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İ
˱ϳŵү
öһԪûСҪô
ֻܸԼϱСдС˵
***
ܿգʵʷ޹أκʷ~
CPǸ̰~Ҫվ

ݱǩӰ ־ ˬ Ϯ
ǣ̰  ǣ  


Ʒǿƣ
˱ϳŵүһԪûв˵ĸ׺ҪΪԱдС˵ʦ־󾹳𾴵Ĵĺ
ͨϸдϺչڶǰ߽ǸʱİյͬʱҲʱ˳ɳΪʱԼһҵĭİˡС˵˿ղܡ



1 
ƵķŨصҩζͻ谵޹Щ˲ݶѾ©ˣεδµˮһľ
ڴϣϷùĺеãȻ
һڶʮһ͵ͨꡣ
ʵҲ˵ͨ˶е㲻ͬ󲻾ãͱϳصಡһܶ²ݡ
ڶʮꡣ
ĸĸǮʵಢôҵģֱҲûеһࡣ
ɾãԼһԲġ
аĸĸлÿɰãȻٳţ罻˺ܶѣ˺ܶ飬ѧ˺ܶණ
һԼҵ
߰ǻ֣һЩ֮ͯ󣬾ͿʼԼڲʱЩϡŹֵĹд
ֻһȥѧĺ֣ͯĸĸЩƷȥͶ壬Ʒұǳ֮Ϳʼ仯ˡ
ϲд
дĶпյͯԽԽ࣬ԽԽԽԽӣͿʼдС˵
δȥѧУֻÿżҽʦѧϰСʱзǳʱĶд
ֱȥǰдµƷһǧ֣ЩС˵ѳ棬߿˿ϣмС˵ı˵ӰӾ硣
ڵѧѾһ顣
ܶ˼ţû⣬һֱȥִܼӦÿԵõǸȫѧ
ϧ˶ʮꡣ
˵ˡ
ӦѾ˶ʮһͣ˼룬ȴڶʮͳһոȥүˡ
֮꣬ټ©ˮССӳʪģǿˮˡ
ϵޱҲʪյģ·šˮűӣȴһ㲻ů͡
Ҫ̾һ;ҵؿ
ȵ˺ѷΣǻһۣܣЩˡ
ǰһܲˣȵҲֻѷοˣΪܲ˶һغ
һһЩͷϣԭµļｫԭľ
ԭʮ꣬飬治١
ҩˡһŮ˵ԭŵķűƿ
ͷȥͿһŮ˹Ю˽
ѾСˣջǻҵģ֮ûйţﻹûٹߣġ
⣬ǿģ
ŮԼĪʮ꣬ɫĴֲӳĵƤ𪣬䲻ʩ죬ɿóɫãüĿ㡣Ρǹ˵ȫסˣ¶ϸĲ
ǸǳĸˣҲԭĸף
ҩߵߣҩڴǰ˵ӦŰ˵ϣҩҩͺˡ
ʵС˶٣̣ӹҩһ
״¶ϲɫϵĳ嵭٣ˣ
Һöˡ
ʵԭ䲡ˣҲû̫֮ǰŲܵĴ̫󣬽ܲˣԱû
ԭ²ʮ꣬漮ݡ
¼ǸңĶ㣬˲žˣǵ塣
ԭĸףʴӱʮͷ˾ˣȻʹǮȥ˱һλ弫Ϊʦ
ʱԭ游ϣ׿нʿ;ҫģʱʱֱ仯ˣֶžȹķӣ׸ظģҲ˼룬󻹺һЩѧһȥձѧ
ǰ׻ع߶һλ绨졣
ǰ׸ڱ¼ңڻݵļԺֱԭ游ͻȻȥ
ԭ游ȥ׻籼ɥ˼ᣬȻԭĸԭĸףԭԭһͬȥ˱
ٺԭĸڱȥԭĸףСñĪеϳš
֮£ԭĸ״ŶŮصϼңƫΪ˻˲ֱ¼ѹֻϺͶס
ϧҪͶݣҲǾ֮⡣
ţǰ;ãԭһ֮¾Ͳˡ
ֻñ·ΣϺһСݴŶŮסŰϴ·첹׬Ǯάơ
ԭǰʱ涼ɫ˽ӣƫܴһ겻־Լһ˾ȻҪĸ׺׸鷳֮£ܶ첻ԲŲӲˡ
Ǳ
ѾòڵĶҩֿ˵ϲ˾ͺã
ѾްԺҩˡʱҽѲƣǼڼͽıڣԲϣػǮ
ȻҪǣҩĸ״ӸһֻҽģҲû̫ô
ٳһһҩాܳء
ҩһһΣҩ͸ˣʵɬҩͺһ룬ʣһСҩҩˮŰٳһ롣
ˡܾˣҩԶܡ
ĻڲȰ˵
ʱʣϻжǮ
ϾֻжʮöͭԪˣ¶ģϻи׹ӣӦֵ󡣡
֮ǰǴӱ֮ʱԭĸѧǸһЩģԪһСӣټǱ߻¼ҵòϰĶĸסãʡ㻨ܻȥ
ϧǸյݣٷˣ˲гһҧֻڼãܸǻãøǲŮס
Ȼ²Ը⣬¼סģǱϾ¼ˡ
ǰŲŲ˺ֱţûʲôģûˣһʱ伱ֱޣڼίԭ̲סˡ
¼ҳһֱԲϡ¼ҡ
󣬾һ뿪ݣϺˡ
ûˣ̾ץסص㡪Ϊ˰Щʣ׹ԭ²񻷡
֮ɫŨѾ䵱ˡ
ϺѾһࡣ
Ͷײ֮ĸֻܵ䵱ϵһӣöԪⷿǸԭҩʹЩɣǮǺܿ컨ˣ֮£Ͱ²Ҳˡ
󣬾ֻʣСŵһ׹ˣ׹ӻֵǮܵ䵱ԪѾǳ
еѰ졣
ԭļ䣬꣬ۻƽȣһԪԼܻһٶʮöͭԪ㷿ֻܳԱһһĻöͭԪ㹻
һȫƲֻжʮöͭԪһֵǮ׹ӣ⡭
²ӣ϶Ҫչ˺ĸãԼҲҪȥˣͲûǮʼĥ׬Ǯķ


2 һ
£һŹӵСɣҶһ߹޵̣ŹӴſ˽ˡ
СʮӣΪ꣬ͷʪģˮ˳Ŷǵ£еǱɼˣǾµòǰһ
ԭ²
񣬴ļ嶼׵ģ鶨ֱ
νֱָڱʾ屲ݵ֣һ㶼ѡһЩԻʫʾҲöġ
¼⼸ֱǡ೤ҵԭүүǵֱµĸֱѧǲֱģԭ²ԭ²
ߣ²¶ϲ磿ˣ
ţҺöˡЦЦ
²һϵ߹޷ϣЦü䣺ԳԷˣһҪԵ㣬Եܺõÿ죡
áӦˣȻ̲ס
²״ǵģ񣺡˵ҶˮֹȣһأȥҪҶӸ簾ˮȣ
㲻ȥҲ͵ֽͣʱȥҪڼǧȥͷҵĺܡ
Ҳȥ²ԹӦˡ
³극ҾȥժҶӣڼ硣ֵһ˵һߴԱߵˮҨһưˮȥſϴղҩ룬ϴɾʢһݸ
¼Ҿþݣһڶϰ߳׷ģֻ׻ҪвţַѲ𡭡
ǿžջһͭԪĲòһ졣º޲һͭԪ黨ȻԸ˷ѣɴۻԡ
ϺһĥĻҺۼ۸񲢲Ҳ㡪տˮż۽һ£ټӵΣܳԵˣʡǮ
ǼûжĹư裬߹ҩ˵мѾϴɴŹҩζñѳԵѳˡ
ϱӴûԹôѳԵʳʱ岻ʱʱҪҩЩҩζڵҲ̵ȥ
ԭͷŪθڣԶʱŻΪԼ룬ǱԼؽˡ
ϲ²ĸŮȴԵýζ
û룬ֱӾ߹øľӳԵġ²ÿζҪһӣſϸųһס
ȳ꣬˻˵ˮȥ߹ˢˢźˮ
¼ǰݣңҲÿ춼Լ׷мѼԵģȵ˱ڳʳҲûôܿڣԱѡ
ģԹˡ
²ˣҲûȥ棬˰˸ſڣ͸Ĺ·
һǰٳţ˵仰̫ҵŮˣΪŮЩӱŷһɡ
¶Ůȥֻܽӻؼƫû·ְ廨дĺûֻӰϴ·첹Ĺ
⸽иۿڣͣɳɳϹģǴӱϺˡ
ɳ԰סÿ»Ԫ߰Ԫнˮǵͷԣ·ˣͻỨһöͭԪ˽ϴ첹
⸽Ůˣܶ඼׬ͭԪ˽Ǯ߲ãһɵҲ
ǰû˲ѣ첹ţͣˣϴɾɹøЩԱȥ
Ա·Źɻ˺ˮζŵ£ǰϴٷ첹ģ˼꣬ϴҲɹɣҲֻܺŮһζͷɡ
֪ЩԺ˯ˡ
ʱǰ磬ͣˣſֻ²ڡ
ʱżҶˡ
ϣûҩҶˮֳһҶζԽĵһȥˡ
µϺѾееˣƵ۶ˣ˼Ҷò¼ⷿסһƬûļͨ˵ģ͵ƻ
Ǽ͵ûУһڣʲôˡ
ɫȫ£ڽߵֻʰںãһţһһż׵Ĵ
һ̺ã²˾ӵȥԼĹ׼˯ˡ
ųףֻһ׳ͷνСҲûš
˯Ҳ̳ĴһխС㽻ҲûáҪǰŰ塭Ŵһɿһ㣬ԭѾʮ꣬ȢˣԸ⣬ĸŮ϶ҲԸ⡣
ְ̾˿
ĸŮܿ˯ˣϸϸ˯ˣȴ˯⣬ʱ¡
ӽ쿪ʼ²ˡ
¼Ҽѽĸ˸ߣȻҲͲҪ¼ҵֱԺԿԽ
ȷʵ
Ǽڼͽıڣ취׬Ǯüޡ
ϱӿʸ׬ǮʱҲزپҵϾʱܳҲ׬ǮһüʮԪĸѡ
ֻǡ²ļд׬ǮͶ嵽õѣ˵ҲҪһ࣬Һܶ౨־רԼõд˵ģóȻȥͶ壬˼Ҳûա
ԣҸġ
Ժ֮УҲ˯˹ȥ
ڶЩԣѾǰһôˣҲ֪ҶãԽľҲɿˡ
Ĵͷһֻľӣȫ׵·Ьࡣ
ھãֵǮ·Ѿˣʣµļ·档
һ񲼳
һļѵģʱеˣ޲¡
·ųȥƼ߹һֺգ͸ϼ⡣
ͣû꣬Ǹ죬泩
ס־ɣ֮ȴһԺӣԺӵԺǽǳ֮ߡ
Ժӳϵĵطļ˸¥Ĵݣ߸СݣϱߵԺǽ£ŴŴ
һ۾Ϳ²һС²񣬻ҲǱǱõġ
ԺӵĵϣʯġʯʪģСﻹˮ
ԱµĵϷһֻľ裬˸ǲһСӤͷһģƼ֮󣬾ѽѽؽ
һԼʮСϱתͷӣÿк¼Сˣ
²̧ۿƼվſڴϲ磡
ʵǴļ׳ȥ
û磬ڰҶأ²ϴ·յŻ𡣡
߽ˣȻƼ²ڰ߹ﱻ˺İɫҶ


3 ׼ҹ
²󣬳æļˣͶע⵽
һ̫̫СӲˣǰӷܷˡ
һŮ˶²˵ûɣҶοãòŻȥҩ
ʱϲЩӹ⴫ĶǰӸƺǣСֱС𡱡
ΪԪҲǹ⴫ģϺߵˣͰ䡱ƴ
ʹһͨıעˡһǡǡԲ֮Сң򱻳ΪС󣬻ߡӡ
Ȼͨ˼ҸõģǼֵСͭԪֳơͭ䡱
ͭԪĩֵģмûǰͭǮеķףһЩ
һһͭԪֵʮͭǮ滹СǮʮġ
ĩǮǮҶڻãԲǴСͭԪкܶģǵļֵҲͬһʮƵġ
һһԪһǵСңܻʮһͭԪܻһٶ尴һÿҳļ۸
ȻˣڵĶһ׼
֪кڣض˽ǮͭԪģӵĺԽԽͣЩǮҾԽԽֵǮˣԪҲֵࡣ
ǰͨ鱾˽ʷʱ򣬾;ʱǮʵЩң²ļ䣬㽫֮˳
ǰ²ЦЦְҶˮ˸ȡ
ҩһţһ߸Щ緹ĸ˵
ԭϺͶײ֮ͲˣһֱģֻԼ飬ڶĻ˽⡣
廹úܣҲûãóȻţȸЩ˴֮ǰͿˣ֪
լӼҵģ
⸽Щʲô

ԭǰûԹʲô࣬ϸƤ⣬ȻһڿɿΣΪòԵø԰׵Ƥϧ
ЩĴСϱ˵ҲܿŪԼ֪顣
¼סⷿӣǰЩ˶ûϵҦ̫̫ģҦ̫̫ŮҦ̫̫סڳļݵĶͷģҦ̫̫
Ҧԭǿ԰ģͦԣͽôһլӣ˵أӾͻһʮ󣡿ϧҦ̫̫ɷȾ񫣬նҪ̣Ͱѽ԰ûˣֻʣլӡ
Ҳ֪λҦϰͻȻķֻôģǰԸ˵ôûլҲˡ
ȥٰɥ£ҦҾһˣǷծҦֻ̫̫ܰլȥûЩǮҡ
Ϻķͦ¼һסİԺǽСݣһ¾Ҫһ
ϵļԼס䣬ʣµһһҪĽǣټϳļÿÿ¸һ䡭Ҧ̫̫ʲôɣÿ¶ð˿䡣˵ʱĽ˶࣬סһ䳯ϵӣÿ¸ʱ򶼺ʹ
²ԱˣҲĽǼǰҲǮǮĸ׵֣һֱûʲôǮò˵Ǯֱˡ
˿Ǯ˵ѾһǮ
ûĶã²Ѿˣ磬ԳԷˣ
˵ͷȥ²߹ޣȻͻȻһ̲ˣС°̲žͺԡ
Ϻ߲ΪͲ㲻ñ棬۸̲ĹʵҲһͨ˼ңԵľ̲֮࣬۸ʵݻ·֮⣬ѿҲͨ˼ҳġ
²̲ˣæܾá
ȴЦлл
²ļ䣬ʱ˵²һһŴرϵЦˣлһ̲ôС㲡պãӦ򼸸㲹ģֻǡ
û˵ȥ¼ҵľãǶ֪ġ
ˣһģҪһͭԪһöǮȥۣһˡ
¼ĳԷһһܳԺü졣
Ѿ̲ˣ²ñ˶ãȴҲ֮ϴɾ飬Ȼ߹޵ĸװݸ㲡պãû߹ðɣ˵ţ߹ޣ󲽾ߡ
ӡ
ȥˣҪһŻȳ԰ɣ²߹޷£˸磬˯ʱ򣬸·ɣˣҰѱóȥɹɹ
ҺһȥɹӡԱ֮һֱڴϣûʲô飬û˯žѾмʱǶúˡûܲöȳԡ
˵һɹӣ²ӾߣѹͲҪæȻҲû֣Ѵϱӱ˳ȥ
ͷԺӣڹ·ӣ²ѱӹȥֻһȴѾ۵ͷ󺹣һֹסĿȡ
廹ûãôͳˣʱһӻˡ
Ŀͣ£ҳɿһ¡
㺹ˣȥŰɣҪٲˡۿһ졣
緹Ѿ˺ˣȥԷɡ
һۣû˵ʲô
²Ҳúˣûԣ̲ס˿ˮʢһ룬ֵ̲˵ʱѾˡ̲ǿһЩԡ
ЦˣҲá粡ˣԺĿٺܶ࡭׬ǮȥóԵĸԡ
ţ²ϲ̵صͷֵ㣡Ϻļ۸Ƿǳ˵ģһͭԪһ飬ʱϺسǵˣԲ𼦵˺ܶ࣬Բ˵Ǻ١
áЦŴӦ
Ϻߵ˽⣬ȻҲ֪ļ۸񣬾ֻ֮
߹Լ֮²鸴ӵذԼȫԸɾˣѧ²ˮˢˢˮȵŵҾͳȥܲҸ
ҹΣǾϲûã㻹СҪȥ
ҲСˣѾʮˡͣܶ˶Ѿȥˡ
һ˼͵ͷӦˣȥҹʱһҪСЩɣһȥ
ˡҲ;ܾˣԼС
ԭᣬǸˣǰھǣ²лţԭȴһֱ飬Щѡ񲻷ŮţӳţȴǷĵģҲС廹ûȫ̫żȳȥɢɢľͺá
Ӧ


4 ˮ͵ҹ
Թ緹²ֿʼϴ·ˣϴ첹õɳ˵·
һҸϺãʶʲôˣԭҲĻģܸ˸һͬסԺӡ
Щ·ȥɳõģȻɳˣɲ·ôһ˵ȫȻİŮˡ
ֻǣô׳ӵ顭ֵֵģƵ·鷳ϴҲ鷳
ΪûϴµľͰľ裬ҪӼҵģҪӵǡԭϴ·ǶҪһϴˡ
֪ЩƼ²ˮݵ÷ףİõϢҸһϴ
ˣϴ·Ҳ;ܾˣȥϢɣ廹ûá
ȷʵûãʱʱҪһҪҲҪȥҹ
ˣҲԱ߸ɿ²æû£දܺõøһЩѧУʦô˵ġ
ˣǡԺＸȦɣҪµģôϴ·
²Ҳͬصͷǰ磬ϴ·Ů顣
ԭ²Ȼܴе
үүʱ򣬾˸Ž飬Ҳѧ÷ǳãСС;ʷͨĲȻԶ׶ʱүүǳӣԽ̵
ѧ˼ݵĴ˼ҶʼѺʽѧͣүүְ͵ʽѧá
ʱݵʽѧȻҪѧüſΣֻҪѹĺѧãԭѧ֮ԭзǳõĹĵӣѧѧúܿ죬˰Сѧ
ȥʱѾѧѧУķ
ֻϧȻƵţȴ˸ӣΪӢһϲͨȻѧȥֻܸСԼܶĵܵһСѧ
μԼѾȥĹĻԼӻǸгϢġ
ô˵²񶼲ϴ·ֻ˶ΣǴˮ
ûš
Ϻضǲȱˮģõ˼ҶھסҦ֮ǰҲǴ˼ңȻо
ҦҰŴŴӣһ⻧ãһЩм䣬һھ
⾮שģʯͷεľڣԼĪڵʯͷһ㣬ڶѾˮĥһǳǳĹˡ
ˮľͰԱ߷ţľͰӽˮҪˮˮͰôƮˮϡ
Һã˼Σͣ˦ӣװһͰˮ
ֻϧˮװˣȴ಻΢˵ֹסһȡ
ͣЦ
תͷȥͿһԼĪʮ꣬һ㣬ļãηŮվ
ŮӴһµ̿£һСȶǵȹӣԺЩ˽ȻͬǸǰһЩӰӾʱڵŮѧ·ơ
磬ΪǷҦ̫̫ŮͻȻʶԲϡҦ̫̫Ů˵С
ƣͿǸ̲˵ӽˣ꣬ƻϴ𣿡
һڣע⵽Ůӵϣƻ
СŮӣԼˣ
ƻеˣܲãˣƻҲǸϡ£Լ˼һġ
裬ڴˮŮӿӡ
С°ʱҲǡ಻ˣ
ЩΣȷʵ಻
ҪֻͰˮģˮͰװˣû취ˮͰˮӿˮͰʵڲʲô򵥵 
ɡӵǰһ࣬ͰװˮľͰ˳ִŮùƻˮͰϴϴ
裡˼ҵˮԴ겻ͬĸ׵Ϊ
ƻֲ࣬ϴˮãҲ¶࣬ԸƻҪϴһ㲻ǰС£
šЦЦʵҲͬӵΪˮϴ·ģϴƻҲû¡
ƼûЩؿŮһۣһǰľͰС廹ûã಻Ұࡣ
˵ţľͰԼſϴ·ǰˣϴ·ŮˣƻƻǳԹû
ãԽ㶼ŮˡЦЦ
¼һǮƻⶫҲģûķݶȻԹĶŮƻ
ʲôû˵ⷿӵʱǰ飬ֻ˵Լģɷ׳ץˡݣȻܳԹƻ
οеĽġ
ҵ˵òκãҿɺöˡ
۵Ŀ⣬˵˼ߡ
ˣ񼸾䣬֪ԴӵĳŮһ˼Ӷˡ
ŮӶһһ԰ס·ǺܺõĹˡ
˵żؼʱ򣬻ܴҲҪĶҪӵ·ҳ˹ͷ֮ҪĿչͷʣʲôģεƻӦҲҲҪġ
裬ԺҲȥ˵Ӷˡ²ͻȻ
û˵ʲôѾնؾܾˣУ²òΪɫȥź˵ĻԺõ̫̫ܵ˻֪ʲô³
²һ㶣ֵӶ˲ôõģܱ˺ȥ
ҲûʲôͲɡ²ֺõЦЦ
Ƽӣˡ
¼ҲȱǮΪȽңԭүүҲͲʳû
ʱǼҳ˰ŸũĳһŮ˰Ÿɻ
Ů˸ɻҪܶ࣬żҪµأ˼ϴ·Ļ²˶Ҫġ
ȥ˱ɴֻиͷˣҪ񣬻Ҫźԭ̡ɵûݵʱҪࡣ
ȻˣʱȻҪɻԺȻǲģƷҲȱӸڱȣ˲֪٣²ԼǶˣŻҪӶˡ
²һ磬ڰ·ϴˣҲѧ˴ӾˮͰͰظ͡
ǳŵ۱ǰö࣬²񻹰ʣµ̲˷Žˡ
̲ζͦġ
磬ӳȥһˣûһЩ·
˯һȻˮ
ЩԱ·ĺ࣬ϴϴɾ
Խĵڶ죬æµйȥˡ
ϣؾ˯ˣΪҹ
ԼĪǰˮˣ¾˯ˣ˯üá
ֻǣ컹ںģͻȻˡ
ԼԼģ洫ͰˡţִŹ·ˮ
һӾˣȻ͡ԱߴϵͰµҹ˳ȥ
ﲻ£ûéӣϲҹͰģ֮ǰõʱͷǳϰߣǼֽûУƨɾȻɣҶ
ˣ治֪ԭͰȻҪҹȥ
Ĩڳţ˺һŻϴ˯ˣһֱź²һǵ·͵պְ֮ѡˡ
Ű忿ǽźãŷߣŶµһ쿪ʼˡ


5 ҹ
Ӵ͸еֻ첲ʹˮ˼⡣
ˮǰͰͰģȻѸ첲ˣ塭
ȻѾˣϱӣˮĻܸɡ
Щε𴲣մ·žͱˣС²һͰˮһ㶼
²Ҳ¶Цݣ磬ˮˣϴɣ
˵ţͰˮͰˮһľһë
ллˮšëһӾˣϴ²ˮŰϴøɸɾġ
лûУϾлҲҪǮġ
ԼǷݳԵøɸɾģҳȥ
šӦˣóöͭԪҪǶˣԵġ
˵꣬еεزһ䣺ǰЩ·ûȥûʲôǮˡ
ǰݣŮڼǮҪţȴǻǮģĻ٣ʱʲôʲôõǮ
ڡˮĲҪǮ˵ﻹȱܶණ
¸µķ⣬й·ĸһ
ҺöӲˣҪȻ֮ǰѾڿҪҪټˡ
һ˼ӹǮ
ôӣǮǲһģԷһҲá
ƷļִֵͬǿĻʱһöͭԪļֵ൱ԽǰǮ
Դ˻㣬ʱһĹ൱ԽǰİԪȻϺĵط£ԪĹҪǿܶࡣ
ڴҵ롭ԭ֮ǰڱļʱдƹһµнˮڰ˿鵽ʮ֮䣬ͨһ¾Ŀ飬ϺӦҲǲġ
ʱڴҵ˵ͦߵģΪʱһ㲻ỨǮܣֻƷ˴ͨͥ㷿⣬һ¿ǮѾܹòˡ
öͭԪǸʮǮԶٺõˡ
öͭԪŽڴ߳ҦҵĴš
ʱϺûУϺأҦҵլӣϺسǶλãֽԶ
žһʯŪãʱ仹磬ܶ˼ϴͰ˸ӾͷſڣЩŪ׷֣Եġ
ŪͿһСӣź޵·
·Ҳʯ̳ɵģؽֻЩ˼ҿЩú٣ͷԻ߳ӲҶС㲻ӣ϶ҲҪй
ûжֱͣͷȥ
Ǳиɳ˵иС
⸽ɳҪ˵ĵطĹ˹ҲߣһĿǮ𲽲˵סɳĹ˸ɵĶ϶ǳԲģ˼ҲҪҲͲˡ
ҸӸɻ
ϱӶ֮鷨²ļ䣬ʱȫʶҲдģ֮⣬򵥵ᣬ˵Ӣͷ
ٶҪҸӦòѡ
ͷȷʵвٵ̣Ҳܶ࣬ǳ֡
·ߺӣҲձԲӡ⽡ȵȣɢζ
һ·߹ȥֻЩǰǵĶζƲסطڳˮ
ٷЩ˼ȥҲŪЩļ۸
һͭԪһһͭԪһ룬ձӸҲһͭԪĻһͭԪ
ˣϺǮöв˻߼ĸ̯ͣǰվ˺Щˡ
˿ڿˮԱߵһҽ԰ȥѯ˼ҪҪй
Ǽҽ԰ƹԥؾܾ
˼ѯʣⶼܾˡ
¼ҵСܵܣôһתͷȥͿ˿ŸӵԴվ̯ǰ
ͷ˴Դͦ۵ģ˵һ㣬˵Ŀ⣬䡣
ҳҹ
ԴͬؿһۣҪҹôҵģߵӾȱˣ϶ҲԼ˶ϡЩҲýô˼ҿ϶Ҫ
㣬֪Ҫ𣿡ʵԹֻϣܾҵüЩת
Ժ󡭡ǴдͶ׬Ǯġ
ȻˣҪд׬Ǯǿ϶ҪǮֽʣֽʲôġ
֪ԴʵģȥҲֻܵѧͽҵܵڳ̵ѧͽҪ飬Ҫƹļɻһ²Сǣͷġ
һǮԼĪʮһͭԪһ׬ʮͭԪҪġ
ǰϹѧ֣һӢġһ䡣
Դ깤ĵطﲻԶʱؼң¼˵Ҳͺ˽⡣
Ϊ¼˾ũ񣬴ֲʶһ֣û뵽Ȼ֡Ҫ֪ǲֵģܵܣҲȥ˵ѧͽ֮󣬲űƹָ˼֣ѧ˴̵ġ
Դ꿴ı̾ͱˣЩ壺㾹Ȼ֣Ӣģ
ǰүүȥʽѧö飬ϵѧ
ãѧһѧڵѧѾҪʮءԴЩпģ˵ţѾֵˡ
תͷȥͶձ̯һͭԪһ÷ɲձͭԪϰ壬ôණһɣ
ϺձŰͣٷŵ÷ɲ˻ߴлȻߦ֥飬ŵ¯￾ģر㣬Ǹóԡ
ԴҪĶ̯ͦ࣬ЦЦһ಻̫õ
ըšһģԴ꽫͵˺һһԼ㶮ô࣬ȥ翴Ǳ߲źҹ
лл㡣лʵߵ֪Լ߿϶ҲˣԴ˵磬Ҫȥ
лԴҼ̫̫ҪˣǱ¯ϻ࣬ˡ
Դ˵ˣӶҲף涺̫á
ȻڱˣѾǳ緹̯һԼԡ
ԴˣǰԱߵһӻ̡
ӻĶͦ࣬඼ǳʳо̲֮ࡣ
ôʵ
㶫СͭԪһձһͭԪһ飬صóԣ˾ƵģͭԪһӻ̵ϰ
νĹ㶫С㣬ÿָСɹɵģһкܶǼ˾Ĳ㣬˵󣬵ͦһҲȷʵ㡣
ձ㡭Ǻͨͨ飬ͻȻʶӦ㡣
ִͦģƺõ㣬һͭԪͦһ顭
һͭԪһձ㣬ͬʱҲ²Ϊʲô˵ˡ˵Ļˡ


6 
ӻ̵ϰ㣬ֻ㣬ûаװ
ûӳֻһŰһ㣬ôȥ
Ͼͳ˵Ѿǳϵ˵ζҪһ¡뵽²ʵڲ˼Զʳ
죬ͷ䲻ĶȴҲǳɹӱʯ·ð˱Ūãйɺ
ҵʱ򣬶еͷۻˣʵ
磬ˣ²ǵһġ
˵ͷð̵ɤ˵
ʱ²񿴵ϵĶ
²ʱֻ۾Źˣ
״ЩԼûԵ
԰ɡǰ²
²Բúܣûȥǰǵ磬һ㣬ǿϳԣ
㲻ϣھ˰ɡ·һܳԺü٣ʡ
ţ²˿ڿˮ
ЦЦʣˮ𣿡
ˣȥˮ²˵ȥûһ͸һˮ˹
ˮһ㣬ְҲ²
²ϲ̵ȥˡ
񿴵һĻе㲻ͬʲôҪǮɣ
һͭԪһ顣ͷǱûҵȥǱ߿
ȥ磿һ㶣ֵ硭Ҫôȥ
Ϻ֮ôţܶ鶼֪
ԽǰһЩ飬֪ʱһЩҪôȥ֪ͬ˴һ¡
ϵˮ꣬ͿӵɷԳԶŻưˡ
һҹˣǷӡ
ɷưģŮڸӶˣڶڳѧͽСҲǸӣڸһСѧ顣
̸ͦģɷȴǸƺ«ֻ֪ÿİãųǹһͭԪôһ˿
ưϵãԳԶؼҳԷ˯һٴŸȥȻһֱҹ
Цǰȥ壬¡
ԳԶͣóòϴŵë˲û˵ֻʾ˵
ʣ壬ıߣҪôȥ
ԳԶָűߣߣһ˴·һֱؿ糵ȥˡ
ԳԶ˵֪ͦԶлл壡壬糵ҪǮ
ȥһͭԪȥӢ磬һͭԪ
ԳԶĻٴεл壬лл
ԳԶû˵ȥˣʱס¼ҸڵһʮŮصﶼƲˣģҪȥ磬
⻰˵ģһۣûҲԼˡ
Ҳ֪ҪʡǮ໨һͭԪٻһͭԪʵûӰ죬ҪĻҪԴ
û˵ڳǱæȴȥˣô˼ҳԿˣһǷծأ⣿
Ů˱齩˽һطˡ
ллл
лɶҾǿǷծӶֵˣҲ֪Ҫúøɻ
˵꣬ȥæˡ
Ҳ㣬⻹һ鶹šתȥӽȥһ̲ˣһ̲˶ˡ
ˡ
ΪҪ㣬¼緹ԵеǳԵø㡣
²ûж룬Ͱǰӽôһԭˮʱ
Ƶ㣬ʽܣͣȻ̣Լһ˾ܰˡ
ȻʵϾͳһС顣
һڳܻѲͭԪͣõģҲ÷ǳҸ
ԹͰȥҪ糵˵ˣֵͦԶģڹȥ˶þҪȥ
ڲѾһ㣬ʱȥ磬¸յûãͺˡ
οȥһˣеûˡȻҹȴҲǹԼġ
ҲáҹˣżóöͭԪǮ򷹳ԡ
ˣһСԼʣµͭԪó񿴣ֵҴԾˡ
ôͭԪԾ𣿡
ǰǴҵġԴ˵ˡ
ܹŰ㻹ûеж
²Ҳе㲻˼ԼһͳԹˣ֮ǰʢʱ򣬿ûԼʢ
ûҶܳ ЦЦһǮ㲻ٸˡ
ŲǮҪи⡭ҪǮ
룬׻ǽǮ
ȥһˣѾ۵úˣɴ˯һʱͿ˳ͭԪ
ˣ·ɳĹȥˣܹ˶ʮöͭԪ
ʮöͭԪĺ٣Ҳ˷ȥ鶹ɡǼˣڶеݹͷóԵӪĶ
ֻҪԶӦ
ҲԶĵط
ϱߵĶȱߵĶҪۺܶ࣬ʵǶԣһͭԪܴһˣûӣûãɴһﶹɡ
ⶹɣǸߵ϶ֱ࣬Ӱ˼ңȻͿ²
߹һٷŽȥСĶɣŵΣóԵúܣ
һسһ١
ڶһͳˡ
ǰһ붹񣬻ﻹ˼ֽõ
ľǵǼûзͷۣ²ǲԸҪģͽҵĹ֮󣬽ӵĹҲֱ̯ͣ
϶óԣôʡǮ
ӭ糿˴ŰСʱ糵ͣĵط˵糵
糵ƱԱǸ˶ٵˣ֪Ŀĵ֮ȻһͭԪ
ȻǴϣ糵˺ܶ࣬ЩϺرˣñط죺ǵ糵
֪ʲôӵġ
һܺ棡
˵Ǳ߿˸ֳر档
ǾҪȥֳģȥȥ
ҼҺӹգξǴȥġ

һ·ֶϰ˵ȥƺһʱ֣˸˵飬ɶֵף飬ͻȥһˡ
ʲôʱǮˣҲ²ȥ档
糵ڷͣ£˵糵ȻͿһ¼ҾסŪýȻͬ硣
Ľƫʽ·Ҳǳ֣·߸вٵ̡
ʱ仹磬̶ܶûҲп˵ģһ·ǰߣͿһǮׯſڣһȺ̧һߡ
⣬װӦþԪ
ͷǮرأ
Ӷй£ֻԼȥʡ
ŽǸǮׯʹ̨ƹ񣺡ƹã𣿡
Сƹ̧ƤƳһۣǳɴ˵


7 ͹
ܾˣ⡣
Ҳֱ֪ȥʣҪʵѣʣֲ֪Ҫôҹ
ϱӴδȥƽǸ飬ǽѣͨģģȴһû硣
Ͳ硣
վͷʴӵĸоȴòӦ硣
ǮׯԱߵһҽ԰ѯʡ
ʱڽϳĽ԰רֽϣ֮ĵζƷĳЩ˵ĵ̡ԼĪʱûб֮ĶԵʣʱʳƷԼֽϣ԰Ҳͷǳá
԰ϰͬԥؾܾ
˺Щ̣ûҵҪȥҸߴϵĹ˵ʲôģû·ЩطȥûͻᱻϿ
ִ̼ȡ˸߿˿ȥͶߣʱ뿪ָͱˡ
һЩС˵лֵģ˷ɻڴڡû
ڽһСʱڼһй¡
һкڵıչ˾ҪһдԱ
ͷıչ˾˽⣬дԱĹϿʤΡ
Һڱչ˾·һҷװĶ¥ӷװԱߵС¥ȥͿ߰˸ų۵æš
ԭΪǶǴװģʵϲǣһ·ձ鴩Ķǳ
ãҪһдԱ𣿡Цʵ
ǵģн𣿡һڰ칫ǰԼĪʮ꣬촽Ϸ޼ĺӵ̧ͷ
ǿйġȻûнţ֪ʱҸҪš
ûнǲҪƳһۣ̾;ܾˡ
ûнţӦʤǴӱģ֮ǰǱԤưࡣҵĹѧĺܺãӢĺͷġ
ʱڵıΪԻ͵ʱڱԤư࣬ʵǿֱѧҪͨԲܽȥ
ԭȥ˱֮ԭĸȥѧǱԤưࡣ
ԭѧʶڱϸͨѧɼ϶ܸϵģԤư࡭ôÿģ
ԭȻϣȻ󡭡ȻͱȥСѧˣ
ԭʵûԤư࣬ǳ졣
Ԥư࣬ĿȻһˣҵ֤أ
ҵ֤ʧˣҸûĶᡣ
˺ɵؿһۣҵ֤ôҪĶҲʧ
˵ôʲôӣǳ̵ġԱߵһ˵ĵؿ
ͬô˵ĺɱ˾裺ﲻˡ
ֻǲһЩΡ
Ȼ˸ͲĽֻͣüͷ֣߰ɣ
˵ͬ»˵Ҿ˵йĵӲùҳȥǳַͬȥѧһҸֺõľˣõ⡣
ǲٴֻ뿪
֪ʱϺ䱻Ǵ𣬵ȴǺϷģܶǮ˶飬û뵽ԼȻҲᱻΪǳ̵ģЩΣֿԼЩ˵񲼳̾
ĴŴҦǱߵŪﲻȴԵЩʱˣִŲ̬ͻСǸ˵ĵһӡͲã˵ѧҵ֤òҲѹ˼ᶼԸ
˺ڱչ˾Ѿˡ
ó²ˣǰߡ
еʣڻ̣֪Լȥҹ
ˣˣиʮıͯߺŴǰ߹
ȵȡס
Ҫ걨űͭԪһݣڱֻҪһͭԪͯ
ܿ𣿡ʵ
ͯЩԥǸ˿ŵıֽĵһ棺ĴС˵ʼˣһݰɣ
Ҳֽֽ̫ˡ
ûǮҹģҿйϢ𣿡ʵǰԭļʱıֽϣѾ`ǹ桢й֮ˣЩûǮãڱֽϵǱֻ
ͯһѾؿһۣһأ˵꣬űֽˡ
ղžɨһ꽭±ֻֽзиӳĹ棬йϢһû
һưŸۣŮӷɿش߹һһŸ𷢱۵˵˹ȥ
·˺ܶ࣬ǳӵ˾һֱڰȣžžžͣ
裡žžžžһӸ˵ָ
ȥŷ־ȻǼˡ˵ĺӺļˣǺһ糵ġ
Ǽһʮķ޴ӣվ·߿һ˵˵ЦЦؽ·ߵһ͹ݡ
˵͹ͦģֻԷȫǻˣЩ͹˵ʽĽװްͦʽġ
ȻˣҲЩҪʽһЩǼ˽͸̫һŸߡ
ҪҪȥʣԱߵſڣһӵﱧԹ
˵츳Ҳ˵Ļλ͹ϰܲףΪʲôҶȥڳԣԣҵĶҹ
ԣһҲԣΪҵ꿴žˣҲ
ϰ忴һۣԼе÷ţȻôſϺȻˣȴڵʽ͹ݣܵص缸Է˿ɶˣ
ʽģ
Ȼˡϰһټֵӡ

ϰֵϺ磬ҪԴˣǰҵĵﶼǱģԴԱ߿ôһҡ
ߵ˹ܳҪԴˣϰ˵Ϻ綼Ҫͣ⻰ŵģ԰⽣ǸҲûɶˡ
ͣƾ͸ũʮǣȥӪ󷹵ԸǧңȥԸϵ»һ
Ҫãа취
СǸ̰Ǯ˵Сүɣʲô취Ц
û뵽ԼȻֱΪǳ̵ģֻܵҲֺ˵ĶǼˣֲһҪãѧŸڣŪõθһ㡣
˭֪ⲻҪǮ𣿡
ҲʡǮİ취ҰɣҿԴװվſڣĸ˴кܿԷ첲ţ߶·ȶˡ
ȥˣи


8 ըź͸
ʱͨյģ͹ſҪվ˵ĴװԱ϶ܺһЩ
ϰ翪⣬۹ȻҲ֪Ǹ⣬̾Ķˡ
ĶǵⲻҸһл͹ݲ㡣
һЩϲҲƣΪʲôңֻһĻư֮Ʒϣиȶ
ӣܸɻģУụ̂
Σû飡ϼþûԱˡ
ԭʱڣͲ֣βһʳһ֮󣬸ֻʣƤŹͷ
סĵط˽ֻͬ飬Ժ󡭡Щɫ۹⿴
ôҿ̸¶ˣҲڷԲɣ͹ϰ˵Ҫụ̂ӣ
ԣһңͻȻ˲廰û̡
ȥ˵Ǹʮͷˡ
˳úӢʱез֣Ҳòһһӡźʮֵҩ䣬ӦǸҽ
͹ݵϰʶģ϶ʮֵЦҽ
ոҽϰͷֵӣһ֪Ƕݵģǳ̳ġ
ϰԶҽŷиҽ仰Ҿͷˡ
Ҳܸмллҽ
лһ£ˡǸҽ˵ͷҩˡ
ҽߺϰٿѾûҽô˵ˣҾ͸ᡣ
лл
ɡϰкһ͹ȥ͹ݣŷĲãʵеʽ
͹õľȻǰɫİܸǹЩдһ鷨Ʒƫ͵ġ
Ҳˣζˣÿ϶õӻµĿ̺ۣܲϲ
͹ݵϰһֱ֧ʣһӳʣˣбҵ֤ס
Ѿܹʱİ˵Ľ䱸ˣҲʵʵذԼ˵ˣ˭ûš
ҲûʲôöԵģұϢ֪˲̫á
ʱҲ˵ԼԤưˣ˵Լүү˽ĺӢġ
͹ϰġùʷ̬ȵֺһЩǸʵڲԣȢȢɣаźӸߵģǱߵıҶ̬ȡ˴кˣ
ͬϰǰ䣬ͬĻ
֮ռ˻ô϶⡣
ͷ˼ǿƽļҹòã˶æûͶĸô顣
Ūľ͹ϰûô䱸ˣѱӺͱʵݸʲôĶд
ܿдˡ
ֺܺÿϰˣ̸ĴҴȥ··ֻڵﴩġнˮһԪ
ߵнˮҪߣһԪ࣬ȻҲ١
ˡ
Ȼˣһºùʣе̫ңԶˣԤ֧һȫİ˹ϰֿ϶Ը⡭ϰ֮ǰӦһϰ壬֮ǰ˵Ҹ⣬Ҫһ󡭡
ϰ忴
˼ЦЦҼѾƲˡϰ壬ҶĲ͹ҪôҲе뷨һͣȻǲģִ۹ڣôṩһЩ͡ţڼ
ġϰ忴һۣһԪ
͹ϰ壬һӣһ﹤
ϰ彻˳һʹһҲ÷ȥ
÷̼иֲϣϰ˼ҵĽ飬ֱҪ˵ģǸһװһ
ڲ׬ʲôǮ÷ҲͲ飬רҵڣ˳ߴ磬͵㻹ڳ壬΢һ㣬á
װϳϰһһһֵۣȥ˫Ь
ƤЬļ۸񲻱ˣϰȻ˱˵ģҲëǮԹ⻹ûãϻ˺üԪˣ
һ·ڸϰ죬֪ճ£ϺѾʮˡ
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һϰҵ궼쿪ȥˡ
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Գϰ˵͹˵˵Щ򵥵ĸ췽Ըʺ
˵ģӼͱȰȫµʡǮˣ
ʱʽĶ󣬵뻻ʽģ˵Ҫʮ
ϰ嵱˵ԡ
ϰĵȻⲻãģԲûйţ˻ȥʱ򣬾һСڳԷ͹ﻹ˵
С޵ǰţ͡һһˮһ보ˣһըš
ǽϵĲףŷ͹Ҫըš
˳ϰ壬֪ͣÿλСǣȻһըšһݳʱߡһˮһ⣬ţͻнϲ
Сǻһ£ִʮǮңһٷ˾ôǮˣҲ̫
ˣ˵ͣʲôϰ˳ʵ
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ϰһѾؿһۣţš֪ţϺʲôǮ𣿡
֪ܲ³
ƫ࣬ţţΪ˷ũġʵţ϶ˡ
ˣȻȥɡϰ˵ǰʽʼϰ
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áӦ
˵Ҫߣûţϰֽס
ϰ˳ֳܿˣһֽǰʣµûеˣҪҪ
ллϰ壡ЦŽˡ
ѾˣҲ϶óԡ
ҹǳ֣ûʱȥΧҴҸϵ糵վ˵糵
糵ʱĳվͣ£˳żȥ
Ѿ·ˣûУڽҹɫܿ
ȵߵ÷ɿ죬һΣͻȻƼӭ


9 ʼ
˹ȥôˡ
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ž·е࣬ͷҵģŶ·ַؤӲˣǹġ̾˿֪Σգʲô
ִŮ˴·ƶûеŪöΣգ˵ʱˡ
ڵϺΰȫϺõģִ֪Σ˶ٱȻʵǽҪչ˵˵ģ￴Ȼزˡ
ıںҹе㿴壬ڨڨģ춼ˣ㻹ûҾͳ
Ҳµġ̾һԺӦøģҲˡ
ʣԺ
ǣҵˡ
ϲ֣ãҾ֪һҵ
ͷȫĵطˣܶ£Ϻݵȵص㣬һЩ߳Ƶˣʧƻ֮󣬾ȥ統Ԣ
㡰Ȼ˷ӵˣҹɲô׵ģҵ
ԺǻԽԽõġе㷢ˡ
˵˵ԺһҪⰲȫӡֻˣţǻԽԽõġ
һȥһ·ϣ˶û˵
ҦҵĴţŽȥͿ²Աߵĳ˳磬ǻˣ
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û°ɣ²ĵʵ
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²Ӧ˵ڡ׼ҡģԼĪĳˡǸ˼
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ڣһһҳһشĴ̵ָˡ
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ѳϰһó񣺡Ǯţȥư衭Ҫǹ򴲱ӡ
ԭļ䣬ʱ۲һ֪ҪǮһҪǮЩ治֪
Ĵ󣿡Ծѡ
Ұϰ˸⣬ϰġǮ
ҲҪǮŰɡ񲻿գ취
ҪϰˣһûʲôУйǮȻա
ȷʵҪһЩ񵽵׻ˣóʮöͭԪš
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һ㡣һָ²һҲԡ
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ͳ˵Ӧö˰ɣʵ
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͹ݳԲĶӵһûġǼԡ
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ǰ㻹ʣһ㣬߹޸ϸ
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һС㣬һСֳһŶźš
糵վʱ컹ţѾڵȵ糵ˣǸʮСꡣ
ʵҲ˵˼СϾҲ͡
ϻţ˳վͿԱߵǽϢǸҲû˵˼˾ĬĬصȳ
ϵĵһ糵ڳлʻʱվֶһЩ˵糵һȥ
·ϣ糵ͣ˺ܶΣҲԽԽ࣬ˡ
ôͳ糵ģȥϰġ
ķ۹󣬷Ҳʱס棬ȥ繤˲١
ϵϰ͹ݵʱ򣬲͹ݻûţһϰŹ
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ǰȥһһߵҴһȦ·סԺ£ҪԼˡ
⣬ͱϰһ̡
ϰ̵ϰһＹ⣬ƬһҵţְܸǸϰ壺ǵģԺ⡣
еˣô˸Сӣ̵ϰǸ͹ϸߣ첲ȫǼˣһ߸ϰ죬һ߷ɿƬ⡣
һʱҲʵġϰ
֪ϰΪʲôô׾ˣԭҪˡ


10 æµ
ϰִ֮ȥһӻ̣ǼӻгۼۣҲ۸ֵζϣϰһЩͬһ¡
߲ˣ߲˵̯ӣϰͬȻҪһСˡ̯˵߲ˡ
ȥʱŲٶһʮװۣ⣬˲㱻ѹ塣
⼸ҵ꣬ҳȥûģǮµ׽һΣԺȱʲôˣȥáϰ
áӦ
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ͬӦˣûһ˿͡
ִʱȻΪĸıǿܶд̬С˵ͼ¼Ƭġ
Լû취ȥḻʵԵʣЩΪȤ
ЩˣδȴҲ֪¼ѣҲͷŵΡ
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ΪʲôҪôȻΪݹ׬øࡣ
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¼͹ݵըţǽƬõＹõ֮Ķƴٹըġ
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ÿըǮӿݡһڣһٷͻëǮ
ըŵζޱȼ
һֱûֻܳʳܾöտյģĿ̲סը䡣
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ϰ壬ҪϴҪϴѡΣִάģͷάǳ٣Ͼֻһֲϴ˿ѹá
ϰĽͣüҪô죿

ϰĵװ˲ģܴҲܺÿܶࡣ
ϰͬˣʲĻƣʺĲ𣿡
Уǽ˺ܶʺĲϡǻƵͳϰȥ￴
Ӻܴܶѷ˺಼ܶϣмְľܡ
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Щǿžݻģ۸񰺹
ϰе᲻Ǯ¶ۣҧҧȴ˾
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ҪƹġƵԭûȻ֪ۡ
ƹĺܿˣⴰ˵žˣʵֻմ˻ҳϴ͸ɾˣõĻõĲϡȫߣ
ܱ˵𣿡
۸Ѿʵˡ
Ǯȫߡۡ
ǲУôˣһ˲üˣɱ
ǽùĴɱͲ½õ֪鷳ʡ
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϶УĿ飡ƹ
ĿѾˣҪӦϰͻȻ飡㲻ǾͲˣ
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ϰҲܸɴ࣬һתߣһ㶼
е㼱ˣߡ
Ǹ˵ûЩӶǳãȻЩˣϴϴȫá
þҪװɫϡܺʡ
ϰߵ棬ƹͽסǣˣ飬ǡ
ϰԣ̾ȥˣ
㵽Ƨ跨˵ϰѲ
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Ǯʱ֪ϰԼȥѸǽû´ģΪ˽ˡ
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ѴˣⲼҪãɽŵ㣡
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ϺĽúܴ󣬽ûĴҲܶ࣬ôһĲϣ㹻͹ݵĴжࡣ
ͳϰ˸ˣܸˣôĲϣ˸òȥϰֻܽ˼ưæ
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ϰ˵ͷҪñ˷ǵǽĴ
ҪҪ²ϰںܶ˵Ӳùϴ·첹ĻŮ˺ܶ࣬Ҿ֪üиѵףܱ˲֪
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ôһȦæѾˡ
ͳϰص͹ݵʱ򣬲͹֡ţڳԷ
ڸڡˡ
ԼСʱĿ½½ˣ͹
ϰ״ǳԷɡ
ԳԷ³̵ġϰ˵꣬ӾڳſڵһСϰڿ˷ˡ
ԵģʳǵǺ⣬еĿʣµĳˡ


11 ֽ
ϰǰ׬öǮʱǲ͵ԱһԷģڵԷҲóˡ
ֻǽͷ׾ݣûôིˡ
ȳϰˣӺǸԱ£Ҳ¡
԰ɡϰһ˵һ߼һ⣬ȻҾһ
ϵĲʵôʣʣµըŵģҲǿʣµ˾͸˵ˣֱǿʣµġ
ϰһ㶼⣬ǵһʱ䣬¿ӡ
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ⲻôʣϾ⣬ŨͳུڸζͦóԵģϧһ顣
⣬һߺˮһ߳ЩʣµĳˣһӶû
ûн񱣬һв˺ϰʣҲܳԣȫİʣµʣˣһڶ붯
㲻Բˣϰһ䡣
š˵ͷϰߡ
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꣬ѧ˻٣Щѧġ
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ڻ滹ͦ츳ϲѧúһ㣬һ㣬ͼûģ˵ǽдΪ
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͹ǹģԵĸ緹࣬Ϊϰó࣬Ū˵Ե̲ˣ㡣
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顣Ǹ꿴һۡ
ͦõġÿ춼ʱߵģҪҪһ𣿡
Ҷʱߵġֵû˵ҪһߵĻ
൱ھǾܾҲͲ˵ˡ
ʱʶһ˵ģ˼ҲʶҲš
ûӣһƿҦҴţͿ²
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ЦЦ
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ģҰ׹ӵˡ
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׹Ҳܵԣ統ˡֻҪԺӺˡ
ҪõĶܶ࣬ҲҪˣһŻ׹ӵˡ
ĬƬ̣Ժһġ
ӱڻȻôˣȴҲûѰӸ²һһ
أʵ
ѾԹˡ
²ûɣ̲סӲǵģİɣԺǲҪǮˡ
ҪǳԺõ㣬ҾͲǮˡɣȥһͭԪĶѿһͭԪ㣬Ͳһԡ
룬˵ͷ
֮²ҧһӣȻҸ۾
ӣ˹̲ˣԼһС͡
ǵڶϣͳԵͼ̲˱
Ⱥ̲˱رóԣ糵վߵʱֻûо
Ϊ˻ҪϺֽţϰǺһȥġ
͹ۻû꣬Ǿֻ߲ˣȻͲȥꡣ
飬Ҳֽϡ
սȥͿſڰһЩСѧα
²ֻʶֵġʵЩαô
ʮͭԪһƵ
ĬĬذˣͬʱԭļһЩ飬Ҳð˳
ͻȻ֣黹˵ġ
һЩķ飬һǡʱѧʶḻ˱Ĳ˵ٶǮġ
̫ҪǮ糵ʲôģһʹȹʷ
Ǯʮűֽôİֽд㶫
װıӣһͭԪְֽһͭԪţ˷װıӵҳͷֻֽ㡣
ڱʡëʱ˵㣬дֲ㣬ֱ̫󡭡Ȳϰıá
ڻؼȥҲûطдģֻڵд


12 Ȼһ
ʲôôһҪһǮϰͻȻ
ǷڵϡƵһǮģѾСеˡ
ôһϡϰеⲻܡ
ȥͿϰһССƤӣǺԼĪǦʺдСһϣܹû١
ôһϣִʮʮǮҪһ󡭡ȷʵܹ
ְķڵϣû
ҪڵǽϻôһСо͹һСطɣϰ忴ߴеϸһҪʮǮʮǮڹŵֻҸŪģܹҲͻ
ϰ壬ôһ㹻ˣī֭Сǽϻ㶫װһ£ûǽĻ̵ġ
⻹áϰ嵽Ǹģƽϣܿī֭˼A4Сĺֽ壬һһ׼İֽ˵Ҫſڡ
˰ֽʲôģϰ忴ϵİֽ
̵ݸ壬ǸеСˡ
ҲǡϰΪȻˬظİֽǮȣֽ̫ˡ
ϰ˻ͦõġһص͹ݣͿʼ˵
ڰֽøֱʹճݸ壬ȻٻA4ֽСĺֽϣɫ
Ļ滭׷ǳһ㣬ˮ׼ŵִҲϹȤСѧĳ̶ȣϰΪһûʲôʶƼôڣֻ
֮ǰȻڵɻû˵ԼӢķĵ鵱£Ͼͷֻ˵䡰ඡҭ˵ԼӢĵġ
ڿĻᣡ
ģдöƯ
ϰ÷ǳרģк˵ʶرˡºĿ˶ˣҲûæԼȥк
ôһ죬һûš
ڳɹݲ˵ˣŵſȥĹ棬Ҳ˸ݸ塣
ʵ˵͹һ컭ҲûģûãҪϢҲ͸ɴ͵ˡ
ڳϰѹû֣õĲ˵ţƤֽװСطŽ룺˵Ҳ֪ܲװôȥ˿Ū˶ϧ

ϰĿ˶ǼҾͨģǵըſ϶꣬һ˶ʣ£ڶＸ˵˻٣ûö
ȻҲûʲô˹ûôˣȻ㶹ѿһƴС̲˶ѿ
ڳϰĵԵúܱǳʱ򣬵˰˾ŵܿͻиԸոպá
ڶ죬һȥ͹ݵʱ͹ݵѾˣϰָʯҰǽˢס
˸ɻܿ죬ˢˣȫûӰ쵽⣬Ҳ죬ѴŵſڵĹ滭˳
죬ͬɨһ飬ȥ˳ϰѵ׼ָļŮ˰ϴɾɹɵĴüã
죬͹ݼ򵥷ˢǽѾˣͿʼǽϻͼд֣óϰľһƵľܺһͦľԼһ̨
ľõĹſڣǸ׸һ׵ľǽϣһ桰Ըǽ˼Ըʾ
ѧ
ϣĸ彡
Ϊһң

Ȼˣ͹ݵǽҲûӢдһЩǵõĸԣĿмֵŻмֵ
ҪʣԼøǿ
ҪĲĻ

ܹ˰죬͹ݲȫʰãʱڲ÷̶·Ѿˡ
ϣ͹ݣͻ˳ϰװ
Щ͹˵Եòκãÿлأʳ
Ա㣬ֲøػÿŻվддѾˣ˵ŻݣѾ޲̬ٲᱻ˵ǳ̵ġ
װһסϸݵȺ͸첲ǳһ˧ϸȳСӡ
ԭĻͦãӢӻߣٳԼڵ⸱ӣͦġ
ϰҲ⣬þͳⳤ࣬ЩСϱ¾ԸԷ
С˧ûÿСӣĳ佱ǵˣеϣԵһ﹤̬ȲãǺȥģ飬ǰ̬Եе㱰΢
չʾѧʶʶذһܸߵλá
ʵ̬Ĳֹһ﹤ҲġЩʲôһûУżվԱþη
ҪҪѧ̾;ܾˣֻ˵Լ϶ѧᡣ
ҲͦæģҲûһҪ̶Է
ŵϰͻȻȻóһǮ߰ӣиͷ꣬ȥͷɡ
ллϰ塣ЦӦһ
ͷȷʵе㳤ˡǼϴ費㣬ֻëһϴͷϴľϴûϴˮͷˣֻûǮѡ
ȵȣϰ庰ס·ȥȻŪ·á
Լľ·ҵǼͷꡣ
ǳСſú¯ˮ
ˮˮϳ壬ѵŶˮ桭̵ͷ˵ԼҪͷͷ£ȻһѼһѹκֱӶԴˡ
Ū߷ֵİɡʱϺˣϲз֣û߷ֺÿһ㡣
Ȼ߷ʵҲ
ͷӦˣУʵͿԼͷôˡ
Ҳǣʱͷһǰͷ̣ɲƷ͡ϣͷԼͷ
κͼͷϷ裬ͷ׷£Ҳ֪ǲǴȻԼԴһ㡣
Щ̶̵ͷڲŪе
ͷܿˣûüһԼģͷһľҺˮȥϴͷëĲһͲ
ôһͷˣžﱻòͨ꣬Լ˧һЩ
ͨĵûдͷȻͷɣһͷʪʪͷͷ꣬ķһϵĺëˡ
֮ԽԽˣǼҵȴûй·
ͷͷ̵ͦģȻص͹ݵʱͷѾˡ
ϰƼڵģ⣺㻻·ͷĨ͡
ȥ·Ĩ;Ͳˡ̾͵ʵûȤһͷͣ
ϰһĨͲźÿ㿴Щˣܶ඼Ĩͣ
ϰ壬ɿȥԱߵСֿ⻻·ˡ
죬ϰһֱ·ſ˵š
ʱ򣬵Ѿˣ
ȻѾǽˣһʼûȫãԷĿ˿ʲôھͲһˡ
󲿷ֵĵطǰǽĳЩλãȴûӢĺͷдһЩӣúɫī֭һЩʽĽ˼ˮīȻͬĻ
֮⣬һǽ·һƵխխľʰ̨Ϸǽֹһľ
ľϷдˡԸǽ֣Įֽ̇ʺͽˮ
ﻹɫĴͬɫ
ʹ϶һЩ˿ôִֵ˰ɫĻ֮ԭľӣ̾Եá߹ˡ
ĲѾȻһ£ϰزУСذõĲ˵ţƤֽ˳
ϰ岻һʵԵĲûô⣬ܾҵе㲻ײġ
ʱ˶֪
͹ݵĲãְѹõ棬ԼԱһվ˵ߣ̾ͱǹ˹
ϣַǳǳۡ⻹Ӣķд棬ī֭һñӵ̶ͷ
ܶʶפȥǸ棬ʱЦĸǴкŮʿҪǵԷÿǡ
·Щ˶ûס
ŮʿҪǲԷÿǡĵЩſڡĴ棬һС֣ȫװޣϿͻÿλֻǣƷͣ
ܶκģ͸͹ݡ


13 ҽ
ԵڲͬҲһ
˲ˣһӾͱءĲøסˡôõӣȻϣǽϡǽϵĻˮīȻͬдȫġ
˵Ļ˵ְɣ
ʱˣ˵ĶǺõĵ̬ԼĶǴһݾηС
ڿ͹ݵĲã;͹ݹȻڣǰȥԵĶһ
۸񻹲
ˣǮըš
ϰ嵱ܰôãĵʳζȻǲġ
ʵըر㣬һҧȥۣ˺޲ðͷȥ
ֿģطǳСУţҲ˳Եͣ
֮⣬˺Ҳǳص
Ľ£ϰǰŨȻˣŨţĲһֻǹͣʵǹϲζ
ĩĢŵ˵ŵò࣬ȴҲԵøҶϲ
ڳˡ˻ͨĳˣһ׶꽴ĩҲԵڲͬ
ҵĶ𴦲ͬȻڡ
úȡ
Ҳóԡ
ҪǮԵ㡭

Ѽ˴ȥһôţʱе㺹ա
Ķĸûʲôϵ
ôãǾˡ
ֵܿ棬·˴кҪҪǵԷ
װֺã˵ġܶ˾ô˽ȥ
һʱˣֻܶƴ
ʳͦ򵥵ģˣըſԼһըҲܼһ𳴣ӻæ
ϰ״ɴǮ֮࣬ȥæˡǳӳ˵ܾûˣջû
ϰæòɿƫʱ򣬵ﻹ⡱ˡըˣ
ϰѾ׼ˣһʮŻһգ۹򣬾Ȼֻʣûˡ
ǰץһͭԪϰɱţͺסһưǳ̯ȥ
ʵڵյģϰҪվſڡвơʵ᲻ȥˣҲֻԼˡ
ϰһûʮţٸԼʮŹ⣬߲Ҳ˲١
֮Ҵҵؿʼ
͹˳վſڵʣµȫæװ
Сʱǵ꾹Ȼ˰ʮţ½½˽꣡
ϰ嶼ۻˡ
һ㲻ۣǶˣûϷе˵еʡ
;˳ϰ˸к֮ҨһųˣҲͺ˺ܶࡣ
λӢŮʿͰɣضһ·µͬĻӢ˵һ飬÷˵һ顣
ѾԹˡӵ꣬ŮѧŮȴȤҵ꿴̫һǽȥ
еɣš
߰ɣֱӾͱǸŮ˽ȥ
ֺˡɫһĿ꣬ͻȻԶվһӣ˵Ŀ⻹ϡ
·ϣر࣬ҪҪͣذȡ
ô࣬Ҳͦ۵ġ
ҽЦŸзͷĸҽк
ǣûҩ䣬ɴһ²ɵĳĸҽеɻؿ
ҽˣ֮ǰϰ廳ǳ̵ģԸϰû̡㣬Ҳ
㣿㿴ȫһˡҽ´һ
ϾڲðˡЦҽԹ𣿡
ҽһ㶣漴Цһûԣǵ԰ɡ
ҽ˵꣬ͽ˵ꡣ
ҽϰ忴ҽ̾ϲЦտҽ𣿡
ҪϷķͷûСϰһþơͦģ׳ϰΪʲôԸҽô顣
ԷҽȻע⵽˳ϰϵĲ˵ǣ
СдĲ˵ϰ
ͦõġǾ͸һըŰɡҽЦЦ
Ѿ㣬ֻ߰˸ˣλò٣ҽ˸λ£ʹΧ
һ۾ע⵽ǽϵĸԣӢ֮ʱɹԶ֮ա
ñԶе̤ʵ
ϰըŶ˵ҽǰʱ򣬾ҽʲôʱе㾴塣
ҽʱȴתͷЦʵϰ壬ǽϵЩ˭д˭ģ
СŪģǰЩӸҽ˵ûг̵ǸСһϰЩʵҽдôûдɣ
дúܺá󣿡ҽʵ
ûУ˵˸ʦ̹ġϰ
ܺ𣿡ҽʡ
ȻˣϾͽϰ̾Ͱ˽С£ҽ㣬˵˵˳Է㻹û緹ǰɣ
ǣҾͳԼտҲĶӣθڷǳãԣֶˡ
ȥҽģСķ˶˹ϰǸݹİ﹤ҶС
֮ãҽǰͳŶԷЦЦҽʲô£
㣬ǽϵЩģҽʵ
ǰʦҵġ
дģҽЩȡ
ǣǴϿġشЩԶǰµģЩǵóЩѾ˳мɴԼġȿȣ
Ҷûǰ黹̫١ѧҽʡ
ǵģʦᣬҾѧһ㡭ѧò̫á
ѾܺˡҽЦѧʶȫȥĹ
֮ǰҲȥĹǶҪҡ˼ЦЦ
ԭڴйǺܽһ㶼ˣСҽеϧȥʣ
ʵͦõġЦЦ
ϰŲ㻵ϤһĻҲ
ҪǣҽҲһ֮Ե˼鷳˼ҡ
ΪڼвôʣҲ֪Ƿ˱϶Ҫƫڸû
򵥵ģҲáҽ
˵ţСһըŹˣ¸磬ϰġ
Сʵ߰꣬⼸һֱ¸硱úܡ
ϰСԼĳƺû£Լǰըŷǳȣըţ
ôãûԹըţ
ϰ˵ˣԵ㡣С죬¶һԻƵ
ӦǽɵǸȻô룬ǺԥؽӹըŷԼǰȻòӲҧһڡ
볢ˣ


14 
ǰûԹըš
岻ãʳƷĸǲԵģʱ䲻֮εʳҲͲϲˡ
ϾЩкܶཡζԳԡ
ڲһ
Խ֮һֱȱԵģִڳ塭ըʳƷջν
ҧһڣֻζ޲ðͷȥ
ûó̫죬ҧһը֮󣬾ͰŷˣȻԡ
ǰЩ죬ڵ˲Ƿ첻ø˳ԵģԵǸոտãȺ
ζ˵ĺóԣ
Ȼˣͳ˵ζҲܺá
ʱڵС˳ųʵζһ㣬֮ǰŻпʣ£϶꽴ĭ̾ζˡ
һ߳һ߳Գˣѳ˳֮󣬲ҧ˵ڶţóš
Ȼǵͺܲڣ;߸Ļͦڵģÿ˶һѲӣһѵ
Ȼˣ󲿷ֿ˶ȷʹãһòӲըźֱҧ
͵òͷʽ֪ģǰôԣҲͲϰټ⻷ʶر⡣
ôô˴ȥըš
ԼҧһߣԼĪ֮ըţֽгһСһСģòӲһС飬Ž
ʵѾԱˣǵζǰĸҽճ֮һš
ҽԶʱϸʵģƺ⣬ȴִŹ˵šӦûٳڵͣ뻹ġ
1860꣬չ˶һЩӳѧʱ򣬹˶ѧЫֻԸԼҺȥȥʱ򣬸Ҫǩ硰м֮Լ
˺1890֮ȴѧȣԷѳѧ
ʱǮˣԼҺȥŷѧǮûôģͰѺȥձѧԭĸѧȥձѧ
ٺڿʼøѡѧȥȹѧһЩҾͨѧҲ˳Ļᡣ
1915֪꣬ǰλҽԷȥѧģǿŸȥѧģһԿ϶ĸҽӦʱ˲֮һ
Ҫ֪ʱڣ˼û٣ʮ˲
ϰûԱҽע⵽ߣЦʵ
ЩѾ֮ǰθˣθҲԽԽ󣬾͸ղһһ˰˸ȭͷСһ̳ˡһԼţͽϡ
ڳ壬Եöࡣҽ󣿡
ţŷסҽЦ
ãһֱȥӢʵҽҵӢô
˵Ƿҽ飬Ҫչһ͸ҽùϵģˣȻҪڸҽǰչʾһԼѧʶ
ҽϿҵӢ˵Ӣ˵úܺãǳѵõţǻЩʵ̫׼ǽϵЩҲдúƯмطˡ
һ㶣Ͼڸҽ֮ǸҽӢ˵е㲻̫ԡܿʶ⣬ҪΪʱһٶꡣ
Աڲϱ仯ģټû磬ͨ㡭ǺﻹӢǷʢУܶʻ÷Ҳ21ͽȻͬ
Ҫȵڶս֮󣬸ԲŻͳһ
Ӣ˺ܺõʦѧģ˺ܶĹ㲥˺ܶĽĿ˵÷ǳ׼ʱӢģЩ롣
Ȼˣûģ˵ʱĳЩӢˣ˵Ķûôá
Ӣĵû󣬺ܶ಻֪ҽܸ𣿡
Ըҽûָ㣬ǽϺͲ˵ϵдĵط˵ˣһָ崦
ȫ£ĥûҼʱӢ鿴ϤһӢġ
ûѧôãѾǳˡҽ˵ˣΪе㲻ˣֹһ䡣
ллҽЦ
ҽȻò͵Ķǳ׼ʳ޲Щһ˵һ߳ԶܿͰըųˣְˣ˺ȴһû
ĥҪôʳҪôǲӸҽӦǺߡ
ǳԹ緹ģס˲ŻԷͦġ
ҽʱȴʣôˣ
ﻹʣ֮ըûж
ȥóǼÿٶܳԵ磬˳㻹㣬ը˼̡
Ǹø硣ҽ
ʱѾĵˣܶˣʱ糵뿪ϰȥſڡ͡ƵƵ
ҽע⵽һ㣬վѾԺˣȻȥˡ
ҽܿ뿪ˣʰãֶŸҽûĳ˺Լʣµըȥҳϰ壺ϰ壬Щȥóԡ
ϰãһڴӦУҸͷװȥ
ֽһܴȥˣҪøͷװˡ
ллϰ塣Цŵлȥſæˡ
ϰһһʮţڣȻȫˣ
ÿСǣ׬Сٶǣɴжʮɱϰ˵׬ʮǮ
ǰ͹ٵʱÿʱ򻹺ãʱҹӣ﹤˸ϴϴ˵ġϰпŹ˵š
ȫˣҲû༸ԵǳϰӸȺӡ
ӻʣµ˳ˡĩˣ˻ˣûʣ
ϱӻͦϲģԽ֮ܳҲͲôϲˣǽӣúóԵزС
Ӻóԣˮ١ҲԵúֺǡ
Ϻͨͥձǳ͵ģķⷴһЩҲͶ⡣
ˮ١ȥŵʱ˳廨⣬ϣһ׷ϰҧһڰӡ
ã׷ð̾͵ǶϷˣȻʳʳǸϲ׷
Ҳе׷ˣԽ֮󣬻ûԹ׷
ӣ֮ʳϰ壺ϰ壬ϲҽҽ
ҽȻˣǸˡϰѸβǶϲ
ϰ߶߶˵˺֪ܶ࣬ҽи̰Ǹҽ
Ϻ꣬ڹҽԺ˵ҽܺãȻϰӡôãΪЩ
ͷҽѺܸߣҽҽһģС£ҽҽõģǵҲС
ҽյѾ͸ˣҽϾҽõĸĶҪӹڣʱҽǳ֮٣ֱܶӾˡ
£ҽÿ뵽˵룬ڸһѿѸҾƶ˿һЩ˵ҩ
ϰ岻ڼҾƶģҲûøҽԸҽǺƳġ
һ㶡
֪ʱкܶһΪΪˣҽҲ֮һ


15 
ϰİӣҳԵһɶϾǶǴˣѾԱˣҲʲô¡
ǵʣµļûҪԡ
ϰһֱǲԱ͹ݵʳؼҵģʣµҲУϾӣǳ鷳ӿֱܻһһ᲻ʲôġ
ǲģӺͰ﹤СҲʣµϰȫ
֮ǰֵʣµǶǵڶģãҲϰʹŸҹˡ
ڳԷʱ̸ãóԺÿͷȻˣҲÿ¸ԪǮнӰԪʮԪ
ڰ﹤СϰҲ̸ˣ˰̵ĹԺֻ߸ɻȻˣҲǣϰԺÿ¸ԪĹʡ͸ڸݹһˣǱߣ賿ҾҪϹġ
ӺСҲʹӦ
нˮˣֱĿǮԺһÿʮԪ
ʱ棬дƹҲֻÿ°Ԫнʵ͡
ҪԺһֱôãҾˡϰ廹
Դ˺ͬڳϰɻ˵ۣҲûʲôСǳϰٶˣɵˡ
죬Ǳװ˳˵ĺɫСӣըźϵ糵ġ
⣬Ǹÿ춼һ糵ꡣ
ҾӦòͦģܶ顭ͷҪ飬Ҳб˵ѧУЩѧУ桭糵ȥ飬ԻѲơ
ʱʱҲˣ겻ԼĪǿ
֡
ͨϱӿһЩϺЩ˽⣬֪ʱ˻ߣһʱڵ֪˾̸ʱ˵һССѧ飬ҵصУһ㲻мľְˣ˵Լѧˣ׼ˡĻ
ʵϣߵˣܶʵҲʵĹ
ùܱ˵顣ڵ糵ϲҲãʱ˼
ؼҵʱ²ûſڵ
ͦȵģϾ֮ǰÿ춼ſڵ²񻹻̲˸ʲôģһؼңȺغһ롣
Ƚӣ֪ôˡ
ѾŰϣ̺ˡ̡ûϱ죬²⵱ˣֽԪ
˵߸һ滹װֽ۳һԪ
磬ˣ²񿴵ͣϵĻ¶Ц
ˡô⡣
Щ죬²һֱаϴ·첹ûš
ϾǼڻǳ϶û¶١
ֻԪĻǵһμ
Ԫ磬ֽëǮ²˷ܣߴߴذȥ˵ˡ
иףȥҪЩԪԪֽ۵ġ
ʱûֱִ˵ĶֽɫֽҲϣֹֽģ۸񲻷ơΪʾǮļͥܶʮϵֽ۳Ԫʱٻ
Դ깤Ǽ˼̫̫ȥǼҾʮֽ
һֽԪǼŮʱ˳ָɵģǼǰǨģ٣ҹŮӶһҲˣ۲ôֽС㻹Ըۣñ˰ۡ
Դȥ˵ģԴֱԼˣֻ£ЩҲͱ²
Сܸм˵ԪǱҪļҪҹ꣬Ǯأϴ·Ҫϴϼʮ
˵۶һ㲻ˡ
һȥɡѻǣҪлһ¡Ȼദ࣬ǿˣ˲ռСˡ˺ô͵㶫϶ˣԺӦҲһЩ
е㲻ᣬǵҲá
ԼҲһɣⰾͣ⳴˳ԣ׷ԼԾУø͹ãǱ߳ԵͦõģϾͳӣϰ廹˵Ҫպ⡣
Щɡ
ôݣӦóԵõġֵ
ŮһۣӦ
ʱְԼĳʳ˳
ըŻǳˣѾˡ
˵Ĳܹûôóԣըţԭɴը֮мܳˣҲˡ
⣡
ը⣡
²۷Ź⡣
г룬һ԰ɡ
²ͷ
⣬ȥͷģ˻ѹưЩȫʰ˷շõĲҲԶ
Ȼָͱˡ
²ݽǶѷŵĶҳһѵӣͰըпˣַ˻
Ůų԰ɡ
ϳ˺ܶ಻üԺԣͳ԰ɣȥ
ˣڳ
״Ҳ˸ԣһ·ҪСʱҪߺܳһ·ڶŵˣȻܳһЩ
˵ǼʵеԶʱûǮҡˣܲ͵ɣ
˽ؼҵĶԵһɶ²æǻкܶԪûۺãҪæСʱܸꡣ
İæôã˵˲Щ
˲Ԫ˵֮Աǵģ컹Ҫ𡭡׻ǻ谵˯ˡ
˵壬ܿͽ硣
ڶȥ͹ݵʱ򣬳ӺͰ﹤СѾˡ
ӽˣڰ﹤СϰŰ̵ϰðӾʹǹˣ͹ݡ
߲֮õϵĶϰһѾɹãæŴ
ųϰ򵥴ɨһµ̣Ȼؿ˵š
⣬ǰһãû㣬кܶԷæòɿҲվſڵɡ
Сӣ˵ģôֻкˣͻȻиʮ˵
ûҵĹһ䡣
ίˣҵĵǮӦҲɣֵһ֪ĸӡ
¾е㲻Ծˣʱϰ
ϰ壬𣿡Цܵϰǰȥ
ûʲô顭ж㡣ϰ˵ţóһͲֽõĳԪǮˡܺ㣬ϸøһ㽱
һͲõԪԼĪʮ
ҲãԼϰļֵֹϰһԪȴҲû뵽պϰԸôǮ
ϰ忴ЩϲѹЩɱٽ̸˰
ϰ壬һ̸ˡЦŴӦȥ̣ѧһѧͻˡ
ãϰǳˡ
ûôˣϾĲãĺױģ£ϰ壬ĵʦ˵Щ˵ĲˣҪҪڵ
ʲôˣòǼţŰɣϰʵҲ뿪²ģϾֻըŵĻٺóҲû˻Բǣ
ˣسըţ´ιҲҪζ
ǣһֽкĶǰѰƴп⡢һԵġ
ʱѾкˣûеġ
Ȼˣ˵ģҲڵĺóϰ忾ЩȻըżем
ըŵĺǿһǮЩһ弦ĺͭԪ࡭˵˲١
ϰ۾ԽԽ
ô˻ᣬֵϰ壬ȥõ·Ҫ
û⣬ܹУϰҲ㹤ʡ
ϰ˵ĺܣѳǮڻҲһܸˡкܶණ


16 α
磬ǳԵĹȻǺͰ׷
廨ģÿ鶼͹ⷢžرʳ׷õϺõĴףʹŹζ
һ֪ԭ׷ôóԡ
ΪԭһֱܽӪƽ⣬ԷԶش䣬죬ԳӳӶ廨׷Ъ
ʱ򣬳ˣһֻһ飬ӺͰ﹤Сʼˡﻹʣ⣬ǾͲˣóϰһһ顣
˵뷹һͳسСʹˣȷ˲Ҫ֮󣬾ͰѺŨͳུԼķ跹ԡ
˳ûʲô˵ʱԱ㣬ϰ͵ûʲôˣͱȥվˣڵŪй°ɣõġд˾ýſȥ
Ӧ
ϰֵҳȥһˣ㶫ȻǾ˵
ϰ˵ͲСˣȡȴǿУ˵֮ͼææسˡ
֮óһ֮ǰİֽͿʼдй¡
ʱ򣬰﹤Сߣ¸磬֮ǰ˵ģǸ͹ݵϰ塣
֮ǰǸʮ˵˼͸оԾˣСô˵һ㶼⡣
ĥţϰǰȥվдй£ҲΪ˸͸͹ݵϰ塭
Сûж˵ʲôôһͼæССдй£дִ֮ӳҳȥ
⽬֮ǰװ޵ʱ򣬳ϰó۰ģ֮ǰ˺ܶٵȣҲǰþ˵㣬ճһ㡭
ҲǿԳԵģһֱǵԼСʱ򿴵ë˼ǡë˳Խڡ
ýйſڣϰһЩϻˣһӼ
ĺϰ弱˵
ϰż࣬һֱûܰѺãһֱæڣл᳢ԡ
صؿһЩԲεϰ彫֮пмһըţַ˵ǽڳϵĩˡ
󣬳ϰ彫ǵĵһгķݣÿ˶һ
Ӻóԡ﹤Сϲ
Ӿ͵ˣʲôӣ˵İӲаӣкҲúܺóԡ
͸ˣʽζȷʵͦġ
⺺ʤʽûǰѽϻɱĿζϰϧ˵ɳ̫ˣȻǿȥһЩŽȥ
ըţܻը⡣顣
ɲУ̫ˣԲըŷźŻ߼šϰͷûʲôֳļ۸ɲˣȥֻֻû취ȼ߼ء
һʼû뵽ϰ˵֮ȴҲˡ
ըźϰ˼嵰ζͬ
еˣǾƳ룬ƳĺˣըСʲôġϰҰһͣСʲôƺãôһըرóԣ
ϰ廹Ǻ뷨ģҶʾͬȻصĺ⣬ʼԳӿ˻ûõĺ
ǰѺеͳ˺⺺ˡ
ӳϰ뿪ʱˣȥ糵վһ糵˵糵һ·ܡҦҵʱѾͷ󺹲ͣش
Īؾе㳩졣
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磡ǽ˰׷ʱɺóˣ²һ͸˵˵ˣ
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࣬ŵֱϹģ²֮һҲͶӡ
ϳԣ͵ɣӵˮŵ̲һݷһԡ
⵹ǲԡʵĩ̲˾ĩ̲ݷӦúܺóԡ
СӶӣرܳԣһ㶼ϼһ͡
²ϲڳʳȥԼ°Ьӡ
͹ǴƤЬģ·һֱЬôЩЬòУû滻ġĥҪһ˫µ滻Ŵ
ЬˣЬ棬ż˼鲼߶ˣżЬӶơ
ҴͲȥ
񲻽⣺ʲôѾȱˡ
ﻹȱ·ưҲһЩһ˵һ߾ͰѳϰԪ˳
Ԫմ˽ֽ˺¶Ԫʮ
ʱϺͨ˼ңʮԪõĳģѾܾûôǮˣôǮǴģ
͹ݵˣϰͽЩǮ򵥽һ¡
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ʮԪĸǴݴϺһԷʱ֮裬ʣµȫţǮɣȥ·ú¯Ҫһѹ
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˵׷Žһ£ŸոպãȺġ
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Ϻضκõլӣһ˵ҲҪԪʱûǮ
ɫԼ˹ʣʹߡ
ڶ죬ú磬ͺ²һȥ˸ļС
ϺسǵũϲһԼҵĳϸָĶܶࡣ
߲ˣҲԱߵĵ̣ʲôƷ
˹ú¯Щúһ˲һϹϣΪ˷װú˸
ú¯ˣú²ϹЩ飬һߡ
·ȥ˲޻ˣʡǮǮϲЦտġ
áЦЦʱЩŮѧĴŴ
֪ЦˣüѾûʱ֮ȥĳɫҲܶࡣ
ȥ·ϣ·˺̡ܶ
ȵȡȻԱߵһꡣ
ǼҺС֮꣬ǰȥ겻ܱȣܶණûУСѧαеġóǮһЩα
ʱĿαС͹Сѧ̿顷йġӢġʷᡣȻˣΪԱʵܶСѧֻ̹ĺġ
鿴Ǹö࿴顣񿴵飬Ǹˡ
鲻ǸģǸͲġ
һ㶣ҺͲֲʶ֣ʲôѧʦŮǸˣǼҽŮ޲űǵ£ûѧ֡
²Ҳ
¼ҺעضԼжѧȥձѧܶʽѧá
ǼҶŮӣȫһ̬ˣ²СŶ١
Ȼˣ²ϵüֵģԭСʱ̹ϵ֣ƻûСѧһ꼶ϵĶࡣ
ҽ֡Ц


17 Ա
ԭļ䣬֪²֮󣬾Ѱ˼Ҫʶˡ
һܻҵʱսҴδֹ֮ͣǰЩǸõʱ
ʱῪʼ츲صı仯ɵƷµŮڿ߳ţٲñڼ
²ѧ֪ʶô˻ȥ磬Ǿ̫ϧˡ
һֱϵϲɫãȻܿ죬ıͻָˡ
΢΢ЦЦҶһˣѧʲôпվͽ̲̽ɡ
ЦſɬԼĪ뵽ʲôĵ飺ҽһǽ̣Ҳǽ̣ﲻһѧ
ӱѧᡭܾ
Һܲϲüͷ΢壺һˣʲô뷨ֱ˵ҪȥһҪ˶ſϴӦ
̾Ҫ⣺Ҳǡ
֪ǺġѺóԵøҺͲ㲻鷳ҡҵĸףҸТ˳صˣΪʲôӦõġһֱƴǡҪΪʲôҪٲ㡭Ҫô죿
һַ׾ϰڿԼ
ԣ֮ǰ²ŷҪһڣſϸųһڡҪǲָͲˡ
ÿθʲôԵģҲƾܣãദͦ۵ġ
ɴͰѻ˵ˡ
ãȻˡ
֪ǴСҪűĽģҲָܺܿĹӣ԰뷨ҡѧ𣿡
εͷˣġ
ǴӽϿʼҾͿʼͲ֡
۾²񡭡֮ǰ˵ʱе㵣ģڣȴֻʣ¼ˡ
Сϣؿϵ飺磬ԺǲǾܿˣ
ȻЦ
²۾Ǽˡ
״ЦЦȻȥձ
һͭԪһСձһ²ôһݸոպãͭԪһձ
һ²Ȼʣµȫ˶ӡ
ձߦߦıģ֥飬˰͵÷ɲˣòУһҧȥ˾ޱ㡣
Եúܸˡ
ԭƴǲҪģ뵽֮ǰ˵ĻҲССڵس
ǰݣǼͻԼģʲôҲֲٳձĶ
˵˵ȷʵϲԵġ
ǳź磬Ȼ˺ܶණؼҲ;ŵҡѶ£ͼæȥ˵糵վ糵ȥ硣
Ѿϵúܼˣͷ󺹵صϰĵʱʱҲˣѾкܶ˵Է
ϰ忴һۣû
˼ЦЦ·ȥſڡ
͹ݵɺܺãͬʱҪеҲеˣһ
ϰõ׳ӣһϴϴ˵Ůˡ
ԺСͲҪˣڳ˳㸺Ĳڳϰ壬ֻҪǮС
ʱְܼ򵥣ȷҪֱ֮ӾϹ
ȻҪΪϰеĶϺ˵ԵʣǸϴŮɴǳϰǰʶġ
͹ݵĹûʲôӦغܿ죬ϾѾɵòˣȻϰҲǻȥˡ
ߺ󣬳ϰźһ˷ӣǵԱˣҲˣԺ緹ÿ˷ֺãųԣܲ⡣
ӴӦϰ˵˶Աʳİţ׷ٳһŪһʣµԣϾͿʲô
óӣϰ廹һ﹤СúøɣɵúãҲӡ
﹤Сʱм
ϰС°ǼӦˣҾҪʼˣ㻹ʲô뷨
ϰ壬õԱװɡźÿ
װˣװҪƤЬΪ˵⣬ϰ嵽׻һҧӦ
ڵˣòȥ糵վ
ܵ糵վʱ򣬵糵ûһŽֱߵһǽϢ
ôܵô죿ʱһº͵
̧ͷͿ˸ҽ
˵󣬵ͻȻҽͦģҲܸˣҼŸϵ糵ؼҡ
ס棿´Ըϰһ£ߵһ㡣ҽ
Ҳô롣ЦЦ
˵ţ糵ˡ
糵ˣȥɡҽ˻֡
ҽټҲŸҽӻ֣ɿ˵糵
ҽ糵ˣżǰߡ
٣ǲ⣿ҪҪ˶һ㣿ҽһӴ磬ҩʵ
áҽ
˱㲻˵ͷ޴ڸеظڸҽ档
ؼҵʱ򣬾ͷǶԼ²񣬽һ顣
ȻˣҲеģú¯š²ͼ˶ַŽȥ̲˸̲˶
ʱøú¯ʣµ䷹
䷹ͳ³αʲôţҲǳ㡣
˾ôֳ׷ȳ꣬죬Ƚǹġ
ʱֶǷ֣ѣдҲ鷳
Ǹտʼкܶ򵥵ֿԽ̡
¸²˵һεĿģְһմˮϰűʻЩдд
δʦ̵òã²ø档
²񻹸˵û飬Ͱʶˡ
ãҪܴС飬һѧøԭһá
ȻˣѧҲ
ʱڵǮȻͿʼѧͨͥлܽĺӣձѧʮһȥСѧġ
ǮҲ²ȥ顣
һν̫²ѧᣬټʱеˣ˹ĵһε֮󣬱ϴ˯ˣ˯ǰҪô̡
ڶ죬վȥ͹ݣ֮ǰһվſڵһˣ˳㽫ǽŵĸ͹ݵϰӵ
˽ⲻ࣬ѹһгɣˣȻۡ
οڳϰ˰ˡŰºùأ
û͹ݵϰ壬ȻóϰܸˡȥԼ緹Եʱ򣬳ϰ徹ȻóӸһըš
Ļ˱ֻ㣬ȴըšԵ촽͹ⷢġ
Ա㣬ȥſڣȻ͵Ĵμ˸ҽ
ҽŻôºͿף˵ͷȻ͹ݣһըڴŸĵط
Ҳ֪ǲǴܾøҽڿ
ҽҲͦģԷĿˣܶ඼ЩӣЩԱ֮󣬾վſڶȥЦˡ
ȥܸҽߣԼԷ


18 ֽ
ҽԹˣûк˵ʲô
ǳϰԸҽԼԷ¸еɣ԰ѸҽͳţĿ͸ҽ뿪֮󣬻ҽģȻҲǵԷǵ˲ã
һ㶼ǵĵ˲á
ȻûȥڳԹըŷǵһ㡣
ϰ廹߶ţҽڹҽԺȻ׬ò٣ǸҩҲ󡭡ұǮһҪ˾ǲһ
ͷҽʦ˵ܸߣҽĴŴǳӣôˣҲûưʲôġΪѹʶ˵Եʣϲԣ
Լͦ˵ģϰ壬´θҽʱ㳴͸
áϰͷ
ţһͯˣҪ걨űдڱ
ⱨͯͦģǵйµǸ
ǳģ˭ҲףҲȥһӵĳ𣺡һ걨ֽ˽ˡ˵ʷ飬ײоʱڵʷѧңʵʱĺܶҲ֪š
һ걨ҪͭԪˣͦģкһǮ֮ǸƤڵıͯһ˵˺ܶߡ
⺢ȫûϳ
ֽϰʵ
ţһؼ軹
ͦõġҲϰ
ϰԼɡѱֽ˳ϰ塣
ҿʲôܹҲʶ֡ϰԼıӣʶ֣һҾֲʶˡ
ϰô˵ͦȵġ
ѧӢģʶʲ֪仰˼ϾǴСûӢﻷУѧӦò⡣
ҿͬôǴС˵ĳģܲڿ˾֪֮˼
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ΪܿͿϵıֽ
걨õֽͦģӡּҲһƹȥ治׿Ƿ־ˣŰġ
ŰҲˣȻģ
ˣʱĻ˶ûʼԡձ黹ġ
ʵڹŴ˵Ҳð׻ĵģΪʱֶдϡϣð׻ģд̫鷳ȻȻģĳˡ
ֽγֳֻӡˢ֮󣬲˰׻ĵͨС˵˵Ĵ
׻ɲõģġ
Ȼˣϰ忴ʵбԭ򡭡ʱֽϵûбģֻÿոϾ䡣
ԭļ䣬֪һˣҲϰˣϾִʱ򿴹ܶ飬ֵʱ򻹳ܶżӦҲöġ
Գϰʶֲ˵ȱɻǸµ˼
öֽ˵ʵе㲻뿴ⱨֽϵȫƽֱŰģÿִֺ˼ŵе㷦ζ
ҲܿˣǻͭԪģǮ˷ˡ
Ѿˣ˲࣬ϰװûϣȥſվ⣬ȻʹǮĹ̨棬ֽ
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ڵԻûͳһϺձ˵ĶϺԣϰƽһֱ˵ŨؿϺ֮ǰһֱ˵ݻ
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ݻϺ˵Щͬ໥֮仹ģͨͲһˡ
˵ǹ1909꣬ǽʱԹٷԵĳƺٻĳˡִͨǳơ
Ҳǣ飬϶ѧ˹ˣˣҽ˼ɡϰ̾
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һʱ䶼֪˵ʲôźáһֱǲóο˵ġ
ϰ嵹Ҳοٸ˵˵¶
ϰ壬֪Ҳ࣬ѾܾûֽˣҺܶϢֽҲûСЩΣ֪սսû˵
ϰ㶣ֶűֽϵıãҽġ
Ҳͽ˱ġ
ʱ̫ˣײյǳֽʵòãԱػصģչ䣬һԷ߰ĺӣվһüΪ棬Ըߡ
Ūе㲻˼ˡ
ڳϰ壬Դ֪ŷǱڴ̣Եúû
͹ݵ⻹ճţԭȥ飬ڲ˼ˡ
űֽ˵糵Ȼһ·СŻؼҡȥ˳һ塣
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ůůģһ£е㾪ϲˡ
֮ŷ֣²ĴѾ̺ˣûб죬ǷһŰֽһ֧Ǧʡ
²ֽʻ
˵ģʱȥû뵽ȻԼˡ
磬д֣²񿴵̾͵
Է˵ʱֻֽһе㲻
ʱѾŰ̳ɵˣһ۾Ϳ˰ֽϵ֡
̵Ǽ֣дڰֽϣһд飬飬Բһдġ
²дˡ
ǵһд֣дúܲÿдãˡҸѧʱôдá
²ʱûôúŪˣѧдֵʱꡭ
²ʱˡ
õͷҲѧ˵㣬ҪͿʼѧָѧøáڡǿʼѧʱȱֻҪŬҲѧһ
²˹裬µ磬һúѧ֣Ժܿˣ
Ҳϣ
һԣҲһԡ


19 ˵İ
죬Ȱѱֽó¸²˱ֽ˳һ˼Ȼż֡
²ڱסȻôţΪҪ˵һЩѧǲѡ
ܽǵʱʵ̡̫ܹѧ˲СʱͲٽˣ컹Ҫȥ£˯ɡ
ܾ
ڻڳ壬ɲ˯ˡ
컹Ҫص˯֮֮ǰǵ˯ˡһǵڶȫ˯ͷûϵһ糵
ϰ壬˼ҳٵˡһ˴
ϰ忴һۣ̾ôˣסԶˣԺɴʮϹɡ
ǵʮǰûʲô⣬ʵҲûʲôһʼ㵽ʵĲ
ллϰ塣û뵽֮ϲͦ˵ġ
ˣڻ磬ȸҽⱨֽɣȽˣ԰ѱֽȥϰóݱֽһ걨һǼ۸걨һĴڱ
Ȼһ㣬Ҳ;ŵңʱ仹硣
űֽԼȿһ飬ȻͿʼϰ彲
걨ϵͦģ涼жʮûκιڵһսϢ
ϰЩʧƺһ
걨Ϳʼڱ
걨ݺڱƫˣ滹صС˵обͯƼĴС˵
С˵Ѿع٣Σһ˱عԱѹȥһŭ֮ɱ˹ٲȥɱǹԱȥ·ϣһˣǵĶ顭
µıĩȻֻмһ֣ȴҲѾ֣С˵ʱڵͨС˵һڻһ
Ҳǰ׻ģ׻ĲףĻ˶֮һ㽫С˵ΪͨģȻˣģѾܺˡ
ıʣߵĹ׾Բ
Լһν˳
ִС˵ԼҲдܶ࣬ȻС˵дöãϰ͵µˣȴ
ǵٵ̫ɶˣ
ǾҪȥɱǵٵˣҲ֪ܲܰɱˣ
ϰ壬ֽɡ

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Ҳͦϣϰֽܼġ
࿴㣬֪ʱдС˵ʲôӵģźԼд
кܶдĹ£֮ԳٳûжʣΪʱǲ˽⡣
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ˣһģǿȥɻϰһΧߵĳӺСûˣ
Сͳæȥ˳Ҳϰ壬ȥſˡ˵꣬±ֽСȥſڡ
͹ɲĥһϰӦ׬ʮԪҡ
Ǯ࣬Ҳ٣ֻǳϰһֱ̫ˡ
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ᰲοˣҲǺúù
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ΪϰȥҲͲôˣҲ̫ȥһϾŵңͻ͹ݣȻȸϰ彲ֽٿʼһĹ
ǰЩϰľһֱ̫ã죬ȴ
͹еԱѾ͹ݵĹˣҲѾ˳ǴڽƳǵ²Ʒ
ſؾ͹һŹ棬һ޴ĺž͸ˣ⣬İ﹤Ǹر˵ģſڳɤӺţ߹·ĶǵƳ˺Ĺİӣ
ҲʮꡣӺܻãС߳ʱηηģĵòӡͦá
żҲúܿϧ
ΪԵʣ۽խЩٹ̵Ĺǳû취˳
ϰ֮öװȻˣҲһֻڵʱܴ
ʹװֻȻװȴرӵûһʱƳ
ȫ෴һվͻ·˾ʱ֡
Ӣĸʱ򣬻㱻ˡ
ǽӵǶ˺ܶ˿ͽꡣ֮ǰһըŲˣںļ۸ʵݶˡ
м˼弦ĩĺͭԪ˵˳Բ庢ȴѾ㹻⣬ըź±ŵĺҲܶࡣ
ˣͷԣϼҴڵġ
һĸˣǶԣҪС߽ǣٶ㣬һͻȥˡôʵڲࡣ
Ͳһˡ
һëǮӷųҲǿԵģڴˡҲͲ˵İˣǻͭԪ򼸸ϺӸʵڡ
͹ǰͺܺãˡ
ӺСڳæòɿֺĳ۵ֱСûȥܴװˡ
ȻæҲûеһжþģϾǵĶܹҲûܶණ׼ˡ
˵ͽͱõģҪͿϽϣȻһУֽϣܵݸˡ
æϰеˡ²Ʒ£ߺȵһˣڵѾ˳ӡ
һҲͲҪˣֻҪ˵İӡС
һֱϰ֧ʹȥ򼦵⡪ǵʳģֲˣ
˶ϲ֣͹ݡſ˳ӣЩ˾ͻţѭ֮£򺺱ȻԽԽࡣ
Ÿӻưһͷ͹ݣȽͽֿʼӴţ
ڳϰ壬ʱһһǮˡ
ӺͭԪɫͻ£Ԫ֮óһö׼õԪ໥û١
ͷٱҺܶ࣬˲òСССģȻԲ񣬾ҪյʵزԪˣ˹Ԫͭ䡣
͹ݵ⣬ĸúãȻмȥһʳģǻǰеĶˡ
ϰֻܸĹ˿͵ǸȻع˵ţ˳ְй¹˳ȥ
鲻˺ܶĳϰ壬ںˣֱöԪ
ˣÿ˷ֵǮ
û˲Ͼ˵İӣġ
˽֮󣬳ϰȥǮˣʱȴˡ鷳ϰ壬ѾûʲôԵˡǵô죿
֮ǰ̫æˣû󷹲˵ڵＸʲô˶ûʣ¡
ɣ¹ȥϰ󷽣һ֣ʹȥ˸һв͹ݡ
в͹ݵطȻ컹ţ滹Եðġûв˵Էֱߣ˳ܿ϶ŸʳģȻеʳĶóЩˣ÷ɲֱ֮࣬Ӿ˷ġ
ϰȥ֮󣬵һмһǴ㣬Ҫһ÷ɲ⣬óһ󳦣һˣҪһݷ
꣬㻹Ҫʲô
ϰѵĻ˶ˣ˿͵ϰ壬ѾˣٶԲꡣ
ϰûٵˣҪһ׾ơ
ϰҪһƣû̫ࡣ
ΪǹװСɺһôһƣϰһ˾ܳꡣ
ģȻһú¯ˮģܴͭˮ
ôһһˮܹˮƿȻˣװĲˮ¹׾ơ


20 
岻ãǰըʳƷôԣĶǲȥȡ
ԾҲûʲôȤžͲϲ
ǵܺãֵףҶȵ㣡ϰվǺ׾ƾ͸˵
ҲȾơæ廹ڷڣȾƿɲã
׾ƣȵûϵϰ˵ţһ룬Ȼָһ˵һ롣
׾Ƿ¯¹ģȺţƲô峺ŵǸɸɾġ
һڣȴִŹɹζðҲ˵ǹζϲ
С£ƺôϰʵ
úȡ˵ʵ
ȻǸӣȻþƲúȡϰ忴һۣԼһھƣȻ¶ܵı
ϰһǸϲȾƵģˡ
ҲȵظˣǼҵ׾ζҪȾƣǻƾƵζá
Сû˵һ߳Ⱦơ
﹤һӺлģҲûƾƺúȣһǰûôȹƵģȵú棬롣
Ҳλڳϴϴ˵ûôľƣֻв˳ԣһڿһ۳ϰ塣
ͷǽ˷˲á׾һ
С¹ʹ죬Ҫڱϵֵ̫һȾƴ⡣ϰͦߵģҪơ
ϰ壬Ҫȥʢˡ
ҷȥģʢҲǡ
Ǳ˼Ŵһŷʢһ룬ȥ֮һնմ˽;ͳְ˶˳
Եطǳ棬ȴһ߳һЩǽС˵λϴĴͬʱҲø档
һ뷹ĬĬȥʢһ롣
ͬʱҲáԼҪдС˵׬ǮǺܿ׵ġ
Ų˳뷹Ŷ㣬ϰȴһ߳ԲһߺȾơͦģǽһͭľȫˡ
ʱ϶Ѿûʲôˡ
˲ģܽƣÿ˶ֻ֮һԼžƣѲ˳ˡ
Եʱ򣬳ϰѾƾͷˣΪС˵һ
˵ĭɵģСǼԷˣȥʢһ뷹Ȼ÷ɲˡ
״Ҳæȥʢ
ȳϰͳӻعѾûˡ
˶ûˡҽ첻ԷˡĶӵ֮ǰһȵ࣬͹౥ˡ
ͦϰ嶢ЩӿһͻȻЩ̫ûģ֪ˡ
һ㶣ҲϰͻĻһ
ȻǾͿϰͻȻһ˰ûĵģ
ϰƽǾ˵ֻģˡ뷨ûΪţϰ徹Ȼһ۾磬飬Լ᲻óԵĸԣԼ᲻ôĸã˾ͷһܣˣ
Ҹ˵˺һúȥѧҲȥһ飬Ϳˣ
ôԶȥҪ£¶֪
˸ӳȥˣ͸Ƶġ
Ҿôһӡ
ʵҶҲͦõģڽ̻ѧУʱѧУ˶
˵ıС»Ҫá
ôͲСһԹš

ϰ˵ͣһûģһ˵ԼĶӶöá
Ƥƫڣ˾֮Ƿǳǳ죬Ŷе㲻̫ԡ
ʵϳ˳ϰ壬СҲ⣬ö˻ѵģϰͲһˣš˶ѾԺˡ
ˣӵ
䣬ϰſˡ
״еΣϰǲҪͻȥ
ﲻԶСæһͻȥɡӵ
ûƴǡ
ص磬˵ٷԵʱеãҲߵңȰѳϰͻȥȥϳҲüġ
ϰ˶ѾûʶˣԼߣȥҪԼҲһġ
Ҫͳһϰ
ЩȻ˵⣬˲ڶʱʵǸͣҲͰ˾ʮϰͲһˣ˵Ҳһʮ
һˡϰ塣
εЦЦСһųϰ塣
ҡҡλεǰߣСųϰں棬˴һ߽ȥ㵽˳ϰסĵط
ĽȥϰͼǰţȻһͷţӵͷʣôˣ
ǳϰĶ壬ûŮһֱųϰһסġӽһ䣺˵Ϻ
˼Ҳ˵ϺҲôöŵϰϵľ֪ôˣ˰͵ȥɣ
ϰķӻûҦҵķӴ󣬵ȻķӦøֵǮϾⷿλ硣
ӴŽȥһ˸ĴݣӦƽԷĵطߣԿԼһ߸ƽССԺӡ
˵ԺӣǸɹ쾮쾮棬ӣÿӶġ
ϰסڶ¥
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¥¥Ҳľʵģһֲô̤ʵĸоϷе㲻οСȴĽϰɣ󣬻ͨ˵磡
ôһ˵ҲⷿӲˣôеĶУǸ
ΧһͷֳϰķﾹȻһܣ˺ܶ顣
һ㶣ܿʶЩӦǳϰĶӵ顣
ϰȻԶ౧ԹȻҲǺܿԼӵģȻҲô飬ѧ
ѳϰڴ֮󣬳ϰĶͽչ˳ϰĻ˳Ƹ뿪
ӳϰһܣһֱܵ糵վͣ£ܵʱòԼڴԪ
ôɣԪĿڴ﷢ûĻˣָҪ
һ糵ûܸһ糵굹Ѿˣڵ糵վİ·³Կ
ʵڳʲôζĺ㡭
ЩӲȱԵģֳԵĺã㣬
ʵˣҲȥܱˣһͭԪһѣ򿾺һͭԪֻһ
ûǮˣͲȥЩ
ſڴԪĥȥֱֻʣȻд㶫
ѾԼĵһҪдʲôˡ


21 һ Ʒ 
дĹ¸ѧйأһС˵
ʱдע˼룬Ļ˶֮󣬸в˾ã鰮ֶѵǴ֮á
ΪЩдԧɡС˵ʱᱻָ׬˺ܶǮǵС˵ϲ
Դ˲ۣϾʱ̫ˡһֱãʱĳЩԧɵС˵ʵдúܺá
˵һںĳ˵ӾʱڵС˵ͺиоðĶ˽ʱǿкܶ˶Է⽨̵ķ
дľġ
һС˵Ȼᱻõܸߵĸ꣬ϧ
ʱвΪдĶԶܵȺЩӵ硢ӳôû£ȴҲ˾ôû
Ȼˣ󲿷˻ǱȽѵģĨǵŸɣȻЩͷǹˣָɳʲô
ҲѣдС˵
ѾˣͷһҾһѧ峯꿼˸ѧǰѧ
νѧøѧѧ
ǩˡԼ֮ǿʱԼҪ⳥ǿ45ǧ̯ÿնҪǿһ
ȻΪǷڸϢ10
ǽ˰˰˰ȫѺ˳ȥǿϷ֣Ϊйɷ⽨᳹Ϊֳ⽨ᡣ
ΪĳЩʶ֮ʿȡ˵ΪһЩҴӦ˻һǮ棬ǮȫڽϣҲͬľ
廪ѧǮģ֮⣬кܶǮѧЩպġ
ǣһѧ֮˸ָ鷳Ҳ˵ӣΪòüݹ
ӹúܼѣһֱûзѧϰԼеĿʱ䣬ѧϰˡ
ѧ֪ʶȻЩ֪ʶع
ģͬȥҲģǵʱѧϰѧϰÿ˶ƴȼԼѧ
ĳɼǳãأʼѣʼܵʦʶһλĹ
ͬһңòڣ֪ʶԨ԰εذҲǰԼģȻ׵ʱʧˡ
عܵһλԱĿʱ򣬾ԼİĹԱС檡
ԭλĹһλ۽翪ĴٵŮүү֧³ڳ£ҴһعȴòΪ˼˳˱˵С檡
İܹѪȻôһθ飬Ҫдģѧ
ִʱ򿴹һЩʱѧϺһЩ⼸ѧ֪ʿԴٽʱڹʷ˽⡭ȻûгԾҲܰдá
дЩϣʱڳѧ˼ǣҪʲô֪һͷ壬ϣҶܳȥȻʲô
ңҪָ֪ʶ
Ѿ£ûóȻʣһûʱдԼϵϲ
ִ俴ܶϣ˽ĵû˶࣬οڻûϣԽʱҲûԼһ鷿顭
´μҽҲԺģʱʲôӵġ
ؼҺվȸ²ϿΡ
Ƚ˹ģȻְαó²
򵥵²ǻģϾƽʲôҲҪõֻҪЩֵ˼ȫѧſΡ
ȻˣҪΪСѧһ꼶Ŀαܼ򵥵Եʡ
ʱһ꼶αټ򵥣ҲִСѧαѡ
ִСѧҪ֤ÿӶʱȴͬ
˴һСʱĿ֮Ǿϴ˯ˣڶһȰǸϰһѧ֪ʶȻ²ȥͣֽ
ûϰ˽ֽһѱֽϵ÷Խ²ֱͨ
ٱԼ²Ҫѧùģֲˣɴˡ
ôҲϰʱ˵ϰߡ
¼ҵСӣôֽ׵һ߼ˮһʡ
һʼʱúϡ棬ϰΪˣпգ˳һ䡣
ҾġЦЦ
ǺܺãұҲҼǺӺúöģϧ
ҲͦõġĶڸѧͽȻûʲô룬ѧٶԺһż̫ܲ
ǣͦõģôҲҪǮҪ̯Ҧġ
ЩģҦߵ˽ⲻ࣬˵ԡ
ҦѾˣҦ̫̫ĳӻڶ顣
Ҧ̫̫ΪԺҦһܿӷȴҦ̫̫ĶӣСѧҵˣȻȥĸ׹飬ʵڲ
ˣʱСѧһͱΪСͱΪСͨͥĺӺܶ鶼ֻСܶСѧҵĲࡣ
ΪҶձСѧҵһ㶼ʮˣȫȥҹ
Ļ⣬ǲġ
ֻһ֮ʣ۱ˡοҲöá
ֽ
ǴڱϵС˵²Ҳú棬Ҳû
Ϻߣܶ˼ͶݷǼҲһ
󷹵ʱ򣬻һ㣬һϼӲͣһ֣ϼӵˮһ£ͱݷ
ԵݷĲ̲˺ܲɡ
ʳƷͦóԵģر·ǼҳԵһͭԪһ̲ˣŹζóԡ
ܳʳƷ岻áԺǮˣһҪ߲˺ʵ⻻ųԣ
̲˳һݷͼҴҵسˡ
űҪ磬֮ûмȥ͹ݣȥꡣ
иֱЩֱȫǹڵġ
ʱ򣬹ԼĸֱʶûУøֱʵҲ࣬ȻˣĻ˶֮󣬸ֱҲʢˡ
ڸֱʼ۸񲻷ƣ˵ĶҪһԪҧһ֧ȻһƿīˮһЩֽмӡ
ôһϰԪĽѾõ߰˰ˡ
ʵںܷǮ
Щ͹ȥ·Ƽ˼һر֣վˣʳ
⻹ͦġôţͿҽԱߵһˡ
һԼĪʮͷų˸ڸҽĺ棺ҽˣٸҵҩ
һΣľһˡ
ҵɣ
ͣһʱûãͻȻвոģ㲻ҩС˴㣡
ҽǲֻǰߣ˼ˣ־ȥҽ
ҽҸҽһĻ˹ȥһƴǸвͼȥҽ·˵ϡ
ҽתͷЩȣ㣿ûȥϹ
ţͷע⵽ҽĿԼﱧŵֽϣе㲻˼ʱ仹磬Ҿ˵㶫
ѧϰǺ¡ҽССתͷȥǸήݹ᾵ˣƢ˵ҸѻƬǺ㡣㻹ᣬмʮҪһ£˵ķӣѻƬ˰ɣ
֮ǰв²⣬ȷˡƤŸҽˣǸӡ


22 
ΪӢȨȻϺѻƬıȡԵʣʱϺѻƬ˺ܶ࣬
ЩǮһֱţЩûǮ߳ųûǮˣͷؤġ
ǰ˻ûΪؤҲԶˡ
ҽȰ飬ŭ㲻ǮԸͱҩΪʲôԸң
˵˵ţͻȻŸҽץȥҽǺˣˣҵҩɡ
ҽһûץҽһͷԵ˵ϡ
ˣģֳŸҽȥ
ҽüŵϵˣ¿žͺƢĸҽµҽ߰ɣ
ҽһۣǰȥ
ǵǸҽҪҩ˻ڵϷţҲ֪֪ҽ϶ԸҩΪûи
ҽǧᣬҲܶȻǾͲˡ
֪ҽͷ
Ǻţ˸ҽҪҩǲΪҽΪʲô
ɻҽˣͽ͵һֹʹҩһ㲻ҩЩѾʹ಻ҲǼš˵βʱҾ͸һЩҲ֪ôҩģҩѹѻƬ񫣬ͿʼҪѾ˺üˣҴû
ǴѻƬģҲǶƷʱ򳣳ҽֹʹҩãҽȰ˽ѻƬ
ʵϣȳѻƬֲ
ʷĳλ˧Ϊעȳ˿ͷ
кڣձȹۺӢѻƬ׬ôǮ㿪ʼԹȵȶƷ׬ǮʷʵҵѪʷ
ôһ룬Щأܿʹת˻⣺ҽҪлл㵱˵͹ݵĺɣ
˸ֱ֮ѾûǮˣ븵ҽԸǳԵġ
ҽɻ
ʱ򺺱ڹǻûƬмһըš
ԭ룬ԼСҽ
ҽɣһҪ㡣
ʲôҽʵ
ʣҽǲڹѧ֪һЩ顣
ڹ꣬ջعãҽ
ҡͷǣҾ֪һһ۽硣ҽѧڹú𣿡
Ǹö˽˽硣ҽ͵ؿѧڹ⡭𿴴ӹѧŶܷ⣬ʵڹʱòá
Ҳ̫ܣ⡣
ִڹҲӣ˵ʱˡ
ѾԹ緹ˣҪȥҽԺͲˣһ·ȥҸ㽲ɡҽȻ˵
˵һЩѧڹиѧʵڳԲ߹ĶԼ̫󱻷ϳȥʲôģ˵˹ѧУ԰ôģͼôġ
ú棬Ȼ֪Ǿߵ˹ҽԺ
ҽЦټ
˻֣ҽټ
ҽ֮̾͹ȥ
͹ݵʱǾŵ࣬ʱ仹ͦ磬͹ݵſȴѾ˳ӡ
͹ݵĺԹʵжóԣʤȤҷϹ˵Ŀζ
ڵϺ򲻵ˣǵĺûзʱϺ˺ѽܵҶõĽϺسֺŽ԰ټըɴţζԲ
ʱֺ٣еʲôԸȥʶһ£ⲻֹ򣬾סڸҲˣȶ
ܶ·˿һĻȻȻͻʣʹ֮󣬺ֱܶŶˡ
һ꣬Ϳȵô˵ĳϰվڹ̨棬ЦǮһЩʶ˴к
ɫ糣޿˺Ʋͬһ
СҲȵعţԼ˶ٺõĵԵʣһϻ·ʹľ
ҸӷԼĶ͸æ
磬ǶûճԷ˸ֳԵ˿Ϳʼɻˡ
һææĵ㣬ʱ׼Ķȫˡ
ѾûʲôܳԣͲܷˣҸÿһǮԼԵİɡϰ˵ţóһЩӣһ˸һǡ
ҶϲЦտ
һǮ͹ҲͳԸ淹ĶԲܳԵزˣʮ
ȻˣǾ˶ǲȥԵġ
ؼԵ㣬һǮʡð
һǮûʡǰһըŵģһǼġ
ϰڲۣһǮ
ȥ²񳢳ըźãȥ˹ҽԺ
ҽԺϰ°ȴ磬ʱŵ㵽㡣
ֵʲôġʱҽǲҪôģҲĳ岻ʵʱ򣬴ϱйȥ˿
ܵҽԺʱҽԱߡ
ҽԺ˹ſڵıһֱܾ䣬Ͳ˿
ʵҲûʲô˿ϰնĵطǳ˾ηС
վԱߵһ͵ȵ˸ҽ
ҽЦŴ˸к
ҽЩȣȻЦЦôˣ
ҽԺֽõĺ˸ҽ
ҽһ㶣Ȼ˺лл㻹ʲôʵģ
ҸŻؼңˡŸҽӻ־ˡ
ʵʣҽæһˣڿ϶ǸŻؼҳԷģõ˼ҵʱ䣬Ի´пʺˡ
˵һʵеͲ֣ʱûͱġҽԼϲԣҲǿԵġ
ңҽӦòųըţˡ
ųըŵĸҽĿ뿪ϵĺЦЦ
ס빫ҽԺԶ˲ʮӱ㵽ˡ
һͦɵľǰվţ˰Ŵˡ
ﲻžɣҲЩˣͦСġ
ǸʮƽСԺӣԺʯ壬һھ߼Ժӣݡ
ݵһŰѾںڵĲһ
ĸأֱǴ㡢⡢Ҷ㹽ˣȴǰײ˼ڵġ
ҽɨһۣʵأ
ٻû˹
Ūҽ˵
ǡӦһͳˡ
ҽҲˣ£ԼҨһ
ĸģİײ˷ŵǰײģζǳãһ̾˸һ뷹
áҽóǸҧһڡ
ѾˣζҲûһʼôãŵҲ
ҽһںһڲţ֮꣬ǰȥǸ˾һ÷ǳߴԼĪʮˡ
üĿ㴽ݰףǺ긾Ůϲĳࡣû˺ۣ鲻ôĻ
̰ʲô˼ƾʲôҰǽиŭҪһ첲¾ͳȥԼˡ
ҽҲǸ̰ȫûӷϣȻϺҪҵĻ˵ˣǰؼҡ
ֲطģУҲи깣Ųӵ
̰һۣóһ˲Լ죬Ͷߵ˵ҳԺˣǰѲ˷˰ɡ
ǡӦһͰѲ˳ȥ
һûԣŭҲ
̰ݵʱ򣬻ҿˣųȥ
̰ǰɣһҪְ֣߰Ҫȥ
ҰͲá̰


23 ģ
ҽ͹ըţػ˼ҡ
ؼҵʱҪܶ࣬ҦҵԺﻹţŮϴ·ӣгȽ˼ҵŮ
Ǽסţû˨ƿţͿ򣬶²¿ֽ
һ̧ͷһһС񣬾鶼ࡣ
ڿֽʵ
е㲻˼㿴ûʶ֣ܿ
²ȴ˷ܵ˵磬ڱֽϿ˺ܶʶ֣
佱һ죬ܰѱֽϵȫϳ
²صͷ
ֹ䣬ſ񣺡ҽ컹ûʣȰɡУҸǴ˸
Ѽ˸弦ĺó²ʱϲм
šЦЦĺҳԹˣǳģп˰ɡ
²ͷӹ֮ûȥУĿŵİֽͱˡ
һ㶣漴;ϲ磬ֽͱӣ
ʵͿŵֽˣֻһʼû룬ΪǱֽڲŷԭǼŰֽмӡ
š˵ͷһһֱ֧ʡ˵ţͰѸֱʺīˮӻ˳
ֱʣ²񾪺һ벻Լŵĺˣһ˫۾ֱضֱֻʡ
ûҪЩʵñֽֽıԵдأֱʾ͸òˡ
ģӲ߶Щ죬ʲôû˵
²񿴵ֱϡúܣֲȥſͣûȥˮȻϼӲͳԵ̲ѿ󶹸ʣ
²Ժõ㣬ÿ춼Ūˣ㡣
Ȼˣ᲻ȥ
ˮһ֮Ͷ²˹ˮϴϴϴš
һݽţһݣһϴøɸɾźԡ
˵֮ԵģͲĵزϳˣԺöʱ򣬻ǻУ߶ţϳԶҶˡ
û
²֣ɫÿһ㡣
ƽϼӲͳԵĶȫˣ͹ĹĵĶƤʼ²ϿΡ
ǲһСʱ֮󣬾ԼϰˣԼóֱīˮʼдԼõǸ¡
µ־ͽСѧ£дʮҡ
磬дʲô²񿴵дۺ档
дС˵д˾ȥͶ壬õѣԺǵӾܺùһˡ
㻹дС˵̫ˣ²ؿ
ԺʶֶˣҲд
ҲУҶ֪Ҫдʲô²ҡͷҡĴдС˵֪֪̫ˡ
дҪʼдһЩԼĿĵĻ߲ĵ飬ԺѧĶ֪ĶˣдġЦ
²ʵʲôȴֹˣ񣬱д
²Ͳˣһڰֽѧ֣дһؿ
һ۵ľͰдʼд֮󣬲ŷһҪд㶫ѡ
ߺܰľͰӺŰܲҲˣŰ廹ƽġ
Լļӵڸֽ棬ܺúд֡
ԭļ䣬õòдú
дһСʱҲд߰˰֡
дôҲкôվɽ˳ԼдĶʱ򣬾ͷԼдС˵дĶҪļྫ
˼Ȧ²һƪģ͹ֵ˼󣬾д
ΣдԼĪ־Ͳдˡ
˯ˡ
ڶϰ²ϰѧ֪ʶ֮󣬲ûٶֽóֽʣдһǧ֡
д֮żææȥϵ糵
͹Ǿŵ㿪ŵģ쵽糵վʱ򣬸պ糵ֱӾˣ˵͹ݵʱ򻹲ŵ㡣
ʱСӻм﹤æţϰڸԱҪ顣
̫ˣϰˡ
ͷ٣Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˳ϰһ˵Ҫйкܶϰϳıˡ
˱õĻһһ̫˵İ﹤ȥ˳Ӱæ
ϰ弱ҴҸǽ꣬͹ݾͿˡ
ſŶӣĽ򺺱
ͦȵģ־
ͷ̫ˡ˵Ҫ翪꣬¸á
͹ݻһѿ˷⣬ǾʳĹӦϡ
˵Сִһл߲г򵽵ʳģʱ򡭡򵽣Ҫ칩ӦϾͱˡ
˵ں۸Ϊ˵Ĵײ˰ɣλǳ˾дİײ㽭úͷϵס˸ˮͷΪ ˡĻ
Ϻ㽭࣬ͷײϺǿϡ
⣬Ҳû߲˵ԭ
ÿ춼򵽣߲ˡﶬϺԵˣһ춼ûˡ
æúܣֱϰ庰ȥø嵰ҽȥŷָҽˡ
ΪطֻеһݵըŲòͣ򺺱ǲµģҲˡ
вǮģըײ֮㺺
ҽֻܺͱƴȥʱһŮڶźúӶԵ㡭
ҽļڸҽǰ
ôмûУҽŮ̾͵
ŮʿϰĻҲϰ͡ЦЦ
Ůԣ漸䲻˵ˡ
ŶԸҽҽϰģһ£ȥæˣ
˵ˡ
ҽģҶæţܲվһ߸졣
˼æȥˣһֱעŸҽģҽ뿪ʱ򣬻ҽ˸к
층ҽûٹԷΪҪдС˵ҪæҲûȥҸҽʵѧϡ
ʱôȥ죬С˵дһ֣ʱϰ٣ȻȥͶʱ򣬸͹ݾȻҲ˺
˼ҵĺ͹ݵĺ¡棬֥顣
ˣǵըźҲȳϰ͹ݱһͭԪ
Ȼп򺺱ʱ׼ǵġ͹ݡҲкܶ˲ڲڣֻ˵ġ
͹ݵһӾͱˡ
˵͹ǰȻǺܺõģǰЩȣȴƵһǧɡ
ϰֲˣϹ˵ţ̲ס͹ݵϰ˵̫ص
ϰ壬ܼ򵥣ѧߺûбѧߡȴҶʣӦҲ򡣡пϵرʾ
֮С
ϰ˼䡪˵ʱϰ
С°ܲٸ뷨ӣ
ϰ壬ҵһʽˡ
ϰ۾һʲô


24 
ǰȻ¹, ٣ΪԭٳȥԷ, ˶, ʵǲ̫˽ġ
֮ǰ֮ûг⣬Ϊ벻ĺʵͲʽˡû취ʱõʳʵ̫, ˵ըɣʮֻըᣬҪֻˣ
롭ʵ͹ҲһҪͣ
ͳϰ̨ϰ, óϰտ
һȫտһס˿ͣ
Ҫ, ʱϺ, ˻ѶųԵģ㹻ʽȫ
Ȼˣտ϶ҹ̯ϵտһ, ŪѬǵġǿ͹Ŀ¯
Ѽ廨⡭Ӧöܺóԣ
˵ûôԹտĥֻҪʳʷźõϣζ̫ܲ
ЩʳĻңûӦӦ֮˵, Ƿڼ۸һ㣬, Ҳһ
Ȼˣ׻ߺʲôУ׿ҲУˣ֮ǰǹըص˳ϰ壬֪ΧũͰײһټ
֮⣬ԿڱʲôģѼҲ
ȻˣЩһ֪ϰ϶Ҫ취Ū䷽
ҪտҪֽ֪СȻĵϣʱһǳóԡֵ
ȻִһֳĵϣʱϺôã˵ȻˡʱˣѹͲֵ֪ϵĴڡ
ȻһӦ򵽣ϰҪǹ˵Ȼͱĵһ𣬴䷽
˵˺ܶ࣬ϰ۷
ֻǣϰܺܿͷһ⣺⿾ܷѹҪ˲˵׬ǮҲ϶纺ࡣ
Ȼò󣬵ʤö࣬ϰЩÿ촿ڰԪϣϣܼŪЩĶġ
ϰ壬ʳģ⡣򵥵ʳ͸ױѧˣһֱȥҾò͹ݵҪãɫһҪ࣬ҪڲͬȻʳƷ⣬̱ƷҲҪ
ϰ˼
ֵϰ壬ӦòȱǮˣͰѲúװһ£¿šԺըźʲôļٴտƷȻˣЩȫȽϺá
ֶҪ˶ãߵеͶ͹ݾͶˣʱҲܿ׬СǮû취׬Ǯһ죬껹ֿȥˡ
ϾǼҵĺڵĺʵûʲôҪǿˣ϶˵򡭡
ϰҪãҪɫ
νɫҲڲͬ
ִʱװ޳һŷϳϰõİɫĻ͹װ޵ִһ㣬ɫˡ
ʵʱİգϲݻ磬ԳϰĲӰӾݻװޱˡôˣҲûװޡֵطڿ϶ǽȥġ
ԣϰװޣִ硢ŷ硣
װ޷ڴʱǱģװˡ
Ȼˣİ﹤϶ҲҪúôʱһСȫװ϶ž;
һƬͷһݶ
ϰʱϴ棬Ǻмʶģ֪˵еһҧУôɣЩ׬Ǯȫӽȥ϶ܰҵװ޵Ĳˣ
ͷװһ·ӣЩľϵĻһٿǮ͹ˣɲȱǮ
ЦЦȻ˵װ޵顣
͹װޡ¥ǽǲöģֻҪȫУϾõİʽǳˡ
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˵ܳȥѧͬæġ
ˣ˵õǸܺóԵĵϣʲôţ
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κ˶֪ӵкǶôҪ˴Խ֮һֱŬ塣
ѾڳʳϿԼÿϰؼ;лһܣȻ
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ȻˣҪǿ׳϶Ҫȱ֤ӪҪ֤ӪҪǮ
Ĺȥϰˣ˵ҪϢһ졣
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ϻؼҺûдӣǽԼ֮ǰдһóһ飬ǦһЩ޸ġ
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ŶúܣƼ⼵ʣ˵Ự
סҦҵˣһң˵Ӷòô
ûʱѣۿžҪȥˣͬ飬ȴеֻģƼȻһԽС
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ǣ֮ǰ˶壬ڶй˵塭
ҳöˣǳԵǰֽٰҲ֪ĶŪġ

˵ǣǺһ²ǡҸˣģд飬׬ܶǮ
Цôдģ
ϺĵĲżҲ̫ᴵˣ
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˵أͻȻһӣͷǲǣҪҪҰǸ˰
Щ˶ʱ˵ˡ
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ӴյߣС찡ҼСԳûˡһ㡣˵ţֱӾôȥҨհõ͡
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Ǹ˵йԱڲշ
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ɣүѺдȻС˵¸ڿʼǣÿڿΣÿοǧҡ̾˾
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ʵʱͶ岻Ը͸©ʵݵ˻ͦģĳЩﻹʱ˵ǱΪӲݴδˡҲûҪѰʵס
ȻѾ̸ף¸Ӿ뿪ˡ
Żȥʣµǧֳһ
ߺ󣬴ڱ༭ĹԱΧٰߣܱ࣬ûˣ㻹С˵ӽджã
ǳáٰն˵һǵһοӵС˵ѧдġ
ҿ
ҲҪ
ң
ҪٰһʱСĵ㣬ǧŪ˸ӡȵȣСдݳȥСġ
ҲɣǸһֱûߵ뿴ǰݣ
ٰ
ǣһҡҸҪǺÿŭ
лҪ˵
ʱźˮдС˵׬Ŀɶ࣡ǡҡ~Ȼ³Ѹ˼ǧְԪġ


25 ¥
Ӵڱı༭뿪, ֱӻؼˡ
·ػ˺ܶʱ䣬ҵʱѾ㡣
ͷͨ˼ҹ, ǲʱ俴̫, ھ͸óˣֺڵ硭ؼҵʱøϴҶ
ʣµ, Ͷһգ֮⣬һ뿪θ̲
û̲ˡ˭ֺóԣ
ʵѾ㲻, ԸŻ̲ˡͷ̲֮ȫϹ죬Ȼһ˶̲Ժü顣
ȥȥͳô, ִ϶, ǶȻʲô㡣
ָ뷹Ȼȸ²񽲿ΣſʼԼдС˵
ǧ־ͳȥ, ̫ƹ̫д۾е㻨ˣʶȥԼ۾Ū, ̾ͣʲдˡ
ڶϣʣµǧֳ, ְѸֽպ÷ڻ糵ȥ硣
ûһ糵վϳʱʱѾˣҲûȥڱ༭͸ӣֱȥ͹ݡ
͹ݵʱѾŵ࣬͹Ϳˣװſ⡣
͹һЩ˳ըţʱҪֺܶ࣬ǰȣ͹ݵۿɼز˺ܶ࣬򺺱ˣԽԽˡ
Сˡϰȥָһʶ˵ʶһ£ҵѣ룬Ժǲ͹ݵƹˡ
ƹáЦŴ˸к
Ҹ˵ġϰƹ
áƹҾ˵ĿϰһģһҲǹ㶫ˡ
áæҾ
໥ʶ֮󣬳ϰͶƹţ鷳㿴ˣҳȥһˡ
ƹӦϰֶС£һȥɣ
ϰȥȥľ
ҪӣǰɫĳСӣľǱûаɫ᣺ɫᣬֻУҪ򵽲ף¿һͿϳҿ԰ȥʡ
Ǿ鷳ˡϰʵڲУǲðҲԡ
Ҫӵĳߴȫ£ְĹ̨˵̨ʽøľ˶ľ֮󣬳ϰִȥϡ
ϰǰϵһҩϵˣ˸ʽĵϣϧʶ
һֵصģڵ￴Ȼ
ʱȻ٣ֲȻļ۸ϱȽϹ󣬵򵽣ȶĻԴӦǳϰ壬Ѿˡ
ڱĵϡ۶ǲʶģɳϰһȥˡ
ϰԴ˺Σ˵ôˣôЩȫʶ
ǰֻܳԣûǹЩ
ϰԿһۣ϶ǰһھ޸֮ҵġ
ϧˣǸǸӲģȻɳԭͳӸϳִ£
ּͥ͵סԸ͹ݸ˶ӡϰ忴ĿףС°Ժ󷢴˿ɱҡ
ϰ壬⻰Ӧ˵Ц
ϰЦЦûӻ
ĸСʱ˲ųϷ
Եģϰһҵ꣬Լһ뱬档
νı㣬ǽпըý͡ǺһЩģζǳá
кյģҲ̲˵ģϰҪ̲˵ģ̲˳Եʵе࣬Ҫ˺յģĶ档
ˡ̫һƬóԡɣ˱滹ʲô棿ϰġ
д棬˿档˵
Сʲôϰ忴֮ǰˣڳθڴ󡣡
˿ɡллϰ塣
˵ʲôллϰЦ
Ľͷǰ׼õģϺߵֶϸ棬ܿˣûȶã˾ͳ
ܺóԣ˿Ǽ̲յģζҲ
Եĸɸɾġ
ʱһ滹Ǻʵڵģһ룬ϰһͱˣ꣬ЦǺǵʵС£ҪҪһ룿
ˡܾˣô¶ǣѾԲ±ˡ
ĸͭԪһ룬˿ͭԪһ룬
Ҫ֪ǵͭԪһļҪܳԱ
Թ˾ͻ͹ݡ
ٵʱ򣬳ϰҲɻֱͼֽȥˡʱ¥ǽϣҲҪŪװȥġ
ôӻͼ
һ룬ˣ¸磬㡣Сһֱ¸磬Щ˶͹ݣ˳ϰӻƹ񣬴ҶΪ¸硣
ʲôؿ
¸磬ϰǲҪƹ᲻᲻ˣģ֪ģⲻãǶûʲôɡ
ûе¡ģúÿȥģϰҲ᲻Ǹˡ
⻰ͷɺࣺܶ¸磬лл㣡
лЦ
ҲˡͻȻ뵽ʲôŴڹ̨Ǯĳϰϰ壬˵дҪҼǱиѧģؼҼ˶˵ġϰ壬¥ϲѾʰ𣿲¸ȥ¥ϻɡ
ҲáϰӦֵȥɻñ飡
ǺһЦȥſˡ
ϰߣͶС£¥ѾʰˣﻹԭķһЩҾߣȥͼֽɣ徻
͹˺ܶ࣬ʱʱп˹ͼֽͦϰߵģϰô˵̾ʹӦ
ֽʣСӽ˸¥Ȼͷڴɨɾ֮󣬱ĻҪ
¥ܴΪ濪˸촰װ˲Եʣͦáϰ˵ЩҾߣֱһŴһ¹һӣһһӡ
ⷿǳϰӱµģǰһηӦǰ¥ҵġ
Ȼˣãǰ£źֽ֮ͻȻ뵽һ¡
ͼֽòȷҪʱ䣬ˣкܶʱ䡭룬ڰֽдԼС˵
ŷ֮󣬷˶Իˣǿϵģӵġ
ѧǶ̬Ҫõ㣬һЩͨ;Ļ͹ȴײ㡣
ȻˣǶ̬ȻҪõ㣬ȴҲòȥΪŷ۹󣬴ǮԵʣȥ򹤣ûҪ
һѼװԼձˣҵһݺʵĹ
úܱͬʱԸʵ
õģҵһݰһũղ˵Ķ̹Ƿݶ̹֮ΪǸũ˱Ĺ
ڹڵʱȻҾ̫ãʵҲȻϹѧ
Ҫ֪Ҫѧˡǿ鴿òȫסĻҪ⣬ҪͨġӢġ
ȻǿԣǴοһ߰죬ȿġӢĺͱʷٿѧΡʷȵȡ
ͨĿԣǴСܽܵĽǳõġڹʱҲǸʮָմˮСү
ʲôҪɡ
Ȼˣѧϰ
еĿʱ䶼ѧϰˣÿδͼݽ飬ȫһЩʶ
֪Ȼдǧ֣Ҳˡ
һõĹùЧܶࡣ
±ʻ˻ʼͼֽ
ʱѾ˺Щͼ
˳¥Լͼֽ˳ϰ壬Ȼϰ壬˼¥ûһֱͼд˵㶫
¥д£ϰʡ
˵ͷ
û£дɡϰҿҲɲҾ㽫Ϣˣܼǵҡ


26 ׼ǹ
ǳϰڶ˵Ļ, ⡣
ϰ̬ȵı仯͸ܵ, Ҳ֪ϰΪʲôô
ϰڶŴ, ʵһͶʡ
йĹŴܶϲͶʡ
ľΤͶˣںĳ, кܶҾһʱܹ˵кܶȨƵˡ
˵ԭ²ĸףȥձѧԼǮ⣬ҲΪܵһλԱĿ, õ˶ԷĹϵ
ˣ֮ô, ҲΪԼ档
ûϢ, ʧһЩǮƣ˴컯ܸǴ޴ĺô
ҵʱڣɹͶʴȺƽ
һСھڻ˵ʱǮ, ܳ˸þĲٰ˰һԱʱԺԼСķָͱŹˡ
Լܶô磬ϰְ϶Ҳû̫Զ, ˼ǲġܸмϰԼĿء
ϰ˵ûȷʵҪ뿪, ڳϰһ¾뿪
һԲҵ˽⣬ҲϲΪԼʱڶϡ
͹ݸɻҪܣԶ⣬ûĺôʱȫҲ͹
Щÿ飬·ϻĸСʱϻҪ̵²飬ҪԼдʵǳۣûѧʲô
οɻ˼ҹҲá
Цϰ壬ҿʱңĶһǡ
ϰϲЦտ
ʱֵϰ壬ȷʵٹ죬ϵæʹǹ
Կһϲͨôãô֮࣬ҪϰԼȥԣ˵ϵ飬͹ݵװޡ
˵װҲǲġ
ѧִ۹ڣŪװܹ鲻̫Ҳ϶ʱװ޽Ȼͬ
ʱ˵ڲͬһ㣬Ѿפˡ
ô죿ϰЩȣ㲻ˣһӵӪô죿
ǰЩдЩȥֽͶ壬ֽѾȷҪˡȥͶʱΪܹ壬û˵ǸԼдģڳϰǰǲҪ
ֻΪȥҸĹû뵽㾹Ȼܷ¡ϰ徴ؿһۡ
ͷֵĶ࣬дľ͸ˡڱֽ־ϷʲôģǱĴˡ
ϰĿ⿴е㲻˼ϰֵٹ죬һˣ⼸㲻ڵʲôҰװŪþС
ллϰ塣Ц
Ҳýϰˡͣ㺰һɡϰЦ
лл塣Ӧˡ
ϰͺܺã˳֮󣬶͸ˡ
˶֮ͺͶǳӸÿ˷ֺãԵģ֮ǰҲˣϰ庰ԼһԣһͬԷģƹ
ƹģ˳ϰһЩ֮󣬲֪ƹԭǹݵľ޸˵ʱݳķ֮һӣƹ￪ġ
ƹʱĵ鶼ġ
ֻϧӢڹȦأֱӰƹլȦȥˣҪԼΪļ۸
ż˲Ը֮󣬻֪һЩˣƹĸ״ˡ
ƹĸױ֮󣬾Ͳಡ齣ƫʱԴ˵żҲˡ
żǿǮׯģԴ֮̾ׯƱǮׯҡ
ʱǮׯ˴Ǯ֮󣬻ȶģʱԶһׯƱׯƱ˵ֻڱʹãΪʹ÷ǳСܺõǮׯׯƱеĳƱΡ
ǷңǮׯҲˡ
żҾôˣƹĸҲʱƹ񲻹ʮꡣ
ƹҲй̣׬Ǯһȷǳ⣬⣬ĻˣȥˣټԼ겻СŮֽٻȥƴ㿪ʼƹ
Ǹбµģ˸нˮҲͱƹøߣ֮ǰ˹ܷʱһôʮԪγϰǿһʮԪĸ߼ۡ
üƣͷףͱȳϰ廹С꣬ȴһɱ˪ĸоһ˫۾ֺ
ϲƹ졣ƹ飬мʶȻ࣬ȴܸඥĸо
ִʱ򿴹ܶѧ飬ټϲ۲죬ʱ˶¿ú͸ʵҲǴȱġȱٸ潻ľ顣
ƹϣѧ١
ƹģ뿪͹ݵʱʱѾˣɫһƬûȥڱı༭ֱӻ˼ҡ
ϣ̹²˯ˣڶһҲûмдȥϵ糵
ʱ򻹺磬ȻҲ飬ֱȥ˴ڱı༭
ȥʱ򣬻ûڱ༭ϰʱ䣬༭Ѿˣһ˼ڴɨ¥ú¯ˮ
㣡˿ЩϲôŹܱһ졣
ûաЦЦҰѸˡ
Ұɣҵ¾͸ܱࡣ˵Ŀŵĸֽϣһ뿴ӡ
ЦЦͰѸָֽģǶԴڱһ˽⡣
ڱı༭һĸʽı༭ְģǰ˾Ǽְ֮һݱֽÿ۰˾ǧݣʱһݣϺŵǰʮġ
ģʹӴڱ༭뿪ˣȥ͹ݡ
ϰ岻ڵȥˣֻƹڵ￴ţƹЦüƸˣûʲô飬ȥ¥ϰɡ
õġЦӦˣûȥһ
͹ݵǰһղ࣬Ϊ͹ݰѺļ۸ǵһǵԵʣ򺺱˱컹Ҫһ㣬ȴȲ֮ǰŶӵ飬Ѿûˡ
˶Ժ飬ѾûôˣԶˣǶ뻹֪Ĵڡ
͹ԱЩģûʲôҲһ̲ţ͹ݴɨ˳Ⱦˡ
ҲͬԼڵſڲͣظ·Цǵ͹ݡ
ע⵽һĻɴͰѾװйӢģſ˵ʱá
ѧúģȻ̫ԣֱġޡð˹͡ôҲǻἸӢˡ
ѧ֮ԼԼ֮ǰ̫һˡٸЦٴ˵ѧӣǰֱͦ˺ܶࡣ
ǡͳһס
ƼһĻͦӵġ
ǸܴĺӣִãƾԼŬӦҲܹòʱֶʶ
̣ûʱ̣ʵҲûʱѧ
Ӣûʱ䣬̹֮󣬾ϸ¥æ
̿һŰֽһȻסֽдǧ֣һ͹ȥˣȳԹ編ƣֻһװλдǧ֡
ǰǴװ޵ʱ򣬳ϰͷ϶ãҲûװλ¥µǿʵǰǽúû˼Ժ󣬳ϰ彫֮װܹҵǽװˡ
ʱѧˣѧ֮٣ĻȻôôܿҲǰϰʡǮˡ
źü죬Ƕڸ¥æģڳϰ壬ʱܡ
ڳһ¯ȻʱʱԼһ
ڹʵѾе翾¯ˣҪ򵽵翾¯ףˣĵѹܲȣʱϵ磬ҪҲ벻ãϰҲûڡ
ϰǳӳģտ˵ȻһȫµĳԣѲ˼ΣܿζĿˣǮһѼĴѧ˵㿾Ѽļɡ
䷽ǴǲԸ߳ϰģôϰ֪˼ѼҪô
տ飬ϰûõЩ֮еԱ֪ҲǳԣǱƹ
³ϰһʼⲢóԣҲ⣡
̶̼죬;Լˡ
ͬʱڳϰҲһ£õԼĵһнˮ
ЩڴЩᡣ


27 ־
ϵ͹֮, ǰһȽӢġ
͹ݻû, ԱǶڵæ, Ǵɨ߰ˣĿʱʱ, ۡ
ѾĿ⿴˺ü죬ҲûĲϰߡ
˵ʹЩ˼ΣҪҪһѧЩûһӦ, ˵ԼĶʶ϶ѧġ
Դͦεġ
ϰѵõش͹ݡ
⼸ǳæ, , һȦؾ
ЦеؿˣŶС, һ¡
塣ЦŸϰ˸к
С£Ѿһˣнˮϰ˵žóͲֽõԪ
, ˡ֮ǰùһͲԪ֪һͲԪʮ, ˣͲԪʮ
֮ǰϰŵӹʣˣҲûһ¶ʮ֮ࡣ
͹ݵװ޻ûԺǻҪǮ͵ǰĹǮϰ
֮ǰװ칦ãζҪûôˣ֮½½ģ˵ҲҪæһ¡
ǾллˡҲ飬ֱˡ
ܿõѣӦòȱǮ϶ǮҲܿԣЩеס
͹ݵװޣʹԺʱʱġ͹ݣʵкĸ顣
ȥ¥дɣҪԷҽ㡣ϰֵ
ûܾͷӦˡ
͹ݵװȻûģѾͼϰ彲ˣǽϵװλҲѾȫãε¥ϣֻҪдԼˡ
ǽƾԼŬõ˹һʦͣʼƴѧϰ֪ʶҲʱŮǡ
ѧⲿС˵Ѿ½ȥˡ
˵ΪûǣûõѣĺԼȴѾǩƣҲȫȥı硣
дһ֮Ѿдˡ
罫޸һ£ͿܳһȥˡȻⲢϾǱѾֵĸˡ
ʱˣȳϰ¥
ʱʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ȥæȴָòԼ
ûôæˣֻҪӺСžУõ˾еֶ࣬ھԼƼú¯ŵˮˣᵽȥͱŰѻˡ
ɴȥ˳
ϰڳ￾廨⣬廨гɱƬˢϲͬϺ濾ûһͿһӡ
ЦкС£ҿ廨⡣
ӦˣÿӼһƬԡ
˵廨ըĺóԣҲʵ˵ˡ
ҲζãϰĻܣҲ֪õĵô࣬ĥţǵըţҲܶŪζŵʲôģһҲóԡ
ǿЦϺʱǲģҲһ㲻ζʵױ˽ܡ
ϰ˼䣬ֵС£ȳԵ㶫ȻȥţԷ
ƹڵֻǮҲܸɵġڳ˷ͳȥƹƹȥԷ
ɵúܣڹ̨ǰռһ˵ǮƼҽˡ
ҽվڹ̨ǰЦˣ㵱ƹˣ
ûУƹȥԷˡҽҪʲô
һըšҽ
ҽǸը⼦ģĩ㹽ģϲ֣ʡ
Ǿ͸һİɡҽ
ЦӦˣһܿ˶˸ҽҪĶˡ
кˣһȻһʶˣǸǸһ糵ꡣ
Щ飬һ糵ʱˣʶģƼЦЦǴк
Ťͷȥ
ǸСһģʱһ͵Ҧ꣬ȥ˰
Ҫÿһըšһ˵
˵³˺һһ
ǽҦɫ΢䣬ըţĸǮ
ըǣһǣһСʮǡ
ҦıŻһ㣬óһԪǾ͸ըţĸ
涨һԪʮǣΪӺ͵Եʣձ鶼һԪͬʮǵģԪǮ˰Ԫȥϰ塣
Ԫ٣ԪûǸϰĿЩ˵ӥ
Ҧ㲻ըţʡ
ҽ첻Բ¡ҺըţײըҲûʲôҦ
Ҳǡͷ
ǵĶܿˡ
͵꣬θõʱ򣬵ǵĴŴ磬ӦǸѧѧѧθڣȻȲЩɻˡ
Ҫ˺ְըײͲ˳֮ͱˣȫûȥòǮԣһ굹ǳ˼ȴѳʣˡ
ϰѾԺóˣϲĿˣ⼸ĿǴ顣
ȴЩп
ԿⶼϲЩأһٷܳԵʮǮ
ʣһЩˣ뿪õӲˣȥ˸¥ϣ磬Լдһ޸ĺãȻܳǧ֡
ֶˡ
ûڵԼĸӷŽƵĲ֮󣬾ͱŲ뿪ˣ˼ҡ
ؼҵ·ϣͭԪӷڻ
Ⱥģ֮⣬ͲԪͦõġ
ĺ飬ڻصԼסĵط֮󣬾ȫʧˡ
ҦҵԺӻһ·Ǯ͵ģҶӸҵģ
ӳȥɻܹҲһ£ôһܴôǮһûǮ㲻͵ģģ
Ȼֻ仰µȴҲѾ˽⣬ɫһƿҦҵĴž˽ȥ
ҦҵԺ£˲ˣµضѷһЩ²վԺм䣬Ǻһߵӡ
û͵ǮǲҪѪˣ²˵ĳ˿תͷϦͿ
磡²֮ǰͦոսȭͷһҪȥƴӣʱȴͻȻ
ô£վ²ˡ
ͦģ֮ǰ˵л˲඼ڣվǰģǸƣƤû̫̫ĶӰɣҿҲʲôöĲ֪ڸʲôǲҼסˣ̸ҹȥ
ƾʲôµķǶˡңǵǮǣ²ֿۡһ˳磬͵ǮǵǮˡ
˵²
ʲôݣҵǮˣ͵˭͵ģû̫̫
ǰҿСѾͷҦ̫̫ȥˡ֮ǰ͵ֻ˵
Ҳ׷װǻ
ҲӰ˵һ䣺Ҧ̫̫Ǯ˵ڱĵطˡҪҪȥң
ҵǮһ֪ܲҦ̫̫һۡ
ǰ˸֮Ӷ¼ұҵ﷿Ҧ̫̫㲻˵ˡ
Ҧҵķ˵һ㣬ʤڱˣǲߵġ
ͲȥЩˣֻ²Ľ֪ͣԭǷҦ̫̫ǮôҲţȻͻǼҡ
ԭ򡭡ǰ֮ǰûǮ飬Ǽҵͷɣǵġ
²һȥˣ˻Ҧ̫̫ѾǵķţѲǼˡ
ЩõĶᵽԺҦ̫̫ѳԪǮ
һûؼһԪֵԼ壬ʱǼҾһЩʮԪǮ֮һЩûԱʱ֮衣
Ǯڱ˳͵Ǯ֤ݡ
ˣʱûǮһʱûҵʵĵطûаᣬȴô벻ΪûߣȻ¡


28 Ҧ
ֱַӴ˳⻧, ⻧͵Ǯ飬ִǲܷ, 㷢Ҳý, ֻҪˡ
ʱ֪϶ûá
ڣһҸҦҶϣԻԿϾҦһֱ, ϶ǰҦҵģס⻧ҲվҦǱߡ
һȴԮ
ʲԸЩҵǮ
ƾʲô˵͵ģҦ̫̫
Ҧֻ̫̫ʣûݣ˵е©, ⲢӰ£˿СѾͷȥˣ͵˭͵ģҪû͵Ǯ, Ԫģ
˵, ָһ򿪵Сӣһۺõıֽֽͷһ鲼Ԫӡ
ԭĻǿ鲼Ǯ, Ȼ֮ڱֽġ
ֻſڿûȥû͵Ǯ²ŵ
֪û͵²²Ʒ, οҪ͵˵͵Ǯǣҵ, һֱˣȥҷ䵹͵Ԫû˷֣
Ҧ̫̫ɫһƱôСһˣûҲ
ЦһԪأ㶪ɲֹ
ʣµҲǴӱ͵ġҦ̫̫ŭ
ϣҼҲǰҲһԪأ֮ǰֻǱҼǿȥƺˣ룬ָǱ͵ˡͻȻ
⻰òУ̵ģ˭֪˭ҪǮµֶ֪ˣܲġ
ӵӣûզˣԵҲʲôûɫŮȥСĻǮ
죡
С¸ʲô㡭Ҧ̫̫Ļǲ
ҼҵǮǴ͵ġǣЩѵҲ͵ģ˵ţԼͲԪó𿪣ӽԼǸ򿪵ӡ
Ԫžһ죬ŵİ׻ĹâǰЩ˵۾ֱˡ
Ҧ̫̫ԭҪˣƼЩ˵ĻʱͶĺڣûݵͣ鼫Ϊ졣
ԺͻȻû졣
һſжʮԪɣǴĶŪģ
ʮԪʱڵĹʵҲ൱ִİǧǮ࣬ǱЩԶٷʮԪͻȥˡʱƿƣҪ߿Ǯ
ͬģΪƶʱͨձûʲôģ׬ǮһԹùͲʣʲôˡ
˵һңǼǿԣģһ굽ͷҲܲ¼ǮҦҡǼз룬ҲͬûлģȻҦ̫̫ҲΪԪ󶯸ɸꡣ
Щ˵ʮԪĳν
һʮСӣϾȻôǮ
ǰˣƫ㲻鷳طǾԲסˣ
ԺЩ˵ԼĪģҲ֪ӵˣӲֻҪסǣǺͺðˡ
ǮΪסЩˣ𡰳塱Ϊ֪ԼһߣҲǹԮ
еģʵҲסˡ
ǴСסĵطҪ·ϲС˷˵ֲˡڳѾǸдˣ׺ܿͻǡȫסȥ
ЩӦ֪Լӹ͹ݵϰ庰壬һ䵽زȷʵΪǮԵʣԼӰЩһ˵ôˣСѧдţʱҲҪҪ취ϵѧӲ˵ԸҲԸϵ
߰ɣװǮӣȥ
²ʶظȥҦ̫̫ЩˣȻûȥ
ʵҦ̫̫Ȼһʼˣ˱˵ĲѲӣǼԪʱ֪ǲԼˡ
Ԫǰµӥ󣬵ԪȴһɫոµԬͷ
ȷʵǮͿĸˣɴͳûԼǮҲ
Ϊʲô񡭡񳤵ľˣԼóԺúȵģһּ֪ҵŮˡ
ֻǣ֮ǰҿտڰ׻Ϊһûпɽ۸ڡ
һСӣûôԪſڳտڸס
ԭŵûˡ
˵һǴ𣿡սս˵
˵˱׳ˡ˵
ʲôģʲô׳ӵǶԶŮϸƤӣǴӻʶ֡ĸܶ飿
Ӳ֨ˡߣҦҲӵѧãҲֻ꼶Լϵ֣϶ûԺٴֽࡣ
Сӣģ˵ӾΪģҵùǮġֵ
¶ŮģŮһҺõ㣬˵Ժи컯
ϧΪﲻһԶΪͺϵֺҲûô˵
һƣ뵽ԼôùôЩȴʲôûУ̹ˣǰ죬һӴ͹ݴ˵İأпˣȫҶ˳رóԡ
˵İӣЩˣܶ綼ûȥģֻмҸһƬô˵һͺ
֪¼Сôб£Ǿ͸ùϵˣǼĺӣܸѧģܸ
ʲôˡ¼˵ĶԺأǸġ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ϺͶ׵ģǲǻˣô죿ӵĵ˵һ˵һ߿Ҧ̫̫
Ҧ̫̫Ϊûݣݽȥ촽õô죿ûǣѲˣҲץҡ
ѲǱ߲еģʵֻо֣ҽйˣܽоΪѲ
Ҧ̫̫ôһ˵ҵľͶӵĿʱڴ﷭Щ棺Щұأⱻӡۿ޻ģ
ǹҲµģҲµģú¯һú¯ҪǮأ
ȥɣҦ̫̫
ҪһǱǸߵģЩȻԹϷˣ֮ǰ˵ЩҦ̫̫㲻Щˡ
ԺģҦ̫̫ùЩȻ˼ңһţͿԼĶϱŮߡ
컹ûأʲô򣡡Ҧ̫̫һͻȻֶסԼĶϱˣҵԪǲ͵õģ
ûСҦ̫̫æ⡣
һˣõ˭õģҦ̫̫ǣһҶڼңܹ֪ģοһֱ˩šˣǧѷҰǮ
ûУһֱŴ椶ߡҦ̫̫
Ҧ̫̫ѹԼĶϱ
ãһֱͨŪõű򿪣ͣ쿴Ž꣺꣬ˣ
ҦҵլгϵǰţҲгĺţӺųȥҲһŪá
Ѽķȥ֮Ҧ˽ͶߺˣǰЩ⻧һߡ
ȻˣʵٳšҦ̫̫ԴҦҰ䣬Ͳ˼ȥԼЩϽˣݶԸ߶Ҧ̫̫մŮߣҲûС
ҲҦ꣬ÿ춼ȥѧ
ҦꡰšһЩôˣô򣿡
Ҧ̫̫ҦĻ̾ͰˣȻȥ˷
Ҧ̫̫ŮѾ˺ܾãҦˣܳϷ
Ҧ̫̫֮ǰȥԼСӱ˳
⺢ӻϵʱҦ̫̫ɷѾϴˣͷ˻Ҧ̫̫Ҳ֪ǲΪ⺢ǸɵģڶˣҲ˵
Ҳޡ
ǸɥǣҶӣôҦ̫̫Сֹһ䡣
Ҧ̫̫ͷ˵
Ҧߵ֪ҦݣѾ֪ˡ
֮ǰװǮӣ²ҦҴ֮ô죿
²ǼҵĶǵı·ûó
Ҹطס£Щ·һûġúܣһ˶뱻Щռˡ
һ²Ѿǳˣô˵̾ͷĺܶࡣ
ղ˵ĳǵϰɣǰߣдˣͻȻ¡
Ҹղ˵ŻǵġϰѹͲ֪ҵ顣
ԭͷ
²
ЦЦӻóӣһһʣµǸԼҧһڣȳԵ㶫Ȼȥ糵
һʱûеطȥ룬ȥ˵
һΰãΪǱùݵĵط
²Ĳڳ֮˺ܶ࣬ʱ
֮ǰҦԺʱȻ²һЩ⣬кܶ鲢˽⡣
²Ҳȥϸ˵˵
꣬ҦҶʲô
²ȻҦҵԺΪҦ˲ô˵Ҧҵ˽ⲻࡣ
Ǻô֪һЩ˵Ҧ̫̫Ƣãֱ˵Ҧ̫̫߻ǳãŮҲǼߵġ
磬ҽϾǿһҦ廨²
²񵥶ţûʲô²ÿͿյúܣ죬пҦҵĴţ͹ȥ˿
ʱûҸҦ˵
²㡣ǾǾǺ۸۸ǵġ
²üô
ܶ˶ҪΪʵ֪ڣʳ֪衣Ǵҵ϶Ҳû˻
²̾ʣ磬仰ʲô˼
͸
ߵ糵վ֮󣬵˺þãһ糵ȴǴ߿ģҪ翪ġ
糵Ŵ򿪣˴ӵ糵оҦꡣ
ɫԵʣҦûע⵽һ³ˡ
Ҳûдк˼Ҧ껹û糵ƱԱ졭ƱԱ£ʱЩ˿ġ
ղǸˣҦ̫̫Ĵӣ֮ǰġ
ʲôһ
˵ǾҦ̫̫Ĵӣ˵ѧ㱾ҲڶѧģûáԹ԰ȴͻȻͨ˺ܶ顣
ڵ糵վˡӱҦ̫̫ĳӡ˽ǳ󷽵˳Է
ҦȻÿкü룬ҪһѧѧЩѵģ϶̫ǮáǮͳԷ
Цˡ


29 ׼
Ļ˾ӦùԼ, ûǮúӹʲô
е¡
ҦҵǮ, Ӧþ͵ġ
ôܣǸˣ
²Ҳ죺, ˵Ҧүĳɼɺˡ
˳ɼãƷûϵǸ˲ͰǸϳˣ
˵Ǹˣѧˡôһ˵, ²һ񡭡ʵһֱԼ䲻ѧѧϲԼѧӲãҲǲӦõġѧȷʵԡ
, Ϊʲô˵͵ǮҦҵү²ʡ
ҼܶΡԼ֮ǰҦ˵ˡ
ȷţҦ̫̫ûƭ, ĶǮ, ǿ϶Ǳ͵ˡ
ҦҰѴ󲿷ֵķȥˣԼҾסӣϸ¥Ҳļݣ֮, ǼҳҦŶ飬˼ġ
Ҳˣⷿס֪ҪǮڽҦҵǮܲҷŵİɣ
, ǮǲģҪȥ͵Ǯ̸ף
Ҧ, ͸ˡ
֮ǰʱӡǮ˼ҵСүΪʲô
²ȥ飬ص˽ʱѧѡʱȥӶֻ̹ѧСѧһ꼶ÿѧѧԪ鱾㣬һҲųе𣬶ֻúӶ꼶ҲΪ꼶֮ѧѾҪǼˣÿѧҪԪࡣ
⻹ǽʦȫܱ֤ѧУ
ѧУû˵ģ˵ѧҪˡ
ѧһѧڶҪʮԪѧһѧѧ˵ҲҪʮԪϡ
⻹ǲԷֽġ
Ҧҵأ
ҦҵķǮմһ°˿࡭Ҫ֪ȥϰӵʱ򣬳ϰĹǮһ°˿顣
Ҧ̫̫ŮŮ׬Ǯ׬٣
ĳ̶רŵģִӻɵġϰĳϰѵպõˣҲ׬ԼĺǮ
Ͼƽ˳ԷҪǮģǵҹ㣬ҲҪÿ¸Ǯ
ȻˣҦҪѧҲǲУֻҪӶ£֪ʡˡ
֮ǰӱԹҦҵĶǰǵʱ򣬲û¡
ȻҦ겢Ǹʡġ
Ĵһֱˣδ
СӶ飬ÿ춼ûؼҵĹͷװһͷŵ̲㣬ȥѧУ緹ģ˼ǮҦꡭԵġ
Էɲˣ˵Ҧ껹Ǯ򿾺˿ĳʳ
ôһ㣬ɲֻǮ˼Ҳó
ҦأҦͱϵɱҦ̫̫ɷܹˣ˵滹Ƿծأ
⺢ôҦһͿΣҦ̫̫ŮƼݵģ滨һͳԷ꣬̾ͶҦ겻
²ҲҲ̫ˣ
Ӳ̸֮ҪΪĽ⡣
ҲǵģǸӡˡӲ̸֮˼
һȺŮɻʡԼùӻԼôѡ⺢Ҫᶼѡ
簮ĺӣȻؾü˾͸ΪףΪȻҲͲ֪¼ˡ
˵ֿ꣬񣺡ԣ뷨øĸģҪԼң
ͷ
û˵ʲô
ԸʵҦҵŮûʲôֻûôءֵͬʱһֱŬı
ʮִ꣬ܶ͵˶û顣
мʮĴܹɲܱЩ˼ˡ
²񣬶ɰСԺҪǲǿҲ̫ϧˡ
ֵһ糵
Ѿûȥˣȥʱ򣬳ϳǾһ˿͡
ƱԱʱʶġ
㰡ôô˻ȥ磿ƱԱ˸к
ҪȥסˡЦЦ
ǺܺðƱԱֺ˼䡣
ʱ²ȴǶڵ糵һҶ
ڱʱ򣬾û糵ӱҪģֲܶĳӣǻǵһ
ӵţҹɿغƣһǺܲ
ǱߣкܶԿϷĵطʱҴȥϷɫ˵ֶϷȻʵûȥ
Ϊһңı¾΢õһϢ֮ܽıһ˵Ļɫġǰ͹ݵĿֶϷ
ʱ򻹲ֶϷʲôСָ֪ȫŮݵϷ綼ݵģϺеԽ磬ȴȫŮݵġ
۾ˣСʣûСɽ
ʵϷﶼôϷܹеģնУ
ʱ
糵һխխĽֵ硣
һ֮ǰŪýȻͬĵط
²߸ߴ¥·ƣβס𾪡
磬Щǵ氡²
ʵԭܼ򵥣Ժѧѧ֪ˡ֪ν̵ģǻѧν̵ģϾǸ
Ҳ˵ûϹѧδϵͳѧЩ֪ʶ
ѧ𣿡²ʡ
ȻܡЦЦǰȥ
²֮ǰͿǹҪôˡ
Ҫȥҳϰ壬ַˣϾ鷳˼Ҳã;ùסȻӡ
ϵֵͦģʱʱлưŴſ·߹
˳Ŵ·ǰߣһ֮󣬾Ϳһùݡ
ûȥǮסǼ֣ƽĻΧһֱϰסĵطҲǣùݲʲôװݻƵ꣬ʵͦƵġ
֮󣬾ͿһӵŸ¯ڹ̨棬˵Ҫס꣬͵ͨһһǣ̵ͨĻҪһ㡣
ͨǺܶһסģȻŮֿȾͱˣ
ķ䣬һĵ˼䣬Ҳһķ䣬ٺõľûˡ
ʱùûб׼棬еķ䶼һŴģдС룬ĽǮҪ˵ĵ˼䡣
ϰëǮѺëǮѺȻ͸Կף϶¥ȥס
ԿǻͭģϵһӣϹľƣһдˡһдˡʮһ
ù濴ͦСķ䵹ͦġ
²¥Ȼеɵˡ
¥ϵĹһյСƣſšдšķǰš
û취ȫ򿪡
ܽȥȥһͿһװ룬һװС䣬ûдһԼĪһ׿ĴϵıͷһͰ⣬ûκζ
Щͷࡣ
ȷԼû취ĴȥġԼıӣûʲôԼ˯ģֱӡ
ȥһ䡣
²ȥһ䣬ǸΪڽ΢һ㣬иʵҲû١
⡭ҪëǮеۣʵǿԲ˯ˡ
̫ˡȻԼӷڴϴ򿪡
ӾҦ̫̫˴ﳭģԭűֽĻӽȥʮǮжʮˡ
ûǮֻǰıֽóǰѱֽڴϣ·ȥԼ϶Ǽ㱨ֽѱӸϡ˯ɾ㡣
ⲻǰѱֽ̣𣿡ֽ˵ͦġ
ЩֽҶˣֵǮ
һЩֽ²˯һҪ˨ţȻԼȥһ䡣
ͬ˱ֽ¾˯
ΪԼֵط˯ţû뵽Ȼ˯úܺãǰҹܴ˺üΡ
ڶһñֽԼЩԪһ÷ŽԼĿڴ
Ԫֱӷڿڴ׷ײʱ˺ܴһ֪ײԪģ˵졣
ҲǷǱֽǲûʲô춯
Ԫպãȥ²ķţ񣡡
²̾Ϳ˷š
ȥԵ㶫Ȼһ£ȥӣǡ
²ͷӦˡ
ùݸг͵ĵطһͭԪ룬ͷ̲˰һͭԪ֮⻹һͭԪһĶɳ
ΪɳҪͲźóԣļ۸񣬺һġ
Ҫ붹ͷҪӣһͭԪ
ߵĶûп˵ֱӸ̶
׷һ׽ͣһСեĩһС״лһЩгСεȻҨϹ̵ĶȥòС
˺ܿͰԼǷݳˣͳ˸ӣͶˣڳôʵûмҪ
ʱǽʡһȽϺá
ùݵķǿס磬Ҫ绹ߣҪǮˡ
²ùţԼȥ˴ڱı༭
༭ı༭ǻûϰֻ࣬Ǹְˮɨ
˿ͦ˵ģ͸ˣܱһֱأ
ǶŰɡЦ
ǡС˵ĺܺÿЦЦҪҪˮ
ãһ㡣
ʲô£һŽȻú¯ˮһ衣
֪з𣿡ʡ
༭ĹԱǱˣҪⷿʲôģͦá
˵ΪʱıֽڱֽϵǹҲԵʣʱڱֽϿӳĹ棬ֵֻǹķӴͦҲ֮ǰûǡ
ҪⷿӣҪģʡ
̫󣬵Ҫ䡣
סһ֮ǰиҪ⣬Ͳ֪ҵ⻧ûС˵Ȼȵȣܱˣǡһ򲻹Щ£֪Ĳࡣ
˿϶ùЩ֮ⷿ飬⣬͵
ŵܱ࣬ˣһ;ϲиˣҡ
Ѿˣˣдһ顭ӵٶȼ죬һ֪ʱдֵġ
ʱܱĻ㽫ԭԼдһܱࡣ
ܱӹӣȲؿ
һܱſӣдúãдãԺ飬һҪһղأ
¸ӣվ˼үһһֵĸӵİɣ
ϡ
ǺãͿʼǣܱ
ܱ࣬ʲôѾ𣿡и༭ˣ仰ʵ
ƪ¸ܱ
Ǳ༭ı༭˰УŰ棬ԼҲддӵġ
ҪȻڱôˡ


30 ö
ܱԡѧƪС˵, ˵ԽԽϲ
ⲿС˵ɶԺǿ, ˽⵽εġ
˵, ǰԹȫ˽⣬ֱⲿС˵֪һЩ, ˵ԭҲˣԭЩôǹҵˡ
ţڵκһʶ֮ʿڿⲿС˵֮󣬶ид
Ǳ硭˵ҲΪⲿС˵ı䡣
Ҫһʼϵĸ̫, Ϳˣ
ܱľ˵һϢ
ⲿС˵һʼ, иˡ
Ȼ, ڴ֮ǰҸס
ܱ֪֪ⷿϢ
ЩҲ֪һˣϢΪܱͨùһֽ, ʼд֣˽з֣иڻŽзͨƽͿ׬Ǯ򷿻ⷿ, ҪȥĻÿȥȻ, ϶ֳųԾȥˡ
ӹֽܱдַ˵滹ܱдһλҵˣҪӣд
֮ǰȥҹ˸ҪĽţƾһġ
лֽܱ࣬ˡ
ܱܵסڱ༭Զ֮󣬷һͦլӣųţߣͿ졣
˶ڳ̣Ūģǳòɷִֺ̡̣
ʣʲôģ
ҷҪӡڱܱҹġ
ʻ˵ĵҾǷ֣Ҫʲôķӣ
ͰԼҪ˵ˣҺҵĸ׻һסҪ䣬ÿ
˵Щûʲô˼Ԥ٣ʡ
ϣÿԪ¡
۸񣬿϶⵽ӵģ⣬ҪСһ㣬棬һġֵҴȥɣ
ߣ⸽һӣʮӿһӣ󻹴磬һСԺӡ
ǰķӶ󣬶ǸһģǴСԺȴͬŶ
ȻˣԺӺС
ԺҲǴŪýȥģžһԼ׶࣬׵ԺӣԺӺ䷿
һ˸иţŽȥ䣬һûмҾߣյģи¥ݿ¥Ÿ񷿡
¥ȥҲӣеͰҲ󣬵Ѿ㹻滹ֱһŴһ嶷
ⷿõӲһסҲոպãһ۾ϲˡ
ⷿԪֵסԱߣֱӾȥ
ֿ֪Լϲⷿˡ
Ҳȷʵⷿӡ
Ҧķӣ൱ӵһ룬ҪһЩԪĽǣԪ֮е󣬵ĽܷΧ
һҲӦõġ
ˬ˷ӣɷˣǩԼһµķԪѺԪ
˷һԪǮл
ǮǸһ磬ǻؼȥ
һ磬Ȼȥ²
һֱùţĻﶼûȥ֪Ѿ˷ӣܸˡ
ȥԵ㶫Ȼȥǵķӡ
²Ȼû˵ĳ԰ɣʡһ㡣
СС·ߵ̯ϳһ㣬ȥ
ʱܳԵʳ಻࣬תһȦȥϳ͵ĵطϵһݣͷ
ڶúˣܶͷ
˳꣬˰Сʱŵס
ȥ֮ϲѣⷿÿ
²Ҳһˣͷڴа
֮ǰҦǱߣһģܲ㣬ͲһˣԼã
ʰһ£ȥǵĶû
²뿪ʱǮûˣ
᲻һǮЩʵֵ̫࣬Ҳܱ˱ˡǴҪҪġ
ôҪҦǱסĶʵͽͨգûʲôͷŻһ¾ˡ
ȥæٶະһȥʱ˶࣬ҦǱߵ˿϶ʲô۶ӡ
˾͹ݶȥĹ
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ˣֻǮѾǴˣ
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Ҳǣһ˲ףǸҪҿѡǮǳԲ裡Ҳ
Ҧ̫̫ˣӹͦãҪȻҲΪǮ󶯸ɸ꣬ⶼԸˣԸʲôԲǮ
ǰվôʮˣǱصġ
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û뵽Ҧ̫̫Ȼô̡ʶ
Ҧ̫̫æҸǮߣڸҪĳԲǮǲ⻰Ǯġ
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糵һվ̴ӳȥȻһ̵ˣ»ؼˣҰѸõƽѧȥҪ



31 ѧ
ܵ÷ǳ, е㷴Ӧ
Щ硱ˣǶϰΪ, Ȼ͵ĸ綨˺ܶ߰Ĺ涨, ̫ȥ
ԻǸŽܺӡеЦ
Щ󣬵һֱǰЩ˵ӿ, Ȼ̫ƽϣԸˡ
˵ҦҲû̫ҦôҲûϵ, ĵʵҦ̫̫
һ㣬ҪҦ̫̫ϸ͵ĺڹ, Ǯϳȥˣ
ǻĸܵúϣʡ
Ҳûа, ƽѧҲܡú¯
Ƕûĸ磬˵رᡣһ˵
ҿͦ, ֮ǰ˵Ҫҡô磿
ʵҲûô֮ǰ˿˴ˣؼҾͱһ١˵
ļ򣺡ĺˣ粻ġ
Ķ, һ˵һߣ, Щɱ˵Ҫ˵ģ
һ˵ȻָָһԺӵſڣҼҾߣǰѶˡ
ãЩ׷׵Ѷˡ
ҼʲôûУͲǽȥˡ˼ЦЦ춼ˣǿЩȥɡ
Щһ磬ͶˣŻؼҳԷʱҲˬط¶׷׸ǡ
ǰѶȫˣԱߵԺȥָһưʣưλģܰ㶫𣿡
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ҵģҪʲôһǽǣŸʮʵ
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õĶ࣬ûеģأǱЩе
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оӻ᲻ᱻ˯ˣЩġ
ҲһϣġͬʱҲĥţӦȥ㲼ס
֮ǰΪͷԣ̥׸ӣ߰Ӻ̥ϾֱӸˣҪϴĻ鷳껹ʣ¸̥ãԺٶӸףϴͼ򵥺ܶࡣ
Ҫִ֪һôŶҪһδ׵ġ
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ʱǮסڸڵķ˵׺̲ˣѾ÷ˣһ׷̲ˡ
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Ǻܶ˴ѧŮӣΪһֱܵĽԵʣҲܽԼɷбŮˡ
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ԣ鲻дĲҪ֪ǰд飬ôдģָ飬ܱʿһ䡣ܱ
ʿԽԽԾˣǴڱʿͦõģǾ֪һЩײ͵ĶһŮ˿޿䣬һ˴ɱɱ
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32 æ
͸䵽ϵġ
, Ϻ߾Ѿв֮ҼһǷ, òˡ
֮ǰҦ, סǸƫֽģȴͬ, Ҷװ˲ġ
ĥţӦȥŪѴϣȻ̫ˡܿʶûбҪ
Ǽҵˣġ
¥ͷѾˡ
, Ժˡһ˵һƿǸҨࡣ
ాĺճ, ֮, ƮһͣһˡĴ롣
࣬, Ҵȥ߰ɡ
²ڸһȦ
ס˺ܶ࣬ڸһӱߣʱũԼֳ߲۸ͦˡ
Ȼ, ߲˼۸ˣҲйء
Ϻ, ̫ȣܶ˶ãܳԵ߲˵Ҳ٣췴ܲݫĴʲôĶˡ
Ȼˣʱ߲ƷҲҪһ㣬ܲҲȱ
˪ܲǳ
Ժÿ춼ʵĲˣﲻҪ̲ˡ
˲Ͷóԣ̲˱˻óԣΪʲô̲ˣ񲻽⡣
ʱ˿û̲˲֮ĸ͵ƵĶǲܳԣԶ˲ã١
£һ
С϶˵
ԺǲƵˡԼǲںٲ٣ǲԸԼĶŮٵġ
ٳԵ㻹ǿԵġЦЦһǮһũʮ
ΪûֳʱļͦģЩͷСһǮҲʮ
ţݫ񣬳˼ƶԱߵ̯ϸ˵⡣
ܵģֻëǮ
Ǩ¾ӵĵһ죬ԺõҲӦõġ
궫Ҳ˾ŵ㣬кͳȥˡ
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ȥ͹ݡ
Ҳһûȥ͹ݣһжϤӣҲЩһ
͹ݵԱһõڣ˶һսսӣ϶ǻкģɽֻһۣȻԼǼӢϵ˴к
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˹ǿϰɫ̫ãŻӡ
壬ôˣĵʵ
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ҶҲȥѧˣһǵĹҺϰ棬϶ܿˡ
ų´һųѡ
ǣҶӴĺܡСʱҵĲ͹ݸտûʲôˣſ尢̵غԷϰԼͷҲˡ
š
ϰ彲˺ܾã˼ЦЦ˵е࡭ǻ˵С˵ɣСһҪ
壬ѾˡЦЦ
߳ϰС˵дģϰķӦôǲ˼˵ˡ
ָϰ˼䣬͹ûʲôҪԼæģ͸뿪ˣ뿪ǰϰһƽѧ
ƽѧﲢԶǸܺõѧУϰ˺ܶ꣬ƽѧͦ˽ġ
ƽѧλ磬۸˵ѧ֮һ
ͷСѧܶǲģҵʦֶ࣬շѱˣѧȴѧʦôҲҪʵѧС
ˣѧУĿ֧ʹˣѧȻҲܱˣƽѧÿѧѧֻҪʮԪ۸쳣͡
⣬ҪΪѧУԼǮԵʡ
ȻˣһѧҪȥסƽѧÿֻһѧҪͨԲܽ
ѧУʩģʦҲûãΨһŵѧѱˣȻԵѧܶ࣬ȴǼҾһģѧҲձ
СҪѧУȥϰ
ҲһǱ߶顣
ϰƽѧ˵ķǳã˵ֻпԲܽջǸܺӵ˵ѧУġ
ȻˣҲ֡
˽ѧУкſߵġ
ųϰĵַƽѧȥ·ϣסһͯһݴڱ
ڱôǮʱ򣬱ͯʵ
رãҿҪˣȥõ㡣ͯЦֽΪ˿ѧĹ£Ҳɣ
šӦˣá
Ŵڱһ·ߵƽѧſڣͿһȦЩͷΧǽΧǽͷмЩ˵ɽ̾ţЩͷĽ
⽨ʽǰǴ˼ҵáʱĴ˼ң޽õϰߣܶ඼Լ޽ִƯúܿ죬ܶ˼һСľͰˣҲȥ;
ȥʱϿΣѧУĴҲš
ſõСŸȳȵͷú¯ˮ
ãͶ鷳㽻𣿡ʡ
ʡ
ǴҺǸ
˵УѶ°ɣҵ¸
лóԼӼʱŵıֽ͸Ǹˡ
¶뿪ˣʱƽѧĳҵ󣬸͵͵ıֽ
ǱֽǴڱģ濯ǵġѧ
ĴԣϲĴдĿĹ£ڱһҲֻصĴС˵ǲȤġ
ѧһ
Ҳ֪ô£ڴڱı༭Կ˵֮󣬾̲סһֱšƫƫڱ༭˲
ΪŻ⼤ӡ
첢ûõӣǽڴڱ濴ⲿС˵
ͷβ˺ü飬ĳȡ
Լ˽ҲҲɳһҵԼҪĻᣬһļ
ôţһڿֱȥˡ
һ¿Σȥر˭졣
ԺʼУͣ
ؼˣֱһ٣ֻҪ뵽͡ѧĸ;Ƕֵõġ
Ƕ𣿽ڴϵʱϰʳӣ
˵ˣ콵˹Ҳؽǣշ
磬ȵȡСܸ˳磬˵ǸѧÿԺһҲҪѧ
ãʱһȥ
磬ر뿴ģֽҪŵǡ磬ĻѺĸ𣿡
һġظԼˣɲñ˿
ģʱ˭й¶ȥǾͰ߳໢ٺݺݽѵһ٣˵
ͬصͷ
ʱѧУ￴ŵͷ㶫
ԼĶѣ˹ȥأ
ŵͷóһֽ
Ǳֽıֽ걨ӹʣ˭ҵģ
Ǹһꡣ
Լһģһ˵úܣɿزϵıֽ
Ϊֽ棬Ҫĸӣʵϡ
ëǮ𿪰˺üıֽȻֻмҵëǮ
ʲô˼ΪʲôҸӣëǮɻ
磬糵Ǯġߵ˵ϸһȥʮˣ·ѶʮͭԪʱǸġ
ҪǸӣʲôֲȱëǮ
磬ܸûиӣ֪ģǸˣʶ֣ҪŪӲסߵֵ˶ͬӡҲܺá
һúеǲˣҲǡҲ̫ܶˡҵ·ѧȥһˣܲܰǸүܸʶ
ëǮŽڴʲôؽ˸ӳȻȥŵͷˮ
ѧУҪˮ¿ڿͷӵģȵȺˮǳ
֪ҪʶѧߣͲµӦûԼ
ûЩԼңԸҲġ
ҪѧĸӣûӦҪҲܸëǮȥԺǾûϵˡ
øһˡֶв˵ܺӣ͸ܵѵ
磬˰׷ͳ˼ˡ
ر㣬Ҳóԣ˴˸ɸɾȻͰѳԷİʰɾʼдС˵
㾡ѡѧд꣬ȻдС˵ϾںȱǮ
ǡΪһִԽˣĹдĹµд
дһ磬дǧ֡
ǻдһ㣬дˡ
һдȼۣѹдã϶дġ
˵ǧ֣дʱм䶼ǿտһЩģΪ˷ɾġ
ͬڲͬĳϸ˵ʲôĻ֮࣬ȿʼдʱǲܿܵ
д꣬Ѿˡ
֮ǰҦǱߣΪʳĵȱͳصƣĳչֲ˺ܶʳ֮ĳվͱ׵չֳ
ѻƶˮһر㣬֮⣬ܲ˿һˣζ
һ뷹Ȼʼֱ뷹²ϿΡ
ʱСѧαãû̲ģˡ
ѾѡһġЩȫˣֽˡá֡Ŀ֮˳д˳˷ھǣ͹ſھȥ
䣬ⲻָϴĴ׶Ѿˣϣ˯˸ɸɾıѡ
Ѿ죬ԺһԽԽá
ȻˣмҪϣȥҸҽġ
дѧ£ддЩϸڿˣЩϸǸỷصģú죬ȥʸҽ
ڶһ磬ͳˡ
ڸҽҽֱȥȻ˸ҽ
ҽѾڰˡ
СܼªβֻԺ
Щ˶ˣܶ¥û˿ͷ
̫Ӷ𣬳Ժ⣬Ժ˶£ҲѸҽУƸһ⡣
ڰһʮ꣬õ˼ڡ
Ǵڿž˶ģȴɫظȥĸ⣬þƾٰɴ
ֻһĶ
ҽ˴˿ڣͿ
ôˣ𣿡ҽժӽԱߵͰһ˫ɾ֮ʵ
ʵ£żҽǰѧһҽ֪ʶҰɡ
ʲôҽʵ
ʵʲôӦܸ֡
òҽҽѧ֪ʶ֪٣ʵԼˡ
ӦҲܰ¡
˵ݸɴ߰һ˿ʲôġ


33 ȶ
ҽԻҪæϺܾ, ˼վţɴæ, ҽһ, ȥϴæǵö򼸴η
ӦˣԺˮԱ߱´ͷ, ú¯ˮȥˮϴ֣ŸҽĽԼֶϴ˼顣
û뵽㾹ȻԸȥϴҽЩȣ¶, ֵ֮ǰҲæϴ, ˡ
һЦˡ
ִ, ֪ܶҽѧʶ֪ҽԱһҪɾԸҽȥϴ־ȥϴˣ, ˵ñҽˣȻϴ
ʵϣҽҪϴѾҪˡҪӴ˿ڣִ϶ҪҽסȻ, ʱû
˵ҽ滻ףҲֻͨ޲ס
֪֮, ֪Լûӵ飬ټϸҽʵͱȸҽҪһҽ֣ҲûӲҪȥ
ȥ˿ЩŶӺĲˣ򵥲鿴ǵĲ飬һЩ顣
ǲҪԲɾĲ˿ʲôġ
˵˵㳣ʶ˿ûϲմˮ
ЩЩˣҲЩû£Ͼᣬҽ
ʱˣΪϢܶҽţǮֲмѵƣ˹˲࣬ܶ໹ڱ𴦿ˣűҽ̬ȹġ
㲡˲࣬ΪʱޣҽҲܸ˶ι
ģ֪ǽŶûֵһźƣٹβˡ
ϾǮģҽƵʱ򲻿̫ϸѾܸмˣи˾͵ҵˤȣ˵ҵҪûˣҺøҽˡˡ
ͦпġ
ִҲβ𲡵ģǶǴ󲡣һβҲҪҽʵ̫
һȦģֻصҽȥˣȻڸҽƵʱ򣬰ŸҽЩͣ︵ҽѯʲ˵Ĳ飬ˡ
ĲУ˵ͦеģ˿涼ˣЩ˵Ķ˵ҪûιƶûҸ㽲ɡ
󣬲ֹǸ棬ĲҲ÷ǳ棬ԸҽϵҲûôˡ
æ˲һСʱͽˣҽ·ϴ֣ϴϴ
ϴûãҽͳˣ߰ɡ
ҽֵҽʵϵˣǲŸҽһߣ뿪ģҲ͸ҽˡ
ҽôβĶ˵ģ뵽֮ǰЩˣЩ档
Ϊ˶˵ԱиСÿиСҽѿСҽ˺ҽЦ
ҽŵͦСģԱǸͥУ͵ˡ
Ѿʮ꣬ѧҽͽܣϺҽ֮һó˺ڿơ
ҽЩҽһȣȷʵᡣҽҲͶʮͷִƻڶѧ
ҽЦЦʣ˵ңҪʲô
Լʵ˳
ʵĶǹ飬ҽһһˣʣԹܸȤʵ⻹ʵϡΪʲô
ģҽдƪС˵Լдѧ˵ˡ
дС˵ҽЩȣܲбС˵ͦõġԺ⣬ҡ
ллҽ
Ҫ͹ݹҪдС˵æù𣿡ҽʡ
Ѿ͹ݹˡдС˵ˣԺ󿿸
Ҳáҽ
ߵúʱҲѾߵ˹ҽԺſڣҽǣȻȥ˴ڱ༭
ǧֵĸӹ⡭Ҳˡ
ͦģһʱڱı༭ֻһʵϰڡ
ԼҪһܱܵ࣬û뵽һȥͿܱ໹еı༭
Щ˿һ˹۷Ź⡣
С°ѧˣܱ༤ؿһǧֱֽȫˣ
ǵıֽûôùһ༭ҲϵõϢҼһ϶û˯ã
ļ򣺡С°ܲүдһ㣬дһ㣿
༭ֺģ˵һ֮ͨ󣬲㰲
ܱ˸ݲ裬棬ȻóոµԬͷ쿯ǵǧֵĸѡ
£ܱǧֵĸӣܱ࣬ǽȥĸӡ
ܱõӣȲؿſŻпѣԭĴѧġ
ʱѾùܶ࣬ͬһѧŽһһ֯
ƾԼı£֯ĸˡ
е˼ˣͦˬģ˿϶ЦΪǵĹһڹ⣬˵ӡ
һ£Ҹүдһţתܱ࿴꣬Ȼóֽʷɿд
ʱԼĪûеԣдֵԵʣдٶȶܿ죬ܱܿдһֽȻ֮ۺ÷һŷ
ܱǸæ͸ӵˣȻݼڶҲ˵̫࣬Ÿ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
Żؼң𿪿ˡ
ȿ˺ܳһܱȻͿܱһЩ
ܱϣܰⲿС˵дøһЩ
ܱ˵һڿһ֣ʮֵС˵ֻܿ£ع̫٣
ܱд˺ܶȰ֮ʣ󣬻ϣдøһ㣬ʾҪʶ
ܱ˵ĺܶԣհ졣
ʵʱڱֽصС˵кܶ඼ǳֵĲ٣кڷǳӰ˺ܶдС˵ߣ˳Ϊµһ顱ġɽİٶ֣ڱֽ˺ܶꡣ
ϵġѧдҲд
ѾԼĵڶˣдһβйصС˵־ͽСҽ
ȻˣҪȰѡѧд˲С
ڼдǧֵġѧ޸ܳǧ֡
дʱ²ˣͰ˵ſ̫£һ·һдʡ
ڱ˷ھ
ʱ٣ûеԵӻֻЩ²ģѧϰʱ棬ѧҲҪܶࡣ
ڷմڼɴдˣͽ̽ǣǣȻѧԼд⾹ѧԽԽ졣
Ȼˣʱջ̣ܹҲʶ֡
²ֽƬʶһдȥпվͶһЩʣÿֵ˼ȥСѧһ꼶һѧڵĿαҪ˶þѧˡ
²񣬼缢ƿʵڶ飬ңջؼңͰһӣ࿴һۡ
ɫܲÿ
ѧרȥˣûҵˣ
ʱЩС˵ĵַǲԵģ
Ҳˣ죬ڱϻûпǡѧݣ
˵ֽҲ˵ˣҪſǺģǲģڽĴڱ˺ü顭ȻˣûҵԼҵġ
ţͻȻԼĸʣÿ춼ڱ
һӽ䱸һֻһ㣺㲻ֽҿ
̰ƪСѧ£
Ҳ֪ȵؿԼĸ硣
ҿ̰
˵ĸζóһݴڱ˸̰ڰƪС˵ͦÿġ
̰һԼӸԼģĵܵܣĿڱֽϡ
ʮڹʮһ꣬ܵĽȫһģˣڹʱ˺ܶ顣
Щع֮ٿڵ飬;ЩȤ
ѧ£ǰЩС˵ȻͬɶԺǿϸҲץˡ
̰Щˡ
ȷʵȶԱ˶༸ֹעǽΪòʵδ̫ˡ
ȻȫԸܸõĹûô
ڣС˵ֶ꣬˼ֺøС
̰꣬͵Ժ󿯵С˵ıֽһݸҡ
ƾʲôá׻ˡ
̰ǷݱֽߣҲûȥҪ
ˣʱΪԼѿһ𿴣˺üݡ
뵽ܱԼĸ׿ޣ˵ʶٸֻᱳ£Сͯ磬ȻԼͬһС˵Ҳ֪ô£еˡ
ż죬Ӷøࡣ
һȥҸҽҽβ˳СæȻ͸ҽһȥҽԺ˳ʸҽ顣
ȻҪôȥ͹ݣҪôȥ磬ȥ֮ͻؼңʼд˳̵²
ӣһһڣʱ򣬡ѧѾڴڱϿһǧ֡
ѾչҲչڶǰⲿС˵ԽԽˣһʱ䣬ϺĸطⲿС˵
Ǵкˣ㿴ѧ𣿡
ѧҪſǡ
Ҳ֪ܲҵù

涼ˣѧУ͸˵ˡ
ⲿС˵ͨտҲͿˣֻпһ£ѧǾͲһˡ
ǿ֮󣬶Ǹͬܡ
ʹˣӼᶨ˳Ȿ鵱Լĳָϣúж
ûˣҲȥˣֻߣʲôԼĹұøãԼҵİ߳ȥ֮󣬲Ҫܵ˵ӡ
罭˵ҵĹѣĿ꣬ҵңңҲϣһ죬ΪҸϣһ죬Ϊ


34 ڶ
ȥڱ, վɴȥǧֵĸӣҲվܱܵһӭ
үûһţܱʵ
ܱ֮, ڱ, Σܱ඼Ҫš
ûдȻò
Ϊʲôûд˵С˵Լүд, ֻΪ˷ѣһֱƭܱࡣ
ҲûҪһֱƭ
֮Щ̸Ÿ㡭Ǹѡ
ûСش
ܱһʧ䡣
ѧ߿Ժ̸
ģܱྪϲѣʲôʱпգԼ
ھпաܱ֣, Ҿ¥
˵ʲôܱˡ
ڱķӲ󣬱༭Ƕһ칫ġ
ڱΪѧⲿС˵, ༭˶ѧߵĴҲ͸ϲ, һǱ㶼Χ˹
һΧ˵ĻȻҲˡ
ǻԼˡ
˵¥ѧߣ
ôܣ
ѧⲿС˵ȫҲȷⲿС˵Ӧĳѧд, ߵΪʲôдС˵ģꣿ
˵Ҿ¥Ǹ֮ǰǾ̫С, ҵĸӣ˵˼ٻ
ôܣ, ӦûȥѧɣôдС˵ģЩܱ͵վض
ܱӣͦѹģ治ɫҵʦǴӹģҽ˺ܶ飬⣬һֱѧ̡
ʮȲ峺˵֮ǰ;˲ˣڿ治ʲôˡ
༭ѻȸܱ˼óһֽд֡
¥ױдС˵ԭ壬ÿζϸϸؿ¥ıʼǳϤ
ЦЦӻóԼĸֱʣд
дһǽС˵˵Ļ
ܱһֱдд꣬ͱ鸴ӵؿ¥
¥ַǳƯһдģǰȴдüΪ
ǧȷ
֮ǰΪʲôҪƭңܱʡ
Ǹʱǲҵĸӡ
ܱ֪⻹пܡ
Ǵڱϵĺܶ£Ǳ༭ԼдģƽôոӣҪһ˵ͶԼдĸӣǿ϶ֱӾͰȰˡ
СӼҼҵģͶʲô壿
ô˵ˣܱʡ
Ӧò᲻ҪҵĸˡЦʶһ°ɣҽˣڱѧǰոϺ
ٻڱܱࡣܱҲЦˡ
Ͳ󣬵ܱಢСΪСܱ໹߿һۡ
ôСͣдѧƷҲ֪ʲôļͥģ
ɣˣȥѧϺžǲȱǮġ
Լܵʱ򣬿һԼľ֮ҲչʾԼĲѧ
һвǰġܱǳ˼Ӹѵ顣
֮ǰ㣬ʵ̸һ¡ܱΪѧԵʣڱѾȶһ壬֮ΪĸѿһЩ
Ѽӵ٣ֱʡ
ǧԪܱ
ǧԪ۸񲻿νߣҪ֪Ǹڱġ̨ĴĸѣҲǧһԪǡ
ѧⲿ飬ĴдĴƪǲһġ
ĴС˵ǲͣǻһֱдģдͻдֲ⣬Ҳһ㣬ǿʱϲˡ
ѧͬĲֺãñֽ
ҪǣϣԺܼڱд¡
ɫģȴ͵˼¡
֪ѿ϶ǣΪҲǵԪû뵽ȻǵԪ
ÿרдһдһ޸ܳдǧ֣Ҳһдǧ֣׬ʮǮ
ɳĹ˹ô࣬ӵɷ̰ڵưһҲ׬߰˿Ǯ˵ƹһ¶òʮǮֻдһ׬ʮ飡
ҲͼһСϾǰ׬ǮģҲǺһʱе㼤
ЦЦܱǸʵˣҵһƪС˵ȿǴڱġ
ӣܱСѾһƪС˵ˣʲô
һβҽĹ¡
βҽҽڲԸдֲûᱻܱЩġ
ܱģֻдС˵ѣƫķ
ҽ֪֮ģЩӴдҽ֮󣬻רо
ҽִʵͦˣȥҽԺҽ˼ȷϲȻſҩǰġ
ʱҽϲ˽УһЩԭʱ򻹻˿һЩ߰ķӣҲˣܶҽʵûʵѧἸӾ͸˿ˣģ˵Լҽ
⣬ͬҩϱĽзһҽдҲܲһرˣҲҽӣҩĻץҩ
ҩԴγãƵҩû˵ҩšЩ͸ˡ
ˣʱҩĻơЩȻܲʶ֣
ðɡʵµطĳЩҽҲʶ֡
Ȼˣⲻ˵ûкõҽˣʱҲвӵʵѧҽģ֮Щ˵ҽǳ߳ǻˮ̫ˣúܶʿҽӡòãճҽ
忪ʼᳫҪϳҽǰҽǰʼҽųڽ֮⣬ҽѧУ
ʮ󡭡䲼ֹҽҽҽνľҽҽˡ
ϣʱҽǴڲģǡʱҽʵҲûá
һЩִСӶ֪ĳʶʱҽǲ֪ġ
˵ϸЩ˵Ѿ˷Щ΢СҲЩ΢Сܻ˼Ƕǵ˽⻹Ǻ١
ټҽ豸٣ûпءʱҽ˶ʲôģʷǳ󣬸βϳĿԾ͸ˡ
֢ʵȲЩоҽ
˵˺ɣʱҽѹûж֢ҩֻþԳάأָԽԽˣȥͥ͵Ļҩ
ߣʱڣһ
ùôҲȥдôдģǰտѡ
ִһЩƶɽˣȻѣ˲ֻܵ͸˵ˡϺĵطͨ˵˲Ҳֻܰţùû£Ǿֻܵˡ
һǿ𣬶ǿҲ뿴á
ҽдģһΪ˿ҽҵĹ¡
Ȼˣڻûʡ
̸ܱ˺ܾò뿪
뿪ʱվǮĸѡĸȻˣҪһοǿʼǣ֮ǰǵģǧһԪ
һοǲԶˡ
콫ǡѧĵĸǧ֣֮󣬡ѧ£ÿܿÿǧָĳɸտǣÿοǧ֡
ÿܿǵʵû٣࣬ڱҲܺ㡣
Ӵڱ༭뿪ȥһг
Դ򰤹Ȥľǳˣÿ˸ѣһ¾ȥˡ
νĲгʵǾۼ˺ܶԼֵĲũĵطһϣģ磬˾ˣϣҾͶȥˡ
磬гϻвڡ
һȦһֻĴ󹫼
ǹȻס˽ţرϵë͹ⷢžϲһܺóԡ
Ǯ뵽ֻᶯĻȥͦ鷳ֲɱܲܰæѼɱˡ
æɱԣѪôûȥʵ
ѪҲҪ
ľȵؿһۣĽ˰ѵɱ˼ѼѪŵһͲɱ꣬Ͱ
ؼңȻͱԹˣҲ̫ˣѪǺö
Ҳˣ˿ˮڼϰѼë֮󣬾ȻѼëˣԺӵĽɹɡ
˵ɹɵļëǿǮġ
ͷһ֪ëҲǮ
ڲȱǮˣʡ
ܲʡԼķӶûУҲûеأҪԺʲô顭ģο㵽˽䣬ٹҲҪˣЩҪǮ
ҽ黹в˵鲻ϱӴûϲʲôˣһֱĹģⱲӡӦҲ顣
²񡭡ôҲҪʮŽɣǾͻкö꣡
Ǯ򷿻бҪģ⣬һҵδҲҪһ¡
ڵĻǻȳԼɡ
ֻڴģпֱմͳԡ
Է˺ն
ȷֱи²ȻԼռ
磬á²ҧһڼȣжؿǰԼһһһʼүүֲ̣
͸ˣǰǿмżġ
Ź⡣
ϲԼ򡣡εϧ²񲢲š
ǾһΪ˰Ѽøǲô˵ģԼء࣡
ϲԸɰͰ͵ļ⣡
˵˺ܾã²ţĲϲԼ⡣
Ǯÿ춼ԵĻˡ
ȴǹеݳޣ˵Ҳôˡ
һʱ֮²ɫˣ²񣬾һӳˡ
ͬߵģ
죬վһȥҸҽȻͷ֣֮ǰȸҽһƺѾҽһˡ
ѾԶ˰˿ˡ̰ӢĶЩҽƱ
ʱľ䱸һЩҽƱЩҽƱҽǾһѾˡЩֻҸֹѪ
Ǹȱҽҩʱ
ҪлҽĽ̵ҲӢĻش
ÿҽæǺõģѧһЩ򵥵ҽ֪ʶʱҽԺҽƻ˷ǳʶ
֮⣬ÿ͸ҽ죬ڡѧᡱʱӢġ
⣬Ҫ֮ǰÿ춼ʸҽһЩ˵
ҽĹĺϺ˵ĲЩӢĻһʱҲʵĴʻ㣬ҽӢ˵
ʱҽе㲻˼ˣ˵ͦãɴøҽֱӢ˵ҽӦˡ
ȻЩӣͶӢĶԻˣôһ֮󡭡ԭεͻȻͳ˲ĤݵĶǶ飬ҲŲȫհ졣
ϾڲǸСҽˡ
ԼԸѧ̰еҵϡ
̰ΪҲǸͨӢĺͷģҵ䣬òСү
ǣദȴԼкܶˡ
ӢĺͷģͲǴͨǾ֮ͨ⣬ѧҲǳã˼ڲͬ
˵ʲôȻܽӵϡеˡ
һ·ߵҽԺ֮뿪ˡ
̰߽ҽԺֽԼңȻͽѧҽ֮һȥ
ǣ١Ӧˣܿȥ
̰һ·ʼԼһĹ
̰ݵʱں¥ݡ
ѧԽԽˣڴҶţʵڵġ
ѧһһѰҽ¥
ҲֱӰѴڱĸ˹ѧϲʶ¥


35 ѧĽ
סķ, Ѿˡ
СԺӣ²¼ܼ, 񻹰ӵľͰǽ, Ȼ˴СС
¥ϵأֱһһӣ滹Žȥոµ·ͺʵıӡ
¥µ, ԭŵǼ䣬ڱó鷿
ľһܣרűֽ⣬׼ӡ
, С², ², ÿ춼ѧϰĸСʱֽ֡
Ȼˣʵһֱǳɵġ
Էڼ˸ԷûĲȵĹ, ΡһСһٱΡ
²רСϣǵֻҪ, ͻߡϾǼңڻȱٶ
, רλˡ
ддˣͻһȻ²ֽС˵
һֱãҪѧùģĶҪֵͬʱֵ˼µ˼ǺбҪģϧʱܶСѧ˽ӣġ
ĳλʮʱдġʮᵽǶʦֻǶѶģֶ˼ںܶѧѧ˼꣬Ҳ£ֵ֪˼
Ϊĸ׶ѧѣŵõŴʦϸģ֮ǿˮ䰺¥Щ׻С˵ֵò
ϣ²ϰһʶȴ⣬Ҳ;顣
ǰģ˺ЩǮġ¥ΡģԼдġѧ
͹ݴְѾһ£ѧڱֽع룬Ѿдˡ
²ģ¡
֮ǰ¥²һһ߻ܼߣ˶ڿޡ
硭á²ҭ˵
ʲôû˵޵ñ²
ãԺͲ۾һеˡ
ͻȻᵽ£²Ǻ̩Ȼӣȴʧˡ
˸ӡ
²ѧ˵ҲЩԹҺ޵ĸдޣȴҪΪдĽĸ顣
ǽŮǵĸ飬ʵûйд
û̫ǣеġ·ܰ˵곹ȼдʵҲͬ
дģƵһײ𻨣֮һĶӣǸһ㡣
ڲͬѧУ飬ͨţϣŮԺԼһ
ʶǸŮ֮ǰ׬Ǯ顢ʵ鹤ߣһĵطȷԼ֮Ǯһöָ
öָ󣬵Ư͸ԼİŮˣ飬ǸŮʧˡ
ϱźܶ࣬ʼѧϰֻѧϰܻ֮࣬ǸŮ
ڹ̤꣬˻عĴʱǹƴѧıҵͨӢĺͷģܶģϵĴԱЩҲԸ̸Ц
һи뿪ʱγĶԱȡ
ع֮Լ鼮һѧڴѧν̡ʼһЩ飬ＯʽԼӹ豸һҹ
ԽԽ󣬺ܶ˸֧֣һϣĳλ߹ٻ
ΪյһλԱ룬ǰȥ͡
λԱҲǸʿϣõ֧֣˽һְҵѧУ˼ҵĺһЩȻǰ
ԱϲŮڣǸŮѾԱС檡
Ůڴĩ걻˽лعȻƼļ˻͸Ա
Ȼĳϣ˫סˣҲǸԱЦеģҫ˵ҵ̫Ҳڹѧ
ǸŮڹʱѧϰǳŬ˵Ҫѧع֮ŮУùڵŮҪţǿڣѧΨһãȻֻǸ󸹱ĹԱ˸ҫĻ⡣
ع֮󣬽ĸĸϣȢޣֱȣͬºҲָܸŮԣܾˡ
ãԼûúһŮ˹һ׼ǾͲ飬ǽ飬ǾͲԼӣϾӣҲΡ
ڣԼҪһŮˣֻ˺ܶܶ࣬˱˵ӡ
ûкɣֻǽλԱŮУԱкô
ɻԼİŮԺѹֲһֱںլ
ǸԱȻͬ⡣
дʱ˺üβҲʵŮɱҲдһΪδŬʶ
ѡ˵
ｨŮУУǸԱһ̰ۣ˸淢޶ǰ̣ͬʱһõӻԼŮҵʽԼܲ³ｨŮУν̡
ͬ⣬óһöָԸԸ޸Լ
Ů
µͽˡ
²񣬻ڿš
û˵ʲôѹ֮ʵҲе㲻ܣڵĻ㽫ﲻôͨ˳ĵط޸һ¡
ƪС˵дͦʹģԼĹϵĵλ̯ڹǰд˵ĳͶǹҵͼҲд˹ڹԱܡֵ״
ͷһЩǻʿڵֻ֮Լ棬ٲˣ̵ͦġ
׵£ȫװһ¡
ͬд˶Ѻãǰˣд߹١
ʵΣǾû֪ˡ
С˵ᱻǲ
ʱûʲôҲ϶ᱻץ
Ѹȫܳãڶȥҽ֮󣬾ȥ˱༭
ܱ࿴βе㲻⣺ˣαȢһŮˣ
Ů˲𣿡ʣһֱŮдúܳɫ
޹ˣݡ
ɼڻݡտݹǣΪܶˣͲҪòˡ
ܱһѾùȻǸûŮζĺӣôáϵˣв͵ȵģ
ҪôдܱҲԡ
áӦûкܶŮϲƪС˵
ѾѸӽˣܱҲͺܴ󷽵ԤеĸѹһʮԪְЩ˼һС˵
ǮӦ
ĥţڱǷǳãܱô󷽣˵ˣȴҲû㻻طͶ塣
ܱĸѣѾܸˡ
ûڱǳá
֮ǰܱ˵ڱȶһǧݡʵ˵˵ġ
ʱڱûпǡѧƪµǼıֽһǧݣڿˡѧġݣ
˼ӡ˿ˡѧһ ֵıֽ 
ڣڱѾֱˡ
Ҫ֪걨űҲ߰
Ϻʶֵģָ֪ѧǺĵطҲкܶڿѧ
Զ㡭Ǿʱȥˡ
ܱģʵû
ͷ̫ˣһ֣ͻȫԶ
˵ѧǹǿˡ
ϺѧԺһ
һųʮͷһűֽţһǲŬ׼ϵڱҲһܼ񵽣˵ᱻҵͷѪ
һϣֻܳԺ͹һӣʲô𣿡
ϣǺ˰ˣǻˣһˣǲȱ˲
ˣǿԸȥǵĶӣǵӲ󣡡

ѻȸҶš
Ѿ棬ûп޳´˱ˡ
Ϻһѧ
ʦڽ̨ϣѧ˵һƪС˵ҽȥƪС˵ѧдѧ顣ѾѧˣӦÿʼԼδҲӦÿһҵδ
ĳݡ
˵ѵõûн塷ˮ䰴μǡҲûнĴС˵˽
ĳʿ־
ʿšѧİо
һֱ룬ǹҵѧȥδӣڿδĵ·
һҪᳫ׻ģֻдҶöôҶѧûᣡ
ƪС˵塣

ܶطۡѧ
֪ģҪ˵⡣
Խ1915꣬Ļ˶ûʼ
ĳλеĸ֮³ΪѧоûؿġС˵±ȫûеһѧųڿԧɵС˵
꡷Ӱܴ־ڽ¸ոմ
Ϊйһ ִ׻С˵ƷҪٹ 
ʱѧڼѷչͬʱʱˣŸָĹ۵㡣һЩˣΪҪչһҪϳ֣ȡĸ
ᳫ׻Ҳǰɴ秵İ׻ǳ׵İ׻
ǾܶӦ֮ãܶİ׻ģֵᳫģȴֻû׻Ӧʲôӵġ
дѧʱȻѾѧʱҳõķȥдϣִµӡǡ
дһЩ뷨˵ʱдǷǳﻯİ׻秵ģʵƽ˸˵Ļ
Щ׻ʱǰδеġ
дһЩ뷨ִһСѧܹܶѧд£˵һЩҲᱳһЩԾ䡣
ʱڵˣû
ܺãѾվھ˵ļˣֱӾھ˵ͷϳģ
ִѧĻ˶֮󣬲ŷչģһСִѧѬյˣĻ˶֮ǰ
ʱģ۽磬ʱġ
˵ģڼģйִѧʷϵһ ׻ʫԼִȥҲˣʱȴ˾޴ĺ䶯 
Ļ£ѧⲿС˵ȻҲԵڲͬ
лҪ˵
ЩϹ~
1ġʮдˣΪĸ׶ѧѣ˽С⡣ĺѧ˼ģ⡰״ϥ¡ʲô˼ġ
2ｭ촿°ӹƺõͼֽڹڰƼ1926죬150ʲϣǵĴٻʽʹйüҴ˹Ĺг
3йһ ִ׻С˵³Ѹġռǡ1918꣬պһ~ 
4ġԼ֪ƪ£

ƺ˫˫졣
֪Ϊʲôһɻ
ʣһµֿ
Ҳ죬̫µ


36 
һʮԪĸ, ܱǸԴǮׯׯƱ
ʱ˿УҲгƱ, һǸϲǮǮׯ, ׵ʱׯƱ
Ҫ˵ϲʵ֮, ڼڸӲظԪٵġ
ȥһǮׯׯƱһԪȻоŽصԪ˼ҡ
ͷһôصǮȻǿԣһ㡣
ҵʱ, ²ڰ͡
֮ǰǼҶ⣬͵, һƬ͡
ʱҪ, ⡢ˮͻ͡νˮͣˮϵ֬״ģ, ٣ܶ࣬ľˣͻûʲô, ͻر㡣
һζ˳, ̳˿Ӿͼһԡ
ˣϾܳԷˡͰ跹ҪҪ
Ҫԥ˵
ִҬͣϵϲ͡
ʲôˣʱע⵽Ǹƺװ˲ٶĲ
ⲼģõɫĲϣʽʱѧࡣһԼİЦ˵Ǻö
ʲôʡ
һʮǮ
һʮ˵һʮǮˡ
ЦЦԼŵİ
һԪ
֮ǰõĸҲвˣÿǮһЩѾ˲ʮԪ
ͻȻôԪǷǳɵˡ
ЦЦѲݸ񣺡Ǯպðɡ
˵ͷһԪ¥ȥˡ
¥ʱﺬᣬ¥ʱȴԵ÷ǳ죬غҪһ
״̬󷽵ֱӵЩȥֵȥͣһͰ跹
ԼͱˣʡͣڡǼҲʡôһˡ
ҴͲȥɡֵдһС˵Ϣ죬췴пգʹ²ȥ棬档
áЦŴӦˣ²Ц۾
е糵վ糵ȥ磬ҵǮһ
ʱϺ磬Ҳ٣˽˵ⲻˣ棬ľǽһ
ԼθȤ²棬ɶкô
ϣܴһ㣬ϣǿ۽翪ؿ㡣
һһԪǣΪţǲýѺ
ǰͷһͦʵģΪԭԵʣϡ棬²Ͳһˡ
ط¼Ҳûģ²ǰŶδ
˶ֲͣҿһʱǳ
С㣬ˣȵΡĳ˸ӷϣ²Цڵϼһơ
ȥһ£Ź
²ȥ֮ŸȥȻóǣȹ硣
֣Ӧһޣ
ǿøߡ²濴˷ܵغܡ
šӦһͻȻǱЩٷߵģҲٶԪ
ԺԽԽõġ
˵ͷԼӵĻ
ǹһ·֮ȥһϷϷ
ϷÿͭԪʮöͯռĻͲǮǮȥ֮ŷϷ̨ǰڵһŵİϷﻹˮӵġ
һöͭԪһһֱˮͭԪһСӣͳûˣڵģй˶ɳɻĲ֣ͭԪһ顣
ЩÿҪݣǺΪˣϾϷݿϷĶͨˡ
²һʼе㲻ڣȴʼȫעϷ
ԿϷûʲôȤ
ִʱӰӾ磬ֿС˵˵ϷĽϲοȱľϸˡ
ɴһ߳Զһ߿Χˡ
ˮõϣǹԴĵЦݣ긾Ůе̱ԵһſտǵĹӣиݵˣɫеؿŴϵϷӡ
˼̬Īˡ
СʱϷǾ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱӵĲˮ²ȴСŽĹ£²Щطûף񣬶Сغ߳ٽ˼
佱
СҪϷǰ꣬үүϷϷǳһ
һ˵Ҳǰ
ԭһݵʱȻŮ鲻ɱ⣬廹ǺֵģԭүүԭǷǳ۰ϧλ˼ȥ̫硣
Ϸȥ˳ϰ忪͹ݡ
͹ݵըš˻ؼңǸڵԵײһ
磬ͣĸ׺ȻҲ⡣
С£ãϰһʵ
ǰ壬á˽ܡ
С㳤ôԭϰһ䣬к²ˣ˸ըźͺ
ûʲôˣ﹤в٣Щ˶ʶģֻڣǿʱֶ˼־н
֮ǰڵʱǾ;ǲһģǹһ£˿ž͸һˡ
ǲԾģֵһͷĸо
˼к
ǳϰԼҲһըţȻ˹
²δĳһԷܲڣϰҲûǶģֻ˵
һ¹ȥϰ͹ݵˣȻÿ춼׬Ǯ֮ǰȫܱȣϰͿʼͣҵװޡ
ϰװʱ򣬲͹ճӪҵģҪе࣬ͱͣҵˣںܶණ¥ݣϰ嶼ѾóߴľˣʱֱװϾУҪͣҵ̫á
ϺǼ¿᳧ûаɫģʹ֮ǾרŵƳɫѾˡϰ
Ϊ˸ϡѧĽ֣Ѿüûϰˣ֪£ٺòðɫӣãҲɾ
ȷʵϰͷҪǸ𴦲һ
ĸһ͹ݣһõİʱǲ͹ݣһԵڲͬ
ǻڲͬĳʳ
ԹҪǮϰգֻŲ˵
Ӧ
²صʱѾˡ
ôһӦͦ۵ģ²ľȴãҪѧϰ
ѾˡЩΡ
ԣǾ΢ϰһ£д֡
ܼᶨЦá
²ֵʱ򣬸ڵ¿С˵
ֽѾǵʶŮǣϲŮǵˡ
ŮǸŶյˣᳪử뷨ʱ˺ܶԼļ⡣
Щʿʱ򣬶Ů֣ûȥ飬
Ϊһɧ꣬ȻֻһЩ޵ĸдԼĶؿ
ѧһмǿС˵ʹ˽ȥһʱŮϲòСĥԼһҲҪȥѧһҲҪȢһŮˡ
ţķűˡ
򿪷һͿ̰վſڡ
Լĸܸӡһ棬СԼĸĸ˵ôôһݳݺ;һ桭׶Ĳͷ䵭ȻһɲﻹһҪ
㡭ôˡʣ층̰³ȥˣʱûڸ̰רģ
Ĵڱ̰
㶣Ȼŭתһűֽĵ̰ϡ
ûҡ
ذѱֽݸ˸̰磬ıֽ
̰ӹֽתߡ
ص˸̰䣬ǲ̫ˣֱԼ̯Ĵڱ
ߣ̰ôקôǸҪڱС˵
̰˱ֽط䣬Ϳ
ʱֻС˵дͦãڣȴеͬˣǡС˵׻һЩ顣
ʱʵӲп顣
ܿ죬ܿͿһ飬Ȼض˳øֱʼ˱㡣
һӹˣûбһֱ̫ϰߡ
ûãš
̰Ϥ
ˣһҽԺ֡
٣ЩǴӸطĵ籨ǽڸ̰ǰֵݣҲˡ
Ŷ̰һ
˽һż¼һЩֽڸ̰ǰ²ѧĳӡСݳǰѧȥֱѧˡ
ѧĶӣû뵽ֽ̰ûˣٶš
ǣ١
ѧԺҪڣ̰ͻȻЦˣȻֽڳùԱߵĵ籨
ڶվú磬ʱ̫û
ˣϸϺҲȻ˼ȣմ򿪴˾ͿƲסش˸
һްϣ¥ŵ˳ζ
²Ѿˡ
ʳ࣬ǳܲ꣬;ůġ
㻹Ҫ𣿡񿴵ɡʵ
ţҳȥһˡ
ɡţûãЬӾʪˣõؿһư
˳óȥ̰
껹ѵʱึͭԪŽ
ΪԵʣĲ˺٣ҲûǴԺȫнݡ
̰ǳѵõûиβڸҽһҩƷ÷
̰Щȣ꣬ôҲˣ
ҷ¿ѧѾдˣѾȫڡҽϣ㲻ҽҲȥ
꣬ﾹȻɷǳ֡
ҽûʲô飬ʵģʰɡ̰˵ţҽȥﲡˡ
Ҳ˳һЩβҽ顣
̰˵ˣֻعãһЩڵ飬ʵ˽⡣
ҽҽôͻȻʡ
ҽѧ̰
ҽҲҽӦȡޣʡ
Ҳôá̰ҽѧǧľʵҲ˲á
ʱҽ඼ǸҽƲģû뵽̰ô˵Щȡ
ҽĺܶҩʵõģҽõҩࡣҲô໥ϣӦıȱҽҩ̰
ҲôáЦ
ˣҪ붬ˣҽԺҽԺҪƶҪҪһȥ̰ʡ
֪дһҽйصС˵ôˡ
áһڴӦ
ϱдС˵Ϊԭ򳣳û취ΪȥʲôڲͬˣȻҪȥ


37 ȥ
Ӧ֮, ̰˵һЩ顣
һЩСŶ, ȻϺ, ȥܱߵβʱһݡ
вͬʱҲƫ, Ӧˡ
Խ֮һֱϺδȥȥΧҲá
ŶڹҽԺſڼ, ʱ־Ըߵݼȥ
õȷеϢѸ̰͵ҽԺ֮, ȥһꡣ
кֽܶ, ֽЯ㡭ëǮһǳƯĽڵӲǱʼǱ㵽ʱʱ¼
֮⣬һֱ֧ʲһƿɫīˮ
õĸֱǼӺɫīˮģڶһ֧ɫīˮĸֱ, ʼ¼㡣
ȥһƷĵ̣һ˫ձڵЬҲ׳ƵЬЬ, һ㲻ɡһЩС
ԶҪĶһû, ֻ
ôһûˡͻȻʶԼʵǮ
磬˸ϰ廭˵⣬ǽ̵²ˣͬʱԼҪȥҲǣȥһЩ˴ϡ
ûвμӹ֪ʱǵһô
˵ģڳʳ棬ǾͲдԡ
ִʱһЩȥƫԶ֧̣صشһЩʳôﵱȻҲеͨġ
㼦ʱϰɡ
Ӧ
׼ֹڴˣصشĺº޿㡣
ǰһ죬ѳϰҪĲ˵͹ȥʱǴӳϰﹺһЩܷźЩĸȥһЩǡ
ӦòȱʳҲǣЩʵΪԼ׼ģΪ;Уƶּĺ׼ġ
ϺĵطײյӶòã桭δȴҲ
ڶ죬ոҽĽȥ˹ҽԺ
ʱ仹磬ҽԺſѾ£˺ܶˣҲŮǴ꣬Ҳи͵ģŶѧ
ʱֲЩ˴ഩͦͬʱҲǳ桪ŮǶƯƤЬ
ĵ˺ܶ˵ĲĿϾŵĶʵе࣬ĴŴҲЩ˸롣
Ȼѧķ˲Ƶĸѣûһ٣ûȥ÷·Ьӡ·²ġ
׷ϳԿʽҲУ·Ь֣ɾ봩ˣشȻո£ʽ·ͲЬ
ҲˣбһС⣬һõĴ󲼰Ȼһһ޴һֻһ
ŵԱһ¡ЩѧǴСũŹʵĴѧˡ
ȻˣʱϴŴһͦģЩѧҲһۣûٹעˣġѧ
Ұѡѧĸҵĸף򷢵籨˵һǳõƷ
֪ܲܺϲһ𡣡
ҰѡѧĺܶӶժʱʱжид

Щ˿䡶ѧúе㾪ˡ
֪ѧӦúܻӭΪûʲôѣƽ˴ڼҲȥ硢͹ݻи̰Եʣԡѧ׶ôܻӭʵ
ֱЩѧۡѧŷԼдС˵ĸܻӭ
ִʱһλ˵ʮ˵Ǹ߷ǳѺõڵʱһдһƷܻȫ飬ȫѧ궼ƷȻѸٳ
ΪڵʱƷ̫ˡ
ˣʮҲֻǰƽʱ
׳ʵ
֮ǰȻˣдڡܵˡ
ôţͻȻһķǳãѾˣҪҵָĳ

˵һмˣͬʱμҽҲ½½ȫˣои̰
ó̰ܻӭ߲мҽţһʮ꣬𷢱۵һֱڸ˵
ȥ˵ƼһĻҲͲȥˡ
̰Ƽߡ
״Źȥ
̰˿ĴС΢΢ЦЦȻ͵һ飬һɡ˵ָܸ꣬˵ˣλǰ»һλʿӢˣһߡ
»áӢԷк
áλ»ЦŶ򽻵Ըϵ۱㡣
εҽԺǷֳģÿʮˣʮУֱһʿҽ֣߸־Ըߡ
ȻˣĳЩҽͬʱҲǴʿ飬˰»һλʿ⣬һҽŮʿҲǸʿ
ҽռһ־Ըߵ־ԸߣȫǴѧҶѧҽĴѧ
Ƿֳһҽ豸ҩдʿԼҽҽһߣһ߸־Ըһߡ
Լһ־ԸһԼİλ£ȻЩѧ˷ܵ˵
ЩѧԼﶼǳڴҪεдչ֡
˵ʱƵһֱܶࡣ
ЩԼǮ˿ʩһ㣬ҲкܶĻ£ҪΪʲôʱڣҵذѧУ
ҽԺҽԺΪ˴̡
ʱڣŷȹڵĴʿǳ֮࣬ϺǧˣЩ˳˴ʿ⣬һ㻹ݣҽʦѧʲôģϺ֮󣬳˴̣ҽԺѧУȵȡ
ʱϺĴѧ𵩴ѧǴʿģϺʱеĴҽԺ϶ǴʿģҽԺҲ⡣
ЩҽԺᶨڸƶϵ۵ĸǰǴδչ־Ըߵģ⻹ǵһΡ
Ѿѧҽһˣǵһлβ
֪ôġ
һҽ͸ҽǸҽ˵ֺֿãЩҪҽ

ЩѧģĵȻ죬һע⵽ҿҽ˵ˣǸҽӶˣ
ǡǸѧϰġ
Ŷʣ˵£ѧģôǰûм㣿
ЦЦûжѧ
㻹ڶѧѧ飿ʡ
ݶѧûڶ顣
˶ʱͶûȤתͷȥٲ˵ˡ
֮ĵģҲ岻ϻֻܿ·ķ羰
Ϻ֮һȥȫдеɫϵ죬Ҳġ
鲢ãΪ;ˣвɫľл߸¡Ҳվֱũ
һ·뿪ϺԼĪСʱͣһΣϲ
ϲȻûй޿ϵģãŮ־ԸŮû³
ǰСʱȻڶͣγϲʱԷ
Ů־Ը߽ȥϲˣһ־Ըȴе£أ
ûдʵ
Щ־ԸǶûдǲ֪ҪԴʳ
ȥĵطȽԶһ춼·ϣʳҪԴģ֪ͨǵ˵ˡ̰ʱ⻰
ͷɲִɶ绰ž˵ˣ΢Ⱥһ硰ҪҪ⡣
ʱе飬֯ͦ鷳֯ˣҲķ档
о˻ҪĴ롣
ǶһЩʳǿԸһԡ̰飬ǱߣѾóʳˡ
ҽˣҿǴĲࡣвٳԵġ
ǸһֽȻ˶
㡢⡢󼦵Ѽкܶ
ôԵģи־Ը߾ϲ
šӦһóָҡ
Ȼ̰˵˲÷ָʳ̰һЩټˮҶԵĺܱ
ǡЩѧǰӹ̫õԵʣôԶҲóԵãԭ׼ڽĶȫǳˡ
ûʲôζĸʣ²١
ȵ˵طҾȥЩ㡣֮ǰѧ˼˵Ҳ׷׵ͷ
Ӧ
磬һĵȻ죬û¿ˣʼ̹
ִʱֻƽ棬һҲǺܵ飬˵ʱʱûǲĶŻԶˡµĵ··رƽúõڳţؾͻᱻñ
ûжˡ
ʵģ齲¡
ֻǣʱϵ飬ȥȥô֪ĹҲǼٽҲûʲô˼
Ҹǽ°ɣǹһдġͻȻ
Щ˺ؿὲ£
ᡣЦЦµıշսʱڡ
ˡ֬򡷡


38 µ뷨
֬򡷿ƪ, һ֬ļŮһȺһȥѡʱЩ嶼ûдԵģ֬ͰԼʳָǡ
, ǵ߿, ˻Ҫ֬ҹ
֬ͬ⣬ͬЩֶȥֻ֬Ϊ˴ҵԼ
ڶ, УЩʳ֬ȴʲôûü׼
û˰ʳֻܶŶʡ
£һοʱͻС, ʮһ꣬ܶණ, ЩϴԴ, ֬Ŷڿ޵ʱǺܲܣ˺ܾá
ˣⲿԭ, ϵʱʷ˸ĸд
ƳƷƳĵÿ˵ÿһ仰, ǡôѹ̻ľ֡
˵, ԼдС˵
Щ־Ըûдʳʱ򣬾ˡ֬ⲿС˵һʼ㽲ϾױЩѧΪڷǡ
ϸһ룬־ûϵ
֬ЩѧҲЩ壬Ҫ˶Ժ˱¾ġ
ҡЩѧһûоʲô飬Ҳ˽ģγŪøһãбҪһˮ
ǰЩӸ̰ʱε²ɡ
ⲿС˵жģд¸еҾˡһ䣺ȻС˵ǵʵǲһġ
ԡ֬򡷵ӡҪ϶ģǸߣȻ֮ܽȤ
Щѧú档
ͷʱȷʵе㲻ڣ¶ǾûЩˣֻЩΪ
ȽŮǿ
ѹ½֮꣬ǰѧУ˾ͶĹ½÷ǳãһǵһ¡֮ǰе㿴㣬Ϊ֮ǰΪǸ
ҲǸ˵ͬ˴ҿѧʱǷŭЩ˿ʵϣʱҲġ
лл֮ǰʳŮҲл
ʱЩ˶ͦɰģô˵ҲдʵȫԽĹ£ǽ
˵֮󣬾֪Щѧһ·̻ѧУġ
ҲǣҪûдСµĻܿĽ𵩴ѧҪ֪𵩴ѧܶʦֱӾ÷ġ
Ҿǰļһ㣬ʵﲢɡû˵Լǰ飬ǰЩڸ̰ߴֵʱһЩ˵ˣ˵һЩ˵
Щ̰Ĳʱ򣬴Ӳġ
Щѧú棬Ҳ
ڰʱ򵽴ǵĿĵء
һӡ
Ӳغغܷ֣Ȼֺ٣ÿճɶ
İӹòãϾÿÿеصģеءĿ˰ѹʳʣ¶٣
οΪߵԷ֣İҲ࣬һ࣬ؾԵøˡ
һյȻҲ
ҽԺһĶϵġٸϺѧڼ˹ҽԺʶҽ˵Լ֮ҽͽ֮ΪĿĵ֮һ
ٸѾǰңΪһ׼˷䡣
ǵΪûӪʲôԵʣҲûȥķҲͲ󣬷Ҳֻ࣬ڳ
»һ䣬ҽһ䣬̰һ䣬˾԰ˡ
⣬ҪҲΪ֮ǰ֪һЩ־Ըߡ
סּҸסķӣЩ־Ըߡ
Һͼ˿ȥݼҽסٸЩ־Ը߶𵩴ѧѧҵˡ
ãȥסˡ־Ըеһ˵Ҳ׷Ӧٸûͬ⣬ǼְԼķ˳
ּѾõķóˣʣµķʵûкõȥҲֻ
Ů־Ըһ䣬ĸ־Ը߷ס䡪һʺŰ̳һСԶסһˡ
ĴͦϤģֱѡ˵˯СȻóԼӱϡ
Ű˯𡭡ҪҪҸ㻻ͬһ־Ը
Ĵ˯Цϰˡ
ԣʱ¶ͬ顣
˷źȥ
ͦʢģаնüĵкԼˡ
Ȼˣζһ㶼á
ҶˣҲԵû졣
Ҫúܶ࣬Ĳ٣ǣʵ֤̫ˡ
Щ־ԸﲻɣʵϣѾǡɡݵˡ
ϣҸ˯ûãּҵĴš
ҽҽǾȾǾ
ŵǸŮˣ򻹴һЩ
־ԸԺ˹ʣôˣ
ȥһ¾ȥ
ߵԺͿ̰»ҽҲӷˡ
»ǸûõĴʿ˵ģҲûĸ˵Ķʲô˼ֻӢĵҵϵۣʲô飿
ˡ̰ش𣬴š
ŷ֣ſھȻѾŶˣſģǸʮŮˣĻﱧŸŶӵĺӣӿѾܲˡ
ǸǸҸ˵ſʼӿŲˣͱȽżٸһҴҸǸ⡣
̰ûи˵ѾӵŮˣӵôˡ
ԭúõģ˻ͻȻ˵ʹҸ˺ˮҲãˣȻһֱ۵ڣӻӵĸ׿˵
ɫڣѾ٣̰վҡҡͷӦβףѾûˡ
һ㶡
βִʵͨһּ֮һڵļ٣ȥҽԺûˡ
ʱǻҪġ
ЩãֲأԵҩԼͿȥˣһءҽβõġ
ҽѾԶˣҪҵҽܶΪûпأڸȾΣա
ڣӵĲѾڡѾô˶ǳ
˵ʲôǸŮҲ֪̰ǲô׼ϺǲԸ׷ʵ
Ǹβ̰ӵʱѾ̫ˡӣѾûˡ
ģ⺢ӽϻһأԵʱ򶼲ʹˣ˵öˡŮһ˵һߴδεش䣺Ӽҵ⽺ͰˣҸһ룬ҳ
˵˵ţһѱס˺ӡ
Ǻӵֽų˳飬Ļû˶
ĸųȥ
ҹɫլſҲûӰӾֺ˷ǳǳ໥֮䣬ɫ
ҹֻŮ˵ĿͻȻվߵҲٽţ»ҽһ𵻸
־Ըߴ·ʱѾˡ
˼ŵϢˡٸɩĸӣһڡ
Ѳ˶нɣǸǿ˯ҽ
Щ泹ҹŶӵĲ˱еֵ
ע⵽»ҽӦҲǴҴģ·еңҽ롣
Щ˺ܿ͵
ϺʱҸҽĶ˵ģĲʲôС
иˣ˵ؿ˺ܶ꣬ܿԣ͸ҽϸѯʣּؿ֮󣬱֪ԼĪǶǰˤ߹ǣ߹ǻ˷Ρ
ҪΡ
˵ҪΣգ׻뿪ˡ
иˣ߲·һ˫ȣѾˡ
Щձ·ֱֱǵˣǾȻǲģԼë
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кӣԴӴûм⣬ϥȳӣʵʺܺãҪǲܻǳԵ̫ˣӪ
ʱҽȱȱҩܶëβˣ׻Ǹܶಡκ˲
ظ̰֣Щ־Ըȴе㲻֪ʲôã֮м˴վԱߣѾˡ
ʵҲǺò˶١
ϱӿһЩ޻߹ƶɽļ¼Ƭ֪кܶƶˣЩɾˮȲĻǱˡ
һ㣬ǾİյʵǺõģʱ򣬺ܶطİգھսҡ
Щ˵ӣֹô
ˣϢʱС־Ըǣܵĳж֪
Ŷӵ˵׻ǲģæҹ˾ȥ˯ˣǸʱע⵽ü־Ըߵ۾Ѿˡ
ڶһǰࡢ̲ˣгСε
˵㣬æ
ǰһβģ˺ͺӣŮҲֻǸģ죬Ů
һŮ־Ըߵһ£ҽǸŮ־Ըһһ䣬ٳʱҽ÷ӹѾȫѴˣӦñͶԴϢ
ˣǸųͷϱŸһĺӣʮŮ˵
˵ʲô
ΪմʱһѾˣʵϸͲǡ
ܶಡʵû취ƣЩβ˻Ǻܸмǡ
ǵԺһֱۼһȺӣЩű飬õ·ЬҲǲϽŵģƵġ
»ʿЩӷǣüǴ̣ЩǣҲһ÷ǳ档
æһ죬ûһ̿УϵƣǸ۵ġ

һܳݵѧҡ˼ңʱҽģΪѧҽȲ̫ˡ

ѧҽĻһ֮Ȳ̫ˣдģȴ»˺ܶˡ
ֻǣλΰ˲һִ
ûѧҽҽѧʵ˽⣬ִĿȾ֪ܶ˵ǳʶʱ˵ȴȽҽ֪ʶĶ
æ֮ڷԼıʼǱ
˱ʼǱֱֻʣҪ࿴ǣռزĺдԼС˵ļʶũ״֮ǲ֪дʲôźá
βˣܶ඼ǴԶģǵõĴ඼ԲΪЩ˼ԲصĲˣѾˡ
ˣʵֻʮܻ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿһֵص顣
סٸļٸÿն跨ǳԣĺӡӵļͷУȫûоòԡ
ͻȻʱΪʲôôˣʧȥҲҪźʲôˡ
ֻǱɽһǣѾñ̹ǡ
˺ܾãڱʼǱдˡڰ֡
ҽǻдģˡҽдġ
ϱӣĵ̫٣˼ʲôģҲһֱ㣬óдɢģдʫ裬еֻһװ˺֪ܶʶװ˺ܶڰ֪ʶĴԡ
Щд
ѾʱѾ֤ʱҪʲô
дһˣԽ˰֮
ڰ˹ҹǿʢ˰հ֣
ҽԺ౧ԹͨղõԼøβףӾҪû
ΪʱѾкܶҩƷˣпء
˺ܾãְѱʼǱˡ
컹Ҫûоȥд
οҪдС˵ͲָøˣҪС
»˱ҲҪеһУдȫ漰βС
׻ǵС


39 
ͬҵ־Ը, һǵѧУ, ֣ά, Щ־Ըͦ־Ը߶Ըġ
һ־ԸҢĶ, ˵Ըе
Щ־Ը߼ﶼͦԣǰѧϰûɹĻûβ˵ľ飬һ, ʵʲôûɡ
⵹ǲԸ£Ҫûл, û˽̾Ͳ֪Լʲô, һֱϹæڸվš
ôо飬Ÿ̰˲¡
ٸչЩչ˵ķǳܵ, ʳĸһٰģ̻æţˮϹ
ּΣ¼ǰʱεе, ֮£¼ҸԣһЩ
Ѿ, ֣άºҢʹӳһͰˮط䣬ϴϴš
ϵıʼǱһϴ
ͷûнʲôģֻˮϴëɡ
֣άºҢˣȴǰǴëˮʪšɣȻԼһʹꡣ
ƼһĻе㵣ҢϵĶơ
鲢ûз
Ǻһϴ裬һϴģȻϴʱˮǻġ
ϴˮ࣬ϴ궼ϴ׼ϴš
ֲҽرʹԭˮˡ֣άЬ࣬ͱԼĽŵ
ƤЬⶫ˵źÿʵĥš
Ңûб֣άºõϵûгˮݣĥƤ
ϴ˽ţе۲ĲЬˣ֣άµԶһʼʹ˲Ь
ЬЦЦԺ飬ǿɱƤЬˡ
ǣԺǻҪ֣άµǲ춼ˣõĶٸ׼ģֲϰߣܾйζ
Ȼ˼Թȷʵеܲˡ
ǵĲӦˣֻҪĶõϵĶͶŰɣȻȥĴУûбҪôˡ֣άºҢﶼǮģȥĴеĻǮ͹ˣʲô
ǣ֣άµ
һһãϴ˯
ѾˣһƬ֣άͻȻǰ֪ϰյġ
ûмˣҲǲ֪кܶ࣬ʱ㲻Щ˽Ӵдûô
ǰʵҲ֪
һȥҪ飬ȫд֣άֵ
ҢҲҪдʲô
ǻѧ˳Ҫʶģѧϰˡ
ܲʲô֣ά죬ҽҽһֱæţȴʲôˣҺܡ
룬ͻȻǿȥ񽲽֪ʶ˵ˮһҪտ˺ȡ
ִˮͷųˮûֱӺȵģҪôտȣҪôɴͺͰװˮƿװˮ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˿ˣֱӴӺҨһưˮȵټ
֣άºҢӦ
ڶɺ֣ܶ࣬άºҢ水˵ģʼ񽲽һЩʶ
˴಻ʶ֣֪ѧôģһۣѧҵ൱ǸˣѧĻǾǾˣ
ھү˵ˮҪտ˺ȣǿ϶ǶԵģֻǣǼûôˮ
ûɭ֣ûض񣬴ƽõĲ𣬲ˮոѾɣ޼֦Щա
ЩΪʲôĳλҪҽˡ
ȻˣЩ־Ը߻Щ֪һЩ֪ʶġ
죬βҲˡвʹˣ϶Ѿƹ
һȻҲ
Ǽ죬뿪ˣǰ»ʿ飺ǿȥԶƶĴӣ˸Ҫǡ
ǵģӦýϵ۵ĸˡҽҲͬ
ŷ޺й˺ܶഫʿ
ôı⣬ʵĻԣʱ򣬶Զλʿûкøеġ
»ʿӴˣͻȻλʿʵû뷨
Щҵϲ϶ĻԵģЩʿĻЩǲ֪飬簮»һǳ뻯ˡ
˵ƶ˵࣬ӦָΪǴǵ塣
ԼһΰĿ꣬ҪĹңԸΪĿ깱һС
ҽҲģͰ»ʿĶԻо
ϲȻ뷨ȴҲòϣǲǻˣʱĺܶͦɰġ
֪֮Իôѧ־ԸߣΪ֣ά֮ǰӴѧҵҽԸȥСطִҵԵʡ
ҽϡȱҵ֮׾ϺĴҵʻܸߣһ˵Ҳмʮ飬Լ׬ø࡭£˭ԸȥСطҽ
Ҳ֮ˡ
񰮵»ģǹҵ̵ϵĽͽȴǲӦõģԼʱȥΪƶβ̣Ҳϣ֣άĴѧڱҵʲô
ԣǽһȺ־Ըߣԣβ˱ˣǾȥƶĵط
ȥĵطҲӦǡٸҽֵķ룬еż
ǲҪӦϵۺͬСҽ
ɣĸ־ԸߣڽļΪβʣµˡȥĵط̰˵һ飬Ӣ˵һ顣
飬õ˵ͬ
ּҵĸ־ԸߣŮ־ԸߣԼͬ־Ըߡ
Ů־Ըߵѧϰͺãһֱڸҽ֣ѾܶӦһЩˣ־ԸҪһЩЩŮ־Ըߡ
ˣڶһͼǰС
Σ˰죬Ȼһ
û˰ţҲûǰ֪ͨټϺԶϢӱһʼʱ򣬺ܶ˺عȰ»Щ̾ˣ˳ʯͷ
ٸˣ״æȥ˴Ĵ峤˵һġ
峤ͬ⣬Щ˶Ǹģ˻˿ƶǡ
ǶҽѰβģ˿ƶǡ̰ٸû취˵ͨǸ峤ȥһȰ˵óǴһЩ֤
˵Ҳ֣ٸ˵Ǹ峤̰ϸǵ֮Ǹ峤Ȼͬˡ
ֻԸΪǰźõססڴӵһҪ÷ѹ֡

ڣ»ķԡ
˵ʵŶеķԺϺݵƣЩһˡ
ķһмиԺӣмиҶѣϲЩȼ̡
ЩסˣĴһ
ٸǸˣҲľľΪϰʲôرһЩŸ̴ȥ޳ʳİ˵ǿβ
ȻſΧ˺ܶˣû˽βк֣ͱŤŶˣ棬˿ƶǳˡ
ˣ׻ˡ
ǸҲʮˣݣɫ԰ףŹһȳһյؽܰҵκ𣿡
ּҵģôβ
㲻Ҫˣ
ôõ飬βҪǮ

ҪǺòˣһӶҪû˵
ͷô˵ʱû֨ˡ
˾ӡ˶˾
ˤˣһֵĽǶŤţ˿ϷһЩ֪ĲҩѾˣɢһЩŹֵζ
ˣվţʵס
ҽ̾͵Ҫ֫
أûеõʱƵҪǲ촦׾ͻ
ƣǽ̰֫Ҳ
ȿʣԺô죿ҼûأźӾͿҵңȻܻ𣿡
̰ĬʱиͲС̫̫ˣе°»ҽſڶ˺ôˣҲڼţҸҩҴӴʦҩڴǰˣξͺˡҪǲãٳԵ㡣
̫̫һƬƤһĶʲôû֪ˡ
˵ɫѿˣˡ
Ĳϣʦġ̫̫ֲẦ㣡


40 
ԼĪǱ̫̫Ǿ䡰, ֲẦ㡱̼ˣҽͻȻ˻Ҫ, һ, 㶼Һˣ
ôˣҶΪǺã̫̫еЩˣûһʡĵģҪǲʦĻĻ
ߵ˵ǰҰŪؼȥ, ٲβҪûˣ
һ˶ŴˣȵǣЩ˾Ȼȥ̫̫
̫̫ſڴ
ʱиŮ˱Ÿˡ
Ů˺ݺ, ɫ԰ףں, ССһű֮, Ƴá
ŹǰɣˡǸŮ˿̫̫ͨһ͹ˡ
ɥ, 㺦ҶӶȣ̫̫
ʮﲻͬﲻͬףĺܶ໰̫
ôܳ, 㻹ӡǸ˿ŮˣҪſ, һˤˡ
æסŷȻա
ɲǸͷ
һ㣬̶ĸ̰Ҳˣ˵̫ãǽ֫ʵǽ֫Ҳһܻ
ҡԣ˵ۿҲʪˣһ˰ɡûҲֻܶˡ
̰ŵҸ㶯ԣܱ֤ܺãҲܱ֤ܱȣ𣿡
롣ҧֿſǸŵŮˡ
ȥվ
̫̫ſǸŮˣΧΧһȦ֣кġ
ǸŮߣ͵ˣҽȥɡ
ҡǸŮ̧ͷãȻľ
˵ٲξҪûˣ㲻ȥ
Ůźӽ
鷳ʰһҪҽٸ
иѾʰˣϰȥٸһ˵ţһ߾͸һ𣬰̧˷
Ű̳ɵĴǰ˷棬ȻְŸ̰Ҫ󣬰ѴŲſڡ
һ㣬㶯
һҪڶ֮ǰһҪ˵һ£Σյģܻṵ̂ǸŮ˵
ҽ˶֮ǰֱòǩ״Լģûã£Ҳҵҽͷϡ
Ȼˣһ㲡Ҳȥҽ鷳
ʱСĳԻӣܻûˣҽڴֵܵ͡
ǸŮֿˡ
֪ǰ˵ñᣬˣұǻ˵ģΰɡʲô
ǸŮҲ˵ͷ
Ļҽ˿ԭ
֪Ѿˣǳݶʱ򣬴ݶˤˤȣʱҾͰ̧ȥˣ˸˵ҩ
ϴҩѪֹסˣҲ˵ȾܳãҲҪˡ
Ұͻؼң˵Ǯ¾˽ˣʱȻΪӾҪҲܳš
ûչǣȻ˵ƭǮģҩҲҩŪһЩ߰ҩá
Ⱦˡ
Ǵɻģһ˿ôÿҪûˣ֪һ㣬ҽҽ
ŹӲŹģһиЩԺˣһۣһԼҸ˼ޣһԼﺦ
ʡȻܻûֻǿܶѡҽ˺ʹٶκġ
˵ϣ
ԱߵŮȴֿˣһֱѹţû޵̫
ֻһޣĺӾȻҲˡ
ִĺӿǿ죬ʮģ⺢ȴ޵ϸϸŮ˼ӿˣ⿪Լ·ͳԼֻʣһƤ˫飬˺ӵ
ƼһĻεƿߣ֣άºҢ˸ġ
ֻǣͣ²һͻȻֿˡ
⺢ӣ֪Լڲ̫ðɣһֱôڵҢۿˡ
ôЩ飬һ㶼úΪŻޡҢôһѣͻȻ뵽һ¡Ůеݹͷòṵ̂ɣ
ôţóԼóһ֮ǰЩ־Ը߲ҪʣµĸŮˣҪҪԵ㶫
Ů˲ûа·ãͼúӳֻ̣ǺѾԸȥˣֻСҭšÿһĻģʱʵҲûҪӡ
Ů˿ϵ㶣Ȼץҧһڣ˽Ȼ͵ͷι˻ĺӡ
Ұһͣˡ
ӻС̷ܳۺĸĶ˶ιӣǷǳġ˵ЩʶǺβʳˡ
֣ά£ȥõˮ
֣άӦһȥˮˡ
ʱѾˮƿˣûִˮƿôãҲֻи̰һˮͺȹˡ
ٸﰲѾʼˮˣ˿ˮ
֣άºܿͽһˮù
ˮ̣Ů˴ſʵغˣȲغһڡ
㡣˵ţһˮ
ŮȲغ˼ˮι˺ӼڣȻͲˣҼҵĵҵģҲûʲôˡ
ԺˣСóŮˡ
ǰİɡŮϧؿ⼸ζһ㶼õĸ㡣
ݵ֣óһǸ԰ɡ
ʲôŮʡ
ˮҩƭҲ˵ƭŮ˹ƾӪŻȱˮ
Ů˳ˣȻȵ۾Ǻʣġܳ𣿡
Ҫǿںˣᴭ
֣άȥˮȻԼǻˮָٸҪ˵ηŽȥιǸڶˡ
Ů˶˹ҲûõȥԵˮôܲ
ҳȥһˡ֣άͻȻ˵ȥʱϾֻ
ֻһֱе޴ץż򣬲֪ôãٸȥӹ˼ȥֻϾȥɱˡ
ɣɩӣǳԼġ֣άµ
ʵҲûˡٸЦЦȥɱȥˡ
֮һֱûбĲ˹
»ʿȥſˣͼ˴̣ҽȴǸŮߣӢĶԼֵӿŲ̫á
Ůʿʲô𣿡Ӣʡ
̫Сˣ̫ˣ֪ܻܲȥҽܵġ
ȻСܻȥǸǿĺӣһǿĸסҽ˼䡣
ǷﻹӢŮʿͰ»ҽһ·˵Ļöģ˵һֱڸҽߡ
ҽ˵ҽΪЩ־Ը߶ĵԵʲ֣֣άºҢˣȴȵؿ
ôദȻ֪ѧʶ治֪ܰӢ˵ôá
û뵽㾹ȻӢġ֣ά³Ծؿ
ǰѧͻȻ÷Ҳᡣ
֣ά£
Сڽ̻ѧУ飬ѧӢķģ˵Ҳûô׼
˵ʱĽ̻ѧУǴСͽ̺ѧĵģͼЩͬǵĹҡ
ϧЧ̫ãܶమ꣬Ǵӽ̻ѧУҵġ
̰Ǹ˺ܾá
˵˿ڱһδεþƾȻĹͷ½Ӻá۵˷һѹסˡ
ǸŮˣе㺦£ǾƣͲ˵ʲôˡ
ôĶϽܲΪ˺ˡ
Ĺͷû飬ֻǶˣ˵ܱסҽӢĵ
Ҳһ
Ƕϣ˳¡
˶ˣҽҩľ̶ȫ֮һ˲Է
ϳԵǰ׷֮⣬ֻ̲ˣûޡ
ٷǸŮôϸһԣǿӲظһ뷹ﻹһȡ
ָ꣬뼦
û˵ʲô˲ȱڳԵġǮ򼦵֣ά£صһЩ⼦˵ǸǸ˳ԡ
ԹѾˡ
û㹻ĴҲҲŰ壬ٸֻŪܶൾݣڵôҴ̡
ҺͲһסϿһ㡣̰
ҽҸһɣʱԻࡣ̵
̰Ӧ
ǸŮҲһ𣬵Ȱˣҽסһ𡪡꺢ûãֲչ˲ˣûҪ˯š
ڴϣԺģ͸ҽȴںĵ˱졣
˱죬ҽҲˣֻǣıúɫ棬ŷǳϲıӣ̰ıӣȴװɫģһ㻨ƶûС
ӷһͦġ
֣άºҢû죬Ҫ̰ͻȻ
̰ô˵Ҳеͬˡ
ҲʹԼһ˵ı죬ںĵطֳȥ
οﻹиûб죬ֻ˸̰óһ̺ӵĲˡ
ԼĺްǸ˸ˣֵҽҵС˵Ҫôдˡ


41 Ѱ
˵˵𣿡ҪдС˵, ̰ʡ
ЦЦҾһ£漰һЩҽѧ֪ʶҪŪ, ϣҽָ
á̰Ц
ͦƵ, Ҫкúõķôܲס
ȻѾ, ͸̰˯͹˱ӣڵ̳ɵĴ졣
ҽƪС˵һʼ׼дʱ򣬱ǷϺ, ϾʱϺ˽⣬һ, µı, Ҳˡ
͸̰ԼС˵
̰ҲһЩ
ͻȻ֣̰عû, Թʱĺܶ龹Ȼǳ˽⣬ũյ״Ҳָơ
ڣ̰ṩ˼д
ôһġһЩ뷨, ֻˡ
ҹķܴҲ, ͸ŵķ϶Ⱥϵһ㲻ʣ
ҰѴҵȥ״
ӵǽģôûݶˣ粻´©Ҫˡ
Ŵ򿪣ԼĴסţٰŹϣϵķ϶дţűϵķϵҲϣͺ˺ܶࡣ
ںãعͷȥͿ̰þƾò˵Ķͷ
Ǵ˲ҩģонʹҩ
ЩҩܳԵģ֮ǰѾ˳ˣֻ¡
״ӷˮƿﵹһˮȥǺΣһˮι
ҪҺˮֵģû
һ죬һչ˲ˣʱôϢعȥˣҽóһߵļʱõֱϣʾʱѾ˵ʮ㡣
ҽ컹Ҫȥ˯ɣҿˡ飬ܲһֱ죬˯
̰еɣ룬ǵã״ֱ仯ͽҡ
Ӧ
̰˯ˣ͹ԼıӣڱʼǱϴݸ
ϣһֱڷգ״û̫
ңʹһЩ춯ˣʱ˶ϰ˯
¶˯ĸҽҲӵݶˡ
ҽ㲻˯һʡ
ϰ˯ˡ̰ЦЦվ鲡˵
˸Ƿ׼ϸ
һţͿ˵ӱŸվ⡣
Ů§§Լĺӣʵû°ɣ
ʱû¡
ȥ𣿡ŮСʵ
ԣҪˡ
һŮͷźӽȥˡ
Ժ֣άºҢϴ˶˸к֣ά»Ƕˣһ˯ɪɪҪȥ򴲱ӣҪ𣿡
ˡҪ򵽼ֻ
һġ֣άµ˸硣
Ķˡ
֣άºҢȻֻһ챻±ӡ
ʱܶ˼ңҲͶҪȢϱŮҪ˵ʱ򣬻ӸˣˣܿⱲӸǵģԼʱļˣ±Ӷɺ챻ġ
ˣҪϸǺ챻ıӣ⻭Ҳͦġ
ٸ˰׷̲ˣ֪Ūһϻƶŵͷŵֱڹﳴ졭ݲõ˸ûԣʵ㡣
ͺˡ
ǶǮˣƭǵİɣ
ѿ˵ˣûǮġ
ұϳһƬرܰǿ𣿡

ԼĪ컹нϣڴ˲ٶԵʣ˶ѺöˣҲζˡ
֮ģдֵģĻֵģǶȥ˿춯Ǹˡ
ȥȥ˺ֺܶ࣬ģ˯ţҲû˯ֻڲ˵Ϣ˳д
ȻƼ˵ӣ䱸ؿÿ˵Ĵ񣬲ǿˡ
֮ǰŮ˱ɷֻǵҶ˿ڣɷȾˣû뵽ҽԼɷ½Ƕһ£˿
ЩˣŮļлҲ˼䣬ƴճ˵ˡ
ɴϵĲܣеͽ
ĸ˺ܺãмĶأԭܼҵӹͦãϧ߰꣬ͻȻüˡ
ȻĸףҲ̫̫е㡭ķ˵ǷˣҲ֪һЩԼɷΪ飬ի
£ŷ˺ܶ࣬˼û¶ܿ׬ͭԪʱƶ˼ˣ벻еʿ£ͻڴʮ̫̫
ÿ˸ͭԪٹһիЩ̫̫ڿҿҸһľǳ㡣
֣Сֵ֧ģʵϣͷ˻Щ飬̵ܷһˡ
ֻ̫̫䱾ˡ
ԼĪʮǰ˸Ĵʦ
ĺкҾʣϲʲôľͲҵıصϹˣǻͭԪȥʦӡ
һʦҲûʲô⣬ɺ̫̫һЩҲ֪ôģǶǸʦԽԽţ˵Ǹʦϵ·ģ౾¡
һʼǴԼҵĲ߼ȥʦͿʼѼǮʦԸΪʦҵ
˵̫̫
Ҳ֪ʦ˵ʲôǰӶӸ곤׬ǮȫȥǴʦԼҵһĶأһʦǷӡ
֪ˣһܾûҲ֪ȥأƴƴҪּңֳȥˡ
̫̫䱾
ļ˵Լǿ϶ԵģһҪʦȥ
ֵĵˣҲҪʦȥ
ǮǾ͸ҪʦˣôʦԼͶ̥
ܼҵļҵףǱˡ
Сʱ򣬱Լʱʱ˵ţʵҲǸʦһֱԲӣͲˣǸʦĺܣԼҲԽԽ
ֻܹԼӣôԼˣ˸Ů˵ϱ
ֿ̫̫֣ܻܴӶŪʲôӼԵõģҲ跨Ūͳȥ
ˣܼ֮󣬲ȵĶӣܸĶϱҸ⳥ӴʦһЩ֪νҩá
ûǮһҷԲˣҪҩиƨã
ʵţ̫̫ΪȴҲûͬܶ˰⡣
ҲͰ˵˵̫̫ĴʦǴʦб¡

ǸߣƽԱ˵صġ
һһУԴһοʵҲӦȥŸŵģ߰ԾƭǮģ
Ǹʦסû˵ʱӡ
Ůߵģշ룬зСѾͷ˼ңһ㶼ҽС
СѾͲֻʮţǸʦҲǲŵģ߶߶ģ˵˲顣
ǸʦϢʣûеˣ
СѾͷԭ˼Ķصģô꣬ѾȫŰܹˡ
Ҳûȫܹ⣬˵Ķ統ֳȥĶأǵػڡ
ûټʲôȴҲе㷢
˽һ죬Źȥˣ֮ܳһʱ¶ɲ˻ҪǺѻȥ
ԣҪ˴ߣֻһʿ
ͻȻʶԼȱǮ
ȱǮȴ֪ǮҪ͸
ѧѾصعڹ𾴣ˡ
һпͦˬģڱҲ͸һЩ
Ϻкܶ磬ǿ֮󣬶ʱ˳ⱾͷϧǣǾȻҲߣ
ȻˣʱߵģɲֹˣһЩˣҲߺܸȤҪ̸̸
ĳ½ɵĴѧ
ѧУԼֵǼ̸й飬˵˵ţ˵ˡѧ
ѧӦǴӹģ뻹ѧ˺ܶȽ֪ʶҪǴѧͺˣ
϶ʶһЩѧ
ҪҪȥڱʣ
ĳ
־Ҫʵҵ˹ҲšѧĽӹغܶ豸ͼҲôˣҪҪ
ﻹдһЩĶҪԼͲÿ˵ɫˣ
ҵ¾ȥڱʡ
˰
ʵĸѧǰѧģи廪ѧලרŹЩѧÿ¸ѧǼ֧Ʊ
ġѧܲԣʵϣѧǵĻǲġ
죬ֵѧε֧Ʊӡ
ѧ׼ʱյ廪ѧලţȻͷμģֲֹ֧Ʊ
϶ָǼд˽ˣѧЩΡ
ΪǼ֧ƱǸĸɣڸǼ֧ƱʱдĶ˵ӡСϳ֣ȡĸʲôġ
ѧ֪Ҫô粵ؾòô
üЩͷشϵţóһЩıֽһ
ǹڵţĪֳʲôˣ
ѧؿȥ֡һС˵


42 
ڱ༭
ԴӡѧʼڴڱϿ, ڱı༭ǣԽԽæˡ
һʼ, Ҳնߵ, ʱƣȴʼж
ȻˣҲʲô, ߶ͦӦġȨƵ뿴ݣˣûȨûƵô͸߸һ߾ˡ
ڡ, ѾǶˡ
ıֽһֱӡˢģôҲ㲻ٱ, 㲻ô, ҴŲ¥ĵַҡҵӡݵܱ³ٻ
ٻЦ֣Ҳ˵Ҳ֪
ҵӡϺĳ֮һӵһܴӡˢ, ӡˢԼ鼮⣬һЩĻ
Ϻڸֱֽܶ࣬걨ĴԼַԼӡˢ, ܶСұӡˢ, ڱһֱҵӡݰæӡˢġ
ٻ֮ǰ³ûн飬ʱͽӴ³򽻵ĶӡӡˢˡΪЩӡˢӡˢıֽӡˢĺһ㣬ʱʱ㽴ѼȥǸùϵ
˼߸Ӷˣ֪ܲĵַ³
治֪û¹ַٻ
滰ȷʵ֪סȻ̹ݣû˵Լסַ
ûȥ
ⶼһˣûҹʵҲͦĵģд飬Ǵڱˡ
³ãʲôûʳֻܵɣдһţת¥Σ
ҪٻһھʹӦ
ٻ³ߣЪһˡ
ģȴǸٻʶˣ
ϷͷûСƵģܶϷѧ˹ģҲϰáٻ֮һ
ʵϣƽĶãϰ˵Ϻ
ǣλȴʶؾˡλʵǸ˲õˣ
Ǹˣĩйˣûȥ٣ڸ£д£Ӱ˺ܶˡ
ǰڱΪڵĴͳƵۣͳŸɣץֻǳЩȻץȴҶô͵͵ˡ
ȻϺˣ֮óԼĻ˼ˣһѧ
༭áŹȣЦŸٻк
Ϻ֮ÿȥʲô飬Ϻıֽ׷ٱģ֮ǰҲֽдٻʶ֪Ϊǰǳȡ
æ˵ӣ£ʣôˣ
ģҸϺڳｨһѧУ׼඼ѾˣǻȱʦʡѧߣԸԸҵѧУ顣ȻбĹְҲǿԵġ
ٻ˵ѧԼûϹѧ
²СٻҲƭѧʵΪǸѧͲֻʮ꣬ûгûѧ
ȻЩȣˣҸˣ
ٻԼ֪ĸйصϢ
ͬһ뿪ˡ
ţٻֽӴ˺üˡ
ʱڳ֣άļ⡣
ʱѾӵĵ죬븵̰Ѿȥ졣
ôĹһȺѾԵʮֻ
ִúܿ죬¾ܳ⣬ʱũԼԲĿܸ̫ã
ͷһԵǲݣٸϹϷҶСָͷССʲôģβҲһٽβһҲû˻ȥɱǡ
֣ά򲻵⣬ֻ򵽼Ѽ⣬ΪٸղѣѼóԣר򼦡
ãҪڴסһʱ䣬ļǻᱻ֣ά¸ˡ
ţǸͻȻСѾ
һȻͿСѾźӴˣˣˣ
̰ϵȥҲæȥ
ǵͿ֮һֱգԺѾˣǿҪ
СѾͦȥģϧˣҲͲȥֻܽվһߡ
̰ȥһˣ˺ܶ࣬ҪϢ۲졣
ڵöˣܱ֤һܺá
䣬СѾͻȻˣһֱͷллллǶǺˡ˵ţͿ
æ̰Ҳ㲻
СѾûùˣʱеãȻ
֣ά¼СѾ͵ȥõԵģɷ԰ɣ
ЩˣԷСѾӡͦõġСѾʵǸڿˡ
һʱ״̬̫ԣûʲô£ڶ죬ͿʼŸɻˣ ˮ֣άϴ·ְɨĸɸɾġ
ڳԵĲˣŪġ
ôȥˡʱʱҪΣԼĶӣΪ˲Լ鷳ڴʱǼȥģˣŻᱳźӳȥȻʹ˻
СѾллȥóԵģ֣άӲһȣͺˮ
ûоܾżȥԼɷˣڳһټݷһ֮󣬿Ÿˡ
ߵĲˣٸڵǸӻҪһ㣬ټȻˣҪϢԵʣԭסǣһס졣
ǺܲӦġ
ڳʪĵϴ̣˯ڵ棬ɲô·СѾѾ˯ĵݱȥɹˣҲǾ䡣
͸ֻ̰һϣڶͻȥˣˣ֮󣬸ǲҪţŶˣɴ˯һ
ӵмΧ˸ȦȦ˻𣬶ȦΧ˵ݣһš
̰ѡһѺԶĽλţѡԱߵλá
ʱ仹磬֣άºҢŴ챻ı˵»ʿڵ桭ṵ̋ŲŲҽ㡣
̰źۼ˿һ㣺ʲô£
лҪ˵
˵һ~
ʱڱȽУܶ಻дһʼʹܿգȫдʵʷġǰддʱ̲סᵽ˹￪ʼ;ȫܿˣ
ԽǰԽ󶼼ܿգȻͿܳ飬˵ʷϺ˭˭ǵʷϣʵû˴ڡ
Щ˻ûʷԭֵͣ(ţ3)


43 صϺ
мŵĲЩ, ̰ıЩڣ˿һ㡣
Ѿ, λҽ̫ϲйܵĽӴ, Ӧûн񱡣
ЩӣΪ˶һϴ, ӲñùӡҲ֪Ūľ裬ϴϴš
ϰߴ˯Դ䲻룬ȴҲ̫
Դˣ, ܶҽн񱣬̰, ֢״ʵѾˡ
ЦЦ, ʵҽа취ԸǸʦ𣿡ǸƭǮ̫̫ǮӵһɶԳơʦҲʦ
ΪʲôҪ, Ų֪ҪӺˣ
Щӣܺ߿ɲֹһҡ
һ˼ң˸ɵ, ʦ֮󣬱֪ΪǼŮ񲻺, ȻһңͶŮٰŰ
ֱһ˼ңŵȳضվȣʦ֮󣬱֪ΪĶϱֺˣȻžҪӰѾӵĶϱϻؼȥ
Ƶʤ
һʵûʲô£ƭǮʱ򣬾ϲﳶʲôģЩ˻һף
̰һۣЦˣҸ»ʿˣȥʱ򣬻ߵسһˡ
ҽĹԱԸʦ
ǱȽϺó̰֡㻹ʲôʵ𣿡
ͷСѾҪô죿ʡҪǲùǴԸǸʦ¡
ʱǸʦץ̫̫Ҫ衭ӲСЩϴԵˡ
ҴǴȥϺҸӻ̰
ҽǸˡ˵Цˣ⻰ڷ˿
֪к˿ֶĸ̰ͦá
ҽ֣άͻȻǺһ
𣿡ʡ
ģһ£ߵʱСѾǮ֣άµǾô
㲻棬ҽѾҪǴȥϺҸܺڵĻˡ
֣ά±ǵԼֱӸǮʣ˵ģǾϲǸҽܵ
˯ͦģڶһ磬ʰ˶ʹͷСѾ뿪ˡ
˵̰Ҫ뿪мزУҪǩ˵ԺһӸ̰ɻ
̰ûͬ⣺Ѿˣû¡
ûУҲҽһӵĻܿ϶
̰ЦЦúøɻԼˡ
ȥʱǸһģȻûã˳ĵϣСѾźԱߡ
СѾĺӣӲһǿʱϸϸģأһʱܻز۵ӣˣܿ޵ʮ㡣
ôޡ
ÿһе㶯СѾͻóһ鲼סԼأȻιֻ̣Ҫһ̣̹˲Ͽˣڴŵˡ
СѾ͸Ųڸι̡ⲼҢģµطŮι̿ûôིʱأ·ι
죬ط֮ȥߵسǡ
µط˺η壬سȴ෴ĹԱ
»ʱϵе㶪
ҽóһЩ֤˵Ǹʦ֮ԱظһܹϢϾȥץ
˵ţ̾Ͱṩĵַµľ죬þȥץˣһ³Է
磬Ҷˣĸ̰ҲûоܾȻǾͳγڼ䣬Եõһٷ
ϯϼѼһȱ÷ǳζҲˣȵľƾȻǹڵġ
ֻǣţܾеȻζһϯȲͰ跹Ȳǰ֣άļ
ϯм£ͦ˼ġ֣ά²ǸԱȰ裬˰ϵ˸ˡ
СѾǸһԵģ֣άµ֮󣬾ͰѲͷŵǳԡ
ҲʣˣԵĸɸɾģһЩϸСļͷСѾ˶ӣ֣Ǻˡ
֣ά¸ϸ̰һĿ佱á
ȥٸסһϣȻźĸ־Ըһ𣬻Ϻ
ʱ뿪ϺѾȥʮһˡ
ʮһˣѧ֪ûС
һûУ¥עϸڣѧӦûô̡
Ѿعˣ֪عʲô

ȥ·ϣ־Ըˡѧ
һԲ
㣬ѧӦѾǵϲˡкܶ
û
ѧⲿ϶ûִˬôˬŴĻʲôıѾˬˣǸ
߿ˬʱôһ
ȻԤףȻͦʵкܶЩֻǿ£עˡ
Ϻĳ̹
ʱܶǮ˵Ӷ̣Щ̵˵ӣһ㲻ԼͬģЩá
ϷǰճϣǾ¥ĳҤˡ
һݴڱڿѧ
֮󣬾̲ס¥ǲвúõش˶Ȼȥ檣
鿴ȥˣ
ʵҲãʲôݣûǧǧô
⵹ҲǣԶȢ

˻ͦģʵûвΪ
Ա̫ɶˣ
ĳЩŮ˾Ǹԭǿ˵ġ
¥ٳĸܰɣ

ʱʲôľʲôĳЩ꿴ˣϲģڷʵ
֮͵ںܶ฻ԣ˼ңѼŮȥ飬ȴΪŮʶʲôֻΪ̧ۣԼ޸õ˼ңõļǮν̡
⻰Ҳ֪ôĴ˳ȥǵ˱ֽϣʱһ顣
ʱѾصˡ
ؼҵĵһ£ǰԼͷţúõϴˢ˼顣
ϴֿ֮ʼϸ²Щӵ顣
ڼҵʱ²ӼߣЩӲûʲô飬е㵣
ǲõңϺܱߵΰǲġ
磬ô˵ϺΰãѵͲˣ²

ͦϲ²⸱лӵġ
ϣ²һЩ֣˯ˣڶһʼܳҽ
ʱ½½дˡҽǰһ֣Ѿ޸Ĺܳһˡ
һʱ䣬ǧ֣ȻԹ緹ʹųдõġҽڱ༭ȥ
ѧҪˣȡѧ꣬ҽøϡ
Ϻô磬ϾؤʲôĶѲ˸ϳȥˣһƲ
ӵ糵һ·ߵڱ༭ſڣҪȥ븵ͻȻ˳ס


44 úö
Щܶ, ˸ܺӣû뵽쾹Ȼᱻϡ
, ֮ǰѡѧĸҿΪʲôؿ

㻹Ū˸ٵַǣֵҶҲ㣡

, ӦҲǹġǲòҰɣȥү
Щ
ǰ⺢Ҳ֪ôģһ֮½, ҶӦ˳ӡ
Ҳò
ʲô˼̰⡣
ҴͷβûӦҪ㡶ѧĸӡ
Ұæˣ
Һܸл㡣ҲΪͰѡѧĸӸ㿴ʵѧĸӣǲǰ˿ġ
̰ĻһⶼûС̰˾Ϳ, Ǿ߱˵ġ
ǰˡ˽֮ŲЩС˵
ʱҪǴȥڱǱ߿϶⡣
Ϊʲô⡣
̾˿һֱô棿
ʲô棿ʣֵҲ, , һҪҡѧ涼дʲôҪȻʹȥү
ͻȻҼҵסַǹⲻ֪ġ
˵ʲôûзӦ֮, ̾ͳŭ⣬սȭͷ㡭ˣңôĵӣ
ҲСˣΪʲô꺢Ƶģ
꺢ˣˡ
³嶯ֻԼ, ôҶҪ˳㡭ǸʲôһֱԼδ𣿡
Ƕ໰ˣ˵ô, ֻ뵽ȥЩӡ
Щ£ûܽĻᣬû취ıԼˣֻľػţǲһġ
Ҿ㲻Ǵ֮ңӦҲȱǮԣʳǣԽܽ
ǣûаסᡣ
δС󣬼ʱô˵˼꣬Ǹˣ
°ͣеĵؿҵδ룬϶ã
ȷʣĸĸȷʵṩ˺ܺõĳעͱȱվøվԶȷɡ͵˳ʱ1ļͥȱ˺ãĸĸȱ˵ĸĸɫǾ൱1˼0ʲô101001000ϾˣǾֻ1ʲô˦Զ
ͷˡ
ǣЩͨԼŬ԰Լ1239ԼӼ0ҲЩˣĸ˺ܶ0Լʱ10ˣ㸸ĸ˰ٰʮ0Ҳ0
˵ԼʱըˣҾһʲôҲһñã
ȷǰ꣬»ǴģΣ
˵ֵһţ϶ᷢ췭ظı仯ڷ޵ЩԺôû֪˵ͨˡ
˵ԼҲȻܶд
֪ʷģΪ֪ʷŸʲô޳
µЩڵƿҵúܣ
Щͷбǹܳ£ͻȻʡ
´ƣϾñطַ־ñغϣԺǵĹҿ϶ͳһû˵˼ˡ
ڣҵȨʵǱٱģΪҲ㲻ͳһ
ͳһˡ
Լ뵽ʲôЩأܿ͵㵹Ǻܻ˵ҲǸˣ
Ҳˡҽ¥
סˡ
Ҽ֮ǰȥңӦöˣСѧĸʳǣӦûԽԽáҺܸϲҵ飬˵ôֻ࣬ϣȥˣúö顣
˵꣬ڱ༭ȥ
״һҧȥ
ûйֻ¥ߣ¥ݣͱסˣǲȥ
סģǸʮˡʣΪʲô
Ǵڱı༭һ˲ȥ˵˵껹ü˸һۡ
ע⵽ߺ
ȥ˵һ˵ˡⳡ棬֪Ǹ̫ˣٻòſš
һܱһֱҵأȥɣ
ÿλȥ
¥ȥҲ֪ôģ¥ȥ
ܿ¥ȻͿ˴ڱһڱ༭ٻҲˣ
ܱࡣЦЦ
Сӣٵһ͹ٻԸһЦſܶ߸дţǱ༭Ѳˣкܶ㣬Ҳˣ
𣿡ͻȻ졣
ǰٻӦһɨһ۸ȥˡϳˣû¡ֻΪסˡ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣һ𾪣Ҳͬסˡ
ûдԽǰѾ׹λǳݡ
λĩΪμά˶ͨһӵձֵĳֽۣ࣬ܶѧУա
ԭΪԣ꣬ӹòãȫѧӼù˹ͳһ֮ǰ
û뵽һˣȻҪԼһʱ־ϲеܳ
һţ⻹һЩˣҲšٻȻЩó
صؽЩȫյԼİְԼдġҽ˳Щӣҹ˼˵ڶ顣
ٻϲЦտӹӾ͵ƪС˵һдñ֮ǰĸã
û˵
ǾԼƪС˵дıȡѧҪõģⲿС˵һСѧôܻӭ
ٻӹӣͿһ̾˿ܿѸպˣдã
ЦЦָٻ˼䣬ȻǮư뿪ڱı༭˺ܶ߸дţòֻܹ˻ưԼȥ
˳Ҳȥ
һ˻ưŸ˻־ﳤȥ
ҵʱֻ˼Ÿֽʱȴôţ²񶼱˾
ЩǶ߸дţûȫǰҿɡ
ܶ࣬еһһֻܿڱѾɾѡһЩţҲܲϾⶼǶ߻ʱдˣֻʷѼĸġ
²ûʲô飬ǰſܶһǡ
ܹʶû֣ôɡ
ǲʶ֣Ҿˡ
ô˵ŴӦ
ʱǲдſ
ڿŵʱ򣬸Ѿ˸ҡ
һȥͿԼĸſڿ飬ʱһǰˡ
첻죬㲻Ͽȥˣ̧̰ۿԼܵܣһ
еҡȥˡ£
̰ԼĵܵһۣӦ֪¡
û£
̰Ͳˡ
ûһȥԼķ䣬һͻȻʣι˵һֱȥ𣿡
أ̰ʡ
ӦÿԵİɣôݡ
㵹Ǳš̰
ʲô˼ü
ҪһţͲѼҾͳˡ̰Һ㣬Ҳ
һ㶡
ĸֵĶ̫СʱʵȫûָоΪʱֵ̫̫һŮסڹ⡣
ֱǰЩ½½ĻعٲǴŵĶһ޶СүˣǰӵϺԼš
Ժô죿ѿڶ
̰úö顣
лҪ˵
and̰úö顣
TT


45 
˷, ˶µġ
ǰ飬Ѿò, ֻǵôԼм俪ʼ, ȻԼĵȴζģʱضһȺ, ȥ飬߰˸Ӷŵֳʳ
ʱʹģҲһֱˡ
Ȼ, 䲻ʹ죬ʱԼﶢ, ѧò, ʱѧУʦԼ˵ʴӱ, ֮޲ðеĺôʶá
ʱ򣬴ԼҲǶģúö飬׽, ܵúϡ
ϧӹʮ, ʹˡ
ӹˡ
⣬˵Ǹģڼﱻ׷ԺӴҲϺúΣöá
ｲȫһرб£ջûã˶˵ֺ˸ʤ
ٹ꣬ҲˣǾ͸˲ˣ
ٲѧʲôʲô˵ƾݣܹһӳԴ
Ҳʲô֪ԼĴ粢ϲĸס׶Сʱ䣬ڶ꼶֪
͸ɴ˳ˣôһӵǹñСʱҪ̹
Ȼ󡭡ͱӵϺˣնˣ͸¶ͷ顣
ϺӣúܱģҲֻˡ
Ͼһжʱġ
һֱãٳһ㣬ǿ϶ɶɶˣ˭Ҳס
ڴŲʹˣȥң
ɽ챻ôһ˵ﲻЩϰµģؼ֮Լָôһ𰸡
ͻȻ뵽Ҫֳʲô顭ǿ϶µģҲõģأ
ޣֿ϶£
ǣֲ¡ѵҪһֱȥ
Ǹ֪ģԼĻţ˼ˣ֡
ȻҲû
˼
ЩҲĵʱרȥҦǱʹҲ֪һЩ¼ҵ飬֪Ǽһʵ
ڣԭôڴڱõͣأڱŶȥ
ԭȲںЩϾЩҪ֪˭϶Ҫͽ
ⷴ롭ҪûһõǲǾʲôˣ
ķҵģͷһ̧ƼԼ̯Ĵڱ
һЩֽץһֱӾͶݽǡ
죬Ҫ֪ϲŮ˵ô˵ģôһ
⡶ѧˣ
ɲ֪˼
Ѿҵӡݵܱ³˵ſˡ
дĲֻ˵Ҫһ棬³ϣԳ桶ѧ
ѧⱾ飬ҲԸģţʹȥȥһҵӡݡ
ϣǰһ˶ɣһڵĲˡ
ʱˣһˣټõǻͣϺܲÿôһĻһֱȺˡ
̵Ķýմһ£óԵĺܣҲůˡ
ûʲôģͷǮĵײЩ⣬ⰾͣŽȥһҲˮˡ
˯ˣڶܳǧֵġҽȻʰһԼͳȥˡ
˵ַȥ֮ǰȥһЩ۽
ѧ֮¼ŵִܶѾ֪ˣ֪ĴڣΪѧдᵽλʦ
ﻹᵽ
ƽֳҶ֪Ϊ룬Ҳȥԡǣȥʱ˸֮ʳܸˡ
ΪǱ͵ģܹسԡ
Ϊƪ£ŻصϹ
ĶŮˣѳɼҵҲסһ𣬲δϺڸԼѧסһ
ѧϿʱҲλѧϣ֪Ǹ˲õˡ
󣬾˶ʱҲиŵ˽⣬֪һЩ֪
֪֪ҪôǴӾЩҪôºܶƷңǶʱܶ˲ٹ׵ˣʵ˽⡣
˵Щѧ˽ģλƷдµˣҪܶࡣ
Ȼˣʵĵӡ
һסλѧ˵Ҳѵ¼ˣǲ֪˵ġ
κͤңϻ²ٲһ
һоֻһжҲ
ǣЩɢҲƣ˺ܶѧУ
ѧСѧԼʦһ˴ѧǰϺһְҵѧУˡ
֮ʣңգٺ
վϺϺˣֻ֧ţսһԱӻյĹµʱԼѧ˺ܶգЩհԼѧУ
ٶļҲҲסô˰ɱΪɥ£ҲǮطҲѾ⡣
λκֵͤþġ
ʵסκͤеģκͤΪһǮˣмΪԣ
ҵκңκӶ˵ĴߵʱֻԼһ硣
ƯС¥ݻŷʽװޣĵ̺̺ǶþߣȼŻı¯
֮󣬴δۼǰӾ￴ĸ󣬽쵹ȫκҿˡ
Щеˡ
ϰĲƣʵеϲ̨档
ϰĲԵĿͻȺ壬Ͳϲʿôˡ
һط˴ųӵ
¥ŹȳЩȡ
áҽ
˵ţԼ
ͦˣĶ͸ˣһкɳ£һߺӶˣЩȥװ̣͡
û뵽㾹ȻôᡭЩпҲ֣д£Щ˲еġ
Ҳ֪Լڵ⣺㣬дʱʵҲеܶطûдãȫǺġ
ҵû£һΪȥѧ
ֻ˵Щѧ顣˼˵
ôˡѧ˵һЩѧ״
ǵĹҪѧҪһѧɲˣЩ˳ȥѧѧϰ桭
ʱ˽⣬϶Ȳˣ֪˵ÿ仰ҪϺü˵
ԼĪ˵ͷˣԽ˵Խˣһ˵һ߳۽
Ӷ˰ĶһЩʳװ˼ӷֱߣֻ΢˼ڣÿӣٰӣרĳԡ
ţŴ򿪣һʮ꣬ŵ˴


46 µĹ
ĸߴ, ӢʸǳȺ, һͨͨĺɫ, Ӳ
ʶˣȴʶǰ, Ӧþⷿӵκͤκִͤ
ִκͤϵʱκͤĺڰƬʲôӣڼˣŷκͤʵڡ
ʦ, пˣκͤʵ
ǡѧ¥ȽŲ, ʱûվ, Žһ
ȴѾվˣκá
κͤһܸȤӣǡѧߣû뵽㾹ȻôᡭڹѧǻѧѧУҵģ
ĽѧǻѧĻѧ֪ʶ±ִĳҪϾδϵͳѧ
Ҳ, ѧУ飬ԹдģòдʱҲֻдӸҽ֪ʶ
Ҳȥѧ, ⲿҴӱһЩ飬ӹдġ
κͤеʧֲЩҿŲ̫, һǹģдġڹڶʲôѧУʲôרҵ
ݳ󣬶ѧȥ꣬ΪĶ϶ģѧƾûУһӢĺͷġ
κͤ۾һſڵʱֱӾǷˣķģǸ˭ѧģ
ǸһӢѧġͬ÷ش𣺡ᷨӢе֣Ͷѧˡ
㽫ѧⱾıӢҲΪ
ǵġ
κͤһʼ÷죬Ӣʻʲô÷Ӣúûشˡ
ܸܵκͤǿ̽
һģãڼ䣬ֳϵĹȫˡ
ӢĺͷĶ˵úܺáκͤû˹ġ
κ˵ıһҪáЦκͤӢͷ˵ıҪȻܶࡣ
˵˻ˡʱ̾ЩѧĵģӢĺͷģζѧᣬŪˣǷ˵ʮţΪʲôҪ˵ĸʮʮӾš
κͤԼʦһֶۣڹ˵ôãճȥʱҸЩ˵Ƕûܰ˵ôã츳Һ̫ࡣ
еִǻǮ˲ֹһ̣ȻһһƵֿ˺ܶӰӾ磬Žѧģ½½ѧ˼ꡭ
κֵͤԸԸҼĴѧ飿ԭˡѧȥѧУﵱѧʦģٲȥڿҲãڿʺϵʦӢʦ
ƾûУ²ȥѧ顣οûо飬ӵܡ
ȥѧ˵Ǻܴġ
ϱдС˵̫١
ӵн壬ܱ쳵ȥߣοиȶ룬˵ǻ¡
ҲҸ߹ԼӢĺͷǲûнѧ飬СȥһȺѧ϶ǲеġ
ֵοֻ̣ܽô룿˵ѧ̫֡
ôһ˵κͤҲеɡ
κСѧ߳ȱʦĻԸȥ̵ġ
⻰һڣκͤԸȥѧǾٺòˣҰһѧȱӢʦ
˵꣬κͤվԸ⣬ǾͿԶԼֻѧ˽˰ģûеѣʦнˮߡ
нˮÿ¶٣ʡǲôнˮģκͤˡ
ÿֻʮԪκͤЩÿҪڿΣÿҪ졣
ÿ¶ʮԪнˮʵѾˣȷʵ࣬ȥ̻ѧУĻнˮ϶ֹ
˼ҽ̻ѧУҲһҪ
ԡӦѧ
ƽѧκͤ
Щȣû뵽κͤ˵ѧȻƽѧ
Ӧȥƽѧʦ֮κͤͶ˼׽ŷ֣κͤеĲͬ
ĲͬǡλסźլĴүں
ʱκͤĸ׻ֻκͤôһӣԭκܴͤ󷽣κͤɣһİŪԼΪ˰ѧϵһЩ档
Ȼ󣬾кµκǰ죬˵ӿ䵱գǲκҲˡ
κκͲϲӡҵŪʲôκͤȻɳϵ顭ֱӾͣÿ¸κͤĴʻ
κͤκҵĴլסţȴûʲôǮ׻ųҪٸҽ̣ʹȡ
ʷϴȻԭһ桭ǰκͤŵǸʻһЩ
κͤ緹
緹˲ֻ࣬ĲһȴǷǳµģ˵ֻնž͸ȫͬ
һԷԼĪǳԶ۽ֻԳ˼ڣκͤԵҲ࣬뷹
ǣȻͽһưȥҵӡݡ
ҵӡ³ţó֮̾ͱ³ǰ
³ǸݵˣЦβ¶·
СЩС³ᣬΪС⿴ء
ͣдѧ¿дС˵
ʱڣС˵Ƿǳ׬Ǯġ
ִ߳С˵ðٷ֮ʮİ˰Ѿ㲻ˣڴʱϺðٷ֮ʮеģõٷ֮ʮ࡭Ȼˣʱһ֮Ϊɷѡ
⣬ĶҲټ٣һгȥ߳飬Ҳܴ׬һʡ
ȻˣڻǸˣ̫ߡ
³ոļ۸ǰٷ֮ʮİ˰
Դû飺Ұѡѧ޸ĹϾ
κ̸֮ͤͻȻʶԼдġѧʵ©ġ
ڱֽϵǵģѾû취ˣĻ㽫Щ©ȫĹ
뿪ҵӡݻؼҵʱʱѾˡ
ϣ̵²һЩ֣дһǧֵġҽϴ˯ˡ
ڶ죬ȥ˳ϰ͹ݡ
ϰ͹ݻװޣδװ޺ãҲûͣ¡ϰ͹ݵſڣ˸ɫ
ըź嵰еģţ⣬˺⺺ͼ⺺߸Լģζĵϡ
ô֮뾹ȻٳÿնʮԪĽˡ
Ƽϰкһ⺺
⺺Ƭ廨⣬ʱۣζΪ
ãƾϣȳϰ͹װ޹Ƴֿһܴ׬һʡ
ϰѾ˶ʮˣƹģҪʲôԴһ뿪ˣǰƽѧ
κͤԼˣҪȥƽѧһְ
ƽѧԭӣͦɵģŵȳͷú¯ˮ
κֱ֮˵⡣
κУں桭Ҹ˸·ɣȳȵͷ˵꣬ͺСѾ
СѾû뵽һֵġЦЦ뿴ѧУķСѾǸôˣͿŷֱģźӵķСѾˡ
СѾȡ
£ʵ
ǰջϺ֮󣬷СѾ͸Ÿ̰ˣո̰˵׼ǰŸɵĻȸšû뵽ǾȻƽѧ
ǰҽ߸ɻ˳㿴ŵĵܵܡСѾڸѧҼͰջʲôġð
СѾ۾ģǶδΣʱ˵״̬Ѿһμʱȫͬ
ѧУ﹤Ǻܲ
СѾͷѧУܳԹסÿ»ĸнˮȵöˣûʲôҴǮȫţСˣ飡
Ӧö飬飬ԺͲһˡ
СѾЦ
òÿ۾еСе͹Цžã
СѾһ·ߣûһһСǰκУ棬ȥɣ
СѾԼҽȥԶԶؾվסˣȴֱ˽ȥ
κͤȻ棬һŸƾɵķӸĺ档
Ӽġ
κͤкȥһŵ񻨺ľϣȻ˵Ĺݡ
ʱڵĽ磬Ǳձѧ˰ѳֵģ̿ҲǰձĽ̿ĵġ
Щ̿ʵãܶѧУǲõģЩ̻ѧУǰõʲô̲ģڻʲô̲ġ
ƽѧ
κֱͤӵѧУȱٽӢĺͷĵʦѧϻûн̿飬Ժôϣʲôϣ㡣

һѧûбҵˣôִ̡ܷ飬ˡ
һؼҳԷɣҼеĻʳһ㡣κֵͤ
ƽѧǻѧṩѷʳģ֮ǰһ㶼ѧԼˣκͤӸЩͷָѧģ͸ĳԼ׷ָѧˣѵ̲ѧǺȡ
áӦ
̸ãһȥ
ʱѾ緹ʱˣѧһѷشӽС
һ۾Ϳ
һܵǰôҪ飿
϶ǮˣҪ顭ʻʵѾ϶һ㣬ʱе㼤䵽ˣҸ˵ҵĵ̣
⼫ˡ
κͤüͷȴ̾˵ʲôأ
κУſκͤһεЦҾ˵˵ġ
ֻ˵˵ͺãԺҪʦ֪𣿡κͤ
ʦסˡ
ȴͻȻ뵽һܡܺӣòǸ̰ĵܵܰɣ


47 
֮ǰһֱΪܺӽС, Ҳȫû룬ܺӵȫ
, ̰̫ˣ
̰ѷСѾŵѧ, ǿԼĵܵܣ˵иܵ顭
һѾؿŸ
ǰˣ̰˵û˿
ò, ˵ò۾ӣȫһԸô̰Ըô, Ǻǣ
κУ˵ʲôʦ㶵ʵ
λԺӢʦ, Ƕһ, Ҫ˸ҶʦʰؼңκͤᣬѹסЩѧͶΧѧ
Щѧؿ, ȴըˣŶôܵʦ
ѧУʦֻûʵѧκͤü˸һۡ
ʵʮ͵ʦȷʵеСˣͷ, õʦ̫ң
ƽѧУһֱӢķʦ, ӦƸģҪôҪнˮ̫࣬Ҫôˮƽ̫
ûֻڹڸűѧӢķĵˣܶ෢׼˵ֵֹģһЩ˽ֻʶЩʣû취˶Ի
ˣǿϵģɴԼʦȥѧˡ
ֻǣͲǵʦϣ̵úܲãҲˣڳѧʵûգ
ûϹѧôʵѧֵ
ͬѧ򸵻ΪʲôҼ
ѵǣʡ
ȻҦǱߵ˵ϺǮˣ֪ƭ˵ġ
ҪҵǮˣõϷȥǵ
ҼȻǾ޸ҲŵڣҸ׸ȥձѧڱЦ
ı齩סˡ˵һѣԼȷ˵ԼԭдһѧǮĬǰˡ
ֱƭˣ
Ȼû˵ľȥѧ϶ˡ
ﶼðˡ
Ͳȥˣǿκͤκ߰ɣ
κͤȥǸߵſڣһСͣǰ
κ̩ͤȻȥк
֮ͷһȻͷΣʵڲô
ʱִмܷɻˡ
κʵǮ
ҰְӣŵͷұˣǲǮκͤЦ
֪Ҫô⻰
ʵκҲܲôܼҶӡ
׻ǲκͤ˽
ת˱ģκƽѧ̰ҽϰģ
ʶ̰κͤʡ
ʶдѧʱ򣬻˲⡣
ֲЩϸ죬ԭģκͤ˲Ӧͬ׽
ͦ޳κͤĻģʣ֮ǰλǸҽĵܵܣ
ǵġκͤͷ̰̾´ŬҲ֪ô£Ȼ̯ôһܵܣ
·ϣκͤ˵Щ̰顣
͸̰ڹʶģ̰ع֮ٶϵϡ
ʱƽѧѾУһЩѧʽв㣬֪֮󣬸̰һǮѧУҲи̰һ룬ܵǸˣȴҲøߣֻھͺãҲѧУ¡
Ӧ
κҵķĲһ
磬û۽ԣҲͳ˲٣˽ĲһԵĸɸɾ
֮óһֽɵĺκͤд֣ʷѣѧ˰ɣ
κͤҲ飬ֱӲǺ⣬ȡһׯƱ
һۣʮԪ
ʮԪͨ˼˵һʺܴĿһѧ˵ֻǱˮн
Թκͤȥƽѧ
ƽѧһа˸ʦһһʶ˽һƽѧѧѧϰ״
ʱѧƽѧЩҾһѧ鶼Ƿǳģ֮ǰκͤԽӢķģ˵ѧһ㣬Ѿ˲١
ûнѧ飬ѧӢķĵʱ򣬿˺ܶľȤζĽ̲ĺһЩγ̣Ҳǽѧ鼫ΪḻģҲá
ǵһ죬ûΣͻؼȥˡ
һؼң²Χ
磬ѧôģ²ʵ
˵ˡ
ð²ЩпκǸˡ
˵ͷ
ԺҲҪȥƽѧ²ֵ
áҼҲһܿϡ
²Цˡ
죬ԹͿʼ²顣
ʹκܷͤѧУдκͤʱһڴӦ˵ֻҪϿΣѧУдһⶼûУڣϿʱѧУҲǿԵġ
ƽѧʦ̫ߵĹʣҲֻܾʦɵĹˡ
һֻڿΣһСʱټϱΣʱԣʣµʱÿдС˵ѾѡҽȥѧУдˡ
ͬʱ²ҸѧУҲճֻ̣Ҫȥ²Ҫȥ飬һ˴ڼеġ
¼һѧϰʱ򣬸̰͸ոճϷ
Էʱһֱҧгݵģ̰ʵôˣ
ûʲô
̰ͲȥˣֻԼԶ
ֻǣųûڣʣιǲǺûã
̰Ҳƽ硱飬ֻǵġ

ƽѧȱˣڶ죬͸ѼϼϽ̨ˡ
Ҳų⡣
ͦõģܼ飬չһԼʱ
ʱڣЩǺҪġ
ȥڱͶʱҲţһֱˣϸ룬ȴʶûҪͦɵ
һЩ鲻סģһҪúãûеĻ˿㲻˳ۣҲɱˡ
ԼĽ壬Ͻ̨̩ȻӢĸЩͺҪѧ˸к
øĽģͦ߻е߹ͷиףѧõΣҲµģ̨ڰЩˡ
ѧУ濴ƾɣ浹ȸСȫ
ҲǣκͤˣܲڰԼѧУŪ̫
Щѧ
һд֪ѹͻȻе
ͬʱҲȥˡ
ͽɣʵҲûʲôµģ
վڽ̨ϵģôڽĸ


48 ѧ
β, ʱӿѧκͤһʼܹ, ֹܲס֮, ȥˡ
̰˵ˣֻҪ£ôá
κͤ, ʦ͸ˡ
εô࣬һ࣬һҲ١
Ҳôŵ˽棬ʲôʲô
дһֽ, һӸǰСܡ
ֻǣСֽܼ֮, ֮ķŽڴ, ȴȥר־ؿ
ƼһĻòУֻñСܱˡ
Ҳ, šȻҲĶˡ
ڸǽӢʷ
ǵһÿΣûҪ˱ʣɴȽ˵ʷЩѧӢȤ
ϲĶ, ʷҲܸȤϱӿܶҵʷ, Ҳ
ȻˣʷĲǼ귢ʲô֣ЩʵҲǲ塣
ʹȻҪһЩʷ¼Ǻ˼ʷ¼
ʱһЩ򵥵ľӣֱӾӢ˵ˣ˳дںڰϣд˼
µѧú棬ÿдʲôسʼǱϡ
ϱӵһصеʦʱʦܱԹ˵Щӿصж֪ϧϿβڣȫû⡣
ÿӣø档

ڣŷʵڷһǣ˺ܶҵսⳡսĵǰٵ۹Ļʴϴ󹫷ѱǹɱ֪ŷսǵһսȻô˵
ʱˣɲƺεսΪһս
ִѧ㲻ϲţԵϵĸңҲһ˽ģ֪ʱ鿴ʱѧ֪ӢЩң磬ʵûô˽⡣
ĺܶ飬ǰȫ֪ģҲø档
֪¿ˣȴδ
ãһĻ
ǸңѺڰϵľһ
ȻЩѧüΪ׼ķӢ
ѧӢһҪϧʱϺûе̨Ҫ߰󣬲Ϻйĵһ㲥̨ӻ͸˵ˣӰҲճֲãĬƬ¡
ȻˣѾˣǽ
ΣͻԼİ칫ҡ
ѧУһøĽģǰ漸ݻи᷿ĳ˽ңúԭĵĹȲ֣򱻸ĳ˽ʦ칫ңѧᡣ
ƽѧѧǻؼȥסģҲһЩѧԶ͸ɴסѧУ
ѧУסܲЩѧԼڹȲ̣ͨһ˯ŵġȻˣʱ˵ѾˡܶͥԼҲôסġ
ʦ칫ҵĻκͤһİ칫ңʦһ칫Ҵŵġ
ƽѧʦҾಢʺڣ֮˸һдͶ壬Ҳ˺ϰ˱ֽ
ǱֽĲô˵ƺÿ¶ڿǮ
Щһ칫Ҵţ˵Ȧĸо
ЩˣѺãⲻѧκͤǽܹ˵ǡѧߡ
ѧĽ֣ôϲû˵ֻ֣Ǹôһ𰸡
ЩҲͲˣҪѲϲĽָʳˣǵǿǲ͵֪ȥ
ܡѧĽΣͿ˼⣬ܹһ顣
Щ˲ˣ͵ͷѧУṩİֽӢдӢСģЩСȫдкȥԷֻߴһ֮ģõĵҲ򵥡
ѧԾҪ࿴쿪ʼÿѧһƪСġ
дöģָ˰༶ＸӢĻѧ֮дʮƪָͬѧ
ԼҽҪдš
ʱĺܶңͬʱʦ߱༭ʲôģҲ֮һˡ
磬һڿΣдƪӢСģ޸ĸģдǧֵġҽ
Ȼ͵硣
κͤ첻ڣڣҲȥκҲ䷹ԡǴԺÿˣѧУԣʡʱġ
ڽ죬ԼͬȥĲ͹ݳһ١
һٷҾ͸Ϥˡ
ƽѧܿӦʱ򣬡ѧڿǵ˽֡
ѧһ£Ϻ鿴ˣѾ֪ˣҲ׷
죬ͯǸոűֽϽ֣ϰͽסǣˡڱ
űֽȥƹ
ƹţǸԱʱ򣬳ϰ˼ˣһĴȾ͵ãˣӦץǹӶ
иԼŮҵ˽ְϰЩãȻ˭
ֱͻȻ飬ʶʵŮǣһʱЩ㶣ˣԸȢҲˡ
ŮҲǸݵģȻԼ
Ҳ֪Ǻôˡ

ƹϵıָֽġȫꡱֵѾдˡ
ʲôдˣϰ弱ˣĴС˵һ˻û꣬ôдˣ
ƹҲػֽ
Ůѧ
һǰͬѧƼ¿ˡѧ֮󣬾ͳˡѧʵߣÿ춼ڱ
ڱǼڿˡѧıֽû򵽣רŸ˽ˣȻдԼıϡ
Ǹģ¥ΡĹ£ٿᣬڿѧ֮ǰϲǣǡ¥Ρļֱ
ڣýȼֱá
ֱٺãҲǹʱˣȴ·ߣŬзܶĿˣβϲ
ƽС죬˵һҪҸˡ
ˣϲŮ˼ˣûΪġ
Ҳ֪ûʶõˡֽ̯
һܿͶ˽β
ȫꡱ֣˶е£ͻȻֿ
µĽ֣еϡû뵽ڷô֮󣬽ȻԸȢǸŮӡ
еΪֵȴֲ԰εظϲˡ
һŮ
ȻˣЩ˿ⲿС˵þһ£ΪǳҲЩˣ۵㲻鰮档
𵩴ѧ֣άҲոտ꡶ѧ
Ңһȥ֮󣬾ͳ˺ѣһ걨ֽ֣ά¾͵ֺã
ȷʵҢӣԺһЯǰУΪǵĹף
ǵͬѧ¥ôдȻҪᶨֱǰҪ·ϵջ·ֻ׷ԼҪģ
İˣԼᶨ֮ˣ
ǰ˵һλúӦȻҵ˺ۣҲҰ



49 顶ҽ
ѧдôһ, 뵽²
֪ǰʲô, ֻҪǿ, ҪԼδϣ
²֪˸ʲôӵ, ۾Ҹˡ
ڣܶ˴пһĽˣ˶ǳ
̹˰ϵġڱ, ǸϹӡ
ʧŮˣǰú, Ȣؼҵ̫̫ҲǿԵ, ˣȢʲôȢ
һЩѧ¥ôдʵ˷绯, 飬Ů˾ܿ
Ҳи˾彭غΪˣַۿһЩŮ, ֽʾͿʼ¥дš
дС˵¥һһ֮ˣ
ϰǸͨ, ûô࣬ȻҲȢݵŮӲ̫ãȻϲȢҲȢˡ
οŮˣҲЩ˲á
ţŮҲǸﰡܺĻԼòˣʲôɣϰ
ƹ񲢲ɿϵıֽ
ڿʲôϰʡ
¥顣ƹ˵ͳ̾һ
дʲôĪǽȢ֮飿ϰ£ҽ
ƹҡͷѧûϵҿٸ㽲
ƹ˵꣬濴
ѧС˵дĲƹˣʵ̫о
ⱲӾֻ̫࣬ԼСӣЩȹ֮飬Ѿȥˡ
Լ˵Ӷ˲ãﻹ˵ϱˣ
ǣ¥顶ҽȴڿԼĸоҲǡҽһС
ٻġѧ֮󣬴ڱ½ڿˡѧĽֵһڵĴڱϣ顶ҽ
֮ǰٻˡҽֻ̾ȴҲϣһС˵һܰĸξĺС˵
дѧʱԽΪǣΧƽдģҽͬдʱС˵ƣûΧƵдд˺ܶˡ
ҽĿƪдϺһСӡ
캮ضһճĺӣ˻㡣
ӵӣ̶˺żͺȥϣҸ򿴿ȴ˵ӵû㣬ŷѪͺˡ
Ȼ󣬺ӵͿһλ̫ţӷѪ
ںϣӵѪӵĸǰһƬѪ졣
ͻȻԼʱ龰
ͷһ֮޴룬ͱ˲񷿣ûжıͷٯŪ࣬ûͷˣ
ΪŪ౻ӣµģòڲ
ûУʲôֻӳ۵ĸоʹ޲ιȥ˸˵˵Щȫڲſ죬û
˵ͷһ̥ûô졣
Щܲסѵһ٣˵̣̫ͣСû
ӵˣţļҵŮ˾ãŰѺڳʱ򣬲СİĳҲ˳ôӲû
Һˣںҹ۵û鴤
Һãáһϣˡ
µĵһΣûˣпµˣĶŵġ
¥ΪóдϸںС˵һоǰһ㡣
ƹͷ·ǸŮӵͬʱƲסصĺ״
ӡû
Ůѧ
һͷֱֽϾȻ¥顣
һϲȴ뾹ô̹Ǻ䡣
˵ǼҽȻͬǼ˺ıӶûУҲһеǮ
Щ飬ֺһġ
Ľ֮ʱȥˣȻͿĽʹؿţȴڲġ
ٳٲºӣҪȥҽԺŲͬ⣬Ů˶ҪӣûҪҽԺ
Ҳã˺ӣ֪кܶŮŹء

𵩴ѧ
֣άºҢˣҲ¥顣
ˣС˵ȴҲᵽŮӵĿ־ͺ£ǻʱ飬˷СѾ
鲻硶ѧÿġ
һ£Ƕˡ
һˣ֮ȸ²ϰĹΣȻָǲһЩҵ
ûƴֵ䣬²û취Լ֣ϵֶˣһЩ򵥵ȴҲѾԿģ¼С
ˣǲõҵ֣Ҫǿ¡
ǿ߸дţȥֽ
ѧ֮һڿʼ緹
ǼǰǳݷģԴƽѧʦȶнˮִһЩ
ټûΡЩӣʣݷˣԡ
ȳȻѼʣŽȥС濾Űѷȣٷŵ㽴͡
ͽͣɢżζĵһ˾ܸɵ룬Ȼٺһ붹
²żĹȥ˼ģ֮ԷŴлͳ̵ģҲԷǳġ
һ㶼ǳ̵ģ²Ǹϲġ
Թ緹ʹһòװõ´ɱӳˡ
´ɱϸĲˡ
Ǽ˺ͳˣıͷ˰뱭ӵĳˣһ⡣
ƽѧṩѵ׷ģϲˣȥõ׷һ緹ͽˡ˵Ļ´ɱӽСѾСѾŰѲ˸ˡ
ƽѧǵס·ҪСʱһֱߵģ͵ˣ⣬һ·߹ȥ˳顣
죬ߵ·ͯţˣѧ֣һҪ滹¥顶ҽ
¥״οǣ׬
ͯôסһݴڱ򿪿˿
ڱͷǡѧĽˣڶ棬ǵľǡҽ
ԼС˵ȻأԿ˿ֽƽѧȥ
κͤѧУʦҪǡѧߵѧЩѧűģúѧӢģҲû͸¶£ȻЩʦѾ֪¥ˣѧУѧǲ
ѧУͿѧһ𿴴ڱû
ףͦġ
˰칫ңѧУʦ㾹Ȼˡѧôһ֣
ֲ𣿡ЦЦ
ʵҲͦõģе벻λʦʢʢԣҲ񲻹ʮͷ
ͦǮģ滹ĸ磬Ҳһɣƽʲôʲôѧʦһ׬Ǯһ컨õģҲû
ڣ˻ãʦѾǸְҵˡ
λʢʦ˺ϰһ־
־רһЩйصĶĳλʦԼдĽֻ̰߽֮࣬Ҫôѧ֮࡭ϧǵĶһ֮ԣõĶ࣬־ӡˣôóȥֻˡ
־¿Ǯġ
֮£ʦôǮ
Ҳû뵽˵˵һ磬ĸ׾ͿˣȻֱ˵¥ȻǸ֣˵˭ܼ޸㣬иˡҶ˼¥ʵʮꡣ
ҵǸҷ˵¥͡ҷ˵¥ãұ¥ӻСһЩ칫Ļѧʦ
λѧʦĩţϲ˻ѧǧټѧѧò
ֻǰ·ҵģ㲻̫ãҲֻѧ̽ˡ
˵һͨⲻ˵ˡҽ
¹£дԭҲǳ飬ţƫܰľһţѧʦֵ
ʢҲСд£ǰĶͬϸ࣬ϸڣ˿֮󣬺һС
⺢ӻΣ̲סʡ
Ӧò֪
⻰൱ھǸ߱⺢ӵ³ˣ칫Ϊ֮һ
ⲿҽ¿ɡ
⣬ǡǡʵдա


50 ޶
ƽѧĳ, ѧһ𿴱ֽ
ѧû̫Ǯѧ, ҲкܶѧҾʵ, ܾӪһСʲôġ
ϾҪûǮҲûѧ
кܶõóֽǮ, ˣʹҴ˿
ء
ܲɫԣ̫ˣ
飬رᡣ
дãͨ˳, ҲõúãҪժ, ´ʢʦµʱá

ʲôЩ, ̰һ䡣
֮ǰŲѧˣʵϻڼġ
ÿȥڱò򣬸οҪֽϵĴд¡ⲻǲСҲѡѧҲô
, Ҳѧ֮ǰͿˡ
֣ǺϲģȢϲŮ, ð
Ů޹ˡȻϲͲЩ
, Ȼô룬ѧдˣеȻ顭飬϶ˣ
磬ôѧˣһСʸǰѧУۡѧھȻ˵ˡ
ûʲôÿģͲˡ
ܺÿ˻磬֮ǰ˵ʦ¥Ӷˡ
ˣƭңŪ
磬û˵ŪˣҾʡʦϲʶ¥
üʲô
˵Ҿ֪һ¥顭¥ǲʦѰʦôһҲ
ǵȥҦù֮һ
ͦͬģһʼϿεʱЩɡôһǰôˣܵӢʦ
Ȼʵ֤ˡ
ʦĺб£Ӣ˵ķǳãмʶдǱЩӢĶҲǳãǱ֮ѾܶԻˡ
Ҳ֪ŭ˵
໢ϴ󻳸ԼСܱˡ
ʲôõģЩ˾ȻһһʦݵزУ
Ϊ˱ЩԽԽǼ¥ģ
ĹĵĸϿεʱ򣬵һۣȻ󡭡ֵһڿΡ
ԲΣֻץĴ
䣬ˣһѧУͰԼ´ɱӸ˷СѾʱ˳ԼѲ˸ȡ
˵´ɱִ˾úеĶʱ÷ǳ
ʱڻ´ɱӻ´裬ⶫзţֹ̩Ϊһࡣ
ӡ˻´ɱٻ͸ģڣҪʮһֻ
ĥţԼҪȱǮˣȥ칤´ƷȻ׬һʡȻˣҲ룬⼼ҲûбǮ
ҪȥԷȥȥԷʱ䣬ʢ
Ҵ˲ˣͲȥˡ
̫ŬˣԷʱ䶼ҪʡʢԵ
и룬ƽõĶǽķűӣȻֻΪ˽Լʱ䡣
ҲȷʵΪ˽ʡʱ䣬һȺ˳ȥԷģһһ˵ҲҪһСʱѧУԣܽʡһСʱˡ
ҳȥԣÿҪһëǮ򼸽ؼҳԸˡ
ѧУԵģֹн̻ѧʦ
ʦﲻôǮкüӻܴƽҲͺܽʡ
˳Էʱ䣬һȥ˷СѾ
ʱ󷹶ѧУ˶࣬ҪܶõĶľͰѧԼʢģڹ
ʦȥСѾ̾ʹ򿪹ǣ׼ӵмʢķָǶ
̲ζǲģź⳴˻̲һ뷹СѾʢķرѹһѹ붥ڼҳ롭
ʦҲһ뷹ĲһѼһȥ;ͳˣر·
ԹͿʼдҽ
ҽⱾѧҪһ㣬Լֻ֣߰ڣѾдˡ
⣬ѡѧ޸ĺˡ
˵ҪѧǴԼһ߸һܳģ⹤еٺִڱǱߣдġѧԭ壬˺üš
֪ڱǱߣиһСʱܳǧֵĳдԱ
ͷûиӡܶ๤λ䱸дԱдļڱλдԱҪֱѡпǵĸӣпͻĵַʲôģѧϲ¾ͳҲͳ˺üݡ
ӴڱǱһݣԼ˱ע޸ģ޸֮˼͸дԱԼܳ
ȻԭԼһ˳˵ҲҪڲܳĻǲ칦ͳˡ
ս֮ȥҵӡݡ
磬дһЩҽȻƾһӢĿ֮󣬾ǰ뿪ƽѧһưȥҵӡݡ
ҵӡݣֱȥ³һֽ³
ʮִССһĵʱȴǺзġ
ǻȶȻڣӡˢ档³ǴӡᣬһϺʣµһ˵ݵȵ۵Ļÿǣÿ𣿡
Ȼûģ;е
Ǯ൱ִʮ飬ʮֵô󡭡ʱձĹҲ˵ʲô
ûǾдԼȻҰӡĸѽ㡣³
˵ͷˬǩԼ
Ȼ󣬾͵õһԪׯƱ
һӡðٷ֮ʮİ˰Ҳõǧǣɴ󡭡ٸ
ûȥ㣬ׯƱ֮ʶԼ׬˶Ǯ
һԪòھȻһνô࡭ٸԪϺլˣ
ˣ׬Ǯ죡
ӹׯƱŽԼĿڴ
ʲôʱдãʱҲԽǳ档³
ٹһ£Ӧþдꡣʱһ
ҵӡϺĳ֮һ齻ҵӡݳ棬õİ˰Сĵͣȴĸ࣬Ǻܻġ
⣬³Ҳ⣬Ժ¥µ飬ύҵӡݳ档
³԰ͳȥ
ҵӡݵĴţֽһưȴûϻؼңȥ˸һ±ζֻ꣬ռһ⣬һ㼦μġ
Щ±ζҷһһֽŻؼȥȻͱ˵ˣôôණԵꣿ
ֻռҪȥѧУָͬµġ
еᣬЩɲˣǮҲ̫ˡ
ҽٿĸѡֵ
𾪵ؿʱҲ벻ռˡ
Էʱ˻µġ
²ǳԵøˡռֻŽըٷŽ±ˮģƤرóԣζ·Եֱá
ͺܺõˡ
ԹѾȫˣ
ҡҷóԼıʼǱʼĥҪˡ
ܵǮλеƵķӣһȫ˵ƣҲдϼСʱˡ
ֻǵܾò۾
Ҫ֪ڻǸ꣬û͡
˵ô룬׻д˵㶫
дǡڰ󡷡
ڰ󡷵ǣһˣ峯±ãһңҵδǡ
죬˯£ʱ򣬾Լһ¶ϡ
ܷŭغԼӶ˵֣֪˭罫ᵽ⣬ͻȻƼһƵĽ
Ľֹһ˺ܶറ
̧ͷһжɵˣʱֿһһ¶첲·һ¶ȵĿӣԴ˸Ů˴ǰܹ
Ůܹʱ򣬻ؿ
ûڣŮǸ֣ľתܡ
ûԶͻȻһ
ķȥȻͿһȺͷ׵̫̫õɫӣ衣
Щ˿Ѿһӣž͸Ƶġ
Ⱥ̫̫ԱߣмŰɫϴүš̫


51 ̸
дƪڰ, дͦˬġ
֮ǰдѧ͡ҽʱʵһֱпıԼķ, д֮ǰῴʱڵ, ʱķд
Լдøʱ룬˵Ļɡ
дڰ󡷣ûĹˡ
ⲿС˵, ѶҪˣʲô
ȫſдģټִϤдҲرɡ
ñдܹûõԡ顱ÿ죬ټһЩϸʲôҪ˼дСʱ, Ҳдǧ֡
ǧսһӣԼõԪׯƱһ, ϴ˯
, ̰ʱҲ׼˯
ڱһѧ͸ˣûտֱϵĻϴ, ſڴϣ򿪱ֽȨ˯ǰǲ
֮ǰʱһ, Ϊ̫ˣδ̽ʹѧĽ, ֱʱ򿴵֪Ȼôдġ
֣е뻯ˡ
ͦϲġ
ʱ򿴵õĶá
̰꡶ѧע⵽˺ġҽ
ҽ£۳ģĳЩֱṩģԭ²̫Ȥһдʵ̫ʵˡ
·ǸŮ˾һС
Ĳ˵治
ֽ̰պãһˡ
һ󵽵ûסˡҽĸԼıӣ۾ˡ
ϣôôҵˣǸŵҲ̫ˣ
̫ˣԺҲˣ
ڶǸ죬ܴ
һ磬ʹһް˼ңȻһưȥѧУ
˯ûϢãͲԼˡ
ѧУʱ仹磬ѧѾˣڱ£ڱдǵӢĶġ
Щѧ׷׹кʦã
ǺáһֱûʲôӵģҲЩ˴к˼µѧķ
Եһͻص칫ңʼΡ
ûѧӡĽ̿飬Լȴκͤȫ׽̿飬н̻ѧУõĽ̿飬ȫһ顣
̻ѧУĽ̿飬ֱӾõӢǱߵĿαĽ̿ҲŸĵġ
ʵЩ̣ҲǲУֻ̿ѧһǺѵģҪѧҪһЩ롣
ĶֱԻ
ѧӪһ˵ӢĵԻѣӿĶȴû⡣
ÿΣԼ̵дЩѧ׼һӻֽ߰Լ÷죬ǱдӢĶġ
ʱѧʡģ⽻һǾͻúɣȫöҵ߳顣
˵ӢĶģЩѧصس˼Σù죬Ƿ̫׼
ˣعעģЩѧķˡ
ɣ͵Ͽʱ䡣
ԼεıʼǱ߽ѧУͷκͤڽҵ棬Ըĸ
֮ǰ;κͤĴ󣬾ӢĲҲܾôһȺѧˡڣκͤҪһĽѧˣ
ԼĲ迪ʼϿΣܿһڿΡ
¿ʱһڰıʼǣһдƪµֽðѧȫ±вݣ칫
ЩѧӦˣһҪȳǳ˰칫ҡ
Ŀϵ̫ˣκͤ˳ϲϵıҺ̫ˡ
ûԼϿϵжãҸûо顭
ô˵оʦϵҲһôãκͤҵѧӢĵʱҵʦ㣬Ҳڳ֮˵Ļˣ
û뵽ԼȻܱôޣκͤģҲ֪ԭˡ
ʱ̻ѧУʦʿЩʿڹѹͲʦ֮󣬲ŸѼϼܳʦģ̵Ȼ̫ãѧθȫѧԼ
Щѧҵ½ҵ֮ǽ̵ģȻҲҲ̫á
ִѧԵʱ˼˾ϸѡĽѧģ«ЩӣȻҲԵøⲻͬ
Ȼˣᱻô䣬ҪΪʱʵȱʦ
ִƶɽȱʦȫûнѧĴѧȥ֧̣ҲǻӭģԭʦЩԼųл߸бҵ
ƽѧˡ
Ȼˣƽѧõġԭݶѧֻ̹ѧλѧζûС
һУҪȵĻ˶֮󣬲Żת
κͤһֵͨѧЩСģҶˣǳãҾǿԽ֮棬ø˿õ
е㷴ӦκֵͤˣѧҲôѧһЩѧΪʲôѧãΪ̫ѣѧ־ǧģЩʦ˼ҪѧôףҪдЩС¸Ӷѧһ졣
ȷʵеĸǧĸɣǡƣġӯ꾣šЩ᲻ϲ顣
κͤԽ˵Խߣȥһ¡
һۣСʱκͤѾҪһˡ
һǰѧӢĵĶƪС£һǰѧĵĶƪС¡
κͤ˵û飬һҪдѧԿ㿴ѧ
κͤʵǸеˣЩ黹Ҫôȥ
Ķ£κͤԼȥ죬ֻϣҲдƪŽȥӢĶΪѾдʮƪˣɴȫȨˣǳ鲻һӡʮƪģдȫдæҡ
дСģǽȡƬдģС²ӢĵĻǷĵģ̫࣬ɾд
Ǿ鷳ˣκͤ
ϣôֶһĥţҽû棬ⲿӢĽ̸飬Ѿȳˡ
磬һֻռҪȥԷʢԵˣǼӲͣһֻռпʦзСѾ򸾣Լŵȳͷˡ
ռ㣬ë˶ŵġʦ
ʦĲˣÿ춼Ѽ
ϺĹҪʼټµطʵ㲻رѼҲǡ
һЩũѼӣµĵѼܱһ㣬һܶϺʱ۸ʼҪˡ
ëʡ
̫ƽЩˡʦЦЦ͵Ĳ̫֪ͣм±ˡ
̫ƽ˶ʧ֮󣬺ܶũǿΪǲӣͷɢͱ֮Ϊë
Ϻһһ亦
֪һЩ£ϸʲôĻ治֪Ͷ˼䣬ʦȫһһˡ
ԹͿʼдҽ
Ҫĺܶ࣬Īزۣúܳʵ
ǸҵʱҲΪʱʲô
ֹһ죬ˡ
ñҪ硣
ȥһ˸̰̰͵㶫л̰дҽǰṩְ
˵֮ûôȥ̰ĵطæˡ
һûʱ䣬֣άҢ˵֪̰ÿ϶֮󣬱ҲæˣһȻò


52 ͸ֱ
ϷĶʪʪ, ׳Ҳеܲס
, ˺ް, һΧ硣
ñӡʱʽñӻУƤñʵڲÿˡ
ưܵ÷ɿ, ܿͰ͵˸̰ſڡ
ſţ߽ȥƼҽæţ̰ȴڣҽڣ
˶ҽѾˣָָ˸β׵Ĳˡ
иҵ, ˵̰涯Ҳȥ, ſڵ, ˳ЩβĲģǵ
ȵʱ䲢ûþͿΧһɫΧȹŰɫ׵ĸ̰, һĻͬΧΧȹ׵֣άºҢ
ȻˣӦװΧȹ
һһҲʮ, һްŮ˾ͳ˹ȥҽɷôˣ
ܳɹ, ԺСĻСָָ̰֣άºҢҪôǻ㡣
֣άºҢոռʶ˸̰˿ƶǵһĻе㲻Ӧͱ̰̯һһʱ䵹ûնˡ
̰ףΧȹôпչ
֮һΣʱ˵Ϊ˹ԵʣԺûչˡ
ҽѧˣҽҲѾʼڱֽϿǡд飬Һܶ࣬Ҿ͸㡣ЦȻԼĿڴóһϸµĻͭ
͸̰ģһֱ֧ʡ
ͷ͸ֱܹǲģ̰ԼãҲͱˡ
㲻ô̰
ҪģҪǸҽҿ϶òôѡ
ĸж٣̰ʡ
ѧһٸ󣬡ҽǧԪ
̰룬ԳƵϲˡ
˸ҽְѸֱʸ˸̰
̰ˣҾͲˡ
ЦÿʲôʱҪ鷳ҽ
̰ҲЦˣ¾ҡ
ʱ֣άºҢڽעȫ˲˵ӣ˹
þò֣άµ
Ҳͼѡ
ҲѾܾˣ֣άµ֮дһƪ¼£˱ֽϣһǮĸѣ
֣ά˵⻰ʱüɫģԷǳˣǷݱֽ˺ܶ࣬ôһݹһݰɣ
л
֣άºܿʹԼİóһݿµϺֵҪҪҲд£ұϺ༭һЩҽѧ¡
æûաϺһֱǿʱµģôͻȻҽѧ¸Ȥˣ
ȻΪܶ˰֣֡άµϺҽ࣬ҽҲ࣬缸꣬ҽҽϰնЩһֱܸȤоǡ⣬¥ǿʼ顶ҽұ˵ʱ϶ܶ˹עⷽݡ
û뵽⻹Լйء
ˣҽ㿴ûУдرãҾ¥ĺ֣άֵ
øſԼҲ˵ԼдĲãһʱ̰ʱȴЦˣҽдȷʵ
ҽҲôã֣άºǸˣֶһҪȥ
ЩΣá
̰һ֮󣬾ûٰƣһֱָ֣άºҢʱˣ뿪ˡ
ҽɡųȥ
̰ûоܾϰˡ
˸߳ţӭ洵һŻҳĴ硣
̰üͷһ壬ע⵽̰е㵥
ҽҴΧҪҪԼûΧϵΧݸ̰
á̰Ҳ;ܾˡ
ܴҴ˺ܶ಻䡣ҽΧϰɡ
ͦģ˿ް޿㶼ˣûΧǾ࡭
Ĳá̰ûΧת˻⣺ƽѧ飬оô
ͦõģѾһЩѧˣκУȥдһ̸顣ȻͰκͤдһЩӢСģ֮˵ˡ
ͦá̰
ģȻ˸
ҽܵǴģ˼ѧϰϡҾģҪϼӹ̡ܽ
ҵܣ³ֺã˵Թ̰
뵽˵̰ΪȻҲǣӲùܡ
ԼҲûȸ꣬ȻƺΪӡ̰̲סЦˡ
ҽԺܽûþ͵ˣĿ͸̰ȥȻ̾ͰѸղΪ˵Լ䣬˼ϵΧˣȻֽһưǰƽѧ
ҽôӦú䣬ҪΧǲԼˣ
ԼΧŵᣬҲ֪ǲãᵽ˵ζ
ͷϴ費㣬ȻԼϴˢرɾΪ̫䣬ûϴˣÿ춼ֻëһ塣
ӣʵѾ㽲ˣִһֱϴģе㲻ϰߡ
ĥŽؼң䶼Ҫϴʱ򣬵˹ҽԺĸ̰ԼڳµƤ·
ҽԺͦȵģһֱ
ƽѧ
յѧУ˸
Դӵʦÿ춼üΣһ㲻ɫƼߡһߡ
ܺеǷᣬ뵽Ǹ̰ĵܵܣҲˡ
ӸֱӽԼİ칫ңøЩˡ
ֺߺؽˡ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˻㱻Ѫĺôˡֽˣǿɡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴɣҪȥϴ裬칫ʢڡԼ衱
ʢƽԼһԷ죬Լһϴ裬ѧ¿һӣ·ѧҪҪһȥݸ裿
ðӦڼϴ䣬ȥϴ裬Ǹѡ
ѧУϿΣдǧֵġҽԼƪӢĶġ
Ȼȷѧ͸ʢһȥ¿ӡ
ͷ٣¿ĵ꣬һȥԣ¿Ӿ˺ܶˣǳ֡
ֻӴ˵ģսȥһ˵šûϴˡߡ
е㲻Ծ
ʢʵ⣬ÿԱһصĲ￴ȥ
澹ȻһӣȻܶһ桭ĬĬ˳ͣ£˲ϴˡ
ʢһϴĲֹҪʢҲû⣬ֻ̫Ŭˣָȥʲô顭ȱѧϰµľͷ
ʢݵĿ뿪ˡ
׻ڼϴ衣
ûн񱣬Ҳܲ˸һȺһϴ衣
ҪǲСĸȾʲôϸǶ൹ù
ҡ
ѧ͹ԹԻؼˡ
ҵʱ򣬸̰Ѿˣڷõİǰһֱ֧ʼīˮ
ֱ֧ʺͨʮ򵽡һ۾ûȤˡ
ˣʰһ׼Էֱ̰
Ӧһ
̰ʣڱأ
ѧѾˣ㻹ҪڱЩȣ֮ǰֽ̰Ϊ˿ѧΪ꡶ѧ̰ͲҪڱˡ
ҽдͦġ̰
һֱϲ򼸷ݱֽóһݸ˸̰ҵǾûʲôÿġ
㾭̫٣̰
һֽ̰պãĪе⡣
̰ϲ¥£ʶ¥
Ͳһˣ¥ʦܿ
ͻȻͺˣ۵˵Ǹˡ
֮ǰûͱ˾͸ˣرܣҲҪø̰о
̰ûо
ûʣѾ֪ŵĹˡ


53 Ϸ
ϴĵڶ, 졣
ƽѧǷżٲѧģҲһڡ
ֽһǮ, ²ٳȥһ, ȥ¸ոտҵʱȫϺֳֳ
ִһЩʱڵʱ, Ϳֳ֮󣬸û˵𣬶ͦġ
ֳϺһֽˮṹķӣ൱ִĴֳ, Ʊһ죬, Ϸ衢硢ӼħӦоС
ȥ֮ǰ, صѯʹȥʢԣʢ˵ģǳ棬ȥĻ, ⱲӶ׻ˡ
ʢԶֳôƳ磬ԼΣҪȥһ˵ġ
һ磬ʹ²ˡ
ư, һһ², ֳſڡ
Ϊģû뵽ﾹȻѾкܶŶӵŽȥˡ
ƱһţǮƱʹ²˽ȥǸսȥƼ˼
⾵ЩܰݣЩ֣ΣȫŤġ
־ִһ㶼ϡ棬ûע⣬²ȴסˡ
磬ʲô²סҪߵ
ǹһԭ
²˽ͣǿͣ᲻ߡ
һ᲻ߵģкܶຢӣЩӰѼ澵Χס㸸ĸٰߴ٣Ҳߡ
ûߣ²Ȼ뿴Աߵš
²վʮӣδزˣһߡ
ֳľϷ̨ˣﲻֹ˳Խ磬˳ʲôģ²ۻҵġ
ϲĸֳʳ
ĳʳǳ࣬žͺóԣȻñ󣬵ÿ볢
ȻˣҪҲΪЩϷʲôģʵûʲôȤ
²ҪȥԽ磬Ҳ˽ȥȻһ߿Ϸһ߳÷ɲ±
ⶫ÷ɲ±±Ҳôˣ÷ɲ˺ر㡣
ֳ꣬ţɡǳӡ
ִʱҳԵǰѸʳˡ
²ϲԽ磬ǮƱȻǲԸֻԽģһȥӼˣӼȥ硣
ŽȥεûԶˣϾѾԱˡ
ϰʹȻʼ۲Χ˺Ͷһ۲죬Ȼ˸̰
̰ǰŵһ̫ʦϣһߺȲ裬һ߿Ϸûͦġ
û뵽Ȼ￴̰վ̰ȥ
ûߵͿһŶʮͷߵ̰ǰҽôȥҳϷ
üëģϴŹ֬˵ʱ򲻽ȻеŤ󡭡ƼģһʼΪŮġ
ܿʶӦòǡ
˵طǳƽ˺ᣬټᵽ˳Ϸһ֮Ϸӡ
ʱܶǮϲϷӣϷҲŬץסĿˡҽϷӣ
е㲻˼飬ӡĸ̰ǻˡ
ôţ̰ʣǣ
ͻȻеЦǸ̰˵ˣɫҲˡ
ҽ㻹ˣĵ
ԭ㣬˼㻻һ磬ûϳֽ̰ͣʵĲҡ
˿Ÿ̰ı飬ڿһĺ
̰ЩΡ
ʮʱ򣬾ͲԼͨ˲һˡ
˶ϲŮˣȴϲˡ
ʱڹ⣬˷˻ᱻܻ࣬ܿµ飬ǳδ֮߼ˡ
ѧҽʵҲⷽԭ֪Լô¡
ȻˣֱڣҲûŪԼô£ֻ֪ԼǸĲˡ
ûʲôøУĴ󻷾ǲڵģڹ⣬δҪ˷չڻ˹̫࣬ҲûżˣϲϷʲôġϷ̨ϵˣò
ԼϷ˵㣬֪ëĸ磬ʹϷһϷ͸
ϲ˲ŮˣϷʱ򣬿ҲЩС浩ǻûעƫ͸ģǸϷӵ̨רǵġ
ʱ򣬻Ůװ
ʱƤˣ̾˽λ׷˵ĵǶߣ֮󻹺ܾòȥϷ
죬ҽԺż٣˷£߿Ϸһ£û뵽ˡˡ
ҽΪʲôֶô䵭ǲĲãʡ
̰
ҽɣ˸к
̰ЩȵؿϷ
ǣϷҾ͸ˡû뵽￴ҽҽϲϷ
㲻ϡ̰ҡͷĸȥݷһ¡
ں档
̰ԣ̾վȥ
Ҹ̰˵Ϸӱԭأضһ½ţ׻ˡԴˣֳϷ̸ġ
̰²кŪ²еܳ
˵̰ģ֪ģб¡ôбµˣȻôͰ
ֻҽȻ˵Ǹٺòˡ
̰к͸ˡ
ҽȥ
ôһ·ˡ̰ܾˣȥ
ҲûзҪȥ̰ͣǸˣҪ͡
ֳʵǸܺĵطǶ²û˵
ȥħ
ħǸˣĿڳݺܲҲôԼĹһ첻ȥģһƯŮԽԱ֮󡭡ʱͳǣܵйڵϲ
²ǶΪݣǸ治ˡ
ȻûʲôоˣԴʱ˵ǳʱֳֵ˵ر顣
ﾹȻĵطУҲͦȵġ
һֱ浽ϲ뿪Ҳû׻ƱǮ
Ȼˣ׬ߵҲ٣˵ĳʳ½½һԪǡ
ưȥģ˼²Щ˷ܹͷ棬ȫϡ涫˵ⲻܱȣҲ֪ôġ
ôĦֹɽʲôó˵˵
Ҳ֪ʱûЩ²˵˵Ҳ¡
ЩǶִ˵ΪͨĶȴ²ǳ
дġڰǣͬ÷ǳͨĶŵˡ
˰˿㳡̫̫̫ϴү֮󣬽Щ˵ɡ
ûиССĺܷųһ鱾Сľӣ滹ű𴦵ľ
ЩɼҲеĶ
ãԼһɾסĵطŻƼô಻˼Ķ
ǣֱӾ͹ˡ
ǰ㳡̫̫͸ƽ̫ϴүˡ
һʼɴŹװϷ߸Ϊ־ǸӣȻͱ˾
ܿˣʳһ֮߰󣬾Ͱȥ˾Ժ
ڼ䣬˷ǳƯܸͨıЩ˳֮ΪֻĶ˺ܶܶĶ
ãӦɽ硣
ھҽԺ˵Լ˵ʱЩҽȥһˡ
һʱɵˣȻɽ磬˰
ôƯôߣ·ô洦ɼûһƼݵˣǻƯĹ԰ﳪ衭󣬴ҵӾȻôã
ҽԺǵõһݲŲ͡
׷ˣмȺ͵ִǳͨһݲͣҲˡ
ЩʳζǳãҪǣȻѳԣ
˵ûҵļ֮ǰס
˵ļһʱݺᡣ


54 ͶͰ챨ֽ
, д÷ǳϸִĸ, ϸϸдˡ
Ȼ, дʱ򣬶Ǵ˵ĽǶдģдĸʵЩͬ, ƽԡᶨΪһ澵ӣ͸񻰴˵ܿʮǧľľһˣҲûӽ͡
ϵһж, ԼԲĶʵִʵȫͬ
ΪԺһĵط, ȫ֪ЩԼסһ, ʵǷӡ
Ҳûдһ㡭ȻˣۼĶ߿Ӧܷ֡
ھԺǳԹһٷ, ͱŵһ˼ס
˼õ˳ˮͰȵȡ
ʱҾ㸻ԣӶˣǾ޸, ˮͰʵѾ˵ĶҲͲͷһμ, ǲϴµġ
ȺŪһ̾éޣȻ˷㣡
ϣڽ׵Ĵ˯ȥͷԼֻصԼĴϣϻǺö˶˵شԼ·
ԼӶһӶ̾ˣүҪˣ
ãȻܻ񡭡ڰ飬ĪǶΣ
ڰ飬дúܳȴһһʽдġ
Լͬʱÿµʮ壬ᴩִһ졣
ִʱʱ䲢ûйȥһ£ǽһġ
ÿԽһдһȻÿдһ
ڣѾѵһ һǧдˡ 
дĺҪ޸ĵĵط࣬ҪȥͶ壬Ҫܳһ顣
ִѧ鷨оͰӲ鷨˺ü塣
֮ǰдѧ͡ҽʱΪ˷Ϥ֣Ҳôڱ˿Խֿһֱõǿ顣
ڡóӣʼвݳд
ͬʱҲԼ˸±Сҡ
֮ҡ
ûȥƽѧʦʱϺʲô־֪֮Ĳ࣬ʶʢԣʢԻǸϲģʢǱ߽һЩ־ҵһЩͶַ
ˡϣ±ΪͶ
ִʱ򣬲˵ϣ±ʱڵĺܶ־ֽһ˼ھͰ첻ȥˣټûпǹ̫ĶҲʧʷС
ʱϣ±Ϻûͦ˼֮󣬻ȷϣ±Ӧ˼ȽȽĽٰġ
Լдĸֽһŷװϣ±ĵַƱô˳ȥ
ûԼĵֱַӱʾѣûκ֪дôһݶĳȥ
úʹãԺдС̫ʡ£ȻסԼס
֮վȥƽѧ
Լ˹涨ÿ춼дǧֵġҽдǧ֣Ϳˣ籸ΣֱдӢĶġ
磬ҽǧд꣬һڿΣʱϿΣȫ׫дӢĶ档
Ѿд˺ܶƪСģЩѾдˣҵıð˳ɴд˼С¡
һѧ⣬ΪԲͨЦʲôġ
ֹ¸˼߸
⣬ţٱƻ֮Ĺ£Ҳдһд
ڣʢٿļģддȻˣдüٵĹ󵼱ˣԼϣдһЩʵĹ£߸ɴǴı־¡
дֶģ˵ɲ
дһƪҪ˰Сʱ磬һдƪ
κͤԼдļƪĶʱ򣬿Щĳɹˣдַ֮Ųˡ
ЩдãȫԷĶκͤдļ£֡
ʱˣˣܿ϶Ǻٵģڵѧܿ͸ˣκͤǰûĹ¡
ҽѧӢĵˣǱЩõԻ౳ѧӢкܴô
ҪһҪЩɱȱЩֿڵĹöˡκͤдģҾдںӿ²á
κͤ˵ţͽԼдļƪ
ǽģദˣǽƽˡ
ӹ¾Ϳ
κͤѧʶıʶ⼸£ҲѾ׻дͨ׶ֻ˵̵ζ̫أȱЩȤζ
ȻЩҲǲܿʵϣִĿαϣҲеġ
Щ¶ǺܺõģȫáЩҾûдһЩȤС£罫ڶ塢ä󡢺ٻĳ﷢ɢһ£дȤĳ¡Щ
ִʱ򣬳ÿСѶʱûУ
Щȫдд⣬ѻˮ֮Ĺ£ӦҲϲ
κͤдĹ£ҪѧֵģʮµĺǿģԽԽȤԽá
Ҳ֪ôģȻôκͤؿҾȥдӦñдҪȤܶ࣬Ҷдɣʱҽǰ棡
ûաʵЩ£Ҵ˵˵ʢʦдҲǿԵġ
Щ£дʱ䣬Ҫ˼дҪд벻ǰµĿӡ
ܾ̫á
ĥţñддһЩ¹¸á
ʢддҲⷽ˲ţø˵עػ
ʱĹѹҪǵʶ֣
ҪȻֵֻأԼһӵأöһӵأҲһӵĵصˣѣ
κͤҲԼȫȥдЩѹեˣǿԸСʢһ£һֱڰ챨ֽдҲеġ
κͤ˾֮̾ͰʢԽ
Щ¡ʢһ۾ˣЩдˣܲȿҵĽϣҵĽҪ첻ȥˣҾһҪ·ӲУ
ʢԵĻһ
һԼıֽ
ЩȫܿڵϺĺô࡭ǿ϶óȥġ


55 ¿
ıֽôˣʵ
ʢԱ˵
ʢԵĽ, ͬѧڴѧʱ򴴰ġ
ǰݱֽĳԣ뽫ϺʦĽѧܽ`ǳ, øʦ, ѧϰ
ǵ뷨ǺܺõģɽĴȥ죬Ҳܰɹ, ɹؼǣǾǼѧѡ
ЩʦҪӴѣӴˣ˼Ҳһпոд
˼д, ӡˢ˿ˣⱨֽҪôҲǸ⡣
ֱֽ, ͯ϶ȥ, ӵȻҲͲҪֻԼԼҪ·С
ʢһʼܱÿܳһݱֽ, ӲԼдӲȥֻ͸ѧУʦ
һ, Ҳֻһݱֽȥ, ôһ㡣
ȵڡʢЩΣһͬ챨ģѾ˳ˣһҲֲ֧ȥҪֽͣ˵ģ˵Щ£˵ܾһݱֽҪҪɣ
˵꣬ڴؿκͤ
κͤͦΣݿʣһǸΪɿˣϧ
¶ҽɬ
ʵ챨ֽҪǮ
ҪĲ࣡ʢԵһһӡһǧţŹǮӡˢѡֽǮһ𣬶ʮԪӣľŹˡ
ʢ԰챨ֽԼдģĶŪģ˵ŹǮֹ˽źõļǮ
ŹҪǮӡˢʵĲֽ̯࣬ӡԽ࣬ÿݱֽĳɱԽͣҲǱֽȥʢԻӡһǧݵԭ
룬Ҿǿ԰ģȷʵҪһġͻȺĳɶͯ⣬ҪдĹ£ôҲҪ챨ֽĳ־ÿһڣҲղء
ڵϺ걨űĴֽҲһЩѧûͯĿ
ˣʵԺӵĽһֱӡסҦҵһңԼķӶûУҲ취ͺȥС
Ҫôһ־Ӧúܶ࣬úǶ
Լ뷨˵˵ʢԺκͤû⣬Ǯ
ʢԵɣûʲô
ﵹЩǮѧڴڱõĸѣѾ˲٣ѧԪѣû
ƽѧ飬ÿ¶йʣСҽĸѣȱǮǮֽҲ޷
ִ˽ˣʱҽķܾ꣬Լʲô
˵ܶںպڻǺӣ¿ܳΪǵͷá
ͺϰ¿ɣһһ롣ʢԵκͤҲ֪ģҲûкκͤ
ԣκҲһɣΪǵ¿֣֡ںĳ˸߼۵ģ
ҲɣκͤӦʦдƪ·Žȥ
ôһܶҲͶˡ
¿ôܰģﱸôҲҪ£ʱǻҪ׼һЩ£ٽͷڵ׼á
ǽվȥҼҳԷɣκͤһ룺ȳԹ˾ǻؼҡ
ôһģƽѧѾѧˣҲ
ʢ̴ӦҲûоܾ
Ȼɬκͤؼҡ
˺ܶ࣬˾ͣذϵȣǰȥ·ϣʮ󳡵ķ۵ס
ͣκҵ¥ǰκͤȥͿڿڱ
͵ƪҽдøƵģֱġ
֮ǰŴʿȥũ˸ɫ󡣡
ũҲģ̾˿˵ʲô
κҵķɾζκͤԷĶ͸Źš
Թһκͤ˾ʢԻؼҡ
ؼҵʱ²αƿйƿȡ֮աȭܳʹļޡĸԻ̰࣬ȭɳӡ
Ǯ֮ͽСѧĿαȫؼˣſα֣ڣһ꼶ǶѾѧˣѾʼ꼶顣
ôôʣԹ𣿡
ѾԹˡ
ȥպáûԹһֱ˷š
áӦˣǰ²ĹΡ
ʵ˵ĹΣͲ飬ֻжûġ
ϣϹΣͻԼ䡣
Լһÿ϶дһǧֵġڰ󡷣Ȼ˯
ļһֱæƽǵֵʢԣҲմڰ칫Ÿֽдͣ
дĳ£Ѿд˲٣ܾò⡣
ǿдΣ̻ѧʦͻȻóһŸֽݸ
ӹһŷʦдڶĳ£дȻΰ׻ͯȤ
ңǸĹ£Ǽ򵥵Ľ˼
ʦдķǳã̾͵
ҿʢԽӹһ۾ҲˣԣӦдģдá
ҼﺢӶ࣬ʱǽ⣬ôģҲôдˡʦ
ʦ㲻дʱ򿯵ǳǸѡ
иѣʦЩȣʢ԰ıֽһֱڿǮȱӣǰǽȼʱ򣬶ûиѵģֻʢ˽㶫͸ǣǳԶٷ
СĶ̹£ëǮһƪٳЩһԪǮһƪ
ʦԭдһƪ˵иѣµдƪ
Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
׹˼ҲܸƷѻǺбҪġ
˵дЩС²ѣûжȥдÿѧУˡҽֻдӢĶƪ
ҽǸͦѹֵĹ£ԼһдҽһдֳͯȤĹ£״̬Բá
ҽѾ˲֡
˻ĺӷѪǸβƫЩӷѪ֮󣬻ľͺˡ
е˻ĺӣŷѪܺõġ
ңӷѪҲнģܺҷš
ƫƫĸӷѪӣʵʲôֻԼҺӵ˻ʱӷѪӻԼܣҸĺˡ
Ӹ룬ӵƨۣȻ󣬺Ѫֹ
ܲסˣҪȥҴ
سǺԶǻǮţȥƫƫŲԸǮĲӣźһǳһŵߡ
ӵѪȾ͸٣Ů˵Ķ¶ҲȾ͸ȹڡ
سǵʱ򣬺Ѿˡ
ŮҲܲסˣȻ󱻼˻ȥڱĲ
Ҷ㲻ʲô
ŮڲͿʼһĹ¡
ġҽһŮӣȴдɫɫˡ
Щ˻ϻ٣лŮʲôĶУȴҲһͬ˲
Ȼ󡭡
˰ĸɴ࣬ˣ
ʲôΣҪһӶϿô
ⲡӣôͲ
ҴӴҩΰٲģ
ǸŮޣ˾ˡ

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ѧĶߣˣſҽģµˣǺܶࡣ
Щûûεģˣķǳܡ
ҽ飬ʵӦýҽѣϰҽ̫ѣ
鿴ܣƫ̲ס뿴
дġ
ҽˣòֻ壬ǵģҪҽģҲ壬ģ

ҽⱾ飬ͨƪдҪβҽ̫ѣͬʱȴҲײյд쾡¡
֣άºϲѧԡҽҲͬϲΪȥҽⱾ飬идÿ춼ҪöΡ
ԭȣǴҵϺģ׬Ǯ࣬ǳ档
ȥһΣֿˡҽͻȻı뷨
ȥСط
һڵĴڱ֣ά»Ÿӵ齫֮򿪣Ȼ󡭡
صġҽţ֪Ϊܾʮ졣
ⲻ͸ȥʱĳһģһֻǱ¥дǱܵ飬ˡ
֣ά¿űֽüͷ
ѧУҢ˵Լɻ
Ң֣άһۣŷ֣
лҪ˵
߾ȥ1912ϿαֱʵҪúܶ࡭
Ȼûô׻~
²ľ£ٽѡһƪȸս£ꡣСȸһȺ׼ϣʳͯǰ֮ȸɢС
ȻˣԭαŰģûбֻпո񣬶ʱȷʵȱٶͯ


56 ѧ
ʲô֣ά²ؿҢ
ҽдĺܶණ, ʱġҢ
ûаɣֻġ֣άµ
ҢؿһۣǰǸԼǱϱ˵ŵĹ£СѾǽ, Ǹ˲εСŮ, ǲǺĥĶӣ
Ǹеġ
ƿ˲βСŮ, ΪǸŮӣŲβʵҲ˶٣ǵõĲҲһġҢָһд㿴, дסǸ
֣ά£ԭû, ڡе
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һ¥Ң
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ʱֻѧ, ûж룬տҽʱ, Ҳûж롣
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ȿ¡
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ȷȥѧͣôǸѧҢѧôҲҪü꣬ܲʮһȥѧˡ
֣ά֮ǰһֱ¥һѧҢôһ˵ŷԼŵĶǴġ
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֣ά߶һͿʼԹԸɻŸ̰βˡ
̰Ҳæ
̰û뵽֣ά¸ˡҽϣҲˡҽ
ҵͣվһԵġ
˲ʢҲ򵥣ζΪ
ιԹͿԼ磺ǲȥ
ǡ̰
ЩˣĹĸҽдôңʡ
ġ̰Լĵܵܡ
ǸõˣõǼʡʱǵĸ׾ѾˣԽԽб£δԹʲôͷ
ΪЩΪǲ£̶߳Ǯʲôġ̲סҲûˣ˵ˣЩΪѧãŻʵ
档̰˵ĺӣһֱǱ˹ġ
ƾʲô˵ңѵ㲻ǣŭˡ
̰Цˣ治ǡ
ϺѾܾˣûԼЦΣڼе¡
Ĵ֣һˣžͽ˺£أƤЦⲻЦģģҶ࿴һۡ
硭˼̫̫øڣЦǺÿ
̰û˵ʲô
ȸ˷䣬סլӵĺԺ
լӵղӣǸӶסģӲߡ

̰ŽݣִӺİţȻͽ뵽һС
ǼӵĺûŪãǽŽһԺӣԺǽƯ󷿡Ǽסֵĺ棬Ǯסĵط
ӣƽסСԺӣҲˣֻƽʱô
ˣ̰󷿣ʵ
٣Ѿˡһʮϲɫ֮ǰǴںˣ£Ϊġ
Աÿ˶෢ʮ󡣡̰⴬˰£żϵĴԱƸ
ǣ١¸ˡ
̰ʱȴǰȥһӡ
ЩװҩƷǹ֧ҩǹεʡ

д٣Ҳˡ
û£ڼԹµȥƽѧ
ƽѧʱϿλһСʱѾѧڽԤϰ߸ϰˣסѧڷСѾǱҨݷԡ
ֻҪǮסѧУѧУӦ緹
ȻˣѧУĲ˲ôã̲㣬ֻѧУ濪ٳĲ԰ԼֵĲˡ
ʳЩѧϳԵģһ㶼ʣµķݷŲԵĻСѾͷ
ԭͷջǿŵȳͷġ
ʦϺãЩѧ׷״к˹Ӣķ
СѾҲк߲·ҲԶԶغһá
˻ûãһϣֱ˸һߣȻŲ񵶿
ҪǮģҪʡãշʱŶˣﻹ᳤͡ÿ춼ѲϸϸģڷСѾջо飬Բһ
ģԼİ칫ңʼдҽ
ҽѾҪдˣβͬʱҽȶȣҲѾԽԽߡ
֮Իҵҽ֮кܴĹϵ
ʱһֱ˺ȡҽҽʸ񣬲ҽҽҽȻԸ⣬˫ʱʱڱֽһ
ʷչĻǰ߻˶ݵʤһҽҽ
ҽҩϰҲͬ⣬ҽûı
ҽ֮һЩҽĳЩڣͿʼ˵ҽãƭ˵ġ
ҽС˵ЩֶʶϷҽǻʾС˵дҽѣˣӦҪҽҽѧУ
걨űЩֽÿ춼ᷢҽҽ£һʱ䣬Ϻİգ㶼ע𿴲Ҳ֪ˡҽ
кܶʵʶ֣취ӱ߲ҽĹڣȻȸпһ˵ıˣٷԼĿ
ǹ˺һ㣬ʵҲû̫࡭Ҳǿ𲡵ġ
ϰѾװ޺ã¿ҵˡ
ĲŸ𴦸ⲻͬټϲըţп֮ʶһʱ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ϰ岢æϾڵԱܶ࣬ƹæ
ϰģĴʱһ裬ֽ
ʶ䲻࣬ʶֵģЩ秵¥£ʵܿ
ϰ俴ȥľ´ɣҲ¿ˣȻһûһظƹ˵
¥дãǲǸҽ
ϰգĲ
Ҳ֪Ҷڹ⣬ûãһ

ƹæúܣûһԷĿ˵ϰ壬Ҳڿҽ
ǰϰ
Ҳдúãϰգĵľβˡ˵ЩүŶ̵ҽô֪˵ڴĶأǿֵ
ͨϰնҽϿɶȻǺܸߵģϰҲҽ˶ʱȻĿˡ
𵩴ѧ
֣άµͬѧǣΪֽҽЩҽ֪дЩ֮Ҳ£һ㶫ͳԣǲ³Գ
ܶëҽβãҪҽ
֣άǰҲǻʱߵ֮һڡʵЩҲûʲôġ
ά£ôô˵ͬѧ⡣
ϰȱҽҽҽǶȱ֣άµҽҪûˣЩҪ˭β
ЩҽβãҲ˺ҩֹѪֻڵ˺κˡ
ЩѧĬ
ǻһ⣺¥Ҳ֪ʲôģ֮ǰҾѧѧģڡôѧҽģ
֣άû˵
ŲЩˣ¥Ǹʮ꣬ûϹѧġ
ҽ۶ԽԽߵʱҵӡݣڽѧӡˢϣʼˡ
ϺܿͰˡѧ⣬ҵӡݻǮڴڱ걨űֱ˹棬˵ˡѧѾе顣


57 
ѧĿͷдԼıʼǱ, ְĿˡѧĴڱϸղأƽпվͻῴ顣
ҽд, , ҲˣԶԡѧϲ
Ǹٺòˣѧϰ, ŬʵԼֵҲϣܼ޸һһеˡ
˵¥Ҳ֪ôˡ
վѧ·˴ڱȵѧУʹ򿪱ֽ
뿴ǡҽһۿȥ, ȴȿ˱ŹڡҽԱߵĹ档
ѧˣϲ
Ҳˣͻ, һȥɣһŮ
Ҳȥ򣡡
ң
ŮѧУŮ, ëǮǮԼһȥ顣
ѧЩгε, ڿѧϢ֮Ҳȥһղأ˾򼸱
һƽʱһղ, Ҫĸҵĸõܡ
ĸƽͰ飬Ҫһ
Ҹײÿ, һ׸Ƥ͸

ƽѧЩҾκõѧҲѧ
ڸǰС֮һԼȫҵ󣬶Ը磬ܲܽһëǮѧǮ
ѧʲôʡ
һ࿴顣˵֮ǰıֽǵײԼģûؼҷͲһˡ
ȥɡóһԪҲ򼸱
飬ǾԼȥģ
̾ʹӦ
ڶ졣
һλĴ꣬Ҳرȫ
ʮЩ˵ĹС˵ԧɵС˵ҲȫУǹԭ飬ҲһЩ
ƽ˺ܶ࣬͸ˣе㲻ͬѰ
һ磬껹ûţſھȻŶˡ
ЩŶӵ˴඼ѧŮġ
·ƼһĻʣŶʲô
飡һӵŮ
Ƕģѧ
ڡѧճĵһõѧУȥһͬѧĽ
ϰѾӺŽˣƼⳡ棬ǰѵ꿪ˣȥҵӡݣ㡶ѧ
һ
һѧǾͷӵȻٵһĸɴı屾ЩҪͬѧҲеҪ͸ѡ
飬ܹǲġ
Ǵ꣬ѧ飬ϰһٱ
Ϊٱ飬϶ܾˣϸտţһٱ滹ʱʱ˹򡭡
ȥӡݽ˻𣿡ʵ
ûС
ԹȥһˣϺͳҲһ飬㲻УϰưͳˣҪӡǱ˵һ϶Ҫӡ
Ϻĸ꣬һ磬ѧ
ʱԼ飬ȥ˸̰ĵط
ҵӡݵӡ֮󣬱ʮְʮˡ
˵طͽѧó̰֣άµһһ
ƭôãֻɲУ֣ά´Լ飺дά°ɣ
ӦóԼĸֱʾͰ֣άµҪдˡ
ʱ֮󣬾˳ŴֱʵϰߣúüֱǷīˮʱܶ˶ϰߡ
ո֣άǩҢͽԼ˹ҽҲһ
һһǩˣ̰ҲҲдһ
áȻڸ̰д¡̰
Ӹ̰뿪ȥһ͹ݡ
ϰһֱǼǵõġ
ЩѧһſŶ飬Ϊ黹Ҫѧȥϰȴô
Ѿ֪ѧˣҲȥһ׼ȥ
ѾˣһؼҴǷŵԼӴӹӿģȻż
ڿҽ
ҽ˹öͦң̲סͬ飬Լӹʵںܺáϰͦϲġ
ţŸٱӽˡ
塣ϰ壬ЦŴк
СˣԹ𣿡
ѾԹˡ壬ҹһд顣
дˣô죿ϰ循ȣ֪д飬ΪĪڱֽϷС¶ѣ治֪龹ȻѾˡ
ΪĸгϢ
ǵġóһѧ˳ϰ塣
ϰӹ飬е¡
ѧʶģ
壬֮ǰҲ˼˵ҸԼ˸¥
ѧдģҽҲдģϰʡ
˵ͷ
ϰ嵹һС£˲ð
Ҿó¡
֮ǰǽ£رãҾ֪㽫һгϢû뵽㾹ȻôгϢϰЦˣĹдʵǺã
ڳϰʱ䲢βʱϰŻ˲֪ٱ顣
ϰҲǸˣ䣬ȴûд¡
ѧ͡ҽܻ¿ҶΧĻ˵Ҫˣ
֮ǰֵµԱʹɻҲûģڣѾһεˡ
뿪͹ݣʣµ鵽ƽѧָԼͬÿһ
ҶлҲдˡĳĳʢԻҳдһν˵Ļ
ôһȦ͵ѧϿεʱˡ
ԼεıʼǱ˽ҡ
ڿΣǸѧϵġ
ڿεѾһѧϹϵѧȥǸѧıʼǣǰԤϰ˹Ρע⵽һ㣬˸ǽΣֺһЩԻ
һЩ֮ͻȻ˸
һʱĿԼĿεʱͦģҲûĲȥ
ʶվǺһ
֪ЩڣҲûԴֱӢĸ
ǰ˽̹ӢģʵвӢĵӣ˵Ҳ˵üΪ
ʱе⣬ϲؿ
˵òķܱ׼ǰ׼֮һˡ
ǣβͣ϶ˡֵӢнӢĵģӢܲ
ðɣӢʵãʱôϱʣѧ꣬Ҳѧ˵ƤëֻǸӢлˣķǺܱ׼ġ
°ɡ
NɪˣȺܴ󣬿
Ȼ󡭡ʹﻬһ̯
ҸģҲ͵
̯ţֻɨһۣʵһʼѹûʲô飬ֱôһע⵽Ǳ龹Ȼǡѧ


58 δ
æȥ, Ǻˡ
ЦЦȻһѧԻȥˡ
Լλ, Ť, еڡ
ԼС֮ܰԭǲ㿴ģǺ˵, ЩطֽصĲ̫һ̲סˡ
ʵֻ㿴ҳû뵽ͱˡ
£ĿȻûкú, ճ˿ΣȻֽ˰Ӣĳɼõѧȥ칫ҡ
ѧ˳ȥˡ
ʦԼдĶ, һ㶼ǽ, ȳٸͬѧ߸ɴӢĲõͬѧдõģǺϲĻ
ܱȱһѧðʦô, ϶Ϊǣ
ȷʵͦǵģǵ칫ҲȷʵΪ¡
ԼдӢĶĽѧȻֶ˼
ȰҪĶ, ǻȥˣȥ֮ǰ, ǽͬѧ
½ڿûʦϿΣЩѧԼѧϰģ˹Ҳûʲô
νѧŬӢһֱѧò̫õѧãǻѧãӦøǱеأȻͲҴӢйء
ѧӢľҪҪ󵨵ֻˣ֪Լ⣬ܾвĵطҡ
ʱѧѧӢĶΪ˵ģΪҪ
ѧȥһѧ
ѧȥʱѸй
ǸѧӦˣûãǰ
ͷվİ칫ǰһԲ
ӢĺܺãټӰѾҪ˶þܸ˽ˡ
ȡЦ׼û뵽Ȼܵ̾͹
úܸߴ󣬰˻磬ʵֻʮ꣬ǰСˣ²һ
Ǹܺӣ̫ϲȴҲټǸ̰ĵܵܡܹҪչһ㡣
Ҫѡһ˵ӢĿεĿδԸԸ⵱ʡ
δ⣺ʲôģ
δǰฺҹͨѧδĻҪҹͬѧշҵȫͬѧѧӢġ
ʱûпδְλÿá
Ը⣡ԹϵͬѧʱȤ
ǾҪ鷳ˡԺÿϣҪǶҷȥӢĶģ⣬һиӢĽǵ뷨һЩ
ȣøÿʽϿǰվڽ̨ŰѧӢĶģΣҺһ䲼óӢǣԺðͬѧѧӢӢǣֻ˵Ӣ
úܴǵĽҲ󣬺ճܴһطӢǸոպá
ȫӦˡ
Ϻǰ꣬ΪعһһбµԵʣĸ͵ٲʲô顭ͻȻΪίΡغܡ
Ĺȥˡ
δӢĽǵ뷨ܺãֻôø£ʢԲʵ
͸ĶԻˡ뷨ǳãѡ˲̫ԡ
ӢĻǲġ˵ְ꣬ѧóʼѡʵĿδ
δһҪӢĳɼõģһҪһ֯ġ
ʢָ˼䣬Ȼ;ҲҪÿ༶ҸĿδŪĶǡ
ŪĶͦģԣŪһҡʱǻһЩ߾һЩ棬еѧȥ
ͷѧͼݣ滹кܶ鼮ͨСѧȴûͼݣѧУ͸ûˡ
ʢԾ÷ǳУԣѧУŪңҼкܶɱֽ־ԾһԾһЩ
ǵ뷨ܺãϧǣƽѧѾûпķԵˡ
κͤκͤ˼Ƭ֮󣬱ȥ취ܲŪǮʱǾԱ߼Ӹһҳˣ
ƽѧķȻܾɺƣռĵطͦģԱȫԼӸǼ䷿ӡ
Ȼ²ϾҪе࣬ҡڰҽˣҲû㹻ȥʵҡ
ܶ飬Ҫһ磬дǧֵġҽ
ҽҪˣͶȥġڰ󡷣ȴһ㶯ûС
Լĳȥġڰûжʵϲǵġ
ϣ±ܱͿĸˣ֡
ϣ±һ¿`һЩС˵Ҳ`һЩʿд£֪Ȳÿֻǧݡ
ֽÿݶǧݣѾܲˣ¿ǧݾͺһˣܿ༭
ϣ±ܱಢںΪʵԷ
٣ϣ±ܱ㡣̰ڿ籨ˡ
ʲô£̰ʡ
̰عһֱϺûȥĵط
žտҽõЩ˵κϲм侭ӪһŹϵͬʱҲԼϺ߽ڹʱʶ
ϣ±Ϻġ
뽫¿۵ģϧҪһݿﲻףҪ̫࣬ƻͱˣݿҲһֱġ
˵յһݹͶ壬ٿ̰ߵ˵
ȥ̰˵꣬ͨݺİţһֵС
ϣ±ܱǸʮ߰ӣ磬Сڹ⣬ЩĻ͹ĺӣܵͿʼ¡
٣յһݷǳĸӣݸе졣һ̰źһ˹
ʵҲǸ̰͸ӣڸ̰ǰ¶¶뷨ϣ̰Լ
˼̰Ҳܲ³һЩӹӿ
ĿǷǳƯĸֱ֣˱㡭̰ؿȥ
С˵С˵߱ǳã֮飬ȴдһ
̰һʱ䶼ˡ
ع֮󣬿ڲ£Удġѧ͡ҽѾǺܲƷˣñȲϵ
ѧܻʤģġ⣬ʵдеˡ
ҽȷʵͷβˣҲû̫ľϲ
ϵġû̫İۣҲȥдֱҵֻдһ׮ֵ飬м͸¶һЩȴϣǵĹңܱôã
ң˵֣˿Ÿ
ȻˣϵĸȻһǧֻ֣ǸͷҲ̫ࡣ
ƪС˵д÷ǳã˵죬Ϊǰδ̰ʡ
ǡ٣Ͷ˳һʲôûˣڸһֽ˵ǲҪѣ˵ܿǣÿ¼ĸ
ǾͿǡ̰
ǲ֪˭Ժ᲻⣿ʡ
ʲôϵ̰¿ǲˡ
һ㶣Ȼ֡ǣ
ҶҡͦģҪѷ£ʲô̰˼ؿϵĸӡ
дµˣ϶Ǽ֮ԸҪҲҪݣܿҪʲô
ݣԼд˲дĶ鷳ȫ֪Ȼᱻ⡣
̰ѾˣҲ˳һһ顣
ȥϢʱѾʮˣΪῴһƬ븵Ȼŵơ
ø̰ȵǣ˯ˣڶ쾹Ȼر磬һ˲ǰ
ôô磿̰ʡ
кܶҪ˵Ȼ̲ס˸Ƿ
רһӢĽǣԼϺĶ﷭˼Ӣ飬ȥѧУúòһ¡
⣬ҪͬѧǶģ
ôţԼĸ磺Ǹи㡣
ʲô̰ʡ
óһֽʶʲô


59 
һѧУ, ﴫ뻮һʶԼдӢСġ
վڽ̨, ش˶, Ǹ
Ĳ˵ĺܱ׼˻ϲ, ϲϴģĹٺʲ
Լ˸ǵľȥڵİ༶ϿΣֺӢĽǾȻѾ֮, ǶԸĿ࿴
ĥŸˣӦûϲ, ͵ȫͬѧ䡣
Ȼڿ, һֱֱͦ˱ؿȫ
ƵġеЦˡ
벻ǣ층Ȼˣ˱ոµġѧ㡭ǩ
áˬشӦ, ӹ飬ҳдˡ֣дԼı¥
ˣδǿ, ϶ʶǰƭˣ
Ҳԭ
ôţ̲סʣ¡ʦ, ±׼дʲôҽ̫ˣǺϲϣдѧ顣
һ֪
˵ʵ
дĹ»ͦģѧ͡ҽܻ𱬣ȥддһЩˡ
ô˳¥ܲȥдС˵
ҲżҽѾдˣȴҪһ£ȫʱ乹˼һ¡
ˣʱд¸ˣҲȱǮ
ڱȽϾģдġڰ󡷡
ͷյߵͶ壬ã˻ȥҪԭ򣬾дֲס
һǧֵҲˣû˸ߴŵ׸峭һͶһֵ߰¡Ҫã
ѾԼдֵٶˣȴҲ³
ûϣ±˸ĵַϣ±ǣѸ˸ûȥˣ
뵽еᣬĻشȴеʧ䣺֪ú롣һҪдǧдˣ
áӦ
ô߸˵ˡ
ͦοģܺ㲻Ҫ͸ˡ
ôţóֽʼдҽĽ֡
Ӧܰѡҽдꡣ
ҽĽдʱ򣬡ѧⱾ飬Ѿеˡ
𿴡ѧϺܻطʵû֪Ȿ飬ϾڱֻϺ
ǸѵõĺѧûΣ߽ѧУ꣬㿴ûʲôֵһ顣
ϰ壬ʲô飿
⼸ѧͣϰЦһ߱飬ǱߣһϺҵӡݳģ
ͷҿ飬صؿһ³磬Ͼ飬б֤
ı̾ѧʡ
Ǳѧ
ѧĪдѧģһѧȡ£ͷ
һͷŲˡ
硣
˵ĵ̶סĻ˲٣ﰲȫ
Щ˷¶ר㣬Ͼ磬Ҳû취ˡ
죬һŸӣỴ̈ŵɵ߽꣬ʵʲôǲ飿
үϱ˼飬ƹ̾ó顣
дĶ֬¶ΪүЩͷָһΪԱߡ
ȻͿ˵ڶ֣ѧͦ˼ˡ
飬ܶжڷ
дáҽĽ֣Ӣд־£СѾ͹ˣ˵
ҵӡݵԱʮ˿¶Ȼ͵ܱ
˵³Լǰ뿪ѧУȥһҵӡݡ
Ȼ³ָٸԪѧҪӡᡣ
³վׯƱׯƱе²ȥǮˡ
Ҫʢһȥκң¿飬ûʲôա
룬²
ִʱĸգҪôΣҪôͻױƷƷ²Ҳ
˾ͻȻԼһ¡
Ѿ붬ˣԽԽ䣬²òˣȻͿ²ź죬ȴһֱû롭
ֱʶûĻƷ߸ɴûС
˸ưûưһУĸ²ȥ
нڵ˪пں죬װͦģȻˣ۸Ҳܡһ֧ں죬ҪǮ
ǮһһµĿˡóǮ֧ɫĿں죬˪һ˶ʮ
ڱģûһʱƷױƷ٣²òš⼸ڼﲻţƤ࣬òۡ
ó³ׯƱǮƹׯƱϢõĻȥһİʮԪׯƱʮԪĴ ʮԪ
ʣµׯƱʮԪװԼĿڴ׼뿪뾹κͤһʮŮӴ
κͤʵͲСˣѾʮļãʮ꣬Ůվһ𣬵ɲŮò
ֻǣԶŮӣŮӵɫҲÿһʮŮ˷ǳظ˵֮ա
С㣬Ǽκͤ˵ൣ
κͤҪС
˵ЩϡΣǿȥ

κͤС㿴κͤӦӦһɫѿˣŭ
ʱκͤҲ¶ϲɫ
κɡ
κȥ㣬û뵽ˣҸطú̸̸κͤ߹ȥһļϣߡ
˼ŻͷСС㣬˼е£Ҫˣ
˵꣬̾ͼӿ˽ŲһΨ׷ӡ
κͤԽԽһˡ
ҸطԷȷû˸κͤһ
κʲôʡ
Ѿ쵽ʱˣԭǴؼҳģκͤԺˡ
ҼҵСκͤ
κͤ⻰治˵ģһһ㲻۵С߽ȥ
С깩ӦĲɫ٣κͤһҶһݳˣһݺ⡣
֮Ҫʲô
һǴױ㣬Ҫ˸
ˣ㹻ˡ
֮κͤȿڣ˽¿顣
¿һڵѾȫѡﱸҲĲˡ֮κͤȻ
˵ķ࣬θֺãǽϵĲ˳Եĸɸɾġ
ԹκֵͤҼԪǮҪҸطס
ֱӸκͤʮԪʣκôˣ
ûʲôǱƻ顣κͤҸ˵Ļ飬ȻͰҸϳš
û뵽ʱҲбƻ飬û뵽κû飿
ѾˣκͤЩε˵˵Լ顣
֪κͤλ飬ŮˣȻȥˡ
κͤһνʮ꣬Ȣ˸֮ŮȻһ࣬ŮӾѲˣһʬ
һٴν飬Ȣ˸ŵԵŮӣû꣬ŮӾȻֲˡ
ʱκͤѾѧᷴˣҲûӸĸİȥȢ뿪ңʼĴѧ
ҲʱʶԼĵӡ
λϲģ˽֮úһһŮ
ϧλҲҲĶҲûס
ԣڲӣֻһ׵ŮĸߣҲȢޡ
ĸȴһֱϣȢӣκͤҸǰЩӲǮƲǲҰѧֻҪƻ顣
ԣеͬκͤĸˣӲܼң顪ķ⽨ҳǶһԽܣκҪҪĸ׺ú̸̸
ûʲô̸ġʵҾһжǱӦκͤͻȻκҵǮ·үȥˡ
κͤ˵⻰ûм˵Ҳȥʡ
ǵ˺֪κͤ⻰˼ġκңԭûʲôǮڵļҵȫΪκͤĸץסʱսƣǮ˵Ѫᡣ
ڲ֪Щκͤ͵һͦߵùݣȻͽסһư׼ؼҡ
ǡ¼Сӣưĳɵ
ɫѾˣùݵſеƣ·棬Ҳ·µˡ
ǻưģ壿
ư򣬾ȻһסҦʱǼҶչ˵ӵɷ


60 
뿪뿪Ҧ֮һֱæ, ҲͽǱߵ˺ȫ׿ˡ
һҲǷ˵ġ
ʱҦңҲǻ㲻, Ҳ˶ѡĸ׵˲, ˶ռ˼ұˡ
һҸ, ͦġ
ЦЦк壬ɡ
岻˼ЦЦЦ·ɡһʼҶϣҪȥ
˳һ˼, ǽԼס˳
岻Ǹ໰ģͷ, ٲʱġ
, ӻðɣʵ
ͦá˵֡
ôˣ֪ˣҲû⡣
ʵϣһֱײ, ÿǱģܶ඼ǰһĬԡ˵˵ɵ
һ·͵סķſڡ
˳, һǮ壬ˡ
һ·, ʵֻҪͭԪǶˡ
û˵ʲôǮһлл
ˣŽݡ
²ڵ
һƼʣԹ𣿡
ѾԹˡ
ѼӣҪҪٳԵ㣿ʡ
ϳԵͦã԰ɡ
ȥʰһ¡һ˵ţһ߽˳ϣ˹ŵķս
磬ʲôȥˣ²ؿ
־顣ʣµǮȫóһȥ˸ѡ
ԼʲôжǮǲԼĸ׺õġ
Ҷҵһ֣Ȩ֪
磬²ֻ۾ģҾ֪ˣǸ˺̫̫˵ģ
ǡЦ
ʵֵЩڳˣԭûģ֪²һ
ԭݵʱһֱүүүү⿴أڼ˵׸ɫ
ʱѧУҲɫǸ²ȻŲ࣬ɵȥ˶ԭ
Ȼԭʲôá
ںԭڱܴ죬ûϱԤư࡭ΪԭǰûѧӢĳԿˣҲΪʱԭյãˮ˵Եʣ²һֱţҪãܿѧ
²ǸˣҲѧ뷨෴ˡ
ԭϱԤưֲ̬࣬;ԭľɵ˵ԭûûϢһǸܼӡ
²һֱŻ˵
պ²Ļ
ɷ࣬ûʲô飬ѧ̫̫ʱߵ˶Ȱ뿪㣬˵ӲҲôġ
ɷǾԱȲӵģ飬һЩ硰Ůûɷһܹá֮˼֮ѧ͸ûˡ
˵̫̫Ǻã˵ǻҲƭˡ֮ĻǱš
֪²̵
ЦЦȻע⵽ϵԪׯƱǮ
ѧӡᣬǸѡЦ
ǮպáʲôָǮһó˪Ϳںʡ
˪Ϳں죬ĺܣͲǵÿ˪ڿں졭Ϳɫá
²񣬶ǴɫȽϵģںӦûÿܶࡣ
Щ˰ɣЩʲôеۡ
ҲûǮ
磬ƭǣĶǽڵģɹˣ²ʵӦģ˪֬Щ˶ˣҲ
ԻױƷƷʵһϲͨģֱȥΪִʱĸ׺ãЩġҶЩ̫ԺҴǹȥԼ
ʲô̵ôһͣ;ˣõЩҲǣС˪ҲͰˣںʲôѵܲ˳ȥ
ϵĶܴպϣڿں졭ڼҲá
ǮĶڼ棿ۼˡ
֮ǰ²ֱ˵Ķǽڵģ;ˣȻ˵۸ô֪ںļǮģ
Ϊ²ǶЩһ֪ġ
磬ڱֽϿġ²
ûڱֽϼЩҪʣ²ŵֽй棡
ԭˡ
ÿ춼ֽԼ֮󣬾ͷڼҸ²񿴣ȻЩж¶ˣҲ֪˲顣
࿴㱨ֽͦõģԺҲ硣Ҫ²ٰģ϶Ǵ磬ֻǺúö飬ÿ飬;ѧҲǺˡ
²ù󣬵ԴûùĿں컹Ǻϲģ񡭡ˣô죿
˪ںⶫ֮¾Ͳˣǧ᲻áֺƭǣͬʱĥţ´пҪ²ȥ·
Ϊˣܴʲô·һ²Ǹôÿһ㣬ʽһġ
񲻹ʮͷ绪á
Ŭ²Լõʱ򣬻˼ҵĸڱдǱӢĶġ
ԼһĻЩŶȫûģᱳ⼸첹һ֮ǰǱûĶȫ
̰»ؼˣһƼһĻͦȵġ
ȴվš硭
вĵʣ̰ʡ
ǣϵֽ̰ǰָһʾʣ磬ʲô˼Щǻ֪˼
̰˵ˡ
˼⣬Ҳһһˡ
ԸƲϲҲᣬԸѧϰͦοġ
һ˺ЩʣȻʣ磬ûԭ飿ܲܽҼ
ȥá̰
ڽ֮ͺˡԭͦģ¸̰ϽǾͶˣ
̰ȻһڴӦһϲͻȻԼ磬ʵҲûô
̰ŸԼ鷿
鷿ܶ࣬д붼ӹߴӹԭ顣
飬ȥָ̰ԼС˵
˳ָķ򿴹ȥһۿȴǷ۴ġѧҲˡѧ
Լһ屾ѧԼĸ׼ԼղһһһŸ̰ǸҪ͸̰ȴ븵̰ȻѾԼˡ
ǵġ̰ͷ
ҲУҵĿɲ̫һǱѧϣߵǩ
϶ûУ
˼̰֪Ҳ֪˸ӢС˵Ͱ˴򷢳ȥˡ
Ҧҡ
һסҦԺӣǰһ֡
ǲס֮ǼӿãǰոһڼȥŮˡ
Ҧ̫̫˵ʵϡҦڵλ⻧Ĳ
רŸɳЩһžͼ¼Ů˵ĴԱ⣬Ƥ⣬˽
סҦҵŮҲܲôһŮԺܿȥаҹȥ˼ҷģ
ҹ˯һѹͿԼɷˡ
ú¯ϵˮšӵ
Ӧһú¯ˮˮЩֵˮϴϴ󻹰ϴˮϴ裬ϴϴš
ϴ꣬·ȥ
ŲŲԼȺıøɷҪɷһ˯洫Ц
üͷĵ治Ҫ
û˵
ϰ˵Իˣð£ʲôҲԸŮˡȻҼҵϴ·Ҳ֪ûЩɲĲ
ҽˡ
Ժﹴҵġȵȣ˵ɶû뵽ԼɷȻˡ
ҿˣú棬һʼϡ
ڹúܺãеĽ
һңǵס˸ԺӵġĸͭԪһ˵ĳһǮֵ
ķˣҦ̫̫˵ƭ˵ġһֺڣҶǺõ㣬˵гϢƫû¶á
Ȼ񣬵Ҳû̫ãЩ飬ԼĻӸɡ
¼ҵˣΪʣԶ
ڣ֪¼ҵӺˣҲ˼ȥ
˯ɡ۾ûһʹ
̫ıӣҲ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ҦҵԺưײ
һģǳʲôвסԭ¼סŮ
ԣŪøһ㣬ȴҽ֮ǰŮ˼䣬Ů˾Ȼȥˣ˵ʲôôһࡱ
ˣƫ˾Ů˵öԡ
ҵģ㲻ϲڻôеֻӿɺöˣ˿ɲῴŮˣ
û˵
Ӿ͸Ҽҵҵģ¼Сˣ˼ҳţлưסŶԺӡǹúأ
ҾͰЩ±˵ҵ;¼СǸõģ廹ûãͰһͰͰˮ
ǰպһ㣬ȥҹˣÿ첻ţɵڲŻ
ڿǺóͷģ˵ѧʣҵӿ϶ԽԽá
ҦҾ͡

Զ¼˲ڸǰ֮ǵǲ¼ˣҦҡ
ߵʱôһ仰Ǳ㶼֪͵ǮĿҦ̫̫Ǹӡ
ƽҦǸ˵ټϲҵҦңҲ˽˵˵˵ᡣ
ҦĴ˼ң֮ǰ˸̹ˣֳ˸ġˡҪˡⲻаϲ
ģҦ綼Ҧֻ̫̫ܳġ
ûеĳԻһأ
Ҧ̫̫ŮŸˣǿ
ӰҪɻȻˡ

Щһ߶һ߹ոһûʲô仯
ʱѾѼˡ
վɽһưȥѧУ·ϻóͣͣסһͯ˼ݱֽ
ҽѾдˣӢĶģҲѾдòˣûѧУдʲôϹڿΣšҽĽ֣ȥ˴ڱı༭
ѾЩûˣٻƼһк
ҽѾдˣǽ֡һֽٻ
ٻվȿ˿Ȼ͵ҵ¾ȥһ飬ʲôʱпһˣҰⱾĸȫ㡣
ٹһˡ
áٻӦʣдʲô
һҪ롣
ӦõġܽϣҲܴ㡣
֪дˣһù
ٻȵľ䣬ϲЦտУʱҸӸѡ
ǾͶлܱˡ
лʲôлڱڵ㣡ڡҽ߻ǸϲѧģдһĹ¡
ٻ˺һ֪дʲôκԼ֪Ȼܻش
ٻ㲻˵ˣ˱ġ
ҽѾع룬յ˺ܶţЩҪȥģ⣬в걨ļҪɷ㡣


61 ڰ
걨ļߣЩȣҪɷʲô
֪˭, ʲôġٻܶ˺¥ݡ
ȻûߵԼݣҲû, ԡѧ͡ҽĶ߲֪Ǻηʿ, ڸֲ²⡣
ִʱûٴӰƷ￴걨һֱⱨֽͦ, Ҳܱ걨ļ߲ɷͦ٣֮󣬵׻Ǿܾˣܱ࣬Ҿܾ˰ɡ
Ϊʲôٻ⡣
̫ᣬҪȥ, Ҳʲô¡
ʵǺġ
ԸμӲɷãҪǲԭĸ֪ڵ
ڱıֻֽϺ, 걨ͬ, 걨Ϻܱ߳纼ݷУڱĴзС
ʱеλˣῴֽͷҪ˽ȫصϢ˿ֽ취
ԭĸѧ, ڱѧڱҲСˣ϶ῴ, ҳ˱صıֽ⣬걨űĴ, ӦҲῴ
ʱҪǿʲôһ㶼ϹϵֻԼӡ
ٻҲΣûӦͦˣ´ιҾͰؾǲܹɷõģҶ²ݣǴڱøһЩ
˵һ뿪
ѧ֪ԼݣԼ鷳ȴ֪ʱѧڿѧ
ҵӡ˵ġѧǧʱѾһˡ
ϺܷʱıȴҲϾǰĶǣڵأбѧ廪ѧ֮УȻˣʱ廪ѧ廪ѧУ
ѧⱾ飬ԸѧΪǵġڴʱıܶ˶Ŭѧ
Ĵѧڴѧ֮̾кܶͬѧȥˣȻѧУĽڡѧˡԱҶȥˡ
ǧ飬ȻҲһա
ѧЩ̫ģ֪ѧⱾʱˣⱾǱ˽ġ
ԡ
ѧⱾ飬ѧԷҲڷǳץˣֺѪȻҲ͸ˡ
ڿʲô飿ѧӽһѧߣʵ
ܻǱѧѧӵдĺܺã¥һǸбˣһѧ
дôãѧӲ⡣
Уѧ϶˵
ǵ㿴ˣҲѧӵ
ѧӦʱҲԽΪԺҲȡѧ
áѧӴӦԼĺӳģһɫġ
˵һѧѧӵѧǱţ˵ĸԸסãȥϺͶȥˡ
ѧ֣üͷ𣺡ʲô
ѧԭԼԭ仹ԭŮ䲻ϲȴҲᣬԴӽǽͿԽԽϲˡ
Ͳ˵ˣŮֶʶ˵ʲôףȥĶŮ
Ůһֶʶأ˵ĳγɫŷûʲô¡
ƢúܣȻɫ
ѧ뵽Լ²ȥԣ²ûϣ;öĺܡ
˵˾ȻĸףĸԴʱ񲻺úչˣȻ˿ĳʳҲʲôõģȻԼĸ׿̡
еˣסſ϶ѧɡ
ѧһʲôòģϺܶڷ絲ĵطûУˣҪͶ׾Ͷȥɣùǡ
Ӧһ㲻ٶ˵
ѧؿѧ
ĳûʲô£ĴӴһеĽһɫ
飬ǲ֪ġ
ڶ죬ȥڱ༭ԼĸѣȻȥѧУ
ȥһ˴ڱǱߵԵʣѧУʱѾˣѧϿΣڿζ磬ǲҪż
˰칫ң£ʢԾ͹ˣκУȥһˡ
κͤѧУˣʢκͤİ칫ȥ߽Ϳκͤڡ̴
ƽѧκͤиİ칫ҵģȻˣ칫ҲҲƽӡ
ڣκͤСİ칫̳һŴ
κǣЩ⡣
ԺסˡκͤҽЩ㿴
κͤ˵ţóһ
ͿЩϣдĶǾнС£ʺϷǵĽ¿ϡ
ЩдģͶ塭ԺҾҪѹˡκͤ
κͤ˼䣬֪κͤǱϳˡ
ǰСӴϺκҽߣ˷Ӿס֮κͤĸ׾Ϳʼƻ顣
κͤȻǲԸģˡ
ǰλС㣬Ը޸κͤ˵޵ˣѾ뿪ϺغȥˣȻһλԸС㣬˵κͤҪٲ飬ͲҪסˡ
κͤʹӼ˳
Щ꣬κͤԼʵҲûģԸ⣬ƽдͶ壬ü飬벻ֻͣϧ̫ܻˡ
Ĳ˵ǸڳﱸĴѧǸ޵׶
ǮͻǵѧȥȥǮǾٶõģ޷ġ
ԭȲ֪Щκͤʢ˵֪κͤǸˡ
ֻϧϰܳ⣬ʢԵĽ¿ЩԼ뷨κͤҪĴѧⷽʵһϲͨ
κͤڰ칫Լ̺ôûã͵˳緹ʱˡ
ʢҪԷûͬ⣬ȥѧУʳãԺѧУˡ
Ǵ˲˵ģʣµġǼҳԵ㣬ҹóԣҲͽ֮˸⡣
Ĳˣǽ񳴵
ѧУֵ˴գ̲ҲͻΪκͤҪԷСѾ˵㣬ټʦѼĳķˣͦʢġ
κͤԼķҨȥʦпķ֮һѼּһĳܿ˶ӣȻͳȥˡ
Ϻı־κͤ඼ˣЩԭκ͵ģҪȥһˣĸַƽѧ͡
ΪˣκͤרŸһǮѡȻ࿪ƽ֣еıȫƽֵģһȥܣܲ
κͤߺص칫ұΣȻʱ䣬ȥѧϿΡ
ڣƽѧļ༶ѾѡӢĿοδˣӢҲúˣѧѧӢĵĻԣ˺ܶࡣ
еİ༶ǸӢǣõġҲ֪ܶӢǶŪһССӢǿرߴϡ
ϲǣЩȻһסӢֵ䡷
Ӣֵ䡷ʷϵĵһ Ӣֵ䣬ɴʿѷڰǰ½档 
ȻˣⲿǰǰģǺٰġ
֮ǰѧУѧѧӢĵֻⲿֵͲһˣ
Щѧ˵ǽֵ䵱ģŪ飬ѡһЩ˳дȻҲǱʻǲĵʣдģкܶųд棬ٽ֮Լıϡ
ЩѧôŬԼҲ¡Σæ
κͤ˵ʮƪӢĶģдˣ뵽ֻӢĶĲڱѧϰӢֵ䡷ӢֵֶǴͷ˶ġ˱Ĵ㡣
ÿƪµ˼Ҳд֮⣬еĵһд˼
ǸͦḶ́дӢĶƪҪ鷳һǰ͹õͲüˣټҪдҽ
˾͹˺ü졣
æµʢԶǰ氮ֵģƼôŬȴҲ˼ֻ桪æʼÿ˵ѧУѧУԷ
ΪطḻǵĽʦСʢÿ춼ܴӼҲͰˣϹ·ϣʱĴϣ
죬Ӽ˰мըؼȻ˶ʮ
ԼԣʣµȫгСηŽѧȵ̲ҲǸѧˮˡ
Թκͤȥ˿ŵȳͷԼıֽ־
ԼдӢĶע͡
Ӣֵ䡷ҪǸ˿ѧֵģд߻ֻһˣȻɱشһЩ⣬֮£עͻҪ׼һЩ
һдһСʱ
վ߶߶һ£κͤͻȻ˰칫ңҿһƪ£
ʲô£ʢʵ칫ʦҲǳ档
κͤ۹ܸߣһ£ǲƺõģ
һƪС˵ڰ󡷣κͤдⲿС˵ߣӵ˼룡дδһԴһ㣬ĳ
С˵дǰ飿ҿʢ̾͵
һ𿴣ȵȣɴҸǶɣκͤһٶһ飡
κͤܽ˵һƪµʱҲǺܺģ뿴һ˵ƪ½Сڰ󡷣ȴˡ
ͶȥС˵ˣ


62 
ڰⱾ, ÿ϶дһ㣬дõڶ ֲܳ, ĥҪϣ±ûп, Ǿͽһسһ飬Ͷȥ־ 
˻ʶӢۡ
Ȼˣôдʵһ˵Ļ, ҽĸӣд޸ĺ󣬶ֱôڱǱܳԼˡ
ⲿС˵ˡ
ЩȻκͤ鲢ïùдС˵
дġڰ, ִ׿ıʣҲһƪͨͨĴԽС˵, ߻Ϊ·̫, ̫ϣϸ̫֮ԭÿ
ʱƪС˵ȴ㹻ӱ
ڳ, ûпԽС˵ġ
κͤŶû֣칫ʦѾסˡ
κͤټȥ˶¶ĳı顣
дƯѹ԰Ƶ¥ͺܴȴظˡʱŵġ
绰, ˡôõ飿
һʼΪԼǵסĵط, ֻ̾ԭסĵطҲо죬ʶԼǵδͱˡ
ľ죬Ȼôһ˺Ժģ
˲ǹӶ϶ҲᱻͽΣ߱һ١
ⲿС˵дʵǺãȥ⣬С˵ЩڹҲ͸ʵκͤ󣬸п˵Ȼϲģǲķʽ£д¶ͬŸͨ˳ǵĹҪչҾþӦЩֿѶģİ׻ģ
Ļ˶ǰ󣬺ִܶʵ÷ǲ̫һģдѧдҽʱ򣬺עЩ棬дС˵Ȼܰ׻㲻ϳ񣬻ԭĿġ
ƪڰ󡷲ͬ
ⲿС˵ȫԼִķдģִķ磬ѾʱĿӡ
൱ֻձóһֻ˿
˵ʵе۸ˣͬʱҲˡ
ǵģд÷ǳãǺûдꡣʢԵ
Ӧصģκͤʵڶ࣬ǡѧ͡ҽһڰ󡷣
ô䣬е㲻˼ˡ
κͤʱȴֵ飬һҪѧǵȵȣٳȥ򼸱˵ţȥ
˼ֻˣҪǮˡʢһֱǸǮģȥʢԽǮ
ͲһˣԼ׬˸ѡ
óԪκͤ
һ͹ˡκͤϣ±ÿʮͭԪһԪʮݣ㹻ˡ
κͤԪʱʮ౾ϣ±ÿողúõĶǶһѧУʦ´ϿεʱһҪǶһ
ǣ磬ʱʱģԼС˵ѧУ
ⲿС˵Ҳܻӭ
ͷԼдӢĶע͡
κͤԡڰ󡷺Ƴ磬ϣ±ˣҲƪ°֡
С˵˭ϲ
٣ͶС˵ϲزС
ҪԼҲȥ󿴿ͺˡѾҪ򼸱ϣ±ˡ
Σػ˼ңȻϣ±ı༭ĳԼдõĽȥĸӣ֡
ʱǰһֱòôϣ±˺š
ҹһ֣ʵ̫䣬ҲˣԭҪŻŵһЩ̣Ҳعš
ﶺĿѾ½½ˣƹĴ˸£ƼɫѾ£ûȥš
ƹģô͹ţһ߹һʵ
ϵģ϶û˳飬ţȥȵݸţ˯ƹ˵
룬ƹĻճţǸչصţȵȣţ
ǻԣæţȻƼһųۣ۾˴ˡ
Ҫʲô飿Цʵ
˼еʣϣ±𣿡
ϵЦ̾ͻǸ⣺˼ϣ±ѾˣҪҪģС˵¿Ҳܺÿ
˵¶ʧûˡϱȥ
λϣ±üãǵˣطҲһȥ˱𴦣Ҳ򲻵ġƹ˵
˺ʧںѼпϣ±Ͽǵ¡ڰ󡷣Ϊˣһղأȴû뵽ˡ
Ҳǣ򣬱˿϶Ҳ
Ҫµַˣ˸ȥƹĵպܶ˶û򵽣ϣ±϶ӡ
ü۾һ̾ƹ˵ַ
µַ뿪ˣ뿪Ļƺؿƹģƹģôλ飬Ҫȥ
Ƹ꣬ƹľ͵֪λ˭𣿡
ƵȻǲ֪ġ
λǶˣ𵩴ѧڣϲ飡ӪˣǸͻƹ˵ſһ£ֱ紵ӣصŰɣ
ƵҪţŸչϣȻֱˡ
æţȻʣϣ±𣿡
ƣ
飬Ϻĺܶз
ʱûеӻûҵ֮٣ҲֻܿϷ
£Ȼϡġ
ҲˣڴʱҲһ˼ҵĲƲ˶ԼвΪ٣˺飬ͰؼղԼˣٸ
ǡѧúõԭͬʱҲϣ±ԭ
ڶ졣
ϣ±оˣܱõĲˣȻרӡˢһ죬˼ӡһϣ±
عѾܾˣһֱϣһҵƫƫԸΥ˺ܶŬҲû취ϣ±á
Ѿ׼˵˵ϣ±˵ʱ򣬾Ȼˡڰôһ顭
ͻȻȼ׳־
æһ죬һ㲻ۣȵġ
ӡˢȥ˱༭Ȼյ༭µһ༭˷ܵغܱ࣬Ҽĸˣ
۾һæӹ˸ӡ
ȥһˣûʲô¡ٶʶʶҲð
ϣҺС¥
űλҪָƣλһЩˣҲԼС˼̰⣬÷ǳá
һãæˣټҪص鱨Ѿܶûȥ
ÿϣһЩˣҲ⡣
ģϾߵ鲻
Ȼ͵֪ϣ¿Ϣֵ֪Ǹصң˵ڶݸӵϣ±
ҿ̰
̾ͽӵݸ˸̰
ڰ󡷵ңǸжŮˣһδԽӱֹøһ޶
飬ֻһΡ
һ˯ºȻֻصˡΡھԺ
ҲļˣҴھԺнơ
ΪûйԣԵñ񣬾Ժҽʿ̬ȲҲûʲôҩǸҽҩѵġ
ǻһЩ˴һ
ҾԺвٱľ񲡻ߣЩˣҪҵ˻ȥȴҲҲ˲ȫûйԣȫԳԺǵļ໤˲Ըǣ֮£ֻھԺ
ǣ͸Щסһ
Ȼˣ֪ЩǾˡ
ֻڸ־棬ϵĳʳЩƷ滤ʿǿĶƬһС
顭ϵ֣ǺŰģб㣡
ȹһ죬һ״ľ죬֪һЩǳ˵顣
СѧŮܶҲҪ
ˣŮˣǻȥģ˵ԱаŮԡ
Ǻ漫ˣҪȥ濴һĻʿסˡ
ʿǺģߵ֮󡭡ȴ֪Ĳˣȥ
ˣˣæ׷ʣ֪ԼԭھԺ
̰̲סЦЩһֱ̫õҲˡ
ǰʱ򣬾ѾоԾˡ
Ϊ֮ĵطʵڲ
ڣһб֤ʵˣȷʵǾԺ
еϣȴ֮У泩һӣһ֪ģķӣҲܵõôõչˡ
Ŀôã
̰ڵ֪Ѿ֮ܳ󣬾ͽǷԭˡ
ϣ±ӡˢ࣬ܿˣĺ䶯ȴСҽĹעȶˡ
ʱһƪһԴǡúܶڣһڰ󡷣Ҳ˴ĪϣȻ
ңڻҵĺܡ
֮ǰĸֱǸЦƵۡҺûɣκͤѧУʦ鶼á
Ҳá
֪λʵ۵ǲɹģ꣬Ს
⡭֪˵Ǻ»ǻ¡
λȥ֮󣬾ݵʱˣطӻҡ
Ψһֵҵģά˱ͳһͬʱΪһսԵʣǿûղ̫ࡣ
Щ飬ܹܵģΨһ飬Ծౡ֮д㶫ٶһЩ˲ų
ܶʶ֮ʿڵĹҵδģһоûˡ
ǳˣؼҵʱϵЦݸá
ڰ󡷳ĵһ죬ѧУ￴ˣϲزС
ϧѧȥ򼸱ղصʱȴϣ¿Ѿȫˡ
Ϊʧ˺ü죬Һý죬˼ӡϣ±
£дıȡѧҪȤϧǸͷܹûô
СʦôܲʦʧԣǸϲѧˣ
ôţһؼңⲼøҵһֱ̰˺Էųȥ
ԷʱŸ̰ӣﻹĪЩ⡣
̰һϲС˵ȴ¥¥ǩҲûڰ󡷡
Ǹ磬һܺÿС˵ˣ
̰ʣʲô
Сڰ󡷣ûɣصضˣҪҪ
ãѾˡ̰
е㲻ģʲôʱ򿴵ģ
Ҷϣ±̰
ô֪
̰⳶˸ɣ͵ҽԺġ
ʧ伫ˡ
ϣ±УһҪȥ򣬱ȸ̰ؿڰ󡷣
ر֪ôˡ
ϣ±¿Ȼܶ˼Ҫݣһʱǿġ
һǹԼӣǹ˶ˡתۣʱѾũʮ£Ҫˡ
˭ͳ飬ܶϰûиģǹ꣬Ҫһˡ


63 
ԽʱѾĸ, ʱչȥȴѾס
ҽû, ƽѧѾ, 꾹ֻʣ졪ƽѧĺ̵ͦģܹҲʮ죬, ͷһ¡
ϾʱٵĸȻѾعڣûгع涨ģѧУԼż١
ƽѧôţЩѧмҳ÷żٷ̫, ЩѧվѧУѧϰѧУʦҲվɰŴɽ
ƽѧ׵ʱ, һĩ, κͤӱŪð峵ѧУġ
οԣȻò
СʱԼĸ׶ѧϰҵǺʦ, ĻԶѧУͬѧĺãӢľ͸˵ˣѧѧЩӻͦģʱѧ̵ֲ, ȻѧòãҲ
ô, Ȼڰ￼˸߲вĳɼ
ɰ˻ˣѧУʦҲͦȵġ
ҲͬʱҲáˣúỵ́
ǣ˸һȻ͸˸ҵŷѧУһԭ顪ͽͯ
øȥⲿͯȻȽѣҲ޷
ⲿ黹û˷ŷһ£ܷҾȥ˿ӡ
ϵġͽͯЩ㶡
Ӣͦģֵ䡭ҾһСֵ
ô˵ҲԼˣһú÷룡
áЦЦ
øܷã⺢ҵҲʡƤ
Ⲽҵڱѧǽ֮ǰ̹Ӣ£ÿڼٶ顣
Ӣⶫˡ
źѧѧУʦԼ˸ᡣ
ڰ칫￪ģܽһһѧڵĽѧɹκͤÿʦһ̵ѧУĿѧڻ²ǮЩˣܽңʣµľЩǡ
κͤƽѧУƽѧǮģЩƽѧǮĿҲһֱӲӹһǮá
ԼʱʱǮ
κͤѼɻѼӡ
УѼѼӣͨʦ·ģ˵۸ܱˡ
ǰԹѼûԹѼӣֻѼһӼһɣκͤУأ
ֲҪʲôκͤóһúֽõԪ֮ǰǮ
ûӣҲȱǮκͤһֱסѧУûлؼҵĴ㣬ܲûǮ
ŰɣҲȱǮκͤ˼ƪ£׬˲١
ŰǮˡ
ʢʱʣУô죿
ҾѧУˡ
Ǹĸ㡭ʢԵ
ҪǻȥˣָҪѹϻˣκͤ
ʢԣѹϻΣ
Ҿȷκͤӻֵ֮껹ǲȥˡ
κͤסѧУصȥ˷СѾ÷СѾչһ㡣
СѾɷشӣҲסѧУģһͬסģпŵȳͷ
Լ裬ѾⲻˣǸȳͷĹϵԽԽã˸ף˵ԺҪûŮȳͷϡ
ȳͷʵҲǸˣǰưģ˲κͤ˻·ǰһѧУ￴ţͦįģСѾ֮󣬾Ͷ˺飬ӦѧУæʱŴӣ˫ؾˡ
ͦõġ
˷СѾԪڹڼóԵκͤԣ뿪ѧУؼҡ
˼ţͰԼϵݸ񣺡ѧУ
ʦãأܸˣͻȻʲô꣬ǻһ𣿡
ô鷳˵֣ܹб˻ȥǾʡ˰ɡϦ죬ԵԼԾС
ԭļǰݣũʮ£¼ҾͿʼæŹˣ࣬ɨŴ׷⡭³̵ģҡ
Ϧ⼸죬æúܣҪ棬Ҫдѡ
ƫƫʱ򣬼ĳؼȥˣҲæǺܶ飬ͶҪȥ
ǣʱ˶ϲȴ۵վֱ
ԭʱȻҲĸףСʲôֻŵԼгϢˣһҪͼӶźԼĸס
ڼˣҲֲ࣬İ˴ڼûˣɵ㻹ǿԵġ
ǲˣҪݵġ
治ãʵܶ˶ǲݵģЩ˾͸˵ˣ˼ҹ궼ǲһӡ㿴ǲúܺãȰסˣʡ飬ȫʡ˰ɣҹҪģǶóԵģԼҳԸ
ʵҲôࡣ
⹦ϼ֣
ȻˣʳԼԣԸģ˭ϲԺóԵģ
˵ǰإϹŴ׷ŽȥöǣǺóԵĲˣ
˵֮治߹ˣǳڼң˺ܶ֡
ͬʱҲڼﱸ˺ܶʳ
Ѽ˼ֻýͽãѾɹˣ⣬˵⣬Ȼܶຣ
߹꣬׼ʳһÿÿ㺣ɡ
⵹ΪʱԲ߲ˣȫΪǺɣǴƽԵģϺ߲ͨ˼Ҳ𣬾ͳرˡ
ٽ꣬ÿ춼֡ܶһ꣬׾ͻ󷽵ػһЩ˵һʲôġ
إ죬ȥ͹ݿ˳ϰ壬Ȼͷֳϰ͹Ϊ¥¥¶ˡ
ϰһֻѼһֻѼȻһӳϰ͸Ŀ⡣
ӳϰ뿪ȥ˴ڱ༭
⼸죬ڱͣģإϰһ죬ȥʱЩ༭Ѿö׼ؼˡ
ٻƼһȻָ߼ţؼ
Ӵڱ༭뿪֮һţȥ˹ҽԺҸ̰
ʵǰ죬ȥǱҸ̰ˣȥ֮󣬾֪̰Ѿжʱûȥˣ˵̫æ鲻ʱ䡣
֪̰ɴҽԺš
ٽ꣬ҽԺܶҽżˣ֪ԼܿܵȲ̰ûߣȵʱ򣬻Ǯ˸
ʱ᲻Ķģڵˡ
ñֽţÿ֣ſһͿ̰ҽԺˡ
ЩϲҪкͼһͣ˸̰ǰ
Ȼ󣬸̰ͺһһ˳
һˡЩʧ䣬ĸ̰־ȻҽԺܳס
硣ЦŴк
Ҹҽ治ɣи˲ˣøҽȥ̰֣һֱѺãҪҪҰҽ
ˣûʲô顣
רҽģʡ
ǰЦЦֵ̬еֵֹġ
ֵûԾ층ҽͷżˣڹҽԺҪϰ࣬ҪҸҽĻʱ
Ӧˣ뿪
ֿ뿪ȴе㼤
̰ϲ£֪˷ǳ٣ǡ֮һ
ˣٻעٵûϲˡ
šƺͦϲҲͦġ
پҪˣԻ㱨һ¡
ֵ뷨һ֪ԭ˸̰Եģ̰ûԼˡ
֮ûţȻӭ˴ҹ
죬˵þһӵĺòˡ
˰мüļӻм˸ӵ֮⣬һǴ㣬һ⣬Ѽ躣㹽˺ͺؼ
Щ˵ķ㣬һ˳ԵĶƤԲҲûꡣ
ǼԼҹ꣬Ҳʲôʱ䣬ҹԵú磬춼ûڡ
˿ɫȥƽѧ
ϰԼĶһ꣬м¼ҵݻòģ̰мˣһȦʶκͤ꣬µ
ȥҲãԵúܱһ˾͵ʳˡ
²˵κͤκͤͦݵģʣҪҪԵȥ
ʹӦˡ
΢һ£ȥǴ㡣ֵ
Ǵ㣬ǽ͹ըȻǡס͵õ֭ġ
һ㣬ǰɱ˶ѾըһһҪȥƽѧУҪòȥ
Ѿըӵ֭ܿˣõʱ²Ѿ֮ǰ˴Եȫ˵㡣
Щ˶װˣһʳ
ʳгŵʱ컹ţûãͰˡ
죬Ĵϻǳ֣ˣȴһ˶·ߵҪôŵƣҪô⡣
˰Сʱƽѧ
ƽѧĴŹţһСѾ̾ܳˣȵʣôˣ
ҹǳԷ𣿡
ڳأСѾҪҪһԣ
ѾԹˣǴ˼ˡЦЦ
˲ˣκͤſҲˡ
ѧУʳ߳Էģκͤȥеڴʵ㶼ʲôˣóҿ
ʳзڰϣͰѲ˳ͬʱҲϵĲɫ
֪κͤΪʲôĲ˳ڴˡ
ͷ˼ңǲյġеĳԾͺˣ˭찡
ˣһǹˮȻ󵹲˽ȥ죬Ͷš
ڳ⣬Ҳôģλͣڱǲ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
˻õ㣬˼ĵֻΣͶĿĥ
СѾѹͲˣϵĳʳʵеҲ̶á


64 
߹, ɱֻϾһֻ
ͨİм, һ, ǣֻýģڷ˽͵ļ
ϻһ, ɼΣĿİۣͺ㣬Ҳˡ㣬˵, óԣղźóԡ
, ԼĪýͼյˡ÷յɺɡû, ü˱һˣԼĪûƲȥĭƮһ㵰
ʵϵĲͦģ˵ʵ, žûθڡ
һеҡҺòңǰ¼ңСʲĳҲͲ, СѾһ֪Ҫôղˡ
Ȼ, ԷСѾ˵ٲֻҪ⣬ǶǺóԵġ
Ĳ˲࣬Ҳһ⣬һѼһǴһؼ
Ƿ廨⣬Ȼˣһ鿴ŻζĺܣǴ͸˵ˣؼҲƬȷըȻŷŽͷǺյġ
˷źãκͤкһԣһ׾ƣ³Եɣһ
ҲվԱ߿˼ҳԣҲˣ£СѾ͸һ˫ӣЩε˵κУҲ̫ղˣҡ
СѾͦ˼ģһĲˣ;ԼյĲˣʵ̫ˡ
û£ҸղˡκͤЦЦ
ôһءǶñʵˡСѾΡ
һСѾյļԣСѾ㣬ԺˣסһͺˣͼֱӰˮпôմ;ͺã߲ˣͬĲ˷ֿһ𡣡
飬ôζķô˵úܶ࣬Ҳڸֲ˻һŪζ
ˮ󣿲Ǻ˸óصط˽͡СѾ
Ǻö˼֮صﵹ˽͵ġ
ҪգôͰ֭ոɡˣЩƽԶܽġ
ûȫǽ֭ոɡ
һѧŵ㡣СѾͷ־ؿǶ˶ࡣ
治Լö࣬ʵǷСѾ֪̫١
ҲܹǴûгԹóԵġ
СѾ˳Էʱ򣬶Ĳˣκͤк˼Σǲų˳
óԡ
ǡǰûԹġ
ڣСѾʶըؼ
֮ǰԹˣûʲôκͤǳ˲٣Թ֮󣬾Ͷǳȥߣ¸
κͤȥκͤȸԪ㲻õң߻Ǯġ
֪ԼСѾǮ鱻κ֪ͤˣЩΣκУҲȱǮ
Ҳȱ֮ǰػأһǮͶ٣κͤˣҺ㡭ûпգ
пգʲô£ʡ
ҪϺҴȥܣܲõǮҪҪһȥκͤ
٣Ӣһ
ִˣԻӢˣ׹ġ
λٵһЩ档
ĸ׻ʢƽӳӹȥʱһˡ
˼ˣʱԷηˡߣа
֮һ·ƴɱ¾˼
ĩڱһҵģȻçЩԽԽãֵµıԽԽࡣ
һ󣬾ʱ٣˾֮һ
ʱܶ뵱ϴ󣬻ʢƽû˼ֻҷԴܺԼһĶֵأԼʵۣ´ƣҲ˳˼ġһſ£Ҳûվ˳ʷ̨
ʷĺУʵûʲôҲ³㲻ۼȥֱӴźӵϺԢֳ˹
ֻǸճͲˡ
ʷûʲôģ֪ȫΪĵڶӻӢ
λپ˵ʱڣǸ׬Ǯģ˹žΣºܶأָʱĻ˰ɽãڹ⽨һҵ۹
ϱʱλѾүүعͶʣڹǽѧУǽҽԺǮŪýձҵ£ű˳
Ӣһδ飬ǰ£󻹰ѲƲȫ˳
Ȼʱϣ»ӢΪǰ̫࣬ʷ֪ʷ㲻öãûҲЩһϰձҲҪһѾǲˡ
£ٲҪ
һȻûŮҲû˺ˣΪ˻
κͤǸˣͰ÷ˮϵǮɲ٣ҿܲ˵һЩκͤĴѧѾ˵ƤڸǷˣʽȴǷ
ȥ٣ͦڴġ
ܰκͤ죬ٻᣬ˺ܶˣԸȥʶһ¡
ллУм֪κͤԸȥĳϣЯ
ȥú׼׼κͤ
̾ʹӦ
κ̸ͤٵʱĻ٣ڸҳҹ
ҵСרŸůԶϺӺãǵ˺ܶ̿𣬺ůġ
ȵˣ·վԼĶ磬ȴЪԼ㡣
磬Ҳ硭ȴҹü鷳
ԴعڼҵĴһٽˣһտܵܣֱӾ˵Ҿһܵܡ
µľ磬ܾģʱҪԼϹһһ
ôţ͸еԼıðູıŪʪģǲ·ֻûûζسԷ
ӢƼһĻЦ
ǰǲġ
̰Сסûдŵ㣿ҪҪҸӣӳȥӢ
á̰
Ӣԣؿ˸һۡ
硣̰һ
ӢıˣٶŸ̵س
Ժ÷¿ӣ̸ŷ˿ӡ
ԺˣӢʡ
æͷ
ǻﰭʲôӢֵ
͵ر̾ˡ
ȸˣ̰ŵ磬Żʲô
ֻŻŻѣûġӢֻҪ뵽ǾĿ׵ʱڼԺúȺãҾͿ˳ۡ
̰˵ˣǼӣĺܿࡣ
Ӣֵ籾Ҳ߹ֻ߲꣬ҹˣ׼˲ٶˡ
Ӣ˳ۣԼܣȴﶼ˳ۡ
ϾΪĸ顣
ǵĸ׻ʢƽڲçмǵ˲˵ġʮǰЩˣͰӶŮҪƭɱ
ʢƽȻûмƣҪɱˡ
ôһ⣬˶Ըļˣ˰ӶŮȥ˹⡣
ֻϧҵ˲ס
ʹ̰ĸСȷʵ͵˹⣬ǸǴȥ˾ǵǮˣȫȻİĹҵͷϡ
ǵǸ׻ûǰȢģ˵òȴǸֲʶһŮˣأЩ³Ұܣʱûô飬ʶ֡
Ļ࣬һ㡣
Ǵΰﱻ˴֣Ҳˣж㣬ټǳǵĸ׻Ŵ粻һӵԹˡ
Сò꣬¡
ʱһӱ˶ģҺṵ̂
ڳǰ̰ʵ졣
̰̰꣬ʱǼҵҪȥʱ򣬼Ѿˣϡټ̰ͱ˳ȥӡ
̰Ǽո̰֣Ǽ˸ġ
̰ǻ˼ҴС飬Ǽսг£Ұǣ̰ӻʱѾʶǧ֣ˣʦǣʹ粻Σ̰ȴüΪ档
ԼãǵĸͷϱޣʹҲµòеʱ̰ҵһͷϿĻóЬĽӣһ˸ס
ʱǵĸֻ֪ޣţСһʼ̰ĽʳҲ̰˵ɣһӲû
ȻˣҲˡȥɣʱʱͻ˵Ūʳؼҡ
ô˼£̰ȻѧģȻĸ˳ʳȥǲõĻ
ǶӣӢǲ̫Ըģںྡϵ˸ףǸǮ
ȻȻǮȴδת
Ǯڰ÷ˮ𣬻˴̣Ϊ֮ǰβˣ첻ǵĸסֻ֪ޡ
һҪȥǶҪ⡣
ʱ̰ȥѴһǰңƴ̣춢ѧѧģǴӶԨġ
һҵӣҲʼѧϰͷ
ǰһعǰĸ׻عǰ̰Ҳҵعˡǵ
ڸ
ǸʵûʲôԹǸȻЩС˼ûǣҲûºǡ
ֻ뵽СʱԲܣ˹ֲȴڼﵱСүܹǲ̫ġ
籾͸ڼ̰
ʲôЩ˿žᡣӢ
̰֪ӢԸĸĽᣬûٽӻ
ʱӢֵ̰˵㿴ѧĶӡģֻҪϲҺʹ綼ֵ֧ġ
̰һ
Ӣֵ²Ŷڸˣ϶йͬԣͦĻд飬㲻
ӢϺϣȴѾȫˡ
ͦ͵ġ
⺢־ĲҪԼҲܰӹãвŻ֮ǰΪܵϲǸϷӺ̫ࡣ
ˣ᲻ܵܡͷ˭ǹ˭ǴүһˣܹӲġ
磬û¡̰
ò͹ſڴװ˵ӣͦϲģĿ
ദˣ涼㡣
Ҳ˶ѡ
ֲ˶ϲˣͻС˼ʲô
̰
磬ҴȱԼԼᴦ̰
ǡ
ӢͷǺպĻ٣˰ͽᣬŸ̰ȴӲ
Ҫܵܣָûˡ
ο÷ˮ𡭡ûعʱ򣬿ڹţܻعˣϺߵҲڹܣԾܱб¶ˡ


65 ˼
ϾǴҹ, Ҫؼ꣬κͤĹ֮뿪ˡ
ȥʱ, ҹɫ, ҼһĵȴţһЩЦд
Զʱʱ졪ڷűڡ
ǹ, ӿŲȥ²
ߵһսǵʱ򣬾Ȼһ£ˤһӡ
ʮ, һƲ·Ҳͺڵú, Զи·, ټϼҼһʳĵƹ⣬Ҳڿ·
·жͿˡ
һ£ǾԼù, ͻȻʶʲôɫһ䡣
ĲʯͷоǺںһš
ҹ·׼Щ, óһлȼһ
ڻ΢Ĺ, һݹᾣһƾɵĵµĺڵϡ
⺢ӵԴȣеˣûдЬ˼ָͷ
յ֣Ž֮ſ
վԭأóһȼ
ϵĺҲ꣬Ҳһ㣬ˣѾӲˣʯ̳ɵ·ϡ
ֱյָ
ԽôãûмˣˣҲǼġ
֮ǰȥʱ򣬾иǰǼЩĲˣʶֲ״
һؼԲ·ϿôһҲ֪ǶǶĺӡ
վںڰһá
ãżǰȥ
ûþ͵˼ңţˡ
κУѧУﻹðɣʵ
ͦõġ
Ǿͺáߣһһߵ˵ݩҪҪԣ
ˡϴ衣
Ҫϴ谡Ҹˮȥ²̾͵
ģڳջǸ£ڳջȴǸò£ůˡ
²˻ˮһݱֽŵĻ⿴
ٿ飬ÿ۾
²ͷȴû±ֽ
ʱҲ˸СߣŮһ𿴱ֽ
ǣһ㡣
ù̵ˮϴ˸衣
²꣬ҹ˯ȴػ˷䡣
ÿϣд㡶ڰ󡷣ϲûд˴
֮ǰ飬뵽˺ܶࡣ
Լܶ飬ӡ̵ͯСŮҲһ¡ë˼ǡִʱһЩʱڵƬ
кЩƬĵĶǶ·ߵĺӡ
ҵʱĳЩУרŰһЩʬˣ·ߵ˼
ͻȻ뵽Ҫдʲôˡ
ĵǣһϺĺӡ
֪֮ǰǸϢ·ߵĺӽʲô֣дһĺӣԼúúõġ
ãû˯⣬ɴʹӴȻдЩĵĴ١
֪Լд˶ãֱ۾̫¡
ڶһһ׼ʱ𴲵ˣ¥ߵʱѾˡ
ӣЩƽÿسũǲģûˣǰһЩ߲˱ţټʣµˣѾ㹻˳ԡ
Թ飺ǳȥߣ
²񶼴Ӧˡ
Դ˪ں죬˪ģԭΪȱˮڵƤʱͺ˺ܶ࣬ڿں죬ڼÿ춼ٵͿһ㡣
ҪǲûвһȥѴԭеĿںˡ
ƼҲûֹͷúÿҲǺ¡
ܺãҲûʲô磬ʯ̳ɵĵ·ɢһЩҶߴߴȸӿ£·Ѱʳ
һͦõģ벻кӾô·ϡ
˵Ҫ²ߣľֻߡΪһ·ǿŵĵ̵ġ
Ȼˡ
ߵ֮ͻȻЩճšҲǣ׬Ǯ£˿϶᲻ǹŵģһסźܶ˵ĵطζǲŨ
·һҲ÷̵ʱ²ȥԼһװ
ڳϰﴩװ뿪͹֮󣬾ûˣװҲ˳ϰ
Щӣһֱĳۡ
ҲԭģʱڣϺ˶װ
ʱһ˺˵ĶܺãһųˣȻҲͿϳ⴩װˡ
ԭ򣬴ʱһֻиˣŻᴩװ
ˣҲûдװ
κͤ˵ϲװҪȥ٣Ҳװ
ִҪװֱӻǮһ׳¾УʱҪҲ÷
·ҪѡǺӣһҪ˿󣬹ⶨҪ
ˬظǮȻȥ˸ƤЬ꣬һǮһ˫ƤЬ
·ܶ࣬Ҳû²ƤЬļ۸ûʲôͬԼƤЬ²ÿһ˫
˵ƤЬǺɫģĺܣʱһ˫ƤЬǺʱֵ顣
ƤЬǺܹģΪˣ²صһš
ûҪ²֣󵽵׻˴һŵЬӡ
·Ǿͻ˼ңȻ²ѧϰдԼ顶˼ǡ
¼ҵʱ򣬳ݹȴ徻ĺܣд飬д˺ܾõӢĶԼעȫɣдһֵġ˼ǡ
дЩʱ򣬸ңԭĸԼķר־룬롶ͽͯ
С
ٶųϢҪĲŻϺʵϣǰˣȻһֱڸ̰
ǶôӣȻӦҪ롶ͽͯҲû棬ԭȣҪԼĸǧѹǮЩԼͬѧúһģǡڡ
Ӳûҳȥ档
Ȼţֻܴڼˡ
ЩС˵Ѿܶ飬Ѳ뿴ˣûɴ͸Ǳͽͯˡ
һʲ飬һ˼ȥ£һҪʲôôѧˣȻѧһоǰǸ̹һЩҲԺð˳
֣Щͦ˼ġ
ڿдһŮֻĴָС
ץ֪µ׽ʲô
ϧ뿴
ε̾˿о
оţһֻͻȻǰ顣
ͷڴ£ţ̧ͷȥͿԼĶվڴ£ϵ顣
æԼҪѿڶ˵Ļʻضת硣
֪ù˰ӢЦЦؿŸ
ĿҪǻˣҾ㿴
ôʲô࿴ͦõġڻӢ飬ĸļ򣺡úÿ
˵ˣ߳һ·ֻعŸһЦϾǹŮϲĹ֮һ
ǹŮӿģɣ
Ƶĺܣرʸ̰ǲôһ¡
ȻлӢڣӽ˸̰
ֻƵؼͽͯϾ
Ӣȥ˸̰
̰ڿԭ飬Ӣһ飬;ͷ
ҲȥŸ̰Աߵȡ͵Ǳѧ
һͿҳǩ
Ȼܵ飬ĥţҪһһ
Ҳϲأ
ܵܿϵˣҪŪ
ϾҪܵܣûˡ
ôţӢֿԼ֡
ǳ߸飬áѧõĶ֣ͷˡ
ǳܣ˰ʹ磬ĸСá
֮󣬰˵Ҫָͷֿѡˡѡ
ֻʣһĴָˣұΪϹûúýƣȻ˿ˣĹͷȴġ
Ӣ͵ˣдС˵ûʲôȤġ
һϲˣһҪǸ̰ţ϶ֶ⡣
Ȿѧſţǿζˣ濴һЩ֮Īرˡ
дͦģô򵥣Ӣȷʵͦÿд飬ܶɣ
̰˽רʹҡ
Ǹ鵹ǲӢֵ
̰
ϣӢӸ̰뿪ȥλϺլӡ
լϺķ֮һһסĻˣйס
լӣȫڹʱʶһЩˡ
ϣԼլٰᣬ˺ܶϵĻ
ӢⳡᲢģϲ׬ǮʵϲϲʣЩ飬ܹҪġ
ǵڹ⣬ͷһҪˣȻҲҪΪŬ
ǽӲӣϺߵͨ˼ң϶׼һӭ񣬼һ㻹һһݡ
죬Щ˶ûдڼӭ
翵ĲүǽûȥӭҪλϺģĲү
Ʋܹ鲨λĸףλĵλȵúܣȵúܡ
ǰϵģ컹ûڣ˾ͷ׷׳ˡ
Ҳ֮һ
һ磬ȥ÷Լװȥ˸Ȼͻոµ·ȥƽа
ţֺκͤһ𣬽˻ưǰĿĵء


66 
κͤһһưĿĵء
ٵլſѾͣ˺ܶ, ٻǴųۣǴװ˴ӳ, Ȼ, ҲдװŮˡ
Ǵ۵ŮˣһûƼʱ۵Ů˻١
ʱŮ˵··ֿ, ˲ŴۣʱŮӴۣʵͲΪ˺ÿΪ˿룬ѧ˴ۡ
, ҲҪĻ˶֮
κͤڴӻư˳, լȥ
ȥκ, ԾѾ˼ʶڲŷ֣ԼʶĻ̫١
ٵլһȣκҵլӶ㲻ʲôˡ
ٵլſкǹʵʿվڿ, ȥ֮һ԰ȴ԰ǹˡ
ſڣװ̴ӡһų˻žװӭ͡
Ǹһǽι, ÿˣܽг, Ȼ˺Ѽ䣬̴ӰӭȥװˣǵϱĿÿ˵ɨһֱһԲ
κˣλǡκͤǸ̾ЦŴкȻɻؿ
Ըܵװ˵Ŀ⣬ҲԼϡ
ǻСģǻ̲סʲ
κͤЦƹҵѣ
ԭ롣ƹ˵꣬һ̴ӹκͤȥ
ⶰ󷿵ĵ¥ףûиϣֻһЩʯ֧ţгһ޴᳡мǹĵطܱɳṩͺ;ˮ
ôһտľ޴ռ䣬Ȼȡ
촩װȻװ洩˳ë£һ㣬һ·ɱòС
ɽӣȴůˡ
һЩƤëŮˣһͽϵȡ½̴ӣ̴ӽӹ磬һˣҲ֪֮ŵȥ
ǵһμʶʱᣬңԼдѧʱ򣬽ģдˡ
վſڵƹǻϺĴˣϵĻͨģϺˣȫʶκͤˣӦǻߵģרſڶţûпɵˡ
˵ͷĳϣҪϸһ㡣
˵ҿʱƻûʮôϾҪȻ׶ĳϡ
κͤĸĸϺˣѾϺס˺üˣʶܶˡ
кЩ˴к
һкͻȻ֣κͤô˴
м䣬κͤǸ࣬ȻҲûϲЩʹģǷݲϲװ׵ذˡ
κͤҲʶһ㣬ɴһ˸š
ỹûʼѾ˺ܶ࣬졣
ĳϣһǲ̸˽µġ
ʲôȽ׬ǮŮ·ΣٲȻ顣
ˡѧһ顣
ҲˣһˡҽҲ֪¥ôˡ
˵¥ǸѧǸѧ

ڵ֪ȣһ㶼ҵ͡κͤЩۣЦٹã¥֣ƾͱܼӸˡ
κ飬Щܼӿɲһ
ϺкܶİܼӣϷʲô棬κͤǣȫһġ
κͤЦЦת˻⣺ȥõ㶫԰ɣҪСѾĲˣζʵڲô
κͤô˵ˡǾõ㶫԰ɡ
˵㶫ͿˣպĻٳˡ
ӡġүүǸͷ׷Цŷǳˡ
١
ٺᣬҲͶʮӣȴûʲô˵ĳŵе
Ը̫ã˲سŵ˵һҶԸ⡣κͤҲȥ
κͤȥͿиͺڹά٣ٿֿ䣬ȻᵽԼŮ
ﻰѻӢŮһ˶óϻӢԼŮ
㻰̫ˡӢͻȻ˷ҵʱ䡣
Ǹͺ˱һҲͦ⡣
û뵽ԴҵġүүʱȻԸֳϣôӡ
ӢôӣһҪ
ҿɲǣ
ӢȻǸͺ˺ܲʱȻ磬Ҳ˵
٣þòκͤǰȥӢ˸к
Ӣκͤ˳ǣȷʵþòˣκʲô
κͤˣӢʶģǰκͤĸ⣬κͤ
ƺκͤһκȴΪΪκͤǸ̰ѡ
һڹ⣬һʼסһģȱǮˣиԵ·ҪߣҲͷֿˡ
ʱҹϵǮһУѧ˼֮عȥ̿ƣʼϵڵ⣬̰ȴȥҽơ
ʱĽӴͲ̫ˣһֱͨŵģκͤ飬̰˵
ڳｨѧκͤЦȻ˵ԼѧУ
κͤĴѧع֮󣬸ɹ飬ѧУҲｨ˲ֹһ
д󲿷ѧУǸģҲƽѧԼ˽ѧУ
ѧȴΪѧѧѣⶼܹϣܰһͨҲܶĴѧ
Ӣţǳ˳飬ĴѧǸ޵׶κͤҪǮˣ
ˣڸ̰ϣҲǿԵġ
ѧκ־Ӣ
κͤΪڵĽҵԾౡ֮
£ҶþǣӢ㻨Ǯκͤ򷢵ͻȻվڻӢ
ҵκͤܵ
Ȼд飬е֪Լ¥ֻһѧʦˡ
κͤԼӢ죬ȻðôһСʦܸӢ֮ǰҲûнܣû뵽ӢȻ
ǸӢʡ
ǵġͷ
ӢһʮӢ˲ž;񡭡ӢЦʱ˼ģ֡
лٿ佱Ϊ˵е˽Ӵе㲻ڣʵϡͦڵġ
ʦʲôģӢʡ
ڽӢġȻӢ˵Ӣġ
ӢĻش
ӢӢѧҵģ˵ôܵʦ˲á
ͽԼľٵ˵ˡ
Ůഺڸշʱ򣬳߶ǳϵġ
ҲΪഺڵŮȶԵóռߵıҲ
ڻڳ壬Ҳͦģ͵ֲ֡װһԵϸȳ
Ӣĳ࣬ǳ⡣
̸ºѧʶҲӢκͤһҵĸҪǿ󣬱ҪкõĽǺԸֽ֧ҵģκƷҲֵšκԸ֧ʮԪѧ
κͤȻһӢʵָǻӢǮϾӢ졣
û뵽ӢȻһſھ͸ʮ
ʮѧܽˣϿԿʼﱸ飡
κܼͤ
ҲЩݡ
һ൱İٿ飬ʮ󣬾൱ǧˣ
ֻǼ仰ԸóǮֽ֧ҵȻٵԸĻүүһֽ֧̬ȣȴһġ
ðһ뷨
ûϸ롣
Ӣڸκͤ˵֮󣬾ûϹѧ򲻴ȥ
ҲٶѧҶƲ̫У֪ʶĻѧ
ѧıҲѧʲôˣרд顣
ͦáӢ
Ӣ˵һͲ˵ˡ
ӴһµģҲĳϱֵ̫ԡ
Ӣ߸˻˱ˣκͤԱߡ
û뵽ô󷽡κͤЩпһܹΣ
κҪѧУΪʲôСѧҪѧԼʡ
ʵ뷨ڰСѧġ
СѧҪٺܶ࣬κͤѧǮ㹻ܶСѧռ
СѧЧ̫ˡҾõ֮һЩ˲κͤ
κͤ뷨еģǸСѧԼ¶Ժ
ᣬˣϣܼ£ԶһЩӡ
һֱ쵽ʮࡣ
κ֮ͤǰǮûưǣҲõĻز˼ңһ·ϣʵЩˡ
ԺޱҪǲڴ촩װˡ
ִʱ򣬼пյһļװû⣬û
ȻѾñȺܶҪˡ
壬ô䣬ǵӹôʡ
ܳԱˡĴ
֮ǰ·Ͽ˶ĺӡ
ְֲټЩãû˵ôأǴ
λưԸӵɷȫһ̸ͦġ
ֻΪҹ·ֻǣģ˵ˡκͤҪƽѧѾֿˡ
ѯ£ĳ˵˺Щ˵ĺйص顣
Щһһ¡
ؼ֮˯ˡ
ƽѧҪ߲ʽʼϿΣڶһҲţֽ̯д
дĲԼ顶˼ǡһţһٵš
ϱûѧѧϲʷֿ飬Ҳ֪顣
û취ԼĹԶĹҵǹ֧ҩҲû취Ūʲô·в׬Ǯĵӡ
˵֪ų´ɱ´֮࣬϶׬
Լ˵ġ
ʱͲų̂˺úʵҵ
ĳ˰ѹˣЩΪ˶׬Ǯ뷨跨Ĺ壬ڵĹԱΪҲܳ֡
ʱڣʵܶ˶û³ϰҩĴʼˣΪԸ׳䷽
֪Լޣûб϶ãˡ͸
ѡûʡ
ԸæһЩ顣
дúܳдһ׬ǮķӣȻֱʾԼ֪һҩƷҩƷԾȺܶܶˡ
˵ҩƷǿء
֮ǰ̰һȥʱ뵽ˡ
ʱпأܶ˾ܰѲʹĥˣսУҲܶܶˡ
Ҫ֪ԭʷϣȻʮˣʮں򵽡
ʱȫ˵УֻҽԺУ۸ǰزС
ڶս˺ܶŷʿңƴߵʿ˿ڸȾ󣬳ֻܵ
Լء
һ
£ʵһֱѹ֮ǰǹ߸̰ø̰ȥоأ뵽ʱҵĹٳлˣȴֳˣԼô˸̰
ӦòЩ
٣ĸ׻ԾŵĽʮǲµġ
ȻˣҲȱģŵ㣬ȱʵ΢
ҡÿصΣԺȻʱˡ
䵽ûϸ˵ҩƷʲôֻ˵ǸȤϣ¿ϵһСͨ档
дţŵĩβҡ
һĳȥģСڰ󡷵ĵݸӡ
ݸ״εǳңҲʶҩ


67 
ȱֵĿ, ùء
ʮҲ1928, Ӣһϸѧȷù, ֹʮ꣬ùڱȡʼٴӦá
ϱ, дһΪϸС˵ʱⲿС˵дľÿصĺҲˣܶйصϣ˸ʵ, һùء
ֻҪôȡ, ôƳҩ, ʵţֻҪԸͶһо
, һ漣Ĺҡ
˵ģ˵ùҩһʼⲢǹңˡֻȥһ, ǹҾԼùˡ
ھ»ٲš
Ҫûţֻܼϣдǲڰˡ
˵, дⲿС˵ԾҪͨⲿС˵ռִҽѧ֪ʶִĹԼ߱ˣпҩ
ⲿС˵һӣϣڿⲿС˵֮ȥоء
㣬֪ĿصдС˵ȥ
ԸͲôˣȫֱӽȥо
ź͸Ӽĳ֮󣬾ͻ˼ҡ
Ѿˣ̶ܶţϺܱߵũֿʼԼҵĲõһüĲؼң²ԡ
ִȥˮ㣬ҶģʱҪ򵽻㲻ףҲֻиͷС㣬ſܻᱻͰġ
㣬ܹûôóԣվûˡ
һ֣յǺʹףŨ跹óԡ
Ա㣬ȻԼдȫע͹ӢĶȥҵӡݡ
ҵӡһϰӣһģȥʱ򣬾Ƽܶ˶졣
·ȥ³
ôпչǡҽҪˣ³Ŀŵһֽϣ¶ڴ
ҽⱾ飬һЩֽʱ˲ϲˣԸһؼϸƷġ
ⱾҪˣȡѧ
ûУҽҪٹ²ᡣܱ࣬㣬һҪ档
ʲô飿³ǱֽûзС˵Ұ˰Ըߡ
ⲻС˵ѧӢĵĹ顣Լдõĸӷ³ǰ
³ǲӢĵģӹĸһȫӢģ;еͷ󣬲ϸһͿ˺ע͡
³䲻Ӣģĺڽ̻ѧУ飬ѧӢġ
ѧòãҲ֪Ҫôѧá
ͷɹѧӢĵ̫ˣ
³ϵĸӶ˼ӣؿ
ӢģöĽͣһƪƪȥǰЩ£дĶճ£дȴһЩ˼С¡
£ܹʮƪ
ҶˣҵӡݣϺΨһһӡˢӡݡ³鲻С˵Ҳ棬Ҫұ˿
Ӧõġ
ЩӢĶƪǰѾдĲˣҲκͤȷûдġ
ֻ˿̫ˣ༸˿ͦãдҲܾ
ھȥ˿³顣
ܾˣҲ̫֪¥Ƚæ¾鷳ܱˡ˿Ȿ飬һʱܿģҪþá
鷳Ҫˣңǳ磬Ǻ¡³Ը⣬ƵԶдһЩ
һġЦ
³뿪ֱӾͻؼˡ
д˼ǡĿͷ
ʱ³ȴдӢĶģ𵩴ѧҵԼʶһͨӢĵĽڡ
ѧӢĵĹ飿ڽӹ³ĸӣͿ
˼ƪһĴȵãһҪ棡ֱѧӢĵĽ̲ˣ
ôã³Щȡ
УڵӢĳⱾ漰ˣȫѧ꣬ӢҲѾѧ˸ˡ
³һϲôãǿ϶·
˭ʣעر׼ȷһʻü˼ӢҲ뷨õǣЩ¶Ȥ
¥³Ըˡ
¥дѧ͡ҽǸڵͲˣϾ󣬻رд¡
³¥û
ҪĻҪϽһ㣬ɣѸӷϸһ飬ȻҸֵѧУиרоѧˣܸһЩ顣
³Ӧ
ͬһʱ䣬һֱ벻ʲôĸŻӢڼңҵ̰⡣
úöˣ̰˿Լܵд߰ķ룬ʵ
ȻˣҪúѧӢģԺȥѧ
̰һۣУҸʦ㡣
ĩܶ໪˱ȥ͹
͹Կͺùŷ޸Ļӭʱܶҵ·ʲôģǻ͹ģ󣬺ܶ໪͹Ҳ˹
̰ڹǵһЩ͹İæģֵҲͶұЩһ⣬ʼЩ˵Ů
ϣ±ܱ֮һ
ǻعʱ͹ŮһҲǻعˣЩ˱Ĳ˵ӢĶԣȫԴһÿ̸
ʦңˡ
ֵ̰ԺѧؼңʦúѧӢģ
ҪѧӢģԼĻֵʱ䣿Ӧһ̧ͷͶ˸̰˫ۡ
ûҾܾ
ˣѧѧɣҲûѧ
ǱͽͯƵػطˡ
ϺߵչѾܲˡ
ĸӺżĳһ죬ͱ͵ϣ±ı༭лӢլӡ
ӢԴϺ¶棬û취ٴڸ̰ˡ
Ҫʵ̫ࡣ
˵죬һŲμӸֻӲǵϲŻؼҡ
ҲǣҪȥһˣи֣绹ԼȥԺȾƣϡиҪ̸
æòɿںܶ飬Ǹ̰ڴ
˵ĵӢլӵĸżȫ͵˸̰
̰ӹҽԺ°࣬صʱ򣬸һӢĵʦ
ȥŸ飬ԼȴͨţһߵС¥ﴦ
ӢϺҪҲ˺ܶ࣬ȰѽҪļ˼ˣȻͰϣ±˽
˿ȵģܺãһͶ٣ǵϣ±ѾӡΣһݣ
ô̰ࣿЩȡ
ô࣡ȫϺģЩںġϲġ
̰Ժ濯ǵĸӣҵģѰѹأߣ־Ժһܰá
ڱԽšѧǵϣ±϶ҲС
ϣ±ˣ޺ġ
Ӧˣóһֽ٣ּ˸ӹ
̰ȵü
û뵽ûãҾȻּ˸ӹ
ӹϵĸӣ̰
ڵ֪ԼԭھԺ֮󣬺ƣȴҲް취һֻص
һ£һȾصķףʼգòסҽԺ
ҽҽûʲôð취ҽʾҲ˼ˡ
ܾ־Ѿʮ꣬ļ䲻㳤٣ȴҲ
ĻδԽִ
Ȼ󣬻ʿע⵽ԣѪˮ
Ҳ֪ǲδùصԵʣõ÷ǳ죬ϲŹˮͺõòˡ
̲סѯʻʿõʲôҩ
ʿõҩһɱϸҩ֡
ҶҽܸȤһֱϣƹҽʱ˵ҩѯ
ʿ˵ɱϸҩֹ֡ģõķײʲô󲡣ֻҪҽһ¡
ʿøһ˵̫࣬˵˼뿪ˡҺܶ඼ûףֻȥĲѡ
һѸǸðǷգۻǶۣԵ㡰֡ܺá
ϾȻҩұˡ
ϧһ̾ͱʾ֡ҩǲõģжģ˶к档
ȻѾʹҡ
ҲΣҽԺĲֻȥһҹĲȻͺˣ
һݸһһ֣ϸдҵĲУΪԼҪ̲סᣬͻʿ赭дһ䡰ǷסԱ쳣ԡ
һȥֻڿҲΪҸˣ̰ͬ
Ǹҽ
ϸⶫȻûʲô˵𣬵֪ڹкܶоЩۿĶ
Ҳ֪ܶϸġ
ֻǣһֱҲԸϸİ취
ڰĴɱϸҩ
̰ЩȻע⵽Ҽĳ˸ӣһֽһƪӣԸ֮ǰƪһ𿯵ǡ
Ȼô˵ˣǾһ𿯵ǡ̰
̾Ӧˡ
ʵһҪʲôͰźˣкܶµſǣٶô˵ˣǿ϶ҪѰġ
ʲô¡ҵ£ȷʵȱ˵ĺã
ܿ뿪ˣ뿪󣬸̰ͲҪʲôˡ
ڰ󡷵ԭһߣʼյĸż


68 ҽ
ȫ, Ϻ̰߻Ӣżкܶࡣ
ЩżѾֹ, Ҫıһ, ͳķ⣬̰ùЩţȿ
źܿ, һ߿һ߻дţ˼ĳȥ
Щһ⣬ĸ׼š
̰֮򿪣ȻͿþıʼдġͱ˵Ļ
Ųĸд, Ͼĸײʶ֣Щ, ĸ˵ġ
Ӧ֮ǰͼĳ, ͨƪǶֵܵĲͿߡ
ĸ׾粻ȻûаѶ̫ߣϱ
ĸҲ粻ȻԸǮ, ȢźõŮˡ
ĸ׸̫ȻϺȥҲӡ
̰ˡ
ڹô, ֵܼȫˣǵĸȴһû䡣
ŷһ, ̰ЩôҪš
Щв٣һһȻĿͣһϡ
ϵŵַдġ
̰ܶÿë֣ôƯĸֱ֣ȴټ
ǿģǳ졪ҵ֡
ҲǺܴġҡ֡
Ҹдʲô
̰Щɻų򿪣Ⱥܿ쿴һ飬Ȼؿһ顣
ڰһС˵һ㣬ȻûндĶ棬ֻˣѧʶӦúܷḻ
Ȼ֪ϸĶ
ø̰û뵽ǣ˵дС˵ҩʵڵģ֪ҩ
Ǹ׬Ǯķӣ̰ʵû̫⡣
ʲôȱܿʲôʵ׬ô׬ǮĻЩǹˡ
Щǹˣ뾡취ҪһЩǹ⣬׬Ǯġ
ϣôһ⣬ȻҲͲȱǮ
ҩһ
ӵһҩǡ
̰͵ؼӿ졣
Ұġ
ճͱĸ͵ӣ䲻ȱĳʳ׽ֻһ飬ø桭
º磬ؼǵãԼ꣬ͱҪ֣ϲûԣҪġ
ֹûþͲˣٺе֪ԼǸү֮󣬸Դᶼûй
Լᱻֻÿտ۵ĲУ֡
ˣ˵Ҫߡ
ҲԸ⣬ϾʱѾԶͯΪ⣬״ܶʿȴæذ˳ȥûã˱ӡ
ʱʶһֻ㹻ǿԼˡ
صҵʱֻа꣬ʱĸ׹˲ĸ׸ֲ׽⡣
Ĵ϶ʱ·˵һѧϰԼѧһС
ֻҪ㹻ǿ˾Ͳֻˡ
ûãͳ׵ĽײȥԸ
ʶ˺ܶණ
ΪһЩǿЩһӲ
ڹ⣬˺ܶ飬ԼδҲ뷨Ҫһˡ
뷨ûꡣ
ʮʱͻȻԼϲӣãʼԼ
Ƕʱʹ࣬ܽԼǸ࣬ѧҽҲΪˡ
ʼѧҽ֮󣬼ϲƽԭȵҰҲʼš
۹⻹ڡ
֪һҩζʲô
֮ǰ;Ҳ򵥣ĸо
˵˭ôΪʲô
̰ǳɻţֽŴͷβϸϸؿһ顣
û͸¶Լ˿ϢҲʲôҪֻ˵Ҫǿţȥϣ±һСʾʱȻϵ
ҪӦϣŵȥ˽һ¡ڰ󡷡
Լƺʲôø
̰ԥؾдȥ
дңӦòƭȻųԼҲ˺ƭˣøĪķӵĿܡ
³ߣƽѧͿʼѧڵѧϰˡ
ѧУĵһ춼˷ܣ໥佻Լﾭ顣
첻ʽϿΣҪѧѣַα
ƽѧѧѲ󣬵ҲҪ٣ܶѧһʱǽģֻȽһȻ
κͤЩվɸЩѧѵѧոµĿα
ĿαϰֱȣÿѧģͼֵһˣټĿ֧ѧڿѧҪôһǮ
ЩκͤȱǮκͤЩ鶼Ǹ̰ŪģѲ࣬ǮѧУȱǮ
ôһֻĸ̰ȱǮˡ
̰Ȼʶ죬Ҳȥʸ̰Ĳ״
ѧڣѧУҪһӢĽַ̿ѧԼҲⱾ̿飬ʼѧڵĿΡ
ڱΣˣʦǰбм©ҳˣ
һӢĽ̿飬ӹһⱾмȱ˼ҳ
һȥָŰ칫ʣ
鼮ӡˢװ鲢ټǶһЩģʱĻ𻵵ģ˸硣
ȥûһȻˡ
⣿ʵ
ǡʦҷ£㿴ɣǱͽͯмдֵĸֽ
żڼ䣬ŷһ£дһĴָĹǸ
ԼĲãҵʦϸµ˼
Ȼ£ͰʦģдһǳĹ
ЩȵؿԼϵ¡
ٵʱ䲻֮ĻȻһ񣬵ʵָܸʲôɹ
롭ĸһݷ塣
Ĵָ
ûȫԭķ룬·ĺıҲֺܳ
ú棬Щ˼ʵ̫ұ˽һ¡
㷭ͦá
˵˽һ£̾뵽˸̰
Ȼ̰ͯ˼ԸûŽ롭ķ˺ܶԼ뷨и˵ɫ
Ĵָʲôûʶʲôġ
ˣĵķ绹ǸܿдС˵Եʡ
ģЩϲ
ģҾ¿Կǳʡ
»ܿǣϲ֡
Ȼԡ޸һ飬д֣һЩط̫ͨ˳¹ǸϹϳģЩֲڡ
һú޸ģЩŵʣܿǳ
ܡԿĽ¿ϣǵʱ򣬻˵µԭǰͽ㡣
ľ¿ԿǣҺʺϿڽܿϡ
ʱܶͯʱûʲôоȥȴЩͯʵб˼
ǰͽдͯ
˵ƪĴָƽһĴָС˵գʵϡĴָϲĻȻҵҸ
һΡ
ĴָŪ˸޸Ǯ󣬵ĴָﲻԸûɺ
Լ£ӣҲͨӵõԼҪɡ
ãֹ£ĺӣŮӿͦõġ
˵Կǣ˷ˣ˷һ¶ǲӦáñ֪ҷСŮſĹ£಻˼
ͦϲĹ£˵ĻȴҲûˡ
˵ЩǸСŮģ
ǸСŮĹ£֪ⱾԭĸңĸʲôΪʲôҪдôһ𣿡ʡ
ȫֻ֪ǾºȤѡ
򵥽һ°ͽְԼƪС˵˵ˣڹڣܶŮԶɸĸ˰ǵǾѡܸıЩ˵˼룬Ҳںӵһӡ
ôһ£ʱˣҲԼˡ
£ԭôô
ԣҪú÷룬ˣ㻹ԷһĹ£ƪʵ۵¡ֱƪСѼǱͽָͯкü¡
ͷػȥ޸Ĺȥˡ
ȸˣʢ̾͵ǵĽ¿ϿƷ
˵ͷ
ܷãʢĲš
ĹдͦõģͯġΪʱձ黹ĵԵʣӢƷʱǲȥģʱдһ顣
ȫӢĵˣѽĹĹ֮󣬽֮롱÷ǳõ鷢
дĹȻۣȷʵ
ĺˣҵҪʢԵ
ǵȻϾҲǽ¿ࡣ¿ھʢ༭Ƕࡣ
磬һֱѧУﱸΣԹȴ뿪ˣȥ˴ڱ༭
ҽᣬ˼ǡĸӣҲøˡ
˼ǡͷһָٻȻ󣬾͵õһǸѵĺϢ
ٻĸѣǧԪǵǧԪ
⡣
ڱȫС˵š
С˵ǸտǵģûпС˵ЩֻֽпС˵ıֽһ롣
£ٻ϶취סү
ûпͦȱǮġǮӡ
ѡ˼ǡĸӸٻ֮û죬ҽˡ
ҽ£ˣڣˡ
͸ѧʱһͯʱһֱţ¥ҽᣬ
βѣҽѣдϰյĺù£ҿ

ͯźû̾ͱ˸Χסˡ
ϵĴڱһգǿڴͭԪ
лҪ˵
罫ͽͯҹߵѧũ1914귭һƪʵ۵¡ΪСӰ
ϼĻû˷~


69 
ϰ屾ͺϲҽ, Դ֪¥ⲿС˵͸ϲˡ
ÿ춼״򲻶ؿҽ, Ϊ˷㿴С˵ʼѧ֡ÿС˵ʱ򿴵ʶ, ͻƹ񣬵ƹֵĶ˼ᷴдϼ, ּٰǵ׼õһϣȻעд⡣
ȻˣעдƴԱдʶ֣ͬʱֵ, Ҳעġ
硰ϡԱдͬ񡱡
, ϰȥ͹ݵ·, վɽסһͯһݴڱһ걨
˼ϵĴڱѾˣͯ˳ϰһ걨걨ͭԪ, űҪ𣿡
ڱôûˣϰ帶걨Ǯ
졶ҽǽ֣ڱһӾˣ»УͯҪȥá
¸һݹϰ屨Լĵַ
ͯһֱһߵĵú, ϰҲʶģӦһ
ϰ걨͹, Щ
ҽˣرر뿴֣
Һãܿ͵˴ڱˡҽĽ֡
ҽⲿС˵дѧһ˵ʱеС˵д̫һ
ⲿС˵õ𣬿˵Ĳá
Ľ֣ǻ䡣
˵ŮѾڲܾãֻܳԵ䷹ˡ
죬洫Ȣޡ
ͻȻ뵽Լ׵ʱ
ɷĵڶӡ
ɷһˣɷȢ
޽ʱɷĵһӣڲ
˶˵ɷһʴȣӷҲߣҲôġ
·δڴȻɷˡ
ɷĵһһٳûлС
źɷĴҽʼԸָҩ
ԼźɷǳãȻҩԵԽԽԵüԽԽȴоˡ
Ҳʱ˵иӺġɡȥӣǳµһϣɡɡ
ʧ˺ӡ
ɷŷǳˣԺõĺȺõģǿӵôУŵĲǺӣһŽ𵰡
ڣˡ
ȥӡ
Ը⣬ǾҪȢˡ
ɷĵһһ
飬ػأظģڻβͣ˳˶ϡ
Ůùÿ񷿵Ĵܳȥ
ںڵģȱ˵졣
һѻ𣬰Ѳ񷿸ȼˣԽԽ󡭡
ھԼˣůˣӵ𣬺Լĺһ
βǸ磬ⲿС˵ͷβǸ׵ı硣
еԹ޺ͳªȫһѻյˡ
ŮѾˣɷʵûȢޣҲѾȢˡ
ϰ忴꣬鸴ӡ
֣ȫϡ
ϸ룬ȴĥܶζ
֪дʵˣһû뷨͵Ҫӣ
ϰ벻ʲôֻǽβֿһ顣𵩴ѧ֣άºͬѧǣȴ۵Ȼ죡
β˷ζ
֮ǰΪŮӵɷ򣬵ڻعͷȥȴǸͷβı硣
ⲿ˭Ǳ磿
˶в岡ˣĲˡ
ŵ溦ˣ

֣άû˵ʵҲ˺ܶ໰
һȥʱ򣬿ЩʲôܣڿⲿС˵Ҳʲôܡ
ⲿС˵дúܺãϸϸƷζƷͬζ
ŮƵģʵǲ񷿵ĴǷ⽨̡
һѻҲĻŮĹ
ഫķ⽨̣ᱻ˴ջ١

𵩴ѧѧԽԽࡣ
дʱ򣬶ûôࡣ
Ůѧ
Ҳڿҽ
׷꡶ѧ֮һֱڿҽδ¹
£÷ǳܣǱһβȴĪؾʹ졣
ϧǣŮҲˡ
¥˲ͬ
ÿڱϲ¥£ȴҲῴ˵ġ˿޵ĴС˵ͲŮ˵ˣֻƷһ㣬¥ܿŮӵء
ǵҵ塷ɱӣӵ£Ȼܵͣʵܣ¥ģȴõ¡
¥ȻǸϧˡ

Լͬѧô˵ΪȻ
ƽѧ
һ˴ڱѧУ￴֮˵ķꡣ
ǰӲı˵ж࣬鿴ˣͻȻʶǰԼеǳ֪
䣬ܶ˶ЩŮΪࡣ
ͻȻ뵽Լĸף뵽Լ׵λ̫̫
̫̫Ǹ׵ԭ䣬׸˵˼䣬մڼĸ׵鷳̫̫鷳
ĸףǰһȺ׵ϲ˸òŮӣĸҲֻܿվˡ
ЩòŮأľԸ׵̫̫
һʱ飬ɴͷϵİͽͯ⼸죬ڷ롶СŮ
ѧУѧûôࡣ
Ůݣ
ǱƵˡ
µ˼Ůӵɷɣû뵽

һ絽ѧУʱ򣬾ע⵽ܶѧڿڱۡҽ
˰칫ҡ
㻹ݣȻһѻ𣬾ͰȫˣʢԵ
Ҳ׷׵ôһ֣ǳϡ
Ҳͦá˸ɾ
вŮˣҲвˣһζŮˣʵӦá
Ķҡײƭ̫ˡ

Щ˶šҽʦǺ飬ҪЩѧˡ
Ҳôá
ʵϣ
ŮʧӲϵɷţʵڴ治
¥飬Ӧȫ
ŮӲÿ飡
ƣ

ȻˣʿĺܣʿȴΪƳ硣
¥飬ĶӦúúöǧҪһ
¥ģԽԽζдҲӱҶÿúѧϰ
棬һҪһ

˵ۣ֪Ĳ
ڸһ¡õһʾ޶ѣұ֮ǰκһʸѶҪľ޴
ҽѾڴڱʽ꣬Գˣҵӡݲƴ֣ӡʹӡᣡ
ˣѧټӡᡣ
һõһǧٸԪĸѣһҪ棬дõǱӢĶġ
ⲿۼۣ³Ҳ붨Ϊǵģ̫󣬽³һǣⱾǹ飬ϣܶЩˣۼõһЩ
ӡˢӢ鼮ɱͱӡˢͨĹĸߣ˵֮࣬ҪǮģÿֻһëҵӡ׬ʲôǮ³
ҿԽͰ˰ⲿ飬Ұ˰ֻðٷ֮塣
ѧ͡ҽ㱻ĥܶ˼ҲС˵ѣùûʲô
̿һ࣬ü۸һ㣬˶򵽡
ǮƵģ³̾
ֲ¹Ц
³ؿһۣУͰ˵ⲿ鶨һǣİ˰ٷ֮塣
лܱࡣЦ
лôҵӡ˵ҲǺ£ܵø
³ӦҪ֮ϵׯƱ˼ҡ
ãӵԾճˣʲôķӡһҪУĻٶ䡪ܲ²һֱ˯
⣬·ҪѧУ²ȥ顣
ţ֪Ѿص˼УȻͽׯƱ˳
񿴵ׯƱһκۿ˭óΪܣΪˡ
²񡭡磬̫ˣ
ûбˣ
磬ҪҪԷҪҪϴ裿

æѧϰûչ²رڣĵػе㲻˼ˡ
³ѾǴˡ
ټãһӾߺܶࡣ
ӢЩηȻ˵˺ܶ̿𣬽յøů͡
ʹڷǳů͵ĸҵĴһᡣ
ũʮ·ݣѾˣʱ򣬸ᶼҪѿˣԸᣬǼΪ׵ġ
ӢǮȻϱõĸᡣ
ʱ򣬻ӢڰԱߣһ߿иᣬһ߿̯ϵĴڱ
Ѿѡѧˣǰ죬հѡҽˣھʣտǵĴû
֣ӢŲˡ
Ǹϧģ
뵽ϲŮˣͲˡ
ţˡ
Ǳӵġ
ӣȣȫ֮ͬʶʲôǵЦݽʧ
ܿʶԵ״̬ȻŻӢЩӲ¶һЦ硣
ÿ춼ôզզģӢЦЦؿŸ
ûڡ
ӣԺȥǻҶӢŸҪϺ죬пաɣϿʼҶ䣬罻ҲҪúѧһѧ
ı齩ӲˣӢЦøˣô˵ˡ

ڶһ컹ûͱ˴ӱǾܾġ
棬ȭֶʱǾñ
ƵǣӢ˵Ҫ䣬ʵϡӢûֻ˸ߵ
Ļ󽭣
︹
ˣӢ󽭡
˧ǸũȻܸߴϵ֡
ĳԭ󺣣ĳ˻ӹĴԭ󽭣Ӣ
ԼʢƽҲǺĵģԭϻ
Ӣ֪ʲôı飬ȴҲܲµһЩ
磬ʲô̰ЩؿԼǸվڶ¥ߵֳ
˲ôϲҲᣬʹ磬ӵģϲ鷳
ʲôڣڶӢЦ˧ɲúúö


70 δ
̰Լĸô˵, ЩΣҲûŻӢ
һӢѸôλ̫, ڶڸǵĸ׶ء
ĸ׳ĸײͬ, ǸҵС㣬ʶ֣ӹȥ, Ÿĸס
ֵܼӵߵʱ¸
ʱĸճҲ磬׷ˣ˸լӣøĸȥס
鵽, ˽ˣĸײ, ʹųӴӻСŮ, Ҫϼȥ
ĸ׸ûСӲ׽Ӳǰգû
Ȼһиճǣͱˡ
Ȼ, Ǿͳˡ
ع磬ʱ򣬾λ̫ԼĶӵ˧
Ȼ, ˵鷳Ѿװˡ
Լ, ͦģ̰֣Ǹûʲôϵĸо
Ǹϣ±Ҫ˰ɣӢ¥µĸջߡ
ǵġ̰
˵ǸңŪôҩӢԼ°͡
Ҳ֪̰
̰ҵ֮󣬾͸Ӣ֮ͨǻҡ
ǣȫϺôͲʾҲֹһǸͲ鲻ŵ˭֪Ǻηʥ
ҽĵڶ죬ϣ±ӡ
ϣ±һڵǳڰ֮󣬱кܶҵ磬˽һĿֱӶҪͿʱţƤֽá
ϾһֵղصĿ
𵩴ѧĳĽڣ֮һ
ϸѼпڰ֮󣬴Գȥ򣬲ϣ¿Ѿȫ꣬˺ö죬֡
ʱ̻Ǯݿ
𵩴ѧ˿ģٱȽ϶̣ѾѧˣҲæ
Ȼÿ𣬲𴲺󿴽ıֽ
ɳ£Ӷ˾͸˿ȣ걨ʹڱ
ӹֽ˳ʵϣ±𣿡˵ţѴڱŵԱߡ
¥ġҽѾ꣬ҪſʼǣĴڱȫ뿴ġ
ѾˡӶ˵æϣ¿˹
λһİþǶ飬ĲǰģǰǽġϼҵĲ鲻㣬Ϻլǽ顣
Ҫ˶ãӦûеǽ֡
˵ģ˵˼ҵĿǽϣҵʱֵ󻭣ҿǽȴɵܣǽ顣
Լϲ飬ڷߵ˿飬Ů˵ӶˣҲֿ顣
ҪλӶҲܴÿһѿ׼ȷҳϣ±
һϣ±˲øӶ˵ӹ
һϣ±Ϳˡڰ󡷡
ڰϸڣﱻ渵
ǸõˣῴӶˣԾԺɨصĴ̬ȺܺãȻԺǸӢǳ˧ҽλ衱
ȲѣλҽȻǸǳТˣȻôԼĸֻ
ͼοɨصĴؿȻëɨɵĺܣÿܻ٣ôõĹɲңҼҲʲôǮˣɵôˣһλϺ׷ɨأ
ףȥԼĲѣϺ׷ʲô˼
ĲѸǴӵкܶܶǮ
ڰǮ˾ȻɨصĻ
ǲ⣬Ǹˡ
ҴȻ˼ɣɾŮҪĻӣǡԺԺȻǸŮӡ
ҽԺĻʿһĳЩӵĳ࡭ĲѸ׷ǡ
ЩС£м䣬ȴ͸¶ƽȺ
һͷȣ۾ɬ
ͺܶ׷ģɲƽȺɣ
Щʿ۵ģôͺȥõѧУôúѧϵʱˮ¡
ϣôһ졣
ҵ˳ĲҪôԼĶӣҪͺѧٻǸͺѧΧ塣
ٵҲϿεһڣٵˡ
Ͷûԣ֮ͼҴҵѧУϣӲŽҡ
һʷڣǹԼʷоҵʷ
һ㲻Σʲôɽ˽ңһ˫˫Լ۾ͻȻ벻Լýʲô
ڽ̨һŷԼϣ±
ڿΣҸǶһƪ°ɡһھһУսΪʷδΣľǣǺӶʲôϣһ죬ƪдس֡
һϷˣµʱ򣬴ſ
һ̣ûһ㡣
ÿ˶ú档
ͻȻԼȻھԺִĶ߿ˣ϶ЦһЩѧȴ˳˼
Ǵ඼ҽһϿ֮ǰǾۡҽ
ҽϰգƴҪȥвûΣڰϰأ
ҵһԼֻܱסھԺģĵضԲ·
ҽٿ˵ĸо
ƪ¶ҵ˷βã˰һӾͱκá
ЩѧǱסˡ
ڰд磬ʵ̫ˣ
һڶڰ󡷵ʱκͤҲڶ
ڽʦ칫¸ûȥϿεʦ
Ŷţеˡ
ڶꡭ
ϣ¿һֵġڰ󡷣κͤô࣬Щˣ쿴дġҽĽ֣ܲܣٿƪ£͸ˣܵͬʱȴ־óǵδԭôá
ʢҲǵĹȷʵںܶ⣬Ŭˣһ֮ı䡣ǰ̫ɢˣǳܣԺҶȻˣ
ϣҵĺˣܹĺӡʦҲ
ҪŬСЦϲд£ֵø˵顣
ôţκͤУҿƪ𣿡
κͤ󷽵ذϵϣ±㿴ɣȥüݹһ𿴡
κͤ˵ţͳȥȥˣǿϵĿ
дģٿҲ˱ĸо
ƪ¿󣬾ע⵽Ľһ򣬶дٵᵽİš
дİʵǸʾʾĴ⣬ҽеĸѾ֯޼ҿɹĺӡ


71 ʵ豸
ʾ, һɡ
ǷţѾˡȻ, ҲܿĲǻٶǱ, ûйϵ
ùصԭǴ㹫ģʵ˭ԡ
ǳ, õϽ֮ˣҲü
Ǿ˵ĶǺ˵Ķõܲˡ
ʾκͤżϣ±, ϣ±ָ칫ʦҾȫ, ǸˡҲ, ļҾӦò뻹ԲŶԳˮͰʲôô˽⡣
УôõͰʢ, ȻҾõһֱͨͰ
СκͤϺϵ˻ࡣ
ҪóˮͰҪ׵ˮܵʲô, ھǮҲһϡ
, ڵǮˣҲҪ
͸һԼˢʮͰԱˮͰװˮͰ򵥱ˡ
ҲôáͷֵϣҲϡ
һԣκͤ
κͤԡڰƪ·ǳϲϴѧУĹʦѧΣȻҪ󣺡ڶ֮ǰҪΪʲô飡Ӧö࿴£֪δĵ·Ҫôߡ
ʦǵȻû
һκͤƪ¶˲ֹһ
֮ǰڰ󡷵һοǣϣ±˺ţΡϣ±Ѿһӡݣһˡ
򵽵ˣúֵ
¿ֵġڰ󡷣ȫ˿
ϣ±ʵ
ʱ־ǿС˵־ǰһ£Ѿݶˣ£ϣ±ôİڰ󡷣ʵס
Ҫ֪ʱ򲻹ֽŵӡˢȲִӡҲͱȽϴ¿񣬵֣Ѿռʮ֮ˡ
ƽѧѧϣ±ڰ£ȴˡ
κУá
ǰҰ軹ѧУáҾѧУٺòˣ
ͬѧûпƽѧȥ˱ѧѧУ˵Ӣˣѧǲ̵ġ
Ҿôȥһܿϴѧ
˵κУҪѧǵʱȥ

ѧǶܸмκͤм󣬱ڰ
Ҳȥ󿴿ͺˣ
ҵǲȥֻðôá
һҪŬ

ҲЩѧм䡣
Χ˵ĻҲ𼤰
ԭΪϱӢߵ˶ŶõԵʣǴѧУﲹߣú˯һģڡ
˯ˣ
ҪúΣ
ԼжˣͬʱҲеգȻ˽ϣ±ӣûǰȥҲ֪ܲ򵽡
׻ûϣ±ֻʧȥ
粻˵ŶһΣŵʱ۵úܣԴġ
һţ˵״̬ͱˣ
ڼ￴˻Ӣ
ӢⲻúܴӦúæŶԣΪʲô̰ûѾڼˣ
Ƽˡ
ƵǣӢǰ̯һ־Ǳ־ͦģþϣ±
ŻӢԼӢһֱûڣ״ʹƹӢ͵͵ȥ
ǡ磬֪ҪкģӢЦſ򸵻
ᡣ
ãҽ컹³ţͲˡߣӢ
̾ˡ
Ӣϵϣ±ȥμᡣ
ѾûиϺʱôæˣÿ϶Ӧꡣ
μӵ֯ߣһλպĹԱӡ
ȻƷˣЩȻţϾִĺӣСܵõĽͨ˱ȵϵġ
λүүǴ٣ĸʱʹŷޣֵܽȥѧѧȻûˣһԺա
ӢսȥͷּĵĿ䵽Լϡ
Цһ
ôһЩ˿棬үǹ£Ȼǡ
ӢôţǼĿѾ˻ȥ˶飬û˿
ͦĵģڸЩίߣڼ͵ܵһԷٲȥҲá
Ӣ÷ǳĵʱţ߳˼š
һʾֵͲͶԼš
ûнԼʾֵʱ򣬾ѾǵĹҿʾˣʮǰԼʾ֮˵ʾҲȻš
ˣϺԼʾ֣зա¡ȹʾ֡
Ȼˣٹ꣬ǿı˳Ϊʡʾ֣ͻΪڰǿҿ½ص
Ͷ䣬Ȼȥ˵ԵģŻ˼ҡ
ϳɣҪʳ
ؼҵʱ²ڿϣ±
һڵϣ±һݻؼңҲһڰƪ£ϲ²Ҳϲ֡
ؼҵĳʳ֥
֥ģһô˶ɳƤ֥飬㡣
磬㲻ǲô²񲻽ʵ
ҲֻûġԵġ
лл磡²ЦһѵӰѴгƬһƬ
ӹţȻʣڰⲿС˵Ѿ˰ɣоô
ܺÿûидĺá²
Ҳͷ

ζɳ±ĴԵǲúңҺдıдҪá
УдĶǲű߼ʵĶûдʵڡ
㲻ϲ£ʡ
ҲûСڰ£ʵͦϲġ
дĺܺãȡѧ͡ҽҪáϣǶ࿴Ů˶ôġѾ¼뿪ˣӦӵµ
ˡ
ŮӣһҲ
һˡڰ󡷣ȻĽŮӵв١
ⱾдİһУ̫ˡ
ڣĺ߳Ժȥ濴ҲܿĶ
ϧǣҪһ£ܿݡ
һתۣµһˡ
ҽոᣬڰ󡷾ͽŷϺ죬ڱϻ`¥
¥ʲôڱһֱҴţ˶ߵθڣԽڴԽࡣ
ҽѧָտˡڰ󡷵ˣζˣ͵¥
𵩴ѧ
֣άһ磬Ŵڱ˽ңԼλ£ȻȲؿ
ֻһۣͿ֡
˼ǣ£Ǹҽһܡ֣άЩʧ䣬Ȼϸ
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¶жһʼʵиҸļңϧˣĸûˣͿʼҪΪ
µĿͷһ·ϺĳС
£Ǹڴҹĺ֮дģдʱǸӡ
д˶ͯѵƫϣԼµĶܹÿúá
ˣһرʵ˶ͯЩ˵ĺӶһڼҳһȤ
Ǵ쿪ʼдģС˵ĿƪȵĺܣյϺĶɹܣժһñӴԼͷϣ²عϺ
ƪд÷ǳ죬뷨ڲͬ
ܶòȥұӵĶѰʳƺԼΪΪұ
סŶӶҧһ㲻ӵһŶӣǵȳԱˣĽǣ
ֽϣֻǧ̶֣ǧ֣Ѿչһֹۿʵ˶ͯ
Կѵû˿Թǡǡһӣۡ
ٶȤ¶Ҳڸ⺢һֱڰ
֣ά¿һ飬ֿ˵ڶ顣
쿴ˡڰ󡷣ʱ¥ãȲϡڰ󡷣ڡ־дС˵á֣άµһͬѧ
ҵãҿǡڰ󡷸ʤһҵķôʷǳر𣬿ɲĸ˾дġȻ¥ȻȲģ˱ȣѾǳˡ
ƪ˼ǡҵĸоѧе񡣡
Ҳãѧҷ·˽ҽȴֻǱ˺Ĳпʵ⡶˼ǡҿʼ

Щ˵ۣ֪Ҫ֪һЩˣΪе⡣
ѧһͦǿС˵ҽǣƪ˼ǡĴУȡѧҪǿһ㡣
£ȫǴӶĽǶȥġ
Ѿдƪˣӵкܶ˿ĵ׸տʼǣͷûʲô㣬˴Ȼˣû̫ࡣ
ǡҽ͡ڰ󡷣۵ԽԽˡ
ıֽϣĳλ֪ʿдƪĵĶУλԼдҽ͡ڰ󡷶ݺݵؿһٴҶȥ
ʵͦյģӴ˾ֻôɾ˺ܶ佱Ҳڱֽ־Ͽ˺ܶࡣ
ִʱС˵дĺܲ˲ٽҲкܶ˸ۣϲȴǴûй顣
˶񣬾Լİ칫ǰд˼ǡ
ȻϲһҪдһ㣬ø˵ĿԿ
ܸı磬ıһЩϵҲǺõġ
һдһֱд硣
緹ʱ䵽ˣСѾԼ룬һѷȥ
״ҲŴĲȥ
ĲĽѼҪȣҲûǰŵСѾ
ѧУʳǱߣܶѧʢʢǷ׷״кʦã
ǺáЦЦ߽ʳá
ʳӣѧУʦȫߡ
ֻʦѧУԷʦȥ򷹳ԵģκͤˣһԣٺʢҲʼһԡģеʦͶѧУԷˡ
ÿ˶ͬĲѧУһԣҲܳԵ÷ǳʢ
죬ʦˣ˽ѼʢԴͶ⻹бʦ˳ʲôġһӲ˿žθڴ󿪡
ЩСѾһ뼦̲˰ֻն
κͤ˻ʳѣǮ֮һֱŬκͤԺõ㡣
Էʱ򣬹ҽԺ̰ҲڳԷ
ҽԺҽṩѵķˣЩ˻ͦʢģвֲͬѡ
̰ҽһ˳ԵĶв͡
ҽҽͬʱҲǴʿ͸̸̰
̰ЦŸ˵ûȥ
ճʱΪڽɻһĴڵģϾʱ̫ˣҪϵο塣
ǣһǲġ
̰ܿͽԼǰʳԹˣЦŸҽǡ
ҽôæ֪ҪϢ
ϣܶһ£һЩˡ
ðɡʵһҽȥæɣ
̰صԼİ칫ң
һҪи˵ĵʯͷҪѵ
Ųˡ
٣Ҽһ͵һŷڸ̰ǰ
ˣǸ̰֪˽ģ£ӢȫȨ˸̰
ҵţҲһʱ䱻͵˸̰ϡ
̰ŷ⣬ſ
һϻûУֻдһҩ
̰ԭʵǲôҵĻġĿ֪ôһҩػؿ˼顭
ûȥʵ飬дĶҲѾɡ
д̫ϸˣ
оǣдһЩʵģЩʵģûʵҵˣ϶ǲ֪ġ
豸ƵʵңڹͲڣ
ң²󣬻ڹ֪ѧӵһܺõĵʦ
̰ԺһЩ֣ͼЩָҶϣ־ö
עܿͻصԼǰϡ
дģһоɹͲ֪ԼоģǴӹʵȡġ
Ȼܵôģúо
̰ۺ÷ڻ˺һƽȻóһֽʼд
дһַſдˣվֵҽһҪš
ǣ١Ӧһȥˡ
̰ȴҵԼͬ£Լ
̰ƽǰˣڹҽԺԵǳãͬһڴӦ
̰ϸͬ½˲˵Ȼ뿪ҽԺȥһӢˡ
ҽǳãƾҽȦܻӭЩ˶Ըá
ҵӢˣ֮һ
ѵã㾹Ȼ뿪ҽԺˣϳӵӢ˵̰һӵ
̰㿪ˣǸΣҲϰߡ̸һ⡣
ʲô⣿ηԼſ֡
иҪһʵ豸֪һס̰
һ豸𵩴ѧǱѾҪˣǼǮû̸סЦſ̰
ҪǮ̰ʡ
󡣡εҵѣҲÿĸ߼۵ģ֪ģʵ豸ҪҷǳѣЩͲĶˡ
û⡣ֱ̰ӵ
֪۸øˡ
ϵʵ豸µģʵ̭ģȫڹĻһǧûҪ
ڼҪԼȥŪĻһŪ˵ŪҲҪ²ܵ
ˬ죡̾͵ɽ
̰һ
ʱʣҪʵңʲôҪ𣿡
ȻС̰õʵ豸Ҫġ
лҪ˵
֮ġ־1932111ȫ֪鷢ͨԼ400ݣйΡиǡеδй
ϴѧܹȳ˵δйҪ֮ǣлڳˮͰϴ㡣
ȥ˵ʱδͦ˼ģȤ׿԰ٶһ~


72 ë
ĳ, һŵǸٵùصһ, ŵȴǡڰ󡷺ĸӡ
żĳ, ʱͲȥעˣǳﱸ¿
¿ķƺˣдġ¿ĸֵĴ, κͤһͯȤˮī
κͤˣ黭ͨģ̫ˡ
¿ݡ¿Ĵõŵĸӣʢ׼ˡ
˵ЩȻѾ, ôͿӡˢˣʵϡ¿ڶʱ, û취
Ҳԭġڽ¿ʹñ㡣
Ȼĳÿո, ʱܾòϰߣٻӰĶˣϣڽ¿㡣
뷨, õκͤʢԵ֧֣ûеõַַ֧֡Ǳߣûб㡣
Ϊˣʢֻȥַ, ϣһЩ
ϵĺܶ飬ǿǮ, ҲһǸٸַ֮Ǳ߾ͰǵҪƳһЩӡжššʺšðź͸̾ŵǦ
˫šźţЩûơ
ЩõıȽ٣ʡˡ
ǦֺŰ涼Ҫʱ䣬һ¿Ҫȹ²С
ݿҪĸӣӡˢ֮飬ʢȥܵġ
ʢͲ󣬲ʮͷԭΪ˴ЩۣȥܶˣǶ˼ء
Ȼˣżǻ¶ԼѵʵκͤǸСķսȭͷɷȻǵĿﻹûҶģһܶܶ࣡
κͤƽѧԭиİ칫ҵģסͰԼİ칫ҸĳңԼİ칫ᵽʦǺõĴ칫ҡ
ڣСֻһŴһ·ӣһˮëľԼһӡ
κͤ飬ֱӶڴġ
ҲôáڷһڿԵ
ʱ̫ܿˣֻҪãͲ
Ȼóȥʽ֮ǰȥ걨űЩֽ棬ϣ±ڱҲȥܣôһǵĽ¿϶κͤ
¿ݿ˺ģʢ˳ȫʽ𣬸ռĳɣκͤûгǮռɡ
ʢôֻκͤ˺ȴʵκͤڰǡǵĿﻹûгκͤȥһȦ֮󣬾Ȼͽӵඩ
ϺüСѧУѧƼݻûĿѧǶġ
ԸģеѧˣˣҲյǧݶԼǧԪ¿ÿһǣһʮڵĻһ
ǮԭͦĽ±༭һӾͲˡ
Ҫ棬Ǯ¾ʣ˶ˡ
ڱĹ治ûǮȥ򣬵ʱԼС˵һǵĽ¿ˡ
С˵ǵĽ¿ôܣκͤ
뷨ողеģδϸˣǺܿһڣڡ˼ǡһξ顣һĺڶ¿ʹչȥ͵͵Ǹӷֶ󣬲붹һ𿴣¿ϵݡ
ȻأʢԵ
Ȼ󡭡ǸӸĸ˶ĸڿԼĺӸһСؤһʱǶôȻԼܰҲǶˡ
ʢԣ
κͤҲ̾Ǹĺӡ
Ҳôá
κͤסһЩ¿йص֮ʢԾ뿪ˡ
ûߣҪκͤУȥ顭⸽кʵѧУ𣿡
ԭӣȻٸ²ѧУġ
ʹ֮󡭡ͷԼˡ
ķ۷ǳߣ
˵ϰӵзӺ͵̣簲Ұ硣
ʱڱ˰ٸĺԺˣϺ˰ٸֻСԺӣ桭õķӣǧٵġ
⣬Ϊڡ
кڣķۻһЩ̳ϺպϺӣֻⷿסģֻͤӼⷿ
ϵԪǧ¿Ǳ߻ҪͶǮʱûǮ򷿣;ȸ²ҸѧУ
²ǺܽˣҲܣƽʱʱ䶼ڼżȥҲȥˣټͷھӽʡס˼£Ǿûʶʲôˡ
ãСûмѣˣȥǸܺõѡ
öôѧУκͤʡ
Ѿ˽ʱŮӶˡ
ʱĹСѧУǲŮѧģЩѧǲŮ
һֱҪ󣬽ʮѧѧУŻŮӱ
ȻˣŮСѧŮѧеģЩѧУǴʿģʮǰдʿ˹ڵĵһŮӴѧ
ȥ꣬ںպĽŮӴѧʽʼѧ
ŮҪ飬Ǳ˺ܶܶࡣ
κŮһѧѧУ𣿡ʵ
κͤȵؿһۣû뵽㾹ȻԸȥѧУ
ҾðԱ費ͬĽǲԵġ
ҲôáκͤһֱҵŮӵϺ飬ҵĸĸԸ⣬ԼҲԸ⣬Һų⡭
κͤ̾˿ֵҪѧУ֪һ
ʲôѧУʡ
ѧУгѧУһѧУѧУŮӶģŮеİ༶κͤȤҿԴȥ
ллУ
лϣܶһЩŮȥģҲڴµʱŮӰĳԣϧŮѧһ඼вκͤ
κ㴴ģЩȡ
ǵģֻЭѧУ뿪ˡκͤ
ͻȻԼģе㲻
ѧУٷŵıƽѧãʮſѧκͤյ˻ٵǮֱȽæǸɴԼʮȥѧУ
죬øһ
һЩ˵ȴ̫һˡ
磬Ǽ˶ͯģв١
ëһ˶ͯ
Ѿ˺üˣܾԼʱҪǻҪʵһ˰ˣ
ϾֻҪˣͲðܶˡ
Ļô죿
ֻܻš
۳ԽԽůë˺ܶࡪ֮ͲܶˣֻҪС
죬ëһһҷĺŴš
ĻƻѲҪˮˮںŵˮͰҵԵġ
ϧãˮͰһؤռˡ
Ǵ򲻹ؤģֻһͷ뿪ӡ
ȥǽߣȥҳԵģһŮѧȻסιСӡ
ȩ̈ͷǸŮѧӿƲסض˶˽סǣܹûк¡
˾ϲǴһ١
иͬ飬ǱһƵ˸ġ
ëеܣֲܡԽԽ
ǸŮѧûдóһӵݸ㡣
ëͲȥӡ
ô࣬ôô׵İӣ
ǣô㡭ֻ۾ضŰӣҲƲʼͣʿˮ
԰ɡŮѧֵ
ŮѧʵϷˣԼëҲˡɿӣȻһҧȥ
Ⱥģҧ⣡Ǹӣ
ë۾ɴˣˮͰҵһ˿ûԹôӡ
ҧһڣ۾ͻȻˡ
ʳʱûޣ춳ʱûޣڣˡ
ëڵϹ£Ůѧһͷܡ
Ҫóӵζ


73 ˼ǡ
ŰëԶ, ⸴ӡ
Щ꣬Ϻ, ֹһμڽֱ˵ĺͯ, ǸʱδЩͯ
ϰˡ
¥顣
Ķÿ춼ŬѰʳԼĶ, ôȴôʣŶֹ۵ԸͻȻԼΪһЩС²ıԹʵڽĺܡ
, Ǻͬѧһģм, ӳԡ
ӵĸͷҪ, óԣһͳԲˣƼиݹ²ĺվԱߣͻȻ𶹶, ͰӸ
ӳ£һͷ
ֻǸһҪİӶѡ
һͬѧɵؽһ
ع񣬿Լͬѧɺɺ, ¥дġ˼ǡˡ
֪ǸӣҲˡǸɺɺͬѧҸղе㷴ӦҸȥ򼸸Ӹ, һﹻԣ
ѾˣԺ˵ɡĪص䡣
ͬѧ˵ͷͻȻ˵ҪҪѧУＯһЩȻ跨Щ޼ҿɹĺӣ
һ㶣漴⣡
ԼͬѧԽ˵Խ𾢣Ǻܿ۳һ³
ЩܶŮӣǼԿǮģļͥǴСѧ˺ܶණＯ˶ͯ£˵һ㲻ѣе鷳
ǲ鷳
һڿˡ˼ǡ֮󣬶˶ͯͬв١
ϰʵԣ˼ǡⱾ飬ȻҲˡ
飬Ϊֹдϲġ
˵Ҳ֣ⶹÿ飬Ҳʳӣûʲô¶֪ΪΣǿú𾢺ϲ
ͬЩ˵ĺ
͹ܺãʱп˰ʳʣ£ǰЩǸԱԵģԲӵ⼸죬˳ʣʳռȫȥ總һǸסźü޼ҿɹĺӡ
˶ͯģ֣ά¡
˼ǡ֣֮ά¾ʹԼͬѧռһЩҲҪľ·ȥָ˺
ܶ˶ʼһЩܼģ԰˵飬ƽѧѧƼЩ˵ĺӣҲһЩʳ
ǣëڳǸŮѧİ֮󣬾Ȼÿ춼ܵõһԵġ
õغһ
ʱúܿ죬һתۣ͵ʮ塣
ƽѧǷżٵģѧǻؼҹԪڣһȥѧУκͤ˵ˣҪȥѧУ
ѧУƽѧԶҲûнгһ·߹ȥġ
·ߵ֦ѾѿļʼҶҶ
ܶ˼ҵſڣʱĶͨͨģֹ˴ĵ
ϣֳƻᣬ㵽ʱԴúĸȥκͤӦû
áʣУѧУôģ
κͤ𣬾˵һЩѧУ顣
ѧУֳɳСѧͳѧ֣СѧֳɳС͸СѧҲֳɳк͸С
ѧУƽѧȣҪһЩյѧѣƽѧ
ȻˣյѧʵҲ󣬲ǳСÿѧԪСÿѧʮԪÿѧڶʮԪѡ
Ǯƽѧ鱾ѺͷǮڳѧУ鶼ҪԼ򣬳ԷҲҪ⻨Ǯ
ҲˣѧУĽѧҲ͸ƽѧࡣ
ǶСѧҪ߶Сѧҵƽѧκͤ
ƽѧҲŮѧЩȡ
κͤȻգǰδŮ
²ԺƽѧͦģȻˣڴ֮ǰҪȶСѧСѧ꼶
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ԺҪǻôŬ
ûãѧУ͵ˡ
ѧУѧѧУעύѧѵӣѧУֵͦģͲĺӶǺ͸ĸһģʹЩģԼġ
κͤϤĺܣȥ͹ѧУһ߹䣬һ߻ܽѧ¥칫¥ʲôġ
ú棬ͬʱҲһֱעЩѧҪҳŮѧ
ҵ˼
Ůѧ٣ÿ꼶ֻһ࣬ÿֻжʮˣٵֻоŸˡŮѧѧѣҲҪһ㡣κͤ
⵹ûʲôҾѧУͦõġµѧٹҲ󲻵ȥ϶ȶŮѧУҪ˺ܶࡣ
ȻϲѧУΪѧУѧѱˣΪѧУѧļҾź²ࡣ
²Ҫȥ̻ŮѧУѧϰȸϣһȺСм䣬뻹ᱻȵԱѧУĻͲõˡ
ѧУѧŴ磬ҾӦöҲ࣬²ԽһЩѣҲܼʶʶ硣
ˣκͤʡ
˵ͷҺϲѧУӦҲϲ²˵ܶ飬͸˻ˣѧУԸȥѧУõѧУˡ
κͤˣҴȥУк
ҪȥУͻȻ˽г֣
̧ۿȥͿˡ
һ²͵ǮҦ̫̫һҦ̫̫ıҦꡣ
ҦͲСˣô꣬ԼģȴǺҦ̫̫һġ
˭κͤ
ǰķش
ĻκͤȥǰкͼҦ־ŭô
Ҧ⼸¹ʵ̫á
ǰҪǮֻҪɣ϶ҪģҦ̫̫ҪǮʱҪ
飬Ҧ̫̫ϰǮҪ
һУһֱ˷ҪλõԽܡ
֪ΪʲôģҦִ̫̫ʱҦ̫̫˵ˡ
û뵽ǸܸԼһ糵ˣȻԼҵ⻧û뵽ᷢ顭
֪ҸɸҪǮԼˣ
֪ҲǮȻֵôû뵽Ǹ⻧ȻܲԼ
޹ء
֮ǰҦ̫̫ڶ뿪Ҧôˣûоˡ
οкܶҪûոҦ
߰ɡֶκͤ
κͤѾʶǰϵˣµ˵ͷƫҦһҧסǣ㲻͹ݵķԱΪʲôȥ²ܽģ
Ҧ꿴Щףϸţơ
ĥţӦԼҵ¶
û㡣


74 
⺢Ӻ˵ʲôôͲܽˣκͤѵҦ꣺ҿɲǵó»ôء
ҦͻȻѵ, ŭ⣺±Ͳĸ˶ܽģÿЩȥ
˵󣬻еˡ
ҦҰߵʱ, ˵ԼҵǮ, ϵ˸ףҦԼ֮󣬾֪ƭˡ
͹, ֻ֪͹ݵķԱѣʱһóʮԪ
û棬öʮԪܶ࣬治ʲôͬѧϺƵǳԾ, һϯҪʮԪ
óôǮΪӸ˶˲˻ƹ񡪡ǴȥԺ, Ǯġ
ҪǮб, ôܲȥ飬͹ݸɻ
ĸүԸֻ
ںһȺ˰ᶫȺ˺ǼҹԸ죬Ǯġ
ͷкܶ©, ƫ̱ƭˣѱ˵Ѻˡ
ôţҦҲûһʼôˡͬѧܲ͹ݵķԱĻĻ
ʱ, Ҧ̫̫ҲŤСŹˡ
ҦƼЩµ, ĸ׳̣Һ˵
Ҫ֪һֱͬѧ˵￪Ž԰ꡣ
Ҧ̫̫ûôˣԴ֪֮ǰƭˣҦ̫̫һֱڻÿ˸Ѻ
Ѻ𱾾Ͳ
ǰ˵ӵĻޱᡣ
СʲôǲǻǮС˵Ѿ͸ˣҦ̫̫һͺüĿģѴƭȥǮ

κ̫ͤԡǮ䲻ӻҲǺܴ󷽵ģдĵǲ٣ôܻȥƭС̫̫Ǯ
ҦѧУѧܶ˶ʶߵ飬פ㡣
ѧؿκͤ˽
κУʱһųʦģ˹ˣϲؿκͤκУôǰ˵һ
ӢѧУﵱʦκͤϳˡ
ǰκУҸոյʦЦֲؿΧˣôˣ
ʦûʲôϴˡҦæ
ûϴˡҦ̫̫ҪǮҦһ£һ飬û˵ڵĻʻ˶
λǣʦʱҲע⵽
ƽѧӢʦһ˲ٹ뵽ġκͤһֵصģڰɣ
Уں棬κУҴȥӢ
ӢκͤߣѹûôעҦҦ̫̫
ˣҦҲѾǺ޲Ҹطȥ
Լ̣תߡ
öˡ
Ϊ͹ݵķԱȻƽѧʦ
⵽ô£
ƽѧȥȻﵱʦ
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Ҧô벻ס
κͤʱȴǺ֮ǰô£
ҴǼҰߵʱǲѺңŻһ£ŰѺûʱʵͦӵģû˵
һ벩Ҫ˵ȥҦ¾Ҫˡһӵˣͬѧ֪飬ԺѧУȥ
ȻϲҦ꣬Ҳ
ԭˡκͤãѲķˡ
κУˡǰӢعͷ
ѧУͦģһİ칫¥УҾڶ¥
Ӣκͤô飬ΪκͤѧѧУУκͤһġ
УܿͰź²ѧ飬ҲóǮ²ѧѡ
꼶ѧÿѧԪ⣬ŮӻҪʮԪǮ
⣬ΪŮѧѧһϿΣʲôҲǷֿģѧУһʶ⿪Եʡ
ʮԪͨͥ˵һʲСĿ֧ȴɵó
ǮһЩѧУ飬˽ԽԽ⣬ǣѧŮȻ࣬СѧŮ٣꼶жʮڶˣЩŮѧͻͦġ
²Ӧܸ浽һ
ѧУУѧУģҪԼȥһҲ÷⣬鱾ʲôҲҪԼá
һ嵥źκͤһ뿪
Уε飬Ҫл㣬Էɡ
áκͤӦˣֵҿҪúóһ١
κͤ˵Ҫúóһ٣ûѡܹķꡣ˸·ߵС͹ݲ˵ֻǴ㡢Ѽ˻ˣҲֻҪëǮ
ּ˸ľ˾³
ѼزҲóԣǳ˻˻õĲ˻˽δĻ۵úܣȳ˺óԺܶࡣ
Ǵζһ㣬ԼĪ㲻ôʵԵʡ
Ǵ㣬Զûҹĺóԡκͤ
У´ҼҳԷԡ
Ҿ͵ˣκͤЦ
˳ԹκͤƽѧǻԼס
ҵѵõؿţ²ſ̽ͷ̽Եģʹˣ磬ˣ磬𣿡
ҳԹˡ
磬ҪҪˮ²ʡ
ʲôʰɡ
²۾ģ磬ȥ𣿡
ܡ
²һӾȻȥȥˣ
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кڣܶŮӶܶ飬ڣܶŮӵ֮١
²˷˺һҲǳˡ
ֵҪУҪα׼һ£һȥɡ
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Уʽܱ䣬ʲôϣȴѡġ
磬˵ľˡ²֪ǮǻҪӣɲһ
ûᣬ˲÷ֲϵļǮ
ʵɹѡĲϲ࣬ѡһһ۸еġ
УʽͦƽҲܴ²ױĵ˻Ŵ׺ģ컹ŵʱ򴩡
⣬ò÷·Щһ𣬾Ҫʮˡ
ȳ˲÷ִ̣²ȥꡣ
嵥ϵʮ౾ټֽʱӣЩ֮һֱ֧͸²
ֱ֧ʣһ֧˺īˮһ֧īˮһš
ֱ֧ʶ˵ģϾ׷ƷƣҲҪðĸֱԼݣþˡ
˺õġ
֮ǰ̰ѡһ֧ʮԪıʣΣ²ѡһ֧Ǯɿ˱ʡ
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úܾã˻ޡЦָһƿīˮһҪúö顣
磬һģ²ᶨ˵
ԭ²²ŶԸȥ磬Լһˣһ㶼Ĳ
Ҳû֣ȻԣײǴ󸻴
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ͨв͹ķ˼Ҳ룬ɴȥ
ߵһ㶼ǳ׷ģƽҲѵóͦġ
Թִȥƻᡣ
ƻֳģֳ棬ǰڸһӱߣռһͦ·
ﲻƱ·ߵ̯λһһа̯ˣҪֳ̯λѵġ
ʱ˻ͦ뷨ͦ׬Ǯġ
ƻ¶ֳڱֽϴģ˷ǳ࣬˶òС
ֳ˲˼ƻϣһЩһķСݲ·ߵϣͨϵ磬Ū˼Ĵݣϵϣ⣬˻ǲŸΣǴߣ·ȥˡ¿衣
²ǼּȤģǶ쿴ˣҲһ㲻ϡ桪ִҸտһ֣˸ĵƶȤ
ȻˣﻹЩִټĶġ
ЩֹĸָĵԲ˵·ߵĵըĴľµˡȫ˼
ƻ·ںӱߣһȫǸ̯ӣһǺӵӵͣŲٴ
ЩװĺƯҲͶ࿴˼ۣȻͼϳһŮӣ˸ۡ
һͻȻʶЩʲôˡ
ЩǸļԺĻ
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˴ֵһͷ䵽һͷȻع䡣
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ڵĴµƹ˴齫
ƹ齫˶Ϻˣһߴ齫һ߻ʱʱӢ
ٲ̣һ˿ƹ
ƹ
ԣЩΡŮ˲棬̲Ҳˣ齫򡭡٣治д
˼һ֮󣬲շű򿪣һòŮӶһˮ˽λү
ڵշλҹĻĶ㣬λͦߣҲ
֮ǰͻӢǱ߿һȴȻ˵㣬ôûʲô磬ڲһȴһ糯Ǵ
齫˲Լͬش˸ƹæŹϣ
ŮŵŮӶæȥţʱϵʵļׯƱͻȻ紵
Ůһƹæȥץץס˺üţһׯƱŻӢڵĴȥ
Ůʱ򣬻ӢѾ˹ҲƼű紵ׯƱˡ
һ£³һȻôׯƱԼ³һ紵ڣͶ뵽ĺڰȥ
١ƹεؽһׯƱһţһԪģ
ƹǮˣҲеۡ
ǽǴҪǮӢģǮǮؿǮ紵ûȴҲеܲˡǵǮǴģȴˡ
ǽƯŮ˵ʲôζ
ղſׯƱȥȥץˣ֪Լ϶µģپȻһׯƱ
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þɱֽôɾҶϰΪҲ˵ʲôóһӸǮ
²˵һʹӱϾĵطССҧһڣ磬㣡
šӦһҲһԡ
ţһŨױĨطǳƯŮͻȻˣ
ΪеǱˣû뵽ŮӾȻͣǰ
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ЩˡӦòڻϺȻƣκͤ˵׼κͤӦþֱӺˡ
ȥ֪ˡŮӵ
һ¼ߣͲȥˡԥؾܾ
ŮӼˣŵǻ٣ȥ
ԭǲȥģٵ֣Ǹ⡣
ٺгţǴ֮û죬ƹͰǮ͵κͤϡ
κͤǮⲻ˽ٿֿ䣬⣬ñͶԻӡ󲻴Իٵӡˡ
ڻܲʲôıӦò֪ңκͤҲ棿
ĸ׺áŮӡ
Ů뵽֮ǰõǡŮ˵ġλһȥɡ
ԣ²񣬾͸Ůȥ
һľƵģ˵ġСšͨ˻Ͱߣһߣһ߲²֮ͣǰĻҪǣǷɾͺá
²ˡɺܶࡣ
ߵ¥ʱƹ͸齫ѾˣҲͻһڡ
һȥע⵽ٵɫ̫ÿܿ죬Էıֻþò
ʲôִֻлڣЩ⣬üͷ
κͤͻһ𣬻ٲŻû뵽κͤڡ
ˣʲô
ֻһ棬ûʲô顣
ӢʱҲʶԼ̫ˡ
ԴǸҼŹܾܵʹӹҽԺ˼٣ȻŪ˸ʵһͷ˽ȥ񶼹ȥˣһζû
ϺһΪ⣬һΪܺ͵ܾܵһۣͻȻ̯ôһ׮顭뿪Ϻ֮ǰŵܵܣ
Ӣ鱾ͲãƼŮڹƻᣬ͸ˣֱ˰
ˣߵŮϵССúӦˣͲˣ˽ɡ
ӢЦЦ¥Ǹˡ
ӢгԼı
ӢֵҺϲѧԴһ㡣ʵ֮ǰϣҾģϧʱ̫಻㡭Ƽ㣬ˡ
öϲҵҡ˵֮ǰϣٶе飬ԭΪдС˵˻ٵۡ
С˵дôãϲӦõġϺֿ֮ˡҽ͡˼ǡǲɶõļӢ
ԼС˵үүϲͦ˵ģͻӢ
˼䣬Ӣ͵λúĸװɣͦȤģҪҪȥ棿
ˡнؾܾӢȴѾ˹˴²ȥ¥ˣ⴬ҰͦɾģǷȥͺá
²ŸǸǽŮˣӢȴָдС˵
¥ıдƪС˵˽ϸģ˼һһش
ţӢͻȻʣдĽǸˣ˶ǲй̹ĵĸ顭Ҳܺ档
٣ҽʮߣʲô龭Ц
ϲôŮӣӢʣģͦϧġ
Ҳ֪ʵʵ˵е㲻Ծ
ӢϲС˵˵ͦģӢˣĸ⣬Ͳ̫ˡ
ڣӢܿת˻⡣
Ȼ󡭡ӢͻȻ˵˱ǱߣӸϷӣϷõ飬ô
һֱãи˵ϲãȨ档
Ӻһ𣬷ŹҪġٵ
͹ˣǵĸû˺ˣǾ͸޹ء
òϲͬԻԣֻҪû˺ˣͲñС
ֻǡΪʲôͻȻ
ͻȻ뵽ǰλһȢޣҲûкӣԡϲˣ


75 
ϱӺͽӴ, ʮʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ͬĴ, صӰӾ, ӢѻתƵ棬̾ͻ˻Ӣ
֮еˡ
ٷ׷ǹʵ, һ㲻죬ͻȻ˵òٿ˰ɣ
Ҳģͦ˧ġ
Ӣܿ˱ģѾ벻ˣ, Ѿˣ컹Ҫ
ȥɡӢЦ
Ӣʱ鲻̫, ȴ˵ĺܡ
Ļش, ֱ˵ȥˡ
˵ĻҲϲ˵ģ
֮ǰܵܲ飬ֻϲŮˣ㲻ˣڡ
Ӣ˰, ԼҲˡ
ȥԼĵܵġ
Ӣҵĳ
֮ǰκҵϹŶϡ涼ûˣ²ȴúܣ˻С⳵ӡ
ڳϵʱ, Ϊ˾ڣû²˵ʲô, ǻ˼ң̾ʣ֮ǰڴϣǶʲô
²Ҳûʲôģλ˵Ҫȥ齫Ƕᡭ齫˸Сӡ

˼䣬֪ͻӢʱ²һֱڡ桱齫㲻ˣֻ²˯
Լϴ˸ϴϴţҲ˴
ֻǣڴϣһʱȴ˯š
ɻϲԼ֮󡭡ܵһ㾪š
Ȳ˵ϲˣ˵١ܻڶôӢΪ֮£ܾүүġ
ȻҲ´ˡ˵ϲǱˣֻϣܵõһ˵֧֡
һûףɴͲˡ
ٵƷŵùģݣҪôûУܲԼ
ΪƷŵùĻ٣ʱȴȥ˸̰˲õʵңȻѿŵ˴ˡ
磬ڸ̰ʵЩεʵ
⹷ҽȥӢڨڨؽԼ˵̹Ǹȥʿ
ʵұǲȥģҪȥҲҪ·̰ü
Ӣ˸Ȼע⵽̰۾ģ۾ﶼкѪ˿ˣ⼸ǲûкúϢҩǼٶ֪㷸ΪԼ嶼𣿡
ġ̰
ʲôģӢе㷴Ӧ
ҩģһ˵ù˵ķȡùùȷʵɱܶϸ̰
Ӣ
̰Ǽʵ飬ǲкˣ޺ôҪʼоôģôȡһЩģʵҪˣʵ豸ҲҪһ㣬ܴӹҼⷽרһǾ͸ˡ
רңרҲԸİɣӢ
ԹЩպר˵ǵĹǸƶĵطԸʵϣ̡ʹй׬ǮȻЩͨնǲԸġ
ɲһ̰磬ɱˣǱڴ̣
Ҳǡҿû·Ӣ
ʶһЩˡ̰һ취Ū˻
ӢԵʲôõҵĵط㾡˵
ȷʵҪæ̰
ʲôӢʡ
ҪϺһ󹤳ʱҩ̰
ΪʲôҪϺӢ⣬뷨ǻԼĵϲã
߸㣬̰
УҾｨҩ
磬ҪĲҩ̰ȽһЩ۳֯ʲôģҩҪغá
ӢִӦ
̰磬ЩҲ׬Ǯġҵ˴ŷǱߴϢǱߴ̴ԽԽˣΪ˹Ӧ裬ǵĹĲƷٳڣͬʱһЩԭĹתʼˣԺǲʳƥлЩҲ򲻵
ŷǳսǰġ
һʼս˲࣬ǵûʲôӰ죬ȥ꣬ļ۸ͿʼˣԺҪӹŪӦûԽԽѡ
Ŀ»ֹӦҲԽԽпܣЩһǵĹҽʳʲôġ
£۳֯һ׬١
ڵǡ
ǹûֻǴӹڵģŷЩطѾˣǵĹ˵۳ܶ໹ҽӹˣֱ͵ǰȥ£ЩҲܽǡ
Ҫô죿Ӣü
磬¹ڵӦúܿͻ֣ᷢʱǻһȺȥձһЩԣŪЩ˻̰ŷ޺ǱߣҲ뷨ԡ
ŷ޵ստʱ򣬸̰ûô¡
ڣⳡսĹԽԽ࣬ȴͻȻʶĻᣬҲǹҵĻᡣ
ӦץסᣬԼĹұøǿ
ãϾȥţȥһձӢ
˺ܾãһֱ˵ҹŰȫá
̰磬ʱ䲻ˣȥϢɡ
ҲȥϢȵȣӢͻȻ
̰ؿӢ
Ӣ¡˵ǼһҲϲˣ컹˵ϲԼ飬Ȩ档
̰һ㶡
˯еڶ컹һˡ
֮²ȥѧУ
²УûãԼһʽУе·ǰƤЬѱ͹ⷢġ
ʮСôһ磬ÿĺܡ
²һѧУȻֱȥУ
²ѧУ۸Ϊ˸²ӵУʱ򣬾ͰԼ¥˵ˣУ顣
ʦĺˣѧУһ۸У
ллУлУֺУһ𣬰²͵ǵİ༶
²УģܲڱżԼ׼һЩӦÿ뼯塭ڽվһԼǿϸ׵ģ뿪˳ѧУ
ѧУ²ոλ£˺УУô
ҲУݡ²ҸʦУʶ
羹ȻʦǸŮ˵ΧŮҲĽ
²Ǻ
ǰûһμôͬŮҲûӴļ壬е㺦µģЩ˿ʼ֮ͷ
뵽Լ֮ǰֽ²óһЩķָǣҽ²ԺһŬѧϰ
²ܿ͸Щ˴һƬ
ƽѧʼԼһĹ
ż죬ǳƽ
һʼе㵣ĻٿԼôȥһ㶯ûСͻȻʶԼ֮ǰˡ
κ֪ͤȥձ͸ȷһˡ
ȷٶԼ⣬֮ǰôʿֻѰͬͷͬʱҲеͬ١
Ҫһ꣬ڹˡ
ꣿͻȻ뵽Լдġڰ󡷡
Լһڡ


76 
¿Ĵſʼӡˢʱ, ҽ͡ӢĶġˡ
֮ǰҵӡվڱֽϵ˹档
Ϻ
ԼͬѧѧУΪ˶ͯļ, һﵽٸƿ, Ǯʳ·ȥ͸Щ˵ĺӵġ
ôʱ, µǳ˼ǡ￴ôһڣһ̫̫ҵжʧĽ̫̫ܸмһԼӵ·һͷ
·ͷ, ϲ̵ߵȥȻͱһ, ˵Ҫϵ·ȥԼĶӴ
᲻·, Ǹʱ˻һ١
Լ뷨
ڽһµļ۸һԺ, ѸǾסԼӶÿЩ̲͹ȥָЩӳԡ
֮⣬
һ, ̫࣬Լ̫, Щӡ
ʵϣֻôҲֳһЩķӸһЩ˼ңѸ˶ͯͳԵģԼҵĺӰ¶׳԰׺ȡ
˽Ůסķ档
ӵġ
룬ǸÿԼҵӶ˵⺢ȴȥ졣ȥԶ¹͸ûʲô׹ʵչ⺢ӺԺĺӡ
ԺſڵŮѾˣƼݵģžͿ
⺢ӵģͷ˭ԸȥԼûϵŮޣ
ԺĺЩӽӴ֮󣬾ͷЩӣ￴Ķǲһġ
ЩӵԸ񣬼෴Į⡣
ǻǱĸǸĸ˫ڼ仹ûٱ˴ǵĶ⣬ǲ֪ҪѰ˵ġ
ֻ֪ʳԼЩԵ
Щ˵ʱȽϾãСĺӣΪƽٸ˽Եʣ˵
ǣС㡣ӶӦˡ
鷳ˡӶԪ
鷳鷳ܰС£ҵҡӶæ
߰ɡԺһۣӶ˵
̶ʮ죬;Լ˺ܶࡣ
ǰĵطǾģĺӣǲԸ࿴һۡ
ߵ·ûʯ壬ǵ·խСƤЬ棬ûһƤЬˡ
Һùչһ䣬Ϳҵİˣͬʱ֮ǰһֱΧĳζҲ䵭ˡ
֮ǰլӺܴʮ䷿ӣиԺӣ֮Ի£ȫΪŸиͦķء
ҹŵķ೵װˣͻﵹ
⣬⸽иɱس˳Ե⣬ܶ඼Ǵͳȥġ
˵ķķӷͣҲͳһŻĳζ
һιʱ򣬲תӡ
ˡ֪Լûʲô£ЩһȵļңҲͱѡĵط
ζŵ㣬Ҳû⡣
ϳӣó硣
յ磬Ƽбͯ
Ǵڱǡ˼ǡӣΪȥЩӣһһ˱ֽסͯһݴڱ
걨ű֣ﶼǶģҪԼǮ뿴ؼҿˡ
磬·ƽưҲȵˡ
ڳϣԼϵıֽ
˼ǡĶһбµĴ磬һٱԼɻ
˵شӦˣû뵽ɵĻȻ͵Ǯ
ŴһƱ͵һǮܸˣȴǲԵġ
͵Ǯ˴ϻ·ȥѴ͵Ǯˡ
˺ܸмȴܲ˼˾ܾ˶Էĳ
ʧһٵлǮ߸˵ˣȴһ٣ңҲûдˡ
뵽˸˵ллǺܸ˵ġ
ҵʱѾ´¿һ飬ȵ˼ϸؿһ顣
ǳ۹Ķϧʲôˡ
̲ס̾Ȼ˿ֽϵݡ
̾ͱзһˡ¥顶ҽ͡ӢĶġ31ʽۡ
ҽȳѾ˺ܾã׼Ҫˣ⡶ӢĶġʲô
Ȼˣ⡶ӢĶġʲôֻҪ¥дģȥ
ֻӢĲãǿ
ôһ룬ʱеգ¥ѧģӢĿ϶ܺãҲúúѧһѧӢĵġ
ѧӢģҲѧӢġ
ͬģˡ
ҽⱾ飬ܶ˶һؼղأڡӢĶġǲ֪⡶ӢĶġдʲôȴҲҪġ
һʱ䣬ڴ¥
ֹϺڴˣҲͬڴ
ڱֻϺУҽ飬ߵˣûпģȥϺϺǱߵѼֽģſһЩ
Ǵ࿴֪¥ġѧ
֮вˣѧû򵽡
ڣǻû򵽡ѧ¥龹Ȼˣһ¥߲
ϣ飬ѧһÿ
ĶҲڴϾֽ˵ˣ31죬߻ͬۡ
ѧҲڴ֮һ
ϲѧͬ´ϺһЩڱġҽ֮󣬱ϲˡҽ
ҽ͡ѧһᳫİ׻дģԶıҲãԼ򼸱ղҲǿԵġ
ڡӢĶġձѧģӢĺܲѧĶҲѧһҲá
ѧҪӢĶġ͡ҽʱ²Ѿõˡ
Ʒ֮ҵӡݷǳ󷽵ʮЩֱ˵Ǽҵģ²Ȼͷһ
ѧУӢĿεģһֻڿΣͽ̼ʣˡӢĶġ²ǿģҽһ
ûп֮ǰԼĸ֮ǿõ飬ֿ
ܶʶⲢӰĶ²񿴵öеˣѾ᲻ð¡
˯ˣٿɡû²ϵ飺˵ˣ¿̫á
ôã²۾ȷʵ̫ͷȥˮϴˡ
ȵڶ죬ʰʱ򣬾ͰñֽƤġҽŽԼ
վ²͵ѧУġ
ԼҲҪȥ²͵ѧУʱҲͺ磬²Լ༶ʱ򣬰ͬѧһû
Լλϣóҽ
ſţۿˡ
ôˣһ²̧ͷŷԼͬˡ
ʱ˼ҵкͻɣͨ˼ҵĺӲͬôҲҪȺ߰һ㣬Żͺȥ顣
Ͼ̫Сѧ˵ѧУҲġ
Ůӣ͸ˣʮȥһ꼶ıȱȽǣһҲû̫࣬Сʶֻˣҳùˡ
ԣ²ȻѾʮִ꣬ܶˣ꼶Ľͬѧ١
û£̫ˡ²£ʱ𵱳ʱ顣
ʱͲˣ
ҺøûҪȻڡȥԼڹĻôӡ
ʲô°²ͬյ²ߣ²鿴ȥȻô֣ģ㿴ö
Һֲܶʶܿ²
Ҵûͷ顣²ͬ
ֱһ࣬Ϊʲô²񲻽⣬ͬ˶ֵģֺܶࡣ
ûҪ²ͬ
ҾԿﻹһ飬㿴²˵ţʹóǰġѧͬ
²ͬһʼôһͷȥ²񿴵棬ȴҲӲͷƤһˡ
ڣʦϿεʱҲܵĹ£̲ס͵͵ó鿴
ڣʱʦǲȥѧûС顱ģʱҲûʲô顣
ѧʱλͬ²ҵ̫ÿˣҴ֪ϻôÿ飬̫ˣҰϵ鿴꣬ڿҲҺ𣿡
ð²һڴӦ
Χͬѧ״׷׺ǵ֪²кÿ飬Ҳ׷˽ĵ
²ȫӦˣϵⱾҽҲԽǣҼﻹϣ±и½Сڰ󡷣ǳÿǡ
²ǺϣܸͬѧǽѵģˣԼϵġҽҲ˳ȥ
ġҽֹһⱾ˳ȥؼҿԻһ
һСõǱҽ߸˵ػؼȥˡ
Сд޺ĸһҽһĸæ
ǼҼҾ˶ܽڼװβյĴӣһ㶼ǲģȫֻͭԪ
Ȼˣдʿǿ϶ǴӴġ
ؼңԼĸڸԼĸ˵һԪҪȥ顣
ʲôҪһԪĸ⡣
޸Ҫ򼸱һһղأʣµ͸Ǽͽܡ
㻹Ǯĸ˴޸һۣԪ޸
޺ЦЦó²鿴
ҵѧУдˣ£ͿⱾ²˵ܺÿ顣
޺ʼʱĸڸĸ˵˺üҲ֪ǰмڶûϧ黹Ҫе
޸ʹĸţҽҽ޺ǰĻܸȤûȥˡ
ϵⱾ飬̫ÿˣ
֮ǰֻʮġˮ䰴͡¥Ρ黹ȫڣһرÿ飡
ˣЩ
޺̲סҭ
ôˣ޺ĸ׵ĵؿԼŮ
֣û¡޺̫ˡ
ڿ飿ʲô飿޸ʵ
ͬѧҵģ˵ܺÿ޺ΪƤñֽˣ֪ʲô֡
ò֡һ˫ئԧ졯ɣСӲҪȥ޸һ˵ţһ޺鷭˷
Ȼסˣǡҽ
޺⡣
޸ֵ鲻ǻûͬѧôУ
޺Ҳ֪²ôС
ͬѧǿģȻǸӡйϵСӱ𿴣ȥ޸
˵꣬Ȳؿ
޺
ҽ͡ӢĶġеǰһ죬飬ǰƽѧ뿪ȥ˹ҽԺ
ǰæѾܾṵ̂ˡ
̰֮󽻵ĵһͬѣͦӵģټϡҽⱾڸ̰İ²дɵģбҪ͸̰һ
ڡӢĶġⱾ顭ȻⱾǹѧӢĵģĹ¶ģЩ»ȤҲܵǲ
첻죬̰ӦҽԺģ˺ܾãƼܶҽҽԺ뿪ûеȵ̰
Ҫȥ²񣬲ٵȥҽԺŵƾװ·ˣǺãʡ
ʲô£һ˿̬Ȼͦõġʲϻ飬Բ˿
ʸҽҲǸ̰ҽ°𣿡ʡ
ҽѾܾûϰˡ˵
һ˵ҽְˡ
һ㶡
̰֮ǰȥҲˣôڻҪְ
ҪǸ̰ڹҽԺˣԼҪĻҪͨ


77 ̰
ʱ, ҽʦǹʼߵְҵ̰ҽ, ǲ͡
, ΪʲôҪְ
ȻڲǾʱ²ڵ
ư, óȥѧУ
ѧУʱѧУѾѧˣкЩûߣżӣоͰ²
²Լؼ, ģֽ͡
Ѿȫĵط, ɻεź̵ܶ˵, Щѵʱʲô˴֮ʲô鶼ɵó
˵ѧУ磬ѧУǼеԶˡ
磡²ֻ˻, ˡ
񡣡һˡ
ûаҲ͸ճ²
²ĸ磿ʱͻȻ˲졣
ȥͿһԼĪʮ꣬ЩֺССﻹֱض
ǵ, áСЦЦ
С̾ͺƿߡ
磬ҵͬܿ²
ܿ, ҽ㣬ллչˡ
лܿƳһۣˣֿ²񣺡񣬼ȻˣҾˣټ
С˵æˣŴ²ؼҡ
磬ǽѧУѧʫˣĴʣдá²һߣһһ˵
ưֻһȻ£Ůб𲻺üһɴ߻ȥˡ
´ȥʫδʣԱһ²ѧʫȻһ˼
ѧУʦҲ˼͵Ŀ϶û͵ôϸ
ʱʦôѧ֮УܶʦҲʦѧУġ
һ·˵ŻصҵʱѾſڵˡ
ãϱ£ǻæϵĲ˶˳ְܷԱߣʢķ
ͺܷʢԵǴ㡣
ˮӶ࣬Ҳ࣬쳤ģҪʳ۸ͦˣЩԲΪġϡҡŴ㣬ôһҲͭԪ
һĺóԣţ֮ǰκͤ˵Ǵ飬˵ˡ
κУϲ㣿Щܳ
ôóԣҶϲ
ǹ
Թһѧϰ
񵽵ʹˣѧһֱ²֮ǰӰѾùټ˵ĶһŲǲ󣬵²ʼѧУѧ֪ܶʶеˣüǳ
ѾѧñȺܶ˿ˡο
šЦϵĳҲʧˣʵѧҲģʹˣ顣
Ͽʲôܸо鲻̫á
Ըȥƽѧ𣿡ʵ²칤ĹĶ飬һڼңüį
ʲôʡ
ǸѧУʦƽǸԴ˵ģܲ㣬ҪԸȥܳʵȺˡûнˮ
ģҵֻǼʦ˵ĻҲᱻţƽѧǸȫĵط
ȻˣƽѧнˮͲҪˡ
Ը⣡ԥ˵ЩɣĻô죿
ؼҲǿԵġ
Ժԡȥ𣿡ʣ֮ǰҦҵʱŬӽã˻ûܳΪѣᵽ֮󣬴ҶǶŶסŵģҪѧϰһ˵ϻûС
֮ǰ²ڼҵʱ򻹺õ㣬Щ²ȥˣһڼÿġ
ܸŶȥѧУȻԸģڸûǮҲ˳ٷ飬ǸһȺʦǧԸġ
ȥκУ
á̵
ṵ̂ӻճ
²ѧϰ֮󣬾¥ȥдڰˡ
Լ˹涨ÿдһǧֵġڰ󡷣Ȼˣһܶдһ㡣
ִ㲻ǿˣҲǹȻÿ춼д㶫ΪԭдĲ࣬Ͼʱкܶ˵һ飬ֱ˵ţʲôġ
ʱ̫ˣҲͱøڷܡ
ڶԵһͦʵĶ
Ǽһֱôģ󷹣й͡
ͣһڶϣӵˮȥɴŽζݷ͡
ɽ첻һͼһ͡
ϵķƵеãҲ࣬ҾͿһͣһ£ǳԳԿ
ܺóԣ˵ʵʹŹɽ㣬ͼ֮󻹱ɴ࣬ٺóԲ
Ҳúúóԣе͡
ͳըĹͣÿһ붹
Ա㣬²ȥѧУȻԼȥƽѧ
·ϣ·һ꣬ſ˳ӡ
ġҽ͡ӢĶġеӣ飿
쵽ѧУʱͦõġ
飬Ͳ̫ˡ
ǡҽ͡ӢĶġеӣƾô͸ȥ֧һȰѧУȥǩ
羹ȻҪһȥѧУ
磬ҽ컹¡ϸ̰еĳӣͼ
ʲô£̰ʡ
ȥ顣
̰ó˿ʱ䣺ȥѧУʱպãҪȥ飬Ҫٵˡ
ٵûϵһ㶼óٵʲô⣬̰⡭ֻܷĴ㡣
߰ɡ̰
ư̰磬ȥѧУʲô
¡̰
ܵĴ𰸣ƲƲ졣
ø̰ҪȥѧУȥĳɼʦøһ㡣
̰ʶƽѧʦһʼȥƽѧʱ򣬾ôģ£̰͸Ŀˣʦù
뵽е㲻˼
Ҳ˶ˡ
뵽Ϊ̰ûܵһʱ¥飬е㲻ˡ
˵ʱ䲢ָ̰ܿϲ¥飬˴ڱ֪¥
ʱǩ飬̰ʲôûУ
ôŸ̰ѧУ
磡Щ˸к
ǺϲôԼģڸ̰ڣܾе߳ܡ
磬˭ƫʱ򣬻ʡ
Ҹ硣
á̰˵ͷ΢Ц
̰˵ʱ򣬴ﵽ⣬ͷŵף͸һºͣǳ˵ĺøУҲǰݵĸȻͬ
ͬѧȵؿŸ̰ǲšǻǸ磿
ǽȥɣæԼԼͬѧ˵ʲô˵Ļ
̰Ҳû׷Ÿȥ
ҽ˸սȥѾ·Ժ﷭ص
Ⱥ֮󣬳˰СѾջӹֲ˵Ļǽĵز˷ѣʹ㰤ŷһȦȻ˿ʲôġ
ѧУΧǽ棬ҲֵϹ϶ʲôġ
ѧУģɶһȺţ̲
Ƽ̰ˣԼĳͷͼߵ̰ǰȻֱӹ¿˸ͷҽҡҸĸͷ
̰û뵽ôæֽ㲻
Ҫģҽҵأһ˵һһ㿪̰֣ҽ࡭
ҽСѾҲ̰ˣ֣ͬϲ֡
û¹
ǹô̰Цʡ
ͷСѾ˵á
ʱƼˡ
ͷСѾ˶ѧУѧܺãЩãǶģǿȻֱ¹ˣ
⵽ô£
̰˼䣬ͼȥͷ
һ·ѧУ칫ҡ
̰ôˣκͤЩϲؿŸ̰
Ҫͼҹֿ̰þò
ҽþòҲЩϲԼѧУøȥ̰û뵽ͼ˸̰
ʶ̲סʵ羹Ȼʶ
ѧУһģǵȻʶκͤ
֪̰ʶѧУʦ治֪ѧУһǸ̰ġڵĹؼǣ֪Ĳκͤʶʶôʶ
֪ʵʵԼЦЦʶ֮ǰѾʶˡ

ʱʣҽȥҽԺҹ㣬˵ܾûȥϰˣʲô𣿡
̰Щȣȥҹң˼ȽæûȥϰࡣҽԺ
̰Ҫ뿪ҽԺȴû뵽̰ȻֱҪҽԺȻˣø̰϶ܰá
ϾҽԺǱκͤѧҪһģѧǮҽԺĻ׬
ִϣ廪ѧһĿ֧ڣٵ㣬Ҳû̫٣ĹѧĿϺܶ࣬ͬ޴󡭡ûвѧѧѵĻ廪һһ򶼲ù΢õĴѧһָҲҪ׼ʮʮѧѡ
ʱʦ٣ܶණҪڣ͸ˡ
ڸ̰ҽԺ
ҽһܳɹ
̰ЦЦӦÿԡ뿪ǹԼҽԺ
Щ壺ӦÿǹԼҽԺûǹԼҩƷ
һôһ졣̰
ľȻ磿ʱܰСʱȻ
е㲻ܽһС
Խܵģһ֮󣬾Ȼó磺ҽҽˣдһƪӢĶġҲˣ͸㡣
лл̰ӹ顣
Ѿˡ


78 
ԼһƬҰ, 硭֪¥
֪̰Լĵܵôˡ
ǲ³һЩ뷨, Цһûѧ, дѧȫҽҽ˺ܶ顣дҽҽǰҺܶࡣ

, ô㲻Ҫȥ𣿡κͤ
ҲŲ
ΪӢĿδҪŰͬѧģȥ¥飬Ͱ˱˴Űͬѧ
ίĺܡԺҲͬѧˣ
ͿϿˣȥϿΰɡ, ָһӢĶġһҽ͸㡣
ԭһ, ûôˡ
Ȼ, Ҳû
һ飬ʹӰ칫˳ȥ
ҵܵܲ£鷳ˡ̰
֮ǰе㲻ܣͦĵ, Ӣѧáκͤ
ҲܴеŤ
ĸκ̰ͤͼݵĵַѾѡ, ȥ
̰Ӧ
ҴｨͼݡκָͤźĿյص
κͤ˵ҪҪһƽѧ̰κͤ
κͤҵ, ĵؼҲ֪ġҵصʱķܹҲͻǧ󣬿ضǼ۵һˡ
̰ģҴҽԺߣԱߵһأƽѧҪʱҿŲһƽѧЩҡ
ԱߵĵأκͤЩ棺ĵأ
̰˵һŵ
κͤЩԾҪǮɣ
Ҫ򣬡̰Ϊ˰ҽԺǰűˡ
ؼˣκͤЩԾ
˲ٵأؼ̰̾
Ҳ˵ˣǻҪҪ¶Ժ˺ܺáκͤ
Щ֪Ĳ࣬ϾȦκͤûģʵκͤҲû⡣
̰κͤ˵֪ߵƹϺϴأѾ˲ˣֱӳϺĵؼۡ
ƽѧһأ˵Ǵ¶Ժ
⻰뵽Լʱ˵ҪѸѾȥ޼ҿɹˡĪΪŻҪ¶Ժ
ֻߣΪдġ˼ǡ
ô뷨ġ
ϾЩɶǮġ
̰ƽѧһȦʾԼҪ˽ԼҽԺƽѧһ£Ȼٽӡ
ԴˣκͤȻͬģǮ࣬ѧУСˣÿҲܶУٺò
Ǿô˵ˡ̰
һ㵽ѧϿεʱ䣬̰ǣȥ˽ҡ
ˣκ̰ͤȥ칫
ȥʦôϿεġ̰ЦҴδڹϹѧ
ǾȥɡκͤϿεĻѧУĿϵãȥĿΡ
á̰Цˣ뿴ı
ǣո߽ңͿκͤŸ̰˽
ϿȷʵȤΪὲܶĶ
ѧˡˡʣ͸Щѧռһ¹ĹᣬֱѧʣǣʱҲͰĶܶ˼ûв
ȻˣҲǣĹʲ׼ôġ
̰ú档
˵ĶģǵȥϲΡ
⡭ʱɷӣǳÿ
ǰЩʵ˺ܶ죬֮లţʵƣһÿΣ;ɲ١
ֻǡ˵ϲ˵飬Ǽٵġ
һ㶼û
̰ԼһӳˣŻŻĻ
ֻߡӳˣеį
еϲģ˼ҼȻ·ϵģζܰˮ
ڿΣһ 󣬾׼ȥϵڶˡ
ϵһ εʱ򣬸̰ˣϵڶڿεʱ򣬸̰ͲˣӦѾ뿪ˡ
ĿΣƽѧʦһ۵ʳóԷ
ԷʱУ֪ģҼûʲôݣȥˣһˡһڼͦĵģܲѧУ
ԡκͤһڴӦ
ллУʱóԵġ
ѧУʦ֪ζΪĲĸģ׷ױʾڴ
˵ˣĲ١
ʱ򣬹ڵЩѾкܶ򵽡ҽ͡ӢĶġˣϺߣҽ˺š
ˣ඼ҽġ
ҽⱾ飬ܣȷʵһ飬еʶ˶һؼңԼѾ˲ٿҲԸԼŮŮ۽硣
ڡӢĶġľһˡ
ӢģӢĲõģͲ飬ͨӢĵģ˷ǰݸǳ֮󣬸
Ҳֻǳϲ¥ˣŻԥҽͬʱ¡ӢĶġ
ѧϺõŮѧҲ㲻ˣѧУͬǽ̻ģҺܶγ̶Ӣϡ
䲻ϲӢģҲԼѧĲãʵߵͷȥӢǺõġ
ҽ£ѾڱֽϿü飬ûʲôȤڿѧУ֮ʹˡӢĶġ
ⱾǰĹ£ÿע;ܿҲûʲôȤĹ¡
Ȿ棬дľȻһȤС£
ȿĵģֶſӢĵģģԼǸӢĺܺõѡ
ûãϿʱ䵽ˡ


һ ξǵӢʦӢʿɪĿΣΪŷǱߵսԽԽҵԵʣɪǲôá
רҰӢĲõվԻȻ˵Ĳõʱ򣬽ѵһ١
ã챻
ʵɵúܣɪ⣬ȻոڡӢĶġϿһƪ⣡
ʶؾƪ»شˡ
ɪɵؿһۣȻûΪˣ
һȵ¿ΣٴΰѡӢĶġ򿪵ʱ򣬶ⱾĸоѾһˡ
¥дģ¥滹˵ˣѧӢĵ˽֮ͱɣ
ʱ
ʮѧһ˵һ߽꣺֪ҵûԭ顣
ҪԭĶ𣿡
ڿ϶ԺӦܶ
ʦ򣬾һˡ

˵߽꣬յſڣԽǳ˵æʣϰ壬ҽ𣿡
Уϰ
Ҫı˵
˼ϰֻʣˡ
Ǿɡ̾óǮߡ
ÿ죬ߵҲ죬ˣЩϰ壺ϰ壬ʲô飿
¥ġҽϰ
ʡ
Ȼˣտˡϰ
ϧһ뿴ءһʣϰ壬Ӣ𣿡
ҪӢ飿ˣ¥ˡҽһӢĶģ
귭˷飬澹Ȼעͣһһ
Ҫģ
ҽӦ󣬡ӢĶġҲ˲١
ֻ
Σͽ²ؼңȻκͤͬȥƽѧ
ϲ⣬ѧϰʱ򣬾ͷ㡣
ϲûдڰ󡷣ֳȥһˣĳһš
Ǽĸϣ±ģװģһݡڰ󡷵ĸӡ
ϴμĵĸӻûпǳڼȻѾдˣĳȥҲ޷
ŵʱ򣬱¼ңѧԹǰ׼ʱġҽ͡ӢĶġ
ҽһЩȻ֪ݣſǡӢĶġѧ֮ˡ
һ̾飡
ʲô飿ѧʡ
ѧͮѧձѧʱʶġ
ʱͮĸȥձѧϰѼȫˣҲҵձ飬ʶѧ
ѧ׷ģѧһѾʮǰһѧһŮ
ŮҪҹͺѣټŮҪչˡͮЩһֱǴڼӵġ
ⱾӢĶġҿˣʺѧӢģȻˣҪиʦ̷СվȥòͲ¶౳ѧ
ﲻѾһͮ⡣
ⱾҪԼűѧһҪдһƪ£ٴȥⱾ顣
ôãͮ⡣
У¥ǸвŻˡѧҺһѡ
һлġͮ
ڶ졣
ڶ¥ʱ²ݷ
أʵ
ȥˡ²˵ţʹͷƿó׽һ¹ĹͣԭĹͽϿ磬ˣܳˡ
ݷ̫ãˮһˣ̫ðѷ˻ѳԡ
˵ţˡ
һһͰһֿŸӣмӡ
ʲôͰ￴һۣƼͰ㡣
㣬ȥѧУʦԡ˷ܵ
óȥƽѧڴ
պζܺãӾ͸˵ˡ˳Թ·װľͰ͸š
ɡְľͰ˹Ȼһ·;زС
ľͰʵأľͰľͰˮǳء
ȻѾˣȴƲǿ׳ľͰһСλУ߰СʱеΪˡ
ɡ״æ
֣ôصľͰࣿ
ֻûлư
Ȼ̫ãһưûУֻ˻֣˻֡
ߵѧУֻ첲ѾԼˡ
е̫ˡ
ִûʲôϵֻҪ󲡣ꡣ
岻ܲǰȥ
ĥţԼҪúһС


79 
ֵҵ, ڳѧſڿһư
ľͰȥ, Լں, Լ˫֡
ǵƽѧʱƽѧѾˡ
ſڵȳͷڸˮСѾڸסУѧ, ڷأ⣬кܶѧڶ顣
ЩѧĶӢģƽѧôһӵѧУøߴҲƲסе
, ǽȥɡľͰȥ
ʦ磡
ʦã
һȥ, Щѧͷ׷к
Ҳ硣Ц
񿴵Щѧʦ, ɣûһʼôˡ
ǰʳãȻȥҰ칫ɡ
˵ͷ
ѴڷСѾ, Ȼʹ˽ʦ칫ҡ
ѧУѧˣ칫ʦǶûյġ
ԼøԼ˸ѧĹƵԼİ칫ࡪİ칫ͦ, Ҳ¡
Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
ȥˡ첻Ǹ㲼ҵ˰ɡ
ȷʵõҵ, ô˵óӺǦʾд
ƼǦʣûиֱʣԼһֱ֧ʸд
һʦ½½ˡ
һǾͷ׷׸к
ʦ˵㣬ˡ
ʢԵ̣ҳԹķˣرóԣ
ʦŮʿ˲ʵ˲á
κͤҲŮʿ㾡ܰƽѧԼļңþ
ûԼűˣֻû˵Լĸ˭ѣЩ˶Ůʿ
ûôй˲ڼˣ֪Ҫôػ
͵磬ҳԡ
ʢǵһͬģãţҲ׷׵л
ǾӣҶܹ֮Ҳûȥ˵Ӳڡ
οҶбҪ
񱾾һڸкˣû˵Ĵڸо͸ˣһֱͷҵͦ˵ġ
ܿͰ첼õҵдˣѾûôˣѧǶȥϿˣ͵Ҵȥߡ
񣬰˸ȥʢϿεĽң档
ܲӦʢԿʱ˶Ӳˣʢʲôû˵ҲֵغܵҲ
һùĿΡ
ĿóȻȥ϶ģĿβһ
ֻܶʶܹöġ
һÿΣԺпգȥΡ
ͣȥѧУǲܵģѧУȴûϵ
ѧʲôҲʶ
ллһ
Ůȥ飬֪жĽû뵽ԼȻҲܶ顣
ƽѧڿΣʢڹĿΣ εʱȥ˳
Ȼ磬ѧУʦȥʳõʱ򣬾Ϳɫζȫĺüˡ
¼ǰҲǴ˼ңɹֵʳĲ٣ʲôģƵĳ˼ˣȲЩСѾȣȴһһ¡
Ǵ㣬СѾ׼⣬һַⰾ⣬ʣµһгɱƬҶһĩȻʮµĵ
⣬һ˻
⼸˶ͦ򵥣ζܺãġ
ʦǴĲˣõģһҹ֮÷СѾһ¡˻ãʲôЩز˵ĵ࣬ʵĺܡ
ľͲһˡ
СѾҶЩŹ󵽷ƲųĲ˻̵̱ģž˾úóԡ
ĸ׵յ治κͤ佱ʦҲ׷׿佱
ҪϲԺÿ춼ˡʦûаѼ˴ѧУģҲôˣȻκͤ˵ûϵ˻
аҲûˡ
ô˼ʢæô˵ڴ
Ҳ˳ֵ顭ڼҲҪġ
˵Щϲ
ӴһЩˣȻû
磬ȥˣεʱ򣬾͸СѾһ
СѾǳ𾴣ĸף͸ˣһػɣϴ֮࣬ǲմ֡
Ҳˡ
СѾҲ֪ԼĲ˲óԣҪˣǲŵģвˢЩˡ
ѧǰְˡκͤ˻ʳѣѧУԷģСѾͰˡ
ҲûģҶ˼ֳ˸ݫƬ
ѧʱκͤһ߽ʳãͿѾѲ˶ˡ
ĸ׵ãκͤ˿žͺóԣ
κУϲԺĲˣҲܳ
ô˼κͤͻȻ뵽ʲôҪԺҲ߳ԣѧ԰ý߳˷ٻؼңʡǻؼһҪ
òϣκͤ˵Ǹ÷ӡ
ЩӵĲˣʵܿ죬׷Ҫʱģǻؼ֮϶Ҫܳϡ
ʱĸ׳ҳǮǿһԡκֵͤȻɬд˼ƪ֮󣬳ԷǮеġ
룬Ӧֻǻʳѿ϶ȫκͤʱӾˡ
˵֮κͤȥ²೴
񵽵ûж೴ֻһһһ㡣
죬һƽѧԹŻؼҡ
ؼҵ·ϣ²һ˵˵Ǹظоܸˡ
ѧϰʱ񻹱һʫ²
²ûʫ̣Ҳؽ
һ̵棬һѧ棬û˵ʫʵʢģʵһ㡣
һڵģңڸֱ̰Ť
̰û֡
̫æˣûȥܵܵܵС˼
ڹʱЩƭȥŷ޵Ļ͹ǶôңҲӣΪֲͬͱ޶˴
ⶼΪǵĹ̫
һֱԼĹҵǿ
ҽһʼѧҽֻŪԼΪʲôϲˣѧˣȴϲҽ
ңҽݣĸܶ෽㡣
˶Ըҽá
ҪҽԺϢųȥвԸͶʣ룬мϺǩ˺ͬ
ĹϵִһЩ
̰æѾˣæ꣬˵٣ҽּ˸ӹ
ҿ̰
һ۵ʱ򿴵С˵ϰߡ
ľС˵⣬ҵС˵Ҳϲд̫ˡ
֮ǰƪӣ֮ǻۣͲ֪дʲô
һƪӣдҵķ׺ˣ˳Ϊ漣һº˰
֪Լҩʲôʿ˵ȥʲѣҲ˵ʲô
ҲʱҵҽҽеԼİ칫ң㿴ҵĲ顣
ҿϰŵһŷʼ˵дòã
ҽ֪ҰԼˣɴʱԺдõĺֽëī֭дд
ҴһӣдһЩ
ҽ۹ģ̾ʶҵֺܺãɴ˺õıīд
дˣֲ⣬ΪλƳë֡Ͼĩʼұ㿪ʼѧøֱʣˣ˾ӦҪѺַϳ
ҽ˵ǴͳĻ˵дôãһǴСѧģļҾ벻ԴְҼˡ
ͳĻˡ
̰һƪ֪ЩᳫȫˣǻȻˣӦҲкܶ˻֧ҡ
ֽ϶Ҫ
Ӧò⡭ֵǵҩǣ˫յС˵Ҳһ㲻ںôܻ˵
Ͳ֪ĸдʲô
̰ؿȻͺһʶ˵ԡ
Ҳ֪ʲôȥ²ӦһŵӰ豸
̶̰꣬䣬Ѿණ
С˵һ׮׮һдĶǷ˼飬̰˺ܶ࣬Ѿϰˡ
ֻǣϰߣһڵʱ򣬻ǽסˡ
ʵҲ㲻ʲôڣǸҽ๤裬ŷöӽ飬ҽԺ๤ҲΪ˷ƻ顣
̰·𿴵Լĸס
С˵֪£Ȱλĸ׷ſģȻλĸ׵ܷſģ˵ǰҪҿ϶ͷˣôˣ˵ŮѣѶû̸ϰһ˵ܲ𣿡
Ůѵ˼֪ģ֮ǰЩʿ˵ֻǡҽеİɣѣ
ֵ֣ʮˣô֪ҪҶأ֮ǰһΪϲˡ
ϲˣҳԾ
ôˣǴʡ
ϲӣΥ׳
ʲôΥ׳浱ԼڹŴ˸˶ܽˡһۡ
Ŀɿڴ
ȥ˲ѣȻͱ֪˺ܽ飬Ů˺ŮҲܽ顣
Ҫӣ崫ָΣ
ӣ˺Ů˽ҲûӰ˼ӹʲô£Ҳһۡ
ҵ羪κһ㡣
ô벻ʱˣȻ
Ϸ飬ģҶ֪棬ҲýӣӺ
ʱˣôأ
Һƣ̰ȴ˼ƽ
֪дӦֻΪְƽȣܷϣڵ⸴ӡ
һģһʱ
ͲòҴԼҲһ¡
ҴļңأʱҲԼ벻ȥ
ֳһõĸǳãһֱǵԼʱһҵĸ롣
ʵҪһԼļҡ
̰ͻȻ
ҲԣΪһδŬ


80 
ڰⱾ, ǽִġ
ʵִˣж, кܶ಻ƽ, ûд
ĲǼʵѧʱ˵ǸƻС˵С˵, ˣȻôдôдˡ
οô⣬ΪβʱһЩõ
, дġڰִҲԵøá
Щ߿Ƽ
дʱ, ҵĽǶȥ, дһЩı䡣
ϾҪȫдһ˻عͷС˵Ե̫ˡ
, ÿ춼ȥѧУ
ѧУܰÿ͸ѧУȻİ칫ǰõҵȥڿ, ȻͿʼ緹
緹ǺѧУʦһԵģ֮, һЩ֪ʶȻԼѧϰһ£ȥڿΣ߿顣
ѧʱ鱾ȥСѾ
һʼΣֻĿΣҲȥ˱ĿΣ⣬Ҳǹġ
Ҳʶ
ʱôʮ졣
ѾӦƽѧˡ
ĸףƽѧѧǳѧУʦ֪¥ĸףȻҲܾء
غ;أǰûиܹģغ;أ˼ٱֵηˡ
ЩѧܹЩѧʦ֮
˼˺ԼʦһʼôӦӦһֻ֪ͷ뿪Ҷôأ̬ҲƽˣԼӦñֵʦһ㣬һѧѧУʦ̧ͷ·һ棬Ŭѧϰ
ͣѧУĺһʲôѧѣҲˣѧѧ֪֮ʶҲѧúԸɴרѧģֿʼӢġ
ļȻ²ãԸ¿๦ԸȥȥǣѧӢĵҲѧûģһ㡣
ȻˣûѧʲôջᱳӢĸ˵My name is zhuwanwan
ɼˣҲۿɼı仯
ʵ˼Ůˣʵ˼ˡԹֽ񼸸ʣͬʱǳ͸ıʼǱϡ
׼һѧӢĵıʼǱ̹ĵʺ;ӣдʼǱϣ񷴸д
ȫӱ߰칦Ѿʶ26ĸʮʡ
ֽʼʣһ߳һĲ׼ʱ
ѧһҪϿˡ
⼸죬ĿһڲģҪȥϿΣѧϰıӣ͸ȥϿˡ
ԼӢĿϣվɽ˺ܶ飬죬ʷһװȥĺˣ˱ȥ·й͹
ҪֻаԼǿ󣬲лȨܽᣬȻŰѧһƪдĸũйصӢĶġ
ע⵽ȻʶĵʣǺڸŶ
һû
ſϣ֮ǰµú棬ʱȴһ䶼
Ѿöˡ̰֮󣬸һֱӡ
֮ǰæչ񣬹˲е䱾ˡ
ƼһĻе㲻˵ġ
ִƢûʲôʱôѧԱȣҲͲôϲˡ
ѧϰӦΪԼѧġ
ֻǣ㲻ˣ⵽Լѧ
¿εʱҰ칫һˡ
λ˰칫ңһֻͷ칫ҵݶǾݶʲôһ

ˣƢãСӼƽϡóӷڰ칫ϣĸѡ
ˣʲô
ĸѡóһ¿ǵĿͻῪʼۣ濯㷭ġĴָ
¿־ΪҪӱԵʣʱԤƵ˺ܶ࣬ڣĵһڳˡ
һڵĽ¿ܺҲܷḻ
£нС£һƪϳʷºһܹŴĹ£ж衢աϷһЩȤĲ廭󣬸һԹͯĴָ
ΪִˣݿɶԺǿ˵ʱˡ
ˣֱ˿ӡһݣ죬һݵĽ¿ҪϺԼϺܱߵУݺˡ
Ϻıֽܶ඼ںͬʱģڱѾˣǵĽ¿ȻҲ
Ž¿飬ʱϵëǮȴͨ죺ҡҡҵĸѣ
ǵġٴο϶ġСŮһڵĽ¿Ͽǡ
κģСǱ¿Ŀ¼ҳͷдšĴָԭͽ븵
Ĺ£ǳˣ
æ󣬿ԼòС
֮ǰȷʵ˵ҪǣûϢˣΪƭģԭǣ
ϵЦԽԽ󣬶޲ñһˡ
ûȥˣ׼½ڿΡ
ܣ˼ܻϵëǮ
Ȼ㻨Ǯ٣СӻˣǲëǮġ
ëǮһԼ׬ģ
ǮζỨģҪûȥղղһҪõӡôҲҪ̴ľĲС
磬ʦȥ칫ʲôһصңСܵĵʵ
ҷС˵ǳˣ
ڷµ飬Щͬѧ֪ģԶܺ棺磬ҿ
ðУҪؼװҪǿ
Сܣװ
Ҳ֪ܲװֻ֪Լ᲻ÿ
ֱ½ڿϿΣѹ
ȻͻȻһ¡
Դӵ֪̰ʶͲʹˣȻѧӢģû롶ͽͯ
ڣܹŷ¶ѡ
⡭Ҫ̫С˵ñ˷С˵ô죿
УһҪкķ룡
һʱ˶
֮£˾͵ˡ
¿ʦдĹ£ͬʦõֻ֮˵ҪûؼҸԼĶŮ
κͤҲõһ˷ҸŮĻȥ
ʢԡûȥҰֿɣ
ЦЦֱӰԼǱ
ڵˮƽѾܿⱾ¿ˡ
ѧȥ²񣬶ֱȥ籨ˡ
Щӱֺã̰㻨ǮҲͱȽ϶࣬кüǮǮȫó籨ˡ
ĺϢһҪԼĸ׵ģ
Ҫļݽ¿Լĸף
˳籨֣֮ͻȻʶһ¡
籨˼˷ñȥģ˽¿ȥҲܸ߱ġ


81 
Լû취ԼĸڼһԼ, ͦơ
Ƶʱ䲢
Ĺ±ǳˣô˸˵, Ʋ
ظҵʱ, ̰ڡ
ЩӸ̰æʱڼҡͲԹ, ͻԼķ䡣
ëԼɾȻó¿棬ϸؿ
¿ķϣд¥ʢԣ֮, һĹ£һЩýζġ
û뵽ʦд£û뵽УĻôãû뵽ʢʦдĹҲ
Ȼ, ˼Ĺ, ϶ǡĴָ
ã¿Уһкܶ˻ᱻдס
ڴȴ֪ʱ, ʵڱԹ¿ݿ⡣
ѧУѧĩǮ˵ҪǶһʲô¿ڶȥˣôûƼ飿ѧУһѧĸ׶ԼĶӵ
Ҳ֪Ǹѧ
ǲƭ˵ģ׷ǳʲô¿, һҪһǮһµĹҲʮǮ
ѧĸҲǰû¿֣ǲС, ѧУǴͷ׬Ǯˣ
ѧĸĸһһ¿˵һͨһһǮ
飬ֻǼҷˣҲǽеɡ
κͤϵһЩѧУ˶Ľ¿ѧǮˣ⿯ٳûЩѧļҳȻġ
ڶ졣
Ĵڱϣп¥ġ˼ǡ
һ磬кܶ˽סͯ˱ֽоͰ
űֽѧУһ¾ǿġ˼ǡ
һݾɱֽһʶⱨֻֽӸǡ
ȻˣǱӲΪΪ˵ó档
˯ӡֵıֽ棬еƮƮȻϧһʶ
Ϊһ·ߵʯ϶飬͵͵߹ȥ
ӾȻöһ飬顣
ǽ¿¥ʢģкܶ£ǰǳ£滹йⷭͯǳÿӸ߶һºͯͯǹдģСĴָһĴָСŮӵա
ȣϣĴָСˣ
ҲеġǺӵ
˾ôһ
£ЩãȻ
¥ԼдԼһ¿
⵽ʲô
СĴָȻֻж̶̼˵žȤе뿴
֣һͬѧ쿴ڱз죬н¿Ĺ棬¥һ˸־¿С
зȻҵôһ档
͵վ
ôˣͬѧǡ
ȥ¿ü𣿡ʡ
ˡͬѧǾҪϿˡ
ִֹĲӾҲܶ棬Ѿ˾ռˡ

ԼԼıΪδżδ
ԭôɣ
һЩ˶¥¥ڡ˼ǡҲддǵĲƷˣ
ʱδϵǹԡ˼ǡĹ棬һ㶼ų⣬ͦ档Ͼһ㲢ͻأҿ֮󡭡Ƕȥ򱾽¿ˡ
ǽ¿һܺÿ
ڱˣ϶桱ˡ
̰֮һ
Ҫԣܲܺչ̫æˣûȥ
ԼĶһҪϺ
ѵпգ̰óԼ˶Ĵڱÿ档
־飬˵־ˡ
ȥ򼸷ݽ¿̰Լֵ¿ģӦ֧һ¡
Ӧһͳȥˣûһһʮ¿
ôô̰ࣿʡ
٣ҾǰǼҵȫˡ̫ҪҪȥˣãȻ
ˡ̰һ
ֺһЦԼʵ̫ˣ
´μӦð¸
Ȿ¿£дģȫѡģñ˵֮ͬһЩִϵ޸ġһЩӱȽĴĳ˸򵥵ġ
ϱдľǶͯѧ۹⻹ǺܲģѡĹȫܺãͨ׶
̰֮ȿĲЩ£ǡⱾȻ˱㣡
ᳫʹñˣôģҪôãһֱ־Щӡˢʱǲñġ
ڣⱾ¿˱㡣
Ҳ֪κͤ⣬⡭̰һʶڵĳҵҪһ
̰ȥ
¿ӦǸӿģִõĶǳ򵥣ܰ׻ر⣬ͬģҲ˼
˵¡̰ãֻҪ£Ȼ⼸÷ڱ£Ҳдúܺãиĵ
һЩСϷʲôģǳȤζ
̰ܿ죬ûþͿȻͿˡĴָ
ԭģȥ룬̾ͷЩϸ΢Ĳ׼ȷӰĶŸ˼ĴָҲûˡ
ܾܵڲͬ
̰µʱ򣬾ע⵽ǸдˣڿˣȻиķ
Щûؼңҵ鷿ʣµĸ̰
ȴ֪Ҫôϲ
̰һֱڹ⣬⡶¿γԾҲͲ֪һЩ˽¿ˣѾˡ
𵩴ѧһϣ¿û򵽣ϰ˵ַ֮󣬵飬ϰͻͣѡ
һ磬Ļˡ
һԻƷǳӭûƽ
춼ʲô飿һʵ
ƱһЩ
¿һʵ֮ǰû
һû¿ţ⡰֣ݿˡ
ڣһ¿ճ˵һڡưѽ¿ó¥ģ
¥ģһ۾һ¥֮ǰġӢĶġһܺõ飬Ľ¿Ҳ
һ˵ţͷ¿
ݿҪ˵رǿѧǿ϶ûеģĹ¶쳣ļֱס
ֻҪ۹ˣһݺÿ
ڵĿﲻ٣ӣרŸӿĻûУרдӿ飬ҲǺٵġ
ݽ¿ǳ׶н壬Ӷٺʲ
ȻһϲȵģݿݣݿﾹȻ˱㣡
һԼĺӵѧϰڽ̵Ӷʱ򣬶ظӽִʵ˼ˣӿ飬Ͼúӿʱⲻˡ
ˣ׵ĺ˵ҲЩ
Ȿ¿
飡һ֣ݣ㡭еСѧÿģ
ʱ飬ûһô˭ȡ
һֵҪ򼸱ˡɣҸȥһˣȥ򲻵
ڣ־ǽ࣬㲻õġƸһǵꡣ

ڣ˼֮ǰǵǵʣµĽ¿ȫˡϰǸ⡣
ǲȱʶˡȥ𴦿һ
һڱ˽¿ոǮ˴ʣ¿𣿡
¿УԼдġ˼ǡ˹棬걨űĴϴ˹档
ôһ桭ϺЩˣһ뿴ˡ
Щܶ඼ԸȥݸӿĿġ
ˡ
¿ĺ䶯֮ǰϣ±
ϣ±ϵĹٺÿҲֻһ¶ѣ¿һ漣
֣άڿڱʱ򣬿¿Ϣġ
¿Ǹӿģ֧뷨һһ
һʱĿ
ҾڵĿӦ¿ѧϰʹñ㣡
ⱾǸӿģҲÿ

֣άºͬѧȻȫؽһӿĿ￴ˣ̾ѡ
Ȼˣģ֣άµͬѧǡ
ѧУ
һ磬ʢԾ˰ѳѧУѧĵĽ¿ѧУȻѧУʦֺܿ콫֮ѧУѧ
ʱѧ˽̿飬ûʲôġ
õ¿̾Ϳ
ʱûƴѧһͿʼѧ֣һ꼶ѧѾʶˣ꼶ѧʶ˵¿Ѿû⡣
ȻˣЩ飬úûѿαϵȫˣ϶ǿģЩҲᶩ¿
һ꼶ĺӣû˶һ
õˣǿöġ
һˡ
²İ༶һʮ˶˽¿оͰ²ͬܿ
⼸Ѿѡѧ͡ҽˣڰҲˣЩ飬˿顣
ƫƫ飬ܶ඼˵ġ
˵ڿġϴһ㶼ϲ
¿ˣշʱ²ҰҪģһ㶼붩ȫǴȰ˺úöġʲôлƽݣ񡭡Լ񣡡
²ЦʵҲһġ㲻ȿ
ðɡܿ顣
ȻܿŴ£һֻˣ
ѧ飬ܿܿͣϲĻǸ򵥵һĹ£˵ǰĽ¿ϵĹ¡
һ£رÿ
ܿ˺Щ֮󣬲²񣺡ҶˡҪҪһ𿴣˵ţͰŵм䡣
ãҲС²óһ¿ҼҶˡ
ʵҶˣģ
뵽һ㣬²Щ⡣
ͬѧ
ͬѧ֪¥ѾˣǻῴͣҪ֪¥
²С۵ز߱ˡ
Ǹ㶩İɣãܿ
ܿʮ꣬ⲢӰ²ĸкøУʵĺøУҲֻ²ĸеģϲѧУＸѧ
ȻˣЩŮ£κˡ
ҸҶģҸ˺ܶҿ²¶Ц
ãҸҶ黨ǮءһŮҶѧھͲˡ

˵ˣܽҿ𣿡Сʡ
²󷽵ذԼ˳ȥȻϧؿ
Ҹ˵ⱾǲҪͷβȿġĴָɣرÿر˼һŮͻȻĴָôСˣȤ
Ҳ
Ҳ
Ů׷ȥ
ǹĹ£ÿ
Ȼᷭ룡
֪ڵĽ¿ϣûĹ¡

²ǵۣˡ
Ǹѧûʲôģ
Ϻĳ־ı༭
¥ұģһʿ̾дС˵־ܿǵġ
༭һ˵ڽ¿õı㣬һǳʣҾǵ־Ҳı㣡
ҲãҪƹĻӦƹ㣡
¥Ҳ֪Ǻηʥúģ
ڱǱ߰˲ص̫ʵˣ
ע⵽ûУ־κͤд£Ļ¥κͤʶ
κͤӦʶģ¿֮ǰμɳʱ˵˵вιɡ
ǿһ¥

¿ϺúãںݣҲһüá
˽¿ˣݿ࣬ǷǳģѾǳ¥
ͬʱҲע⵽µߣ롣
ΪĴָ±ĹĸȤǶԸĹעʤʦ
Ƕ渵˭ȴ֪ѧУš
Ϸǳ˷ܣѽ¿ػؿ˺ü֮ȥһ㡶ʵ۵¡
֪˯ˣһ˯Ͼ˯ͷˡ
Ҵҵسţȥ¿ַԼûǮ
ǰ϶ؼǮ˽¿ȥѧУͬ
ӢĿδҪÿ춼ȥѧУҪ鲻棬ԺҪĸô죿
Ϊ˲ٵֻȲ¿ɿȥѧУ
֮ǰӦҪͬѧ¿ƫΪԭûɡЩ˼ҺõѧУ֮󣬾͵֪ѧУÿҵĶǣһ¿
ʦġѧУʦã
Լͬѧһһ¿һǾͲӢˣҸǶ¿ǸĹͯ
ͬѧ磬֮ǰʱǽˣ
ʵǰЩûĹ¸Ȥ
ȻҪĴָ
ĴָʱҲڸСѾĴָ
һΣȻСѾһ£ģͰ¸ˡ
˼СѾ۾ģܶãҺӳˣһ飡
ʵԼҲԶڶ㣬ԺܽĺӡҪҪѧ֣


82 ׬Ǯ
, ѧ֣СѾҲ;ܾˡ
Ҳֶѣ˭ѧ˭ѧģ˷, ҵһһ㿴, ־һһĵһ򵥰ɣ
⵱ȻǼ򵥵, СѾͷ
һһᣬᣬᡭ˷СѾ֡
ľĺ᣿СѾʣȻ֣, ϾµطҲԼҵļѼмֻ
, дҪһ㡣һľ, дһġȻд˺ü飺Ҳѧ̫ѵģѧʶͺˣЩѧ, ܼˡ
ѧУʦǻԱСѾһȴĸо
ֻ, СѾԼӣ뵽ǰ
ǰСѾʵûʲô
̵ĸֺܼ򵥡
СѾĶ, ԼΪþģЩӽȻͬİװֵСȥϵ֡
㺢ӳˣʶ֣һܽ
ʲô˼СѾʡ

ѧ֣ƼиųУſǻ֡
ҵȳͷȥé˲ڣСѾʣ˭¶
ʢԵѣ˵
ʢʦ档СѾ˿ţָ˸ȻͿ˷ɿسָķȥ
ˣȻҲܡСѾ̾
ͷֻж˲Ŵܵطɿ죬ˡ
칫д˼ǡ
˼ǡ£ǴдһģΪ£ԽϺỷײյʲôģȫд
ҪоʷС˵֡
˶ͯ˽ĵ̫٣деƿˡ
ãԼҪһȥ˽һЩӲС
뵽뵽ԼһĶߡ
һֱкܶ߸дţ֮һ
յźܶ࣬ûһһȥҲûôעţֱ˵˺ܶ˶ͯҪô죬ע⵽С
Ĳչʮʮ¶û⣬̫࣬Ͳ֪ôˣƫƫͷ˵ĺӲ
ңʵеĹ¶дĶһޱȹɣʵϣЩڹ֮Ӵ಻ôϲ
ϿŵģʱͽŷŽԼİڣдһš
ҪȥЩӣԣܼ顣
ôţʱЩ֪±ʵġ˼ǡóֽʼдš
дһִвݣ¥ȴдһЩĿ飬һֶ˶ġ
дŲд֮ͽŷŽŷ⣬Ʊ
£Ϳ˳ǵİ칫ҡ
ʢԣ㾹Ȼ˼飡һ͵
ҲĽ¿ٵģ黹Ҫ̵ġʢԵôˣ¿òã
ʲôòãĽ¿ˣ˵ôֻӡһ᣿ӡһҲˣһǧѾ˳ȥʣµľǧǧȥݣǧȥݣϺģǲǧᡭﹻ㲻֪ϺԽԽ׼۶ԽԽˣ
ʢЩãȻˣ
ȻʢԾԼĽ¿ǳãһĹ⣬ʵеϡ
ԣˣ˵Ҳ룬¥ʲôˣϺ˵Ķߣ־ܲСҲãȻҵôһ㡣
ʢԻе㲻š
ֵȥӡҿͼӡˡ־ǹҲģ·˵ܰȥ
ʢһͻȻҲΰɣ
ҡͷǡ
һ㶼ֽ¿ôãǵҳģôһ϶ԸԼŮġ
Ǹʢµˣע⵽Ĵڡ
ӣͦˬһЦСѣѧɣôûȥϿΣ
ʢԣϲ̣¥
ʢԸǸϲָ̽ϲ̣ǲɽġ
걨ĴֽԼķܶСûУһǶǽֽ߿ｻñġ
ûὫ֮˻أˣʹгɡ
ʢǰֽϺˣǰ죬εĽ¿Ҳȥ
áЦ
¥ɽˡ
Ϊʹ˶ôӦ޴ı仯Եʣ̳ܼܶˡ
ˣҲԵ̫һЩ
ûм֮ǰһֱΪ¥Ƕʮ߰ˡ
ǵġӦˡ
˼ģɽͰѽ¿˵ˡ
⿯˺ӵļͥõϵģĺӿˣŸСĺӿر㣬˺ܶ࣬Ժʢԣ챨ֽô꣬ηˣɽ
ʢԺЩ
¿̯ɱÿͭԪۼһëĻһ򱾣ԼĪ׬ٸԪǰӡˢһ򱾵ĳɱġ
ӡ򱾲ڳɱ͵£ÿ׬ǧԪϣȥɽķֳɣκͤķֺ죬һ߰Ԫķֺ졣
⣬ڽ¿ûпκι¡
ÿ¶ǮġʢԵ
ͻȻ׬ٸ㲻ϡ棬ÿ¶׬ٸ󣬾ѵˣ
ѾҵӡùǮˣ̫ȴҲ
ٶȥҪ˼£ˡ
ΧϢں˽⵽ʱϺز׬Ͷʡ
׬Ǯȥӡȥܶ˵򣡡ɽ
ѾѧˣʢԽûΣվŲɽߡ
ܿҲ뿪
ȽԼͶͲȻȥ˳ѧУ²
²ʱ򣬸̰ͷϣӵ˴ձĻӢ
ձʱѾԵ¹սռ¹ɽĵ̺Ȩ
Ѿ¶ֻҰġ
Ϊ֮ǰǿȫձɹһȻù˲û˵ľʱձȫսҲȷʵжʮ֮á
ʱںܶƷձڣձΪܶ׬ǮŷӽԼĹ塭
Ӣһֱ֪ģȥձĹˣһǧһԸ⡣
Σձٻ취Ū˼ˣձЩ֡


83 ϰ
Ⱳ, ľӢһ´͵ɫЩѿ
һγʱ, , ΪһϴͿʼδ
ǳܣƫƫܲõչˡǳ˲, ǵﵱʱǲԸģһ·ֻ֪ͣĸ׺ĸס
磬ˡ̰
ࡣӢ̰ЦһҲǳ˲ټʶձףЩ, ֽȻͬ
ӢλԼҵ̴ûи֪, ȻҲû˸̰͵, ˾һ̰ס
һ·ϣӢԼձţһ˵ջ˵ˣ˸ܽ᣺ձǱߺܶ๤ʼ, ӦþΪǹҵˡ
š̰ͷüͷ΢塣
Ӣֵ̰Ǳߴʱ䲻ôʱ䡭ܾǸҵ, ǲ⡣
̰ԿЦĸҶǻˣ
ҲǡӢЦһ
ܶҶڱŷӴǵĹǮȷʵֹձһ
˵, ˵ѧǿЩѧʵΪ׽ǵĹԱ͸Ķ˲ţĻԡ
˵ҵʱ򣬸û
̰ԸһȥȻ͸Ӣ˵ЩϺ߷飬ֵ磬ϣԺϺҡ
ӢҲ͵ɣʵǱߴҲʹ죬ҸǮҿţǧټҵǮ
̰֪Ӣ˵Ĳ滰
ӢǵĸǵٵģλȨأʲôʲôһ·ͨϺ϶ûôˡ
磬л
лʲôлӢ
˵ţˡ
ѧû򵽽¿ѾʧˣؼҿԼĶҲڡ
ᡣ
ƫƫʱ򣬻ӢһЦҪס죬ǲǺܸˣ
һ㶼ˡ
ѧУʳãƽԵĲ˶ǳģҲͬ
գϾһţ⣬кյļᣬֻмǷǳӵģľ˲֪١
Ӣ֮ǰһֱڴϣԵܹ鲻ãʱθڴ󿪣̰Ҳ˲٣ҲǸЩʳ֪ζ
ȻˣΪ˲Լţǳ˲ţġ
ţˣ
ԹͻԼķ䣬Ȼ󡭡˺һмʮĽ¿
ҷĽ¿ģʼӶˡ
ġӶ˵
ԭ֪̰ʶ֮󣬸ԼҲԹԵġ
ڿô¿Ǻܺõġ
ϲ̵Լװ¿ѧУ͸ͬѧ
Ӣ˵ҪڸҶס죬ƭģʵϣڶһ뿪ˡ
кܶҪ
ҪҩҪ͵͵ؽӹ⡰ڡֶҲ£и¶ԺҪ졣
ѾôҪˣȻûǹԼĵܵܵĸ
ԼֽܵܵӢһԼܵʱĽչ
ȥһƽѧΣĽ¿Уٻһ˼ʮֵ
Ӣʡ
ֵʵǽ¿ġ
⿴ˣֱǮֽ̰Ҳ̫ˣΡҲֻ˽¿Ӣ
ΪȻ
̰Լ׾ˣҲ֡ӢȥŵûʲôҪģʱһ̰ҾͲˡ
ǻȻԻܻͣԻͶû֪̰ݣǲԸñ֪ġ
û֪̰ݵĻҳ£Ҳ۵̰ã
ڻϺҲΪ˱
ڣ֪ϻĴӺͶӷǳɫû֪̰ĴڣСһҲѾûˡ
д˵ҲŪˡ
ԭ򣬸̰飬ӢҲ֣±¶Լ͸̰Ĺϵ
ӢȥҪĶȷʵҪĶ
ӡ
¿ӡ飬ȫʢܣڶʢæûϿΣڡ
֪ҪôģڹĿθɴ౻ĳĿΣһЩдɣЩӻͦϲ
죬ˡ
һԹͣͳˡ
ȥ˷֣Ҳ֮ǰⷿʱҵλн顣
ϺһҪס˵ĵַȫñӼµϰߣҲǱģҪȻѵַˣ»鷳õ绰ˣ޼
żµĵַּеʱ򣬷ֻû𴲣иӶ˰дˡ
һһӶݵŨŨĺ裬˷֡
ǡͼһΣѾȥ²˵ڵģ˺ܴı仯һʱЩϲ
ϴε˵ˣֲϳţְԼҪӵ˵ˡ
ķӹúܣһҲûҪӣҪȵȡֵ
Ǯе㲻֣żһʮ֧̣⣬кʵķӣƽѧ֪ͨ
ӷ뿪ȥ˴ڱ༭˼ǡĸӡ
ڱ༭ǳ֣˶˼˵װһ£һٻԼİ칫ҡ
սȥͱС쵽ٻİ칫ҡ
Լ޸ĹûܳĸӸٻ
Դ֪ڱרŵĳдԱͲԼܳˣд޸Ĺֱ֮ڱ༭ڱ֮߰ܳὫԭ廹һݳдõĸӸ
ˡٻѾȫûгļˣ͸õһˣԺ󶨸ʱ䣬ȥþˡ
Ǿ鷳ܱˡ룬Ӧ
ȱʱ䣬ʡһǺ¡
ٻ࣬ڵĻʳӦúܺá
Ҳǣڱڽߣٻ׬Ǯɲʲôʲô
ģ͸ˣȻȥ˳ϰһˡ
⼸£ϰ͹ݵһֱܺá֮󣬳ϰ尮о²ʽⷽ츳о
͹ݸʱܿһ²ˣˣһ͡
ϰܸͬˣԷ
֮ǰЩԱչɣѾûôˣϰ壬ʱе
ͦӵġ
󣬳ϰ֧С£һæ
㾡˵
鷳Ҷӡϰ
ϰĶȥѧ֮ĻһţȻ͸ϰʧȥϵˡ
ʱڵĵ籨չĻˣǷ籨ر󣬵籨ûչڼţǳ鷳ڳϰ徹ǸԼĶʧȥϵ
ҪŷǱụ̂ϰ㵣ģҲĲȥŷǱڴ̡
Դ֪Ϣϰľһֱڰţ䲻˵ء
˰ȥˣû·ʶҲе㱾ˡ
ӦҲ֪ģҲûгȥѧдȻʶһЩˣʶҲ࣬Ҳһҵˡ
û£ԸңѾмˡϰ
ӳϰ͹뿪ʱ򣬴ŵļ¼ַıʼǱ棬Ͷ˳ϰӵֻгϰ֮ǰϰдĵַ
Լûȥҵģκͤ͸̰Ŵһ¡
Ҫ鷳ҽˡĥҪ̰ѡ
ʱ̰մõϢ֪Ҫӡ
٣ķӿɲǮֲ࣬һʱ򲻵ʵġڸ̰߶
Ҷȥ̰ʡ
ֱһ
ҼǵҼߵķӣѾˣǮĵط࣬Գһס̰Ϊʲô˵Щĺܣˡ
һھҲٳĿ
ҪǣƷ㷢ʲôҲȻ
٣ȥֵ
ȵȡְ̰˽סˡ
٣
ԼС̰Ӣɲ٣ʱȥƽѧǱ߿
һһ絽ѧУ֮κͤκͤϰĶӡ
κͤһڴӦֵ㲻ʶ̰ʵҸ̰æȽϺãȻȥŷޣǱߴʱ䲢ʶҲ࣬ɸ̰ͬڹкܶѡ
ǴȥҸҽʡ
˾ô˵˸̰
κ̰ͤҲ֪ô£ԱߵҽԺѾʼˣȻûΡ
ʱķӶõͰ˵ҲҪڸػŪˮʲôģӣҲͻʲôʱ䣬Ѿʼڵػˡ
ЩӣǾṵ̂
ģ͵Ͽεʱ䡣
ҵʱ򣬾ͿԼĸѾˣѧӢıڿ
Ŀϵһ룬Һֶһˣҵĸ̰


84 ¿ķչ
ȻҪҸ̰, Ͽʱ䣬ܵѧΡ
Ÿ̰ЦЦ, Ȼͼ, ѧǶӢ
ҺܼªЩѧһҲ˵ģĵվڽ̨ϵĳڡ
̰潲ε, Լûôˡ
Ͳ󣬵ȴûʲôͦΣҲã˵ԽԽϲ, Ȼˣ͵, ò˼롣
ǡѧǡҽ, ֻڵġ˼ǡԿ˼룬ʱ˵˼벻ͬ
a-p-p-l-eappleԱͻȻһϸϸ
̰ŷ˸Լһڽ, ˡĸס
̰һӺ棬֮ǰȻûע⡣
ҷǳ󣬺ռҲں˵, ǲӰǰϿεġ
̣Ĳ׼̰, ʡ
˵˵ڽԼĸ׶飬û뵽ȻѾֹѧˣѧӢġ
лл㣬ҽ˸̰һۣЦЦǿŸ̰ģ֮ǰû˼к
л̰ˣעŵϡ
Ǻרģʣʼ˵ӢģܸܲϣᰴģŶ䡣
ĸ׵Ҳ̰̾һ
¿һ죬ͲˣѧҲõӢĶģǵ¶飬֮⣬ǰѧ£ҲҪÿ¶
ЩѧӦˣҺȥҽôˣ
̽ȡ̰
ѾڴػˣҪ˶ãܰѷӸЦ
㼪ˡ̰̿ʼѧӢˣ
ǵġѧú档
ѧò̫á񲻺˼ʹˣѧá
̣Ӣıȹĺѧһѧá̰ʶһλˣʮʱ־ѧӢģһӢľ˵úܺˡ
ôԾѡ
ѧ˷ġ̰ʼѧʱ򣬿ûѧôá
ԭһֱԼûţ̰ô˵
˼ʮˣһѧᣬʮ꣬ѧһ㣬ѧģ϶Ҳѧɣ
ҡ֣ԼʵǺܱǰѧ֣򵥵ĺܿѧˣڽ̷СѾ飬СѾɲ̫ᡣ
һʱʮ㡣
ҪȥʢԵĹĿΣܿ뿪ˣ̰ʱĽ¿ĺܳɹϲ㡣
Ҳǽҡ⿯ôãҪΪǰûйĿ
̫ǫˡ⿯ҿĺܺãõı˾ϲ̰⿯Ժѧкܴĺô
ҽҵĿûʲô飿
̰룬ݿ᲻ʲôи뷨İѧĵĿܲٳռ֪ʶĿ
һ
ִĺûۼ󣬿϶ҲǿͼƬʶġ
ʱĺӣ಻֪ʲô
⣬Բ֮ʱĹѾǳʶĶڹڣܶҲǲ֪ġ
ҪⷽĿϾÿ¶Ҫǵ֪ʶǲģ취дһռѧ֪ʶ顭ʮΪʲôľУʲô඼ܷŽȥ
⣬¿ԺԸһ㣬һЩ֪ⷽʶ
ֱӽԼ뷨̰˵ˡ
˾ôȻκͤҲ˸ʢԡ
¿úܺãǶ뽫øá
һģܿĵ磬ȷ˽¿Ŀ⣬Ҫм˰£ŪΪ༭顣
༭ȷƽѧԱߡ
̰ƽѧѧ¥ʱ򣬻˳ŽһСӣΪ¿ı༭
Ȼˣ򷿵Ǯ˿϶Ҫġ
ʱ䲻ˣ̰ҪһԷκܾͤˣĸѧѧϰ֮࣬ˣѧУ԰ɡ
̰Ȼû
̰Թ뿪ˣʢԵˣ򽫽¿ķչ³˳ֶ˵
Ǵˣһд֮Ĺһ򽻵¿ÿ²ųһڣҪ̫ˡ
ΪʲôҪһдԱԺ϶ֽ֮࣬ʱҪдַĿģʱûԼȥ
ʢæʱȴƽѧ¥дˣĵַƽѧ


85 ϴ
ѧصʱ, ͸¥дˣǼĵڱȥġ
ûָյš¥ÿ춼յܶ, ϶æ, ôпոţ
д˺ܶţȻ󡭡յ˻ţ
¥˵Ҫ
ڱдĵַѧУĵַ, ͼĵˣһѧУϿΣſţȻû취ѧϰˡ
¥˵ַȷʱ, ˵ǻò鷳¥, ȫȥ¥
еҪ¥, װʹѧУ٣뿪ѧУ
һͬ뿪ѧУģͬſŵ飬ͬ, ͬͬ¥С˵ĶߣҲˡ
˽һưƽѧϡ
¥ƽѧ𣿡ͬ褾
ҵĵַƽѧġӦƽѧʦϵĵַдƽѧ, ¥
˵ƽѧκͤ, ΪѧյٵԵʣʦ߹ʡ¥飬ʵǸ߷ڣ褾۾ġ
κͤ˵κǸܻǮģʡϺ˿ںܶ࣬ǮĲ࣬໥֮㲻ʶҲ˵ġ
κȻϺܶϺȻ֪κͤ͸ˡ
Ȼãĸÿáܼӡƺġ
ǰ褾
ҼǵͲ󣬻˵᲻ᡭ¥ʡ
褾һ㶣漴пܣ˵ΪǰͷӣһֱϽ顣
أĸп
褾еˣʵǰܼӣһֱڰʵ¡ҼһΣǴһ𡣡
ǰֲǮֲ̣ô˵ǰܼӣԼİ¥ĸš
СԽ˵Խ¥ӦþκͤƽѧûʲôҲͣ¥ģܲôСѧУﵱͨѧʦ
ʱѾƽѧ
ƽѧſڣֻȳͷڿţŷСѾĺӡ
Źȥ͵˼ã¥
¥ûĸ༶ģֶʶӲ鿴ȳͷʡ
Ӧʦ
ûнֵʦȳͷ
κͤ褾
κУκУأȳͷŴ򿪣ָ˸ط
褾̾ͽȥˣ˳ȳͷָķǰߡ
ƽѧĽʦ칫һͦҵģ褾ܿҵˣſ
˭ʦע⵽Сġ
κ褾
κͤд£̧ͷң
κͤʮ꣬һֱţļãϼûʲôµĺۼǳ˵ˣСɱǺܴġ
褾κ
褾һֱ¥С˵໥֮仹ۣ¥һЩ硰顱Ůԡ֮£¥ǵҲԽԽˡ
ǴȶͣһٲþͶԡ¥ġ
Ҫһֱ¥ûӴԺϲˣ϶ͰĶˣյţƽѧҼκͤ
κͤ˧ѧܶѧУΪȥӼֲȢޡ
˵ԽԽ죬֧Ų֪˵ʲôźãֻá¥Ȼһѧʶַ档
κͤӣüͷҸģ
κͤʶ褾ôʮ߰꣬ഺõŮԼ뵽Լס
һ飬ָ˽󣿻
κͤѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
褾ЩãȻҡҡͷǡдš
ûидšκͤüͷԽԽСô˵ĵһӦ˽֣˼Сдˡ
κͤһֱԸ飬һǲٳɥ֮ʹǲ۱ˡ
ѾʱڽϵģʱԼӹƶ϶ûչ˼ˣ˽飬Ǻ˱ˣ
οĸҵӣ϶ĸĸǲÿȰҵġ
дˣҴˡЩżš
ȷûдСؼȥɣκͤ˵ţͿóһ
ŷϵֺϤд¥
κͤ
κ褾ֻ۾ֱؿκͤ
κͤҲ¥Ҵˡ
褾ı鶼һ
Ҳڰ칫˸ƵʢԵߣʢ۽¿顣
褾ʱҲǿ˵ģȻ͸κͤһΪκͤһ
κͤȻӼˣĸĸδȢ޵ͷʱκҵκͤȰκͤȥ׷顣
û뵽ھȻ˼СﶼѧУˡ
̾ţͻ䡪Լģ
κͤ˵¥֮褾ˡ
ǽʱ򣬿칫ˣֻκͤ¥κͤǡ˳κͤĿ⿴ȥǾͿʢԡ
ʢΪ˰ý¿ܣеɹˣ˶褾еʧ
ʱվŵǺã¥
Ѿˡ
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ǰʳ඼Ϊڣͷǲ࣡
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ǵġյţ֪˶֮ͯ󣬾͸šЩӡܸо칫ʦĿⶼԼϡҪǲָͣǾҪ˼С뷨дŴˡ
ôô᣿褾ѿڶȻ֪κͤƭǣš
᲻𣿡Լ°͡
ᵱȻǺõģеǵϡ褾˵ʲôζ
һǿ϶ġǵ˼Ѿɢˡ
褾ЩԹؿκͤһֶۣᵱȻãôдôõƷʵ˾塣
Ҳ˵ͷ¥رϲ飡
ллǵĿءŮ˸ӣǼģЩ˶ͯ״
ǸլסŵĺѾʮˣһ붼вм˲ˣе㲻֪ҪôáܷǮԽԽĺӣҲЩ֪ǺáļǮԼٶڱ١
ܴȥ𣿡ʡ
д˼ǡ֮п¶Ժ뷨
ֻ֪ƾԼ϶ǿġȻеǮԶԶңͲκͤ˽ˣȹԼġ
ˣ뽫˼ǡдãԽԽע⵽ЩӣȻ˵¶Ժ
ʵѾصдˡ
û뵽ǣǱһ㷴ӦûУȴһЩ¶
Ȼԣ
룬ھ͹ȥ
áѾٳˣȥЩá
Ӧ֮Ȱʢȥһ²ȻʰһԼ칫ϵĶ߰ɡ
褾˵ͷȥ
˰칫ңκͤˣ褾һ
褾ͦõģʦ
ǵġ
Ҹһͣڶ飬㾹Ȼܵʦˣ褾Щ塣
ȴе㲻⣺¥㲻ǸѧΪʲôô᣿
ЦҴû˵Ǹѧ
⵹Ҳǡ褾Щ⡣
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褾̾Ͷ˺øС
֮ǰϴ˵һǺ첻ˡ
֪֮ǰһȻ֪Ҳ⡣
һ֮󣬾һưסŮԼںߡ
һΣڶưȥ
ưǣһ·Ϻ
ǳǮֶһǵţȻͺ褾һסķӡ
ζе󡭡˼˵
褾֮ǰûŵɹζ̲סŻ£ǲû¶ʲôζȷʵţŨأǿܵġ
ʵĵطҲãڱ˶ϡ
һСҪڵضβĵط¶ԺЩƦåҪ硣
˵ţլſڡ
ԼҵӶ˴ûʲô׹ʵӻչЩӣѾˡ
ȻˣƽʮνӣʵǸʮŮˡ
Ů˵˵󣬵һǱ˪ģźǲϣϱһӤﻹһӤֺõЦС㣬ˣ
裬ǡŮˣЩεؿ֪ûûĺ֮󣬾˰ѸճõĺԺſڣѾˡ
ˡһ㶼е⡣
ִкܶӤͷûбдʩ˾˻ŮӤ͸ˡ
࣬ҲûʲôǡҲ֪ԺǺá
룬͵Ұ취Щһչ˺á


86 ¶
չЩӵ, 衣
ߣžһԺ, Ժӵĵʯ, мĺʯɹ̫
Ů۾ں, ȴûʲôɣԵôľľġ
СǣҲĸͷ
⻰̾ؿһͷ
иȶǶϵ, ȴҲ˫ֳţԴصؿʯ, ̧ͷʱ, ͷеˡ
ǲøҿͷæֲؿ裺裬㲻Ҫ˵Щ
ŵģС, ǳԷأǸĸͷӦõġ
ЩӣΪЩӸԼĸͷμ, ܲ˼Լ
ȥĺӡ
ͷ, ߡ
ԺӺǳԷ͵ĵطͦΪڲǷ㣬һ˶ûУӵ߸һţ䣬ұ߽ȥһС쾮
쾮£߰˸ӣʯǿһһͷСã
ǿˣֶ֮ǰǲġ
С㣬ҽǵģ֮ǰءһʮĺЩ⣺ллС
Ҳǿͷ
С㲻ǿͷҲҪͷģ˾ˣôܲͷ⺢ӵתš
Ա߼ԣֿ̾һͷ

ЩȫЩӴ·ֳࡣ
һϻˣܻΪԼģһľʣһһ죬ģһߵкͣǲǰôϻۡҲѾСػš
࣬Ǹտʼ˲õġ
ȻȻ࣬йͬģǵĹͬ㣬˶ǳݣݵôСһ֣ݵͷС
մʱԭѾˣԶûЩݣЩһȣԭҸ
Щġ
̸ģǸһȺӸͷĺӣû滰ǹάĻһһ䣬׾ֺ
ڱĺӡЩôڣЩ߰ˣ˵䣬شţͷ죬ѵмȽϿ׵ĺӣҲһҶ˵ӡ
ȫܽ䱸
Ժһͷ뿪ʱǶŵζѾϰˡ
棬һ㲻õǣһЩչ˺á
лл
㲻ö˵ллҰЩӡЦЦֵˣԺɲҪܳˡŮҪעⰲȫ
ţȻȥģʵûֻ˱ŵȳͷţһԶȫ͵칫ҵġ
Ȼûдֱҹˡ
СĵͦҪϸĲģԺƭһ¡
ֲẦǣ褾¥
дŵģʵأ
褾еˡ
Ůӵ·ΣȻŻƽѧ
·ϻ˲ʱ䣬ʱѾȫˣʳﻹŵƣǳ
ȥͿ²ڷҵСѾϴϴˢˢ
ˣأСѾƼ̾Ͷ˳ŵķˣ²ʰһӣóԷĵط
磬ȥˣ²ʡ
ŮӸȤŮ˭ʱڣֲ˼ȥˣ˺ܶ鲻֪
ҵͬǴȥ˶ͯ
һʼдţ²ģǶİ֪˶ͯ飬ô˵ʱȻ
˺⣬ɿس극ȻͰѽȫ²
ǸԵˣͬ飺Щ̫ˡ
²ȴ磬˺ܶ࣬ﲻˡǵȥʱ򣬲û𣿡
Ϊ˲ǣҲȥˣѭ֮£᲻ԽԽ𣿡ЦЦ
²뷨֡
ûпЩӣֻ£²񲻿ܶЩ̫ͬġ
ðɡ²
ֵ죬ҶҪȥǱ߿š񣬵ʱһñ㡣
磬㲻ұңԼһ˾Ϳԣ²ӳѧУƽѧ·úܡ
ȥӲɣҽ˲ٻҲüġҲ
ѧУƽѧ磬м仹ͦģʵⲻ룬ͬ飺Ժȥһ²ɣԹǾңǡ
²񶼴Ӧ
Ĺȥκͤκͤ١
㻨칦򣬽Ǹ׹¶Ժһ¡
ЩҪǲúùܹܡҲˣ֮ᷢ飬ǾΥĳˡ
κͤСп飬˵֮ͬˣЩӵ
һһ˵ˡ
ľǺˡκͤǮﻹе㣬ҪҪȥ
ãЦʵҪܺЩӣȱĲǮ
ЩӳԱůÿֻҪУһ˶𣬵ܲһֱǡ
Ҫϰ˲Ͷܲʲôӣ
ϻؼҺд˵㡶ڰ󡷣ɾɾĸģдЩƻ
ڶϣվɺһƽѧȻȥʢԡ
ǲкܶҪ¿ʡ
ǵġʢԸ˿϶𰸣ʷѣʵȵҪһ㣬кܶ˶
Ľ¿ʱǲҪӸװʡ
ȻġʢԵҿĿţƤֽŷʱһȥһЩ
ŷС¶ҴЩЩɣǰźŷͺܺá
ϣЩѧõ֪ʶ߼õˣʱҲԸ̵Щӵˡ
ңЩ֪ؼ˵ĺȥ飬ҲвͨġǶȥ
֮ôŷĻǸɡ
ʢãȷЩ֮󣬱ȥһЩţƤֽ˲ֽŷ塣
Щһһ峵֮⣬ʮһӼֹ˽ЩȥµԺӡ
վѾ˵¸Щ˵ǲҪȥ棬ЩҲڵֻǻվ̬졣
Щӽеһ͵Ҹ˸ŷĻ
Щһ㷴ӦҲûУǸຢӸ¹ĺͷƲƲ졣
һֵۣͼʱɻɵúõģܳ⣬Լˡ
Щȫ𾪵ؿ


87 ŷ
ÿֻЩӳ, ʳֻ̲ˡ
ȻˣǱȽϸɵ, Ҳࡣ
Щǰ갤ĺ˵, ÿôѾܺˣһȻģҪʲôġ
˵, ֻҪܳԱܴﶼûǲ⣬š
һʼ˵ҪǸɻʱֹȻ˵ĸо
˵ô, а׳԰׺ôõ飿ҪǸɻ
벻ǣȻ˵, ֻҪǺúøɻ, ܳԼ
֮ǰΪģҪȻͼ˲ҪĲиʣԣ֮Եر, ڣ˸ǣǳԼ
ǸƲĺӾȵ۾Щľ㶵ĺӵ, Ҳ˹
֪Щ, ƽ͵ġӡǻӣҲǺӣ̺ܽãԸ̵ġ
ŷⲢǺѵĻЩҲмرСģֱеɵģǿԸɵġ
˵Ǽĺӣ԰ŰڰŷݵݶʲôģǼɵġܻҲɵرܰɵɨˮĻ
˺ŷģҲǣ⵰Щûˡһôŷ⣬ȥϴ֣ϴ
Щϴģֻůͣû滻·óȻϴ裬˵˲ҲͲһˡ
취Ū·Ҹϴˡ
ʱ򣬾ѾˮóЩˮϴϴ
ЩӶûģ֮ǲŻãȻؿʼݣһѺˮ
һˮڵϣмĺϴͬʱҲע⵽ЩӵϵĻкܶ˿ڣǼвмģһֵһֵļ롣
ϴãͿʼǲֽǵһ죬ҪöãֻҪǰѻѧС
ֽǺܼ򵥵飬ЩӸûгߴĸѹãֻԼһЩֽƬǦʻߣһż¡
̵ʱЩӶú棬ЩӲҶȥñʣǸܰԼΪĺӣˣ͵һһᣬ
ѱʸȥֹֽĺԡ
æӵˣܺŷ𣿡
㲻úЦЦչ˺þˡ
һչ˺ӣһߺģǸͼ
ʶΪܳͼŻҪŷ⣺ģ㲻ûóԵġ
ŷҪŷˣһˮ˹
տȽСĺӣԼЩǰδܹ谮Եʣչܼ򵥣ŮӤôޣ軹ڳҲһˮףȻ¶
ЩȽϴĶѧ˲ֽãȻһȥ
ⶼ⣬⵹̰ˡͷȷˣ̫壬ЩӻԻӡ
갤ˣɲͻȻĶ
һ飬ʱ̲һӽ˶ʮ
緹õʱЩѾúúֽܶˣһһ߸ɻһ߿ųķΡ
ĺ㣡
ÿ˶һְ̲࣬Ѽпһ˰ǶԵһԺˡ
ЩӶ룬Ҳ̣ͣԼ࣬ͬʱӦ˼ҲǸ˵ĺͷ룬˵ģһúøɻ
˵ֺ꣬
⺢ӽ·ƣǸк˵߰ʱܴӳˣѾͷԹ˺ö꣬·ԼģΪ·ƻر
·ƺͻֵײͻôϲҲڶƫ
⺢Ҳס
磬òֽ˲ֽȻʣµ˰
۰ģҪܾãûʲôһеɵĺȥ
мȥϸéʱͿ·͵ԡ

ҿ⽬û·һЦѾˣѡã
һۣƼԺͶٶٳԽ
·ƵԸҶٶٳԽǸˣϣûбõˡ
ͣعάţֻܵȥɻ
⺢Ӧһȥɻˡ
ȽãҲѾúúֽܶˣͽôֽۺãôճ
ʱŷⶼ˹ģźܾ£ִûĲ𲻴ЩľͲһˣŤŤġ
û˵ʲô
ЩѧѾܲˡ
ôһ죬Ӷѧŷ⣬ģͰ˰ɨ֮Ļǡ
ϣָǳͼȻ뿪
ڶ죬ûȥƽѧһЩסլ
լӵڿţȥͻȻЩӾһŷ⡣
ǼȽŲмĺѾһ·Ʋڡ
ܿˡ
Ǻ˶ˣһЩ·һ˵ţһߴһ۾Ƽ
ϵıһܿЦһǺŷˣǶ˶ˡ
ɡѾˣһ㣬¾ûˡ֪·ʵ˵Ͷɹûгѵ⣬һֺȥѵ϶ûãǡע⵽ЩӲ·ƣ·ƱץԺ¶ġ
ȻˣҲֻרĺŷ⣬·Ӷġ
·ӦһЦȥŷˣǹעһǸ·Ӷĺӡ
ǸŮӣҲǸмģһȴ췢㣬Сֶ̣⣬һֻҲŤš
ֻŤѹֽȥۣŷٶȾȻһ㲻ȱ
Щͷϳ˸ЩӺ⣬һһͷȻ󣬾ͿʼǺŷ⡣
ŷǷǳȤģִĺӿ϶סЩӡǾؽζ
·ʱʱСǸϵĶҲûͣ
磬ǳԵվ࣬ÿ˶УŵĲ̲˶ˣ⻹һЩԡ
ȻЩɻɵöģЩ
ҪģҲҪģǸһֲֻмŮӣҪ˼
·ơȻѧ죬ΪҲûĲ࣬ûϽͼ
űϵĳʳúܣƼиӾԼ
㲻ҪԣԻҡǸӣֿ·ƣŬ㡣
·ЦӦˣֶЩӵﲻ˶鷢˭ľ˭ġҪǱ֪Ķԣһ̰ϳȥ
ЩӶú棬ֵǺúøɻúãԺܳ԰׷ԼѼ⣬Դһ㣬һǷнˮ
˵ܾ꣬Щӵ۾
æЩӵʱ򣬸̰ȴһεƽѧ
ϴιһ᲻źۼذԼҸڵķҪ۵ĸҲڣܿκͤˣһֱû˵
ǰ˵ǣӦûˡ


88 ¶Ժ
̰ư, ֮ȥԼҽԺĽ
ҽԺҽĴǳãжܹ鲻, ŻɴԼҽԺ, ҽԺڣ˳µعʵġ
뷨ҪҽԺｨʵ, һЩ˻оҩƷġ
ںܶҩƷڣҲͲɱ˿󿴲⡣
ڴ̣ܶҩƷȹӦڻ߸ɴ಻ٳڣҩ۸һǣЩҩֱӶϻˡ
뵽ܶҪʶ򲻵, ̰üͷ΢塣
ƽѧֱӾȥ˽ʦ칫ҡ
κͤ, ΪӢһǮԵ, κͤҪĴѧѾʼȥȥˡ
̰֪£ǵκͤڣ
ҽʦ̰ЦŴк, ֵκУȥˣڡ
Ĳɡ̰ЦЦʣأ
Ҳڣˡʦֵ
ôˣʲô£̰ʡ
ҪȥһЩ¶ʦ, ȻͰȥЩ¶˵ˣǰС
̰ʦ˵, ԭˣĵز
ʦͷǰ
ֺ̰ʦ˼䣬뿪ˡ
ƽѧ棬̰һ֣ȥһ
ŮѧϲŮˣЪԼ˼
Ӧˡ
լЩӺһŷ⣬Ȼֺһ
û࣬˰׷׷ʢľͰ֮Ķĩ
վǲģΪۣ⡭ҲûöٶٳģЩܳ׷ͺܺˡ
졣
һﲻ߰˸ͭԪһ򵰵ĻԪ
ԪЩÿ²׬ԪǮİ˵ܶ࣬˵治࣬ڴڱء˼ǡѶǧԪ
еĳԱܰˣó⡭а̲˱˱ˣʵòˡ߶š
Ȼ֪̲˱˱ˣЩһ۾ܿӪܲٸǳûӪ̲ˡ
÷ÿһ׷Ҩһĩǳԣʮӣÿ˸һĩ
Ѽĩΰֱӷڹĩ಻ôãζԺܺá
Եģŷĸԭ뿪
ЩӶԺŷ飬ԼôĻǻ᲻˯ȥ
٣ǸһֻһֻвмССóһ죬ûͣвмŷ⻹ġ
ô棬˵Ĳɵģ˼䣬֪һ
ǱĸӵģʱһӣȻһҹӼһֱס
ȥӱռˣֻܳҪ
˿ͷֱһǰƼ
ʱ˶ͯưլ
ƽѧʱѾˣ²ٵһȻȥκͤһµε顣
ЩҪţʱ߲ƽѧѧֲܲܡԼĿζ磬ԺܹǱߡ
ǲ鷳κͤͬӦˣЩӵ
һһ˵ˡ
κͤúܺãмҪһ㣬ǵ塣
֮ǰкӵòѾˣĺҿžҲЩӵͦãûòĺȥβǺӾԼˡ
˵ĺӣҪ岻ûˣõĿ׼ҩǳԡκͤ
ҩûһ硣
飬֪ŴĵײգΪʳɾڳкܶ׳ļ棬ԼδҲû뵽ȥһЩҩǳԡ
Ĺ֮ʹ²ؼȥˡ
ڶ컹û˴Ȼȥ˸̰
ȥҩ
յȻͿ˸̰
ҽЦŽһ
̰Щȵؿôпչ
ҩ
׳ģ̰ʡ
˵ͷ
ȥҩ̰ǸЩ¶Եģ
ҽô֪Щ档
ȥƽѧ˵̰ҵ¸һȥɣͬˣҩǲһģҪŵ㡣ٸǼһ塣
᲻̫鷳ˣ
鷳̰ЦЦ
иҽȥЩӣȷʵõġ
ҩͽưȻ͸̰һլǱ߸ȥ
ưǰУ͸̰ģ֪̰ˡ
ϺҽܹҲûˣȥҵҽԺ̰
ʱҽϲԼΪҽҽϲƺԼΪҽ
ҽзһģǲԸôƺԼ̰ƺġ
ǴӦ𣿡ʡ
Ӧˡ̰һЩ¶Ժ顣
һһ˵ˡ
͸̰һ¶Ժʱ̫Ѿˣ谴ģѾճࡣ
Щȥ࣬Ȼͺ͸̰һ׼ǳԵҩ
ҩһƬһƬģЩӻСòųһƬҪ֮С
Ⱥģ߳һƬҩ˳Ǽһ䡣Щӵ
ҩʲô·ʡ
׳ҩ̰֮ӻۣ»ӣⶼģýš
ûʲôýŵġ·ƵֶһٹάǾȿѵĹ̫ˣģԺһúøɻһ㲻͵
Ҽˡ
ЩһҩԺú󣬾ȥǼ͡
ڱʼǱϽǵϢд£һţƤֽдǵ֣ţƤֽǣԼš
ڼмûдգ
ԭйʲôģǵ󣬸Ǹĳ˱֡
ĵֺܺںľĺӣŸ֡
Ҳ˲֣СͲҪġ
Сպ飬СĴкСдԼֵֽƬϧ
·ҵҲøģҵգʲôҸհɣ
֮ǰ֣϶ʺԼģҪȻͰŰټոû뵽·ֱҪ
·գ·ˡ
·ЦģգΪˡ
£·ƣʡ
ð·һڴӦ
ҪգҪҹ̵ܽġֵ
ЩദһʱҲˣЩӴȽϱ
Ǵδܹ֮ǰÿֻųԱůܴȥ
·Ʋͬǳ磬Ӻܴ
ĺ·ȴҲܱúá
·һھʹӦˡ
͸Ǽˡ·ơ֡
·ϲ̵ġ
·֮ǼǵĺӣҲи·һҪµģҲôǼˡ
ƼһĻ·Щˣ߷ţͣ˵û
ŮӤլһʮӣǼǺãȥŷˣȻȥ⡣
̰ܶ࣬ҲæŸӼ˰壬˾û˵
ȵ磬̰Ҫˡ
ҽ㡣
㻹£ҡ̰ܾˡ
ǰѸ̰͵ſڣȸ̰뿪Żȥ
ͷŰѲãЩӷˣȻͷɿظϵƽѧѧϿΡ
ƽѧڿΣҲѡ
ΪȥլǱߣóӣдЩ˼ǡϸ١
⼸һֱûдƪС˵ȹ¶ԺǱ죬һҪ
дţӢκͤͬ½ˡ
٣ЩȣӢôˣ
κͤҶܺ棬ͰŽͣٴԱ߽¶Ժ
Ӣ˵ͷϺкܶ޼ҿɹĹ¶Ҵǣһ㼼
˵ҪѸѾ޼ҿɹˣܾܵհ졣
Ǯ˴ûõʵǾʹԼ¶Ժ
ΪȷûҲ磬¶Ժ죬̫æҲһֱûϡ
ܵЩͿЩˡ
æòеĻ꣬Щ˷ܡ
ܵܵ£ˣ


89 ·
һֱڿʮ¶δ
һѧûҵ, ȫĸŮӹţ϶ǲʵ, ȫίи˰, ѡֲҡ
ȥǾԼţٹͼ˰æ, ʱֲࡣ
ˣʱģȻЩӵסᵽƽѧʱʱȥ
ûж, Ȼ͵֪˻ӢĹ¶ԺϢ
ӢĹ¶ԺὨƽѧЩܽȥ, ҲͲÿˣ
ʮ¶˻Ӣ, ϣӢĹ¶Ժ֮Щӡ
϶û⣬¶ԺҪöֻҪһҾܽ, ʱ˺һЩӽӢ
˵ػשǽЩӣ¶Ժͽˣ˶Ǯ, Ҳ˶ʱ䡣
ʵЩ¶Ǯ, Ǵͷ
л٣
ҪлҲЩлң˵ʲôллӢЦ
Ҫڹ¶ԺæԣӢֱӵҶιһ¶Ժ˽⣬пգʱ¶ԺԺȻûգֻҿŵҲǿԵġ
Ժûʱ䣬Թ¶ԺЩ顣
ʱֻЩ¶ŷ⣬ȥбĴ㣬Ӣ˹¶ԺĻЩȫʵʩ
Щ¶ѧ㶫ѧϰ򵥵Ĺ׬ЩǮ뿪һִһģǹԹȻҪǹ׬ǮĹ¶ԺѣҲϳͷ˼ҵĺӴڼǳԲúȲûҪɻġ
ԣҪЩЩܼĹġ
ͬʱܽһЩ֪ʶ
Ƚ֣ѧȻ츳ļѧû츳ģѧ㼼
֮Ҫ취һ֮
Լ뷨˵ˣӢ뷨ܺãܲܰдʱҵĹ¶ԺͰ˵졣
ԥشӦ
ͻӢĹ֮ͣȥǸլӡ
ʱѾ˷ˣûˡ
ϣĩһȻŷĶģÿ˸Ѽ
ԼʱطһЩ
ٵĲ࣬ҲͱеһС飬Ҫ״ӡ̣Ƿֲˡ
ǷڳģЩӲ軹һֱ⣬ߵӦ衣
赨ӺСҲʵ֣顭ãҪһ¶ԺסԺеԱܸܿһء
裬ˡ衣
¶κͲ˼ҡ
裬ڳԺҺܴ󷽣ȱˡӣ֪͵Ŀ϶ûгָֻ飬ϣҪٷˡ
ҵصͷ
÷Щŷ⣬·ġ
⺢ӻһصҽϲţһ̲ͣغģõģ㾡ܼ飡
·Ƶǵŷȷʵȫúܺá
·ҫĺӶûзӦҲû˵ʲôѼ
Щӳ극һǽеΣϳҩʲôӦ
׳ҩִĺʱҲǳԵġ
ǳԵҩģ֮Ҳ̫ķӦʱҩûôá
̰ЩӳԵҩ֮Щӻʹʹ֮󣬻ֱӰѳ
ִ̰Щӵ˵˺ܶ顣
ܿ죬ͽе˺С
ʹҩ״֮ʣ·ƵЩŷ⣬ôģ
С˶٣ŵ·Ƹ˵ǰǺĺõŷԺеɶ£һ˵ûǵš
Ϊûж飬ٸ˽ԵʣСıһ㣬Ĺ֪֮·綼ʲôˡ
·ЩǰԼĺܸߴЩΪܰǣȻЩӣԸԼŷ·ˡ
Ǹ·ϵŷȻҲˡ
·֮ñΪ⺢Ӹֳ
ЩӼ·ܴյǰ˵ȻȻģ;·ǰ˵ϻ
ܿͽе·ơ
·ƴѾĺӴˣ֪ҪʲôһͰԼҩĸ˵ˣȻְһٿ䡣
뿪СʱСʱһ˰˰ٶŷ⣬ƽÿСʱһʮŷ⣬һӺ룬ڸʱҿ
˵š·һֽ
ܺô죬ΪҲֽһһõģ˰Ҳ˵ֽ·Ƶ
УҰֽùֽܿͲúһֽ
·ƿͣغ
ܿ죬ƴںʮӣҲжʮ
ĿԼ򲻾ãʱĻƿںģ̫ˡ
ԲסˡǶŷЩǱҵģҰæǷҪһЩл·Ƶ
·ƿ˵ѻռСˡ
Ҹʱ򣬾֪ô࣬ڵ˵ѾǸˡ飬Ҳϣ´ΣԺһᵥÿӣ㶼ʲôҪ飬͸뿪
·ϵЦݽסˡ
ֵ֪Ը̤ʵأԺ϶Ըͷ
Ҵ·һ㶡
㵱Ȼûõϡ£Ҫھ̤ʵһ㣬ѧ㶫ܵƹ񲻵ơ
һܵƹ񣿡·棬һֱãܵСѾܺˡǰ˵ʱ򣬾;õСĻԼġ
Ȼܡ
·Ƶı鸴Ӽˡ
ɽ׸ıƣָ·һӾ͸Ĺֵ첻٣Ҷ㽱ȥɡ
죬Ҫ˻ô
ȥʱѾˣʱ򣬻Ӣ͸̰һĹ¶Ժ顣
ӢѰ鶼˵ˣֵ㽻Ѿˡ̰ǸŪ¶ԺСѾͷûʲô
֪̰û뷨һ֪ˣҪҲûӢȥ˵¶Ժ顣
ӢһЦֵ̰ôЩ¶뷨ЩˣҲõġ˵ܴܲЩ¶һЩ


90 ӢĶġ
ͷҪͦ, ͸﹤һֻҪǮ, Ҹѧͽ, ԰סֻ֮ҪһëǮ
ϺҲɵˡ
ȱ, ȱһյˣȱֻˡ
⼸꣬ӢԼⷢչ׳⣬ֲ
Щ¶ҪҪܾá̰ʮ󡭡˭֪ô
⵹Ҳǣ仯̫ˡӢ, ˵ʮǰǻ˭뵽˵ûûأ
οͷҲЩ¶ÿ, ĸ˫ȫԲ𱥷Ĵڡ, 㲻ƹȥЩֻ꾰õسйָҪģϺٿֿ̰
Ѿܶ, ܿҪˡ
Ϻ۹󣬹ҲߣڱйɱܸߣȥйĻ԰סһ·, ÿ¸ĴҪ
, Щ˷ȥطʮһŮˣϺ糾Ůˣܶ඼ôġ
̰ãҲйֻǵˣÿոǰŵĻһЩȻ˽Ƕ֣ʱֵˣȻ
ЩϺزģ졣
ô졣ӢֱӦˣȥЩ˻
ã̰ͨصԼס
̧ͷȥĵƻš
֮ǰĸᱻƭȾ϶ϰ˹涨ϱؼҡ
ʱĲԸڵÿؼңٲ涺ˡ
̰˷䣬ǲͽͯоôĹ¡
¿ĵһˣ죬ӡĸС
⿯üãϺܶ࣬ںϾȵأҲͬࡣ
ʢɼ
ֻҪ뵽м˿ԼС˵;˷ܡ
ѧʵˣڡҲѧʵˣ
ʦ˵鷭Գ飡
Ϊÿؼ֮󣬶ҵʦѧӢģѧ֮󣬻һЩ롣
Ҳû
˼ǡŵǧ֣ûʲôÿġˣϣ±Ҫˣ
һͷѧϰ
ڶ졣
һȥ˽լӡ
ʱЩȫڵһ٣裬ѾˣﻹҪ󣬷С⡣
Щӷָ࣬ÿһƺõ㣬̲ˣԶٳԶٵġ
Ǻŷ˶ǮɣôٶٸǳԺõģ·ƶյߡ
ź磬ûڼҳԶͬһ࣬ԵĲҲ̲ͬˡ
մԽʱûٳ㣬ˣٲҪⶫҲͲˡ
ֳ㣬ŷԼѾûôˣͦóԵġ
ô㡣
֪СΪʲôҪ𣿡ʡ
·һЦСĳãͬǡ
ҲǡͬǣϣǽõˣԲŻǳԺõġ
кܶˣǲ֮ʳģЩЩӣҲʹ󷽷˵ˡ
·ƿһʣʲôõˣ
ЩΥ飬ŬˣõˡԷԺһҪ˵
Ѿˣ·Ƽһӵ̲˰棬ھͽе¶ӣȻְﺬš
ЩӶѾԺˣãȻʮӣʼ
ûЩӴġ
ԺǺŷ⣬ҪѧԼ׺˶١Ȼ110
˼֮·ƺСӣѾˣкܶຢãȻѹѧᡣ
Щӵʵû⣬ǰδܹѧҲر
üѾѧĺȥŷ⣬ʣµĺӡ
һֱһСʱЩȫȥŷ⣬Ȼȥ
·ͻȻ׷ﻹǿ㣬˵еģ壺Ҫȥ
ȥ⡣Ҳ
ȥȥ˺ܾãȥģ·ʡ
˵һ̵֡
·ƾ͵ȥԱɱгȥȥ̱˺ܶ࡭Ҵȥɣ
㲻ŷˣʡ
·Ʊһ漴ȥ
˵꣬ƾˡ
լ֮ˣΪլӸһһɱ
֮ǰδȥǱߣ·˵𣬲Ǳߡ
ֵҵǣԶһ㣬ɱɱ˴̶
һЩ׳Űϣʱ߷һѪľͰɱҲڸˮѾ˵ëڸƶǣϴʲôġ
Ϻÿĵ⣬
ɱζܲţѪۣʪյġιëǾؽëˮڵϣȻһֻӽˮë
֮ǰδɱ˸һ
ЩɱǾͷԱߵһ
ɱĵطȷʵñͷ˺ܶ࣬
ɱ֮ļ׵԰пȻÿһٷֳǰȡ֣⣬ҪôһֲС
ȻˣҪֻǼǮٱ˵㡣
һֻȡ
ʱûóϣǳݷʣģ⣬һëҲͰɱ֮߰ʮһֻȳƳʮոպá
ڷﻹѪ֮һЩѪ
ɱʱ򣬰ѪŽһľͰȻΣˮ֮ù죬ͳѪѪûԹ֪ζøЩӳԵ㲻ܲѪ
ŵʱֻ˸ӣװôණҺ⸽аͻˣͭԪ˾ͰȺѪ͵լ
լסĲЩûҪĺô⣿˰Ѷ͵Щɻ
ЩڰҸɻҲǮʳϾͲˡ
㻹Ҫ˸ɻ𣿡̾ʣϣؿ
һ㶣漴ЩӸɵĻɡ
ɰ˰ɡЩԥֵҼСڼûҾҵɡ
ĺӶˣʡ
һʮһʮˡЦ
ùʵ꣬ƽ˵Ͷ˵ʵ֪꣬λ˵ꡣ
ĺӣֻʮһ꣬߸С
ǵػţʱ˵ȷʵСˣҸѧͽĻǸš
ɲңҲ֪Ҫȥҡ˵ʵڲУȸҸͻɡ
ûӻ˸Ѫȥˡ
Ÿ̰ȥ֮󣬾Ѿ֪Ϻܶ˶÷ǳˡ
û취ˡ
˰׷˶Ѫĩ
ѪйζϲЩӸԵĽζ
ϰ˰ˣǲʳġ
·޳⣬ʣµĺӺŷ֮󣬸ĶĺõЩÿһǡ
·۲ˣ컹𣿡
СȻ·ŷ⡣
·ƺõŷⲢر࣬Լǰ߰ӣͦãͦģŷĺܺá
·ƶʱ̵úã
·Ƶӡúܶ࣬ǰԼ˵ģûи·ƽ
Թ뿪լӡߵʱ򣬻Ͳ⡣
ƽѧŵͣȥѧϿˡ
ڿΣְѸӢĿδе칫ңȻǰһЩǶŰѧѧӢġ
Ҫǽ¿ڵݲѾö˼ǡ͡ڰ󡷻е壬Լǻſ¡
šڰ󡷣ʢԵϣ±¿ˣҸһ
˵ţʢԾͽһ־ǰ
ллҰǮ㡣
ãڿɲȱǮʢԵҪ㣬϶ûڵĽ¿Ҳ׬ôǮҼƽ⼸ëǮʲô
ԣûмҪǮ
ʢֵˣ㿪Ǹ¶ԺȱǮҿԾһЩ
ˣǮʵȱȱˡʽ¿
ʢԵǵı༭ҽѾڽˣܿܽãҪ˶þܰȥҲҺˡĸиܣȻһ㣬ó˴򽻵ҴŴ£ڳдԱ˸ǰרŸ˳ԭǸ˳żģʲô嶼дֻдüΪ
ʱĺܶżǲٰģҪҪ˳˳ôһеܶ껹һЩˡ
λ֮һ
ǰ곭飬ʱܶ࣬ҪûûҹʱûлܲȶʹеܲסͲǸˣʢ˸
Щ飬ȫʢԸûжʣʱˣǽլӸȥ
æúܣûտϣ±ҲͲ֪⿯ո֮ǰһüá
ͬʱĽ¿ʢԹϵıɽŪȥ˱
ۣԶϺ͡
ǾǣԹ˺ܶཫصʳ߲Щʧˣ׼۲˼֮࣬㶼ϺҪˡ
Ȼ֮ԵģҵҲϺĵ͡
Ϻ˵ƹн߰ԪʮԪʮһԪڱܶƹÿֻԪ
﹤֮࣬׬ľ͸ˡ
ҲЩıϺ󣬱ֽڵĶ
ϺԪĸֱʣ˱ٷ
һϷĻ𳵻ʻ뱱վһЩѾڳҹƣˣ㼷Ҽ³ˡ
һЩæȥѯʣûҪ
ɽӳ̾ͺ˼ȥϰ顣
˽¿ϣ±ǧЩ飬ֱð峵ȥһꡣ
̸ģ
ȻˣҪãٲҪҸߡ
꣬̾ͳˣƼɽļƱʣģ
ǵģƹĽгɽ
ɽؿǻƲؿһֿۣóŵֽõ飬׻ȥƹˡ
ܴΧһȦܣмŰÿ϶ڿ顣
ɽһһϣǻƻ˲衣
һڲ裬ִ˸Ƿ
ڻ˯̫ãʵЩˡ
ģʲô飿ɽһϵһ۾ʵֽӶûЩ飿
飬ɽûҲ֪ӦöѾܾòٰĹż
ˣమ飬飬ϧʱФ߼ˣЩᱻͼߣࡣ
Ĳǹ飬ϺǱ顣
СӢĶġʡ
ɽЩȣ˸ոջ飬ھҪӢĶġˣ
ҵûûСҽ͡ѧú𣿡ɽʡ
֮ǰ⼸ѾûˣǴ۾˵
ԱߵҲȷʵԴдƪѮѧӢġ֮ˣ
ɽæ֪ԭǰպǳдһƪ¡
ƪ£ѧӢĵĹ̡һµʱѧӢģ
Ȼˣдôһƪ£ҪΪ˲һ۵㣬ǾǹӦöѧϰۿ硣
дüãˣʾڶʱѧӢģȫˡӢĶġ顣
൱ھǸӢĶġˣڱֽϵǳ֮Ȿһʼòõ飬ͻȻͻˣ
Ϊ۲һֻҪһëǮص๺򣬷ѧӢĵģһ
ߵıͲ࣬ôһڡҶʱûˡ
ģǡӢĶġдˡӢĶġ¥־־Ϻüá
¥־Ǵ۾̾͵ƣ


91 
ɽ, ҪĶæؽ֮˳
һЩȡʮ౾¿, ڳһ˷һ
Դʱ־ǧ֮ɵĶ˵, ¿ɵ˼㡣
ǲʲôãǺܿʶˣ鲻ǸЩȺ˿, Ǹӿġ
־۾Щϲڽҵķ֣
ȷʵ־ú⡣һҲ
õĵ˵
ü˶ð֣ҲиʮһϣЩʲô߰Ķɲ˵, ȡŪЩģľڵĴĶˣ
ʲôģ, ҿٺòĴ£۾˵ֻ֪ڴĶ, ܽڵĿսеùĴڣ
ڵĶкβãЩ˺ڣҲôң
ûЩ, Ȼ࣡
˫ִͣ
ϰʱǴ۾˶ӣһҪ˴һܵˡ
Ҫ֪, ܶʶƢô
λϰæ
Ǹ۾ִ˱·, ̨£֮Ҳƽˣ㡭
۾
æˡ
ۿˣ۾˿ɽ¿һ
ãɽӦˣֵﻹбĿҪҪҲ
۾ԣֵЩó
ɽóϣ±
飬æؿ
֮ǰ¿пսкãڿϣ±ϵġڰ󡷣ȴǿûȻңʲôǵˡ
ɽʱȴǸϰ̸
ܴ󣬱ϺҲзֵġֻǸǱܵȣϺֵʵЩС
ϰһֱ⣬ʶ㲩ɽ鿴˿ʾԸ־ڱ
ÿ־һ򱾣Ѿ⼸ҲҪϣ±ͽ¿䲻ڱΪһϺзֵĴ̵ϰ壬ҲϺʱʢġ
ɽǩ˺Լֻһˡ
˵ҪǮ·ͨˣԺɾԴԴϵǮˣ
æ˼ա
նЩ¶Щ¶죬ͬʱҲʶԭģЩӿܻΪɻ̫ܵ飬ܴڡ
ЩˣϦԲ˵ΣգԸֻǺŷ£ζߵġ
ǷܵǸߡ
ڽм򵥵ļӼЩѧĺӾͺܽǺܺ¡
·õģֺͬʱҲڿܶ࣬ٲ͵ˣ
״ͦ˵ġ
˵ģǻٵĹ¶ԺѾʼػ˵ļһЩԱ
еһˣרһˡ
ٴǰģǸʮͷֺˣн
ֵµˣԺǹ¶Ժˣܣȸѧѧٶʲôȥ˾Ҫ
ԣ¾ܷԸҡС۾Цгһ졣
һŬЦ
ΪӦǻֵµƹĶʲôģԲŻͱίΡ
ܿʶԼˡ
ƽѧ֮ģпʱ䣬ͰԼļ¼óһ¹¶ԺЩӡ
Ȼͷ֡Ȼֲܶʶ
𾪲ѣ׻ΪʲôҪôһֶϲȫ˵¶ԺԺ
Īй֮
̬ͽģͷֽǲѧģ෴֪ܶʶϹѧ
ڣ˵˵Լǲ֪Ҫôùıһ仰˼Ȼ˵Ӣġ
˾
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¶ԺԺԽ˵͡
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һͶ˸˵Ļ
ʵ÷СѾȥҲǿԵģֻǷСѾиʲô˵ϰߣ㣬лģԻ㣬СѾ϶Ҳܡ
ҲͲȥ򣬸ɴԼȥˡʵҲԸÿԼӰԵĲˡ
Ĳ˵ѧУҵ֡ƪ£ȻȥΣѧģѧӢġ
ѧУôʵ
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һеġ
ΪнտЩ¶͵ƽѧ֮󣬲û뿪
Щദ֮Щ˺ܶ뷨޲ÿд˼ǡȥźá
дţ̰ˡ


92 
̰ҽԺĽȵ, ˳ƽѧ
֮󣬾Цſ, ǳƳ籸ġӢĶġ, Ƴ˽¿Ѿǹڽպˡ
ҽͱȡЦˡԶȲϺܶǰġ
˵ʵ
ʱ, ĺܶǰԶöࡣֻǣЩʯͷӣһȫµδߵüΪѣȴǴδġ
ҲҪԷƱ, ĳɾͣѾˡ̰
е㲻˼ʵûʲô˵, һѧӢ, ҲȫӢĶġⱾ鲢ûô档
ǳд¡ѮѧӢġѾϺıֽתˣЩ죬ϺߵġӢĶġͬúܺá
ҵӡݳȴ, ¥ΪøӢĶġ͵İ˰һ֮󣬸úܶ˶ҵӡݺøС
Ȼô, ڶʱѧӢ, ȫˡӢĶġ
ʷϣʱڣҲѧӢĵģѧӢ֮󣬻γʹŷʱ⽻֮һ
ѮѧӢġƪ£ԭʷ϶еģִʱ򣬻дѧӢĵ¡
֪ǸʷϣǳһֱԼҵСڻȻͺܴˣǿѧӢģѧɺȥŷȥ
ѧӢôѧģһʿӢģʲô룬һͷӢôѧ˵д滹⣬ճԻѾ⡣
Ȼһ߳һ߼ѧһ󣬲ǶԻдͶûˡ
ΣľԷһ仯
ѧӢ֮÷ǳûͷʱһӢĶġڴʿָÿ챳£һʱԽԽ˳̶һҲճԻȻûˣ
ЩΪΪһʿÿպһ𣬲ͣѧԵʣڡӢĶġֻ˵һѧϰߡ
ѧӢĻ͵ѧģʮ˱Ƶ飬ѧ
͸̰ģ̰ʢ˵Ҫ򷿣üĿ
ûУʱҲʵķӡǺ򷿵ģϧҪķ̫ˡ
ҼҸڵķҪۣûȤ̰ʡ
ȻȤģ
̰סģϺ֣ضҲΪˣһϵķӣͨˮ硣
֮󣬾ͰȥϾΪⷿӿƽǮֲ⣬ˡ̰ǺõģҪ۲ˣˮѻҲߡ
1881꣬Ϻйһˮ1882꣬Ϻ˾ҲˡʱϺѾˮˡ
ˮʵˡ
ʱҼĵҲֻеƶѣƻ˿ƣǰ̼˿ơ
ڵѣǰÿ˼ҼĵƸģһյÿҪʮĵѣ⼸ѾԽͣһÿµĵѣҪ
ˮѣʱҲǰģǰҼˮͷ㣬ÿˮͷÿˮԪ
ʱڣˮ磬ִӶˣͬʱǾ޸֮ңܶҲ᲻ÿͨˮ硣
ϾӾˮãϵ͵ĺܱ˺ܱˡ
Ȼˣ󣬵Ǵͻ糧ǻһġ
Ѿͨˮķӣ㲻ãǮ糧ˮҲյģո̰˵Ƿǲÿƽ׸ˮѣŻҪѷˡ
ʣӵĸΣ
̰ǷӸָҼƣǰǸԺӣȻĳϵӣǸ쾮쾮мݡֻ㲻ССӼʮ䣬סһ˴´ࡣ
ķӣӦòˣʡ
Ҫǧ󡣡̰

Խ֮󣬹һʱĿӣ֪һĹٸ󣬱Լܸԣˣڵ֪ⷿӵķۡ
ͻȻʶԼ
һֱǣǿԣЩܹṵֵ̂ʵⷿȥǧҲҪѾŻݼˡ
ãǾùˡҲǿ
ʱûôǮܷһˣȸǧʣµǧ·ڸʣҿԶึһЩϢ
̰֪ûôǮΪȥǮԼҲܽһЩû뵽ȻĸʽЩȡ
ȷʵǸ⣺᲻ͬҲ֪ȥӣٸһ¡
ȷʵҪȿ֪ȥ֮󣬵Ϲȥ
Ŀζ磬粻ҪѧϿΡ
֮ȥһȥӡ
ܾˣʢʦÿҶȥҪͲȥˡӵ飬ͺá
ȥҲǿ󣬸ɴԼȥˡ
ʵҪȥˣԸôķӡȥҲá
͸̰һſȥߵſڣиǿ׳Ŵʮһ̰ǰҪȥ
̰Ϊ˷ţһһ
⳵ոµģʱټĸ˿Ƥϵĸ˿ķ⣬ϹһƤ棬Ż·洦ɼĻư
ǻư峵ˡ
⳵ֻһƽѧýг
ٽһһûƼ
ҼҲԶһ߹ȥ̰
أҽ·С
̰üʱǳ򺩺һЦλһɣĶ
̰΢΢һ٣ҲЦһɡ
ҽˣߣ塣
һֱ壬ϧ̫æˣҲûϡϾʱ䣬ľԲưظΪܲĻϿ¾ûдˡ
Ȼˣô˵Ҫǿǵ̰н񱣬²Ըһϡ
ɡ̰˳ӣóһλö㻹ܵù򣿡
ǰܵر졣ǳҲ
̰ǿ룬׻˳ӡ
⳵ӱѰĻưһЩ͸ֶ̰ݣôŵҲ̫˲ɱؿúܽ
ǲģ¸̰⣬ȥָ̰ɫ糣
ע⵽Ŀ֮󣬸̰ͷЦЦ
ҲͬʱҲáҽЦ֮رÿ
ǳ⳵µģ̥ͣ죬ȵ
̰ڳһЩ¶Ժ顣
ѹ¶Ժһһ˵ˣֵоٶҲûá
ԸǺõġ̰
ҲǡЦ֪δһѾʱ˺ˡ
ʱ˸Ͳ֪ӭǵĻʲôڷܶƴ
̰ʶѾã컹ǵһ֪̰ס
˿Ұ²ɵĴţЦҽܸھӾͺˡ
̰Цǰ
̰ЦĺܺÿǱִС￴ҪС
ôţͺ͸̰һȥ˷ӡ
ѾȥϾˣĶӻߣȥ˷ӡ
ⷿӱĸá
½õģɨĸɸɾҾ߻һӦȫ
෿ǰᵽ²еķ䣬ճ෿
ⷿⲻǼǮͷһ£ܲȸǧԪʣµǧԪڸ
ҿϢ꣬ÿ¸һʮԪʮĸ£ǧԪΣ
ڱ壬ǧԪÿ½֣Ԫټϻн¿ķֺ͹ʣÿһʮԪǿ϶óġ
֮ԲҲǮʲô飬òǮ
Ƿ˸̰һۣû⣡ǸҽѣġҪȶԼˡ
ӦõģԥشӦˡ


93 й
˫ܿͰһӦ, ΪûдǮ绹ҪϿ, ͽǮ鶨˵ڶ硣
, ѾԷʱ䣬̰룺ѾˣȥҼҳԷҼҵĳղ
Ǿ鷳ҽˡ
ǵһε, һȥĲúر
ʱˣЩƫЩƫţҵķԺҪݵĻ, Ӧó֮Ϊࡱ
Ժﾹһ軨ݶûУﶫҲࡣ
Ĳ, ˵ʵͦϲġ
Ŵŵ, ͳԷĵطмһſžͺصľʰԱ˼ľͷӣľʵĲ輸
̰Աߵ, Ȼ㺰˲ˮͲˮʮĳȥ
ʱ˺Ȳ֮ܽǰȥκͤϲĲ豭ͺС, ̰вͬӶֱӶܴĲ, һŰ׿ˮһ̲衣
ڹϰôӺˮе㲻ŹۣЦˡ̰Ǳ׿ˮ
ʵˮ͸ôıӡҲϰôӺˮִʱŸ±˾ͺڡ
ҹһĳһ򣬳ƽЩ֮Ļ⣬ʱʱŸ̰ܸʲôġ
ͦõģһƽﶼƽѧԷҺҲﵽ
̰ĳϹȥˣûã˺üˡ
Ϻõ廨ɵĺ͹ⷢģ͵ľ²˺ͻƳȳȵļһر䣬ĴָСըСž㣬֮⣬һ躣һ뽴Լֻп±֭±Ѽ
±ѼҪʱɵĲˣǳ뿪ûãûô˿
ڣ͸ȷһˡ±ѼرóԣԷ˺ܶϡ
ͨ˼Ҽһ㲻ôȫ
Цſ˳ա
Ҳȷʵ䣬Ǽزͬܺóԡ
Էʱע⵽̰ĲǺܺãԷӣž˾Ŀ
֣̰ôһʱѧУҽԺһΪˣִʱڵϵʱ򣬾δ
ڿ̰ʱ򣬸̰Ҳڿ
Щ⣬һ֪ܹõĽġ
ʱΪֻǸϺ񣬽Ӵˣȴ˷ǳɫ˼Ҳš
ڸҳԹ͸̰ˡ
̰粻óóɡ
Ӧл̰
̰͵ĳһ·۵糸һ㣬ƽѧ
ѳ÷ǳ죬е㲻Ӧ
ĳ졣ӳЩΡ
ⶼΪԵúããЦ¶һڻƻƵݡ
ųܵʵ̫죬ѧУʱϿλдСʱ
ûмд˼ǡҵ񣬽Լ¸̰Ҹڵķӵ
ͷķ۲˽⣬ֻʣǮҵǮһʣºܶûãһٶԪȻؼҾ͸㡣
ǮѾˣǮžС
ǮʲôǮ
Ҹ˾ġЦ
ѧ֮ûȥѧУдЩ˼ǡ
ʱˣͷ±ʣȻǰѧУȥ²
մԽʱ²е㵨СģѾ˺ܶࡪѵźܶ࣬ҲԽԽЦˡ
磡²˹Щϲʵ磬㲻æˣ
šӦһԺ󲻻ôæˡ
²ߣһ·ϣ²ߴߴ˵˺ܶѧϰϵ飬Կһٷֱ֣ǵӢʦ̵Ĳô磬ƽѧϿΣѧñҿ죬ҶҪˣ
СѧȥеλѧѧΣģСѧȥеĿʷʲôģȴ
ƽѧʢĿΣһܸʢȥİ༶һ顣
ô֪ʶ㲩࣬˺֣ܶԭѧñõ²ڹķһӾͱ׷ˡ
ΪѧĿγ̱ѧĿγ٣ѧʱֳҪĽÿʱѧһ㣬ƽѧ
²˼
֪飬ֻ֮ǰϲԼͬѧҲͲԸڡԼĸ׻иһȻҪġ
˲Ҵӡ򷿵Ҳ²
Ҫзˣ²ϲؿ
šͷ
ãԼķӣͲõı˸ϳˣ²үү˵լضҪģƫ˰Ѷˣ˱լӣѸϳ
û£ǲϡĶǵ·ˮеġת²ע
²治˵Ǹˡˣֻϲˮ͵ƣ̫ˣ
һһƽѧʱѾˡ
ҲǺ⣬ܺóԣԶȲڸҳԵġ
򷿵²񣬵û˵Ͼ黹û£ڶһ磬ȥˣ˸̰Ϻصһ֤ǩ˺ԼȥŹ˷
ǧԪׯƱԭڽÿҪһʮԪʱǸ֤ˣתԭΪԵʣÿ¶ҪϺϾܼ֮Ρ
·ӣϺʱ¯أһЩʮĺӣȴʰ˰뿪ǵļ硣
ǰ¯أųϢ˵ϺǱߵĹҪЩĹˣ԰סÿ󣬰˴֮ǰÿʮʳ
Ϣһ¯ؾͷˡ
¯صİʵ֪Ϻֻ֪ǺܶܶҪˡ
ȥ꣬¯߷ˮ֣ճЩ˼δա
ʱǻܿǰµʳҰǿ֧ţһ֮󣬴ȴҲŲȥˡ
ҲˣǻûǮֵأ
Լӡ۳ż˶Ҫˣرʯĳģһ˶̲ס˳Ե
ʱ˵Ҫй
ȿֺҪȥ
ֻǣйȷ˵ҪģҪûгɼҵģںܶȥȥɡ
Ϊ˱еĹˣһʮİӡ͵ˣû顣
Ⱥ¯صسǼϣȻͱŸԵİǰߡ
磬֪Ϻ𣿡һԼĪֻʮ߸Ӹһꡣ
֪
˵ȥϺȥȳ˵ǰǴȥҪɱ˳⡣Сֵ
̫ࡣӸһйĹǮܶ࣬Ҫȴͣ¯ߵˣͷıָĴԲ
ҲпҪȥڿСС󶴣С˵һǵĲ²⣺˵ڿ˶ֻܻ꣬󶴻
˵ˡߴһҲ㲻
Сԣ̾˿ǰ˵ִԣ˻ǽ
û취ǾҪȥˡ
ˣ˺ôܻ


94 
СӶ, ȺͲܳԵͣ·û, ǾͶˡ
Ӧ˵, ǱͶţôһ·֮󣬸ˡ
ʮС, ӿڴóһССıһŽԼ
ʮʳԪʹؼˣĸһȻ͸һ
ʳ, һҰ˶ûı
ŵʱûѱȫϣֻһСߡ
һĸ߸꿴, ˿ڿˮ
, Ҫ𣿡Сʡ
á߸Ťͷȥٿ
磬ҽг̴󺣣ʲôСʡ
ҽ߸
, ǸߵشģĶ
Ҽסسǡ
ӵĳ̴󺣺͸߸ӵһһǰߣţͻȻ˵ˡ
ˣһڱڵ꺰
ȴҲкܶľ㶵, ƼһĻһ㷴ӦҲûС
Ǻܶڶûȥܱˡ
˺ܿ͹, üͷܲˣôˣòвɣ
ߵ˿ˣŷࣺˣǰͣ
˰˻Ե˵ͣȻ˾óһӣҨһ׺Ǹ˳ȥˣ˰˰ᵽһϣι˵ˮ
ǰʱˡ
Σ˿ȴûиǣһӳ˹ȥװΣ·ˣҾͰ˻ȥ
æ
ҪǱ˻ȥʳԪҪġǿɲԸ⡣
ڣһ֮˾ʹһСͣˣǼڴóСϢÿ˻ֵһࡣ
ճ滹˰׺ͶӻʲôģܲҶ̲˸رóԡ
̴ͻȻãҪȥ̣ҲǿԵġ
ֻҪܳԱˡ
ǽô죬һͦĳС
¯صسܹҲһ֣ȴͬǳǳ󣬺ݵĺֱֵܶ߿ӡ
ŲЬŸ׵ľµĳ̴󺣺ؿΧһС
˲Ƕ࿴߿㣡
˰Ǵһطſоţͷǽȥȥ֮Ǿһʯ̨ϡ
طƽȻ϶ûУ̴󺣿Žµʯ̨Ծˡ
￴˵һۣˮࡣ
ˮࣿûˮҲûడ̴󺣲⡣
촽ŵˮһƽ̨ӣˮġ
˵ţԶͻȻˡѵѵȻһֻǰ泤ֻķ۾мһӣϱ̵̱Ĺͳǳ
й̴󺣾һһ꣬ӵġ
ϧûӵſо쿴ţһվںˣֱӸǼӡ
̴󺣵ûӣȶ¸ͣѾˡ
ǻ𳵣ǹ
治ǹ̴
ǣն˵
̫ˡʵˣ̴󺣵
˵˲ǹ
վ̨һɧңҺʱ򣬻ͣˡ
ųƤЬӵ˴ӻһЩǴųǴӵϳӡ
Щ˿ž棬϶ͨˣһ̴󺣵ûôˡ
Ŷϳȥﶪ۵ģֵġ
磬ʲôж̴ۣ󺣺ھǳʲô֪
û棬ˡó̴Ļ͡
̴ƶǶصͷ
˳ЩλЩ˾ֻڵϡ
ռ˳ǰλãÿռе˵
ˣٵĹҪһЩĹˣҪֻģҪСġ֮ǰҰɳҹˣ˼ҶҪʮ꣬ǿ׳ġһҪóʲô
һɹζ̴ᣬ磬ʲôζ
ѻƬ
ѻƬ̰˵Ǯ˲ųģ֪ʲôζ
һƴڳ̴󺣵ͷϣǺ˵Ķˣ
̴ƲƲ졣
￴һƮƮȻӵˣǶδãȻ
ұеǮģϧүү󲮶̣ӲѼǮˡ
ţû󻹱ĸӼΪƿĴ󲮸ϳ˼š
⹫һҲĸ׻ؼңμûǵֻ֮˸ӼѶգȥˮ֡
ԭĸ׻ҵһˮ֣ȴҲܸɵĻˡ
͵͵ģһʼûĸ֪ߵ죬ʳԪ£һֽͷҲص˼ҡ
֪ԼδΣֻǻ𳵣Ӧò̫㣿
ЩһһҹĻ𳵣Ϻ
м䣬ͣ˺üվÿվʳûǮֻܾؿΧһС
̴󺣵һ֪ԭô
СʱŸѧ֣֮ǰ˳ʱٿһЩ飬һЩֽҲһ·žסˡ
һ·ٳԾҲϲϵϺվ֮ĳԾ
Ϻվǳǳ󣬱֮ǰκһվҪĴվ̨ϼˣеϻ𳵵ģҲʳģˣ÷ǳʣ̲סԲλࡣ
Ǹһ֮󣬱㿴һųӵ˹
˶˵ͷģƹˣ
ټҪˣҾ͹ƹһ֣߾߳
Щ̧Ű׺ͷƹЩͷ͸ڳꡣ
̴󺣵ֺ࣬ͷһͺˣһ㲻ھͰͷ˶ӡ
ԵøһЩͬʱҲעǸƹ
ƹע⵽Ŀ⣬ЦЦǿЩѶˣȻȥ
ﲻôöϺŰͷͻȻͰˡ
ҲϺġ
һأ¯أʮȢϱˣǰͣذ˳飬һҲ׬
úùǮӻȥһĸ׺͵ùϺӣ
һˣδϣ
ٽæɲʲô򵥵飡
ҪǲãϺߵϵͷ²˵Ҳڳ
ûͷֻ˱ˣ֮ǰһһҪʵҵ˹ˣҵտ˹û죬ͱʬ壬̯ڵᣬҲȥˣֻܽͼȻûãǹɾ𳤵ĵܵܽˣؿ׬˲Ǯ
ڸȡ
ڣǼͷˡ
ŻһǹľԱ鷳ˣˡ
ٵĹô죬ոǺõһŸԱסƽͷסȥ˵һԱ
ԱסƽϱģΪʮһ䰤һ䣬˳и⣬ֻǽԵʣĺܡ
ⷿﻹûдмһĳ߿Ĺģʮ׳שߵġⴲһҪ˯ʮˣһһҪסʮˡ
ڣһȺﰲǿϢһ죬졭ǾҪŸǳˣ
ϾûǺأ
ȻˣҪģֻǸǳϵκͤκͤƽѧЩҾõѧȥЩ֡
֪Ϣͦȵġ
ʱĹ޲ֵµĹһɶʮСʱźãپȻԼĹȥ顭
дһƪڰ󡷣ֻûȥģĥȥģʱٸдš
ΪʲôæΪʲôҪȥġҵӡ
·Ѿüˣ½½ҾߵԼ¼ң죬Ķȫᵽ¼ҡ
⣬һЩԷ
ҦҰ֮סķӵķǸͦˡҪߣ֮󣬾˻Ѻ𣬶Ͷұûס£ǰˣ㷿һ͡
죬һ磬ͰĴᵽ¼ңȻܶˣϴ͡
Ѽ⣬һȫˣ߲˹ϹҲһЩ
ЩǴԼģʱ򣬸̰Ǹˣ˵Ǹ̰
ҽ͸ֵ̰ˣȻܾǳ˳ȻͿؿʼˣм仹ȥ
²ڳ֣ϣҲֻԱ߿ˡ
ֽż죬øҵĳջͬʱһ˻ɫζȫġ
֮ǰȥҳԹĺ±ѼɫζǴγԵһģһ


95 
ǴȥҳԷʱ, ±ѼǳģڷԼ, Щȡ
, ƽﰴ̫˲ŶԣôǹȥûãͶôˣ
Ǹ̰ǰк׼ͣ
о, ΪԵʣ󲿷˱˵ˣʳĶϲȫպû˵Ҳͺ٣λһõĸǺ, Ҳ֪̰ôġ
Щʵĳյ治Ǵѧģ
ҴСҸѧˡЦЦ, Ȼ͵ͷæ, ûи̸˼
Ҳˡ
ﲻ˶֣¥ȥԼķ䡣
ӣһװ, һ¥´͵ĵطһ鷿һģ˾סҡ
ռ, Լ˹ȥ鷿²ѧϰá
϶ѧϰ, š
ڽ˷䣬ҳֽдٵ
ЩӣһֱڻԼ֪طʲôģϧ֪ķ֣ʱѾˡ
˼ҵķӣ֪ĺá
ٸһЩİɡһûϹѧĿ治
Щ˵ʵҲûá
ȱоԱȱֻĻ϶ȱܶѾ˵ĶҪҲ˵ġ
ȻˣǿȿĹһЩĹҵƷʱңԸǵĹҽĹ
Ͼйһ˿ܿǹңҪһ˿
⼸꣬õļꡣ⼸ڴ̣һʱ˲ǹҡ
ԺǴ̣Ϊ˻ָͻ뾡취ĹǮˣ
˵ģ˵ҽҩһ顭ҽ֮ΪʲôôȫܹҲû˵ҽΪʲôܸҽΪҽıйҩʱ֧֣
ʱûз֮ķ˰յģǹĽƷõļ۸񣬽ǵıҵ壬ЦǣĳЩˣǮ֮󻹻˿ӺԼͬ
ŸֽãȻͿʼдԼԵһսġԤ⡱
Ĳ࣬Щ飬Ǹ˵ˣͬûʲô
ֻܽԼ֪δдԤ⣬߻١
Ȱһһо٣ȻͿʼսԼйӰ졣
ϱȥʱʮ꣬ΪС֪ԼԵʣȻϲ飬ûоʷĻ
Ͼоûʮо͸ûʱ䡣
ΪֻдС˵дġ
ǵһ׿£ȥдһս
һʼдʱֻԼϱ֪ʷĶ֮дȴǶʷˡ
ʼԼĽǶطÿңⳡս
ıʼ£һԾȻֽϡ
սķΪìܣսȴڶӰ졭
һддͣˡ
д˵һսķԭҲд˻ɵĺд
Щִһ˶ҵϵģֻ֪
¥ıдЩҵıǿд
дʱ򣬼˺ܶԼĿддһսǹҵӰʱ
֪дʮŸֽ
һŸֽдһһǧңҲ˵дһ֡
дֵٶȲ죬θǱдģһдôʵЩϡͣ±ʵʱֶˡ
Լĳɹ⡣
ݸӣ޸ܳˣֱӸټĹȥ
ݸʵûдꡭдȥĵдˣͬټĹȥ
뵽ᷢ飬еܡ
ǹǵһսսʤȴѹûܵսʤĴ
սʤͷʵʵġ
꣬ձ˵£ͬսͬʱӢƭʮйգǰŷޡ
ʱ˵ǷӢ̫أҪʮй͹ȥĹǹҵĹ˿սʵϣЩй͹ŷ֮󣬺ܶ˱ս֮Ĺս
ǳǰֶʶȥŷΪ˴ˣȥŷޣԵȴսɵĸ۵Ĺ
ؿͬ¹ڻըķѣҪܣȴǹӢ˷ˡ
ȥŷ޵·ϾͲ߰˰ˣʬ屻ӵ˳磬սˣһʱҲûܻعڹ
ǵ塣
Ǵɽˣһս֮󣬵¹ΪսܹóɽĸȨ
ЩȨȻƽձ
һУʹ˶ķ
Щ飬ʵû̫ˡ
룬óһŸֽд
磡ˣûд̫ã²¥ˡ
ȥֽ룬¥ȥ
Ǹ̰ҲĿˡ
ϲ̰ЦЦȻԼ͸
̰͸ˮƿ
ʮǰ¹һҹʼˮƿڣϺѾгˮƿˣֻǼ۸ǳ
̰ˮƿǺܴһˣ
ˮƿȻȥˮ̰ݲ衣
ֱǸˮƿˮпݲˮ㡣
⣬óһЩʳлӣҲй۽ҽҪҪԣ
̰˻ʣѾˣ
ͷѾˣǾסˡ
̰ʲôȱģ˵˸Էֵĵط
ţ洫ʦˣ㿴Ҹʲô
⻰˵꣬͹ˣﻹһˮƿ
̰
ҲڰŸ̰ЦЦԴӸ̰һѽ¿Ը̰ûôˡ
ЩлӢԱԱȣֲ̰֮͸ø̰ˡ
ʦҰѽ¿ĸ͸Ǯȫˡ
лл
лЦЦ¿ĵڶںҪˣѾõ£
˵Ժÿڶ棬¡һֱӵĻ
ĥţôζҪһġ
أ
֮ûãκͤʢԻͬ£һˡ
糵ģܴյһ
ֹһڱٻҵӡݵܱ³Ҳˡ
󣬿Ҫʱ򣬳ϰͽҲˡ
Լʱ֮ϵˣȫ뵽˼С


96 ڶ
˺ܶ, һŰ£լ, Ű, һԷŵϣӿԲ̨档
óլӵԭ˼, ֻʱ߶Ѻܶࡣ
ֻ͵ĴһŰϣǸԲ̨档
Բ̨ľ˸ķĿӣСһÿԽԲ̨ڰ, ں֮ǳȵ
ƽѧʦκͤϸոպãʣµ˺һϡ
², ǲġ
Է, Ů˶ڳªϰԼĸ׺óдһȺпͣǲʵġ
Ȼ, ƽѧʳôһԣԶԾûô
ʱķ͵ģתɱܸߣҪŹ, Ȼ󹩵һϣߵֹͣ硣
ǳԷʱѾе, Ϳ˵ƣʢԿúϲԺǮҲҪȥһͨˮͨլӡ
ҪǲһǮţլˡѧУһʢԹϵʦ
ʢΪһϲֻƽ˵Ҫȥ
˵Ҳܵϣκͤ˵ƽѧ̵ĽȻָҪȥѻƬˡ
ҽɲôǮˣѹûջǮʢԵæŽ¿飬˯ʱ䶼ѹˡ
һһ߳ԣмٲÿҫһϵĲˡ
ʱгϵʳԶô࣬ϵĲ˶ǳģҵĳһЩҳ˶øζ
ϰͳԵ棬һ߳һ߻ŬֱЩϣЩϣЩҶԲǴӴ󷹵궩İɣ
Ǹҽĳġ
ϰ循̾ѣյãҴûԹôóԵĶ
ҲǰûԹôóԵģΪعʱ̡̫Ǽóѵģƽѧ֮Ҳʶˡ
ǣĶײԼҵĺóԡЦ
ǴӹģϰͽһĻ̾ʣȻԼĶ
ǹôͷֲ㣬ͲʶϰĶӡ
֮ǰи̰κͤҲͬûдϰӵϢ
ϰעҪʧˡ
ٷԵı
Թʢκͤͬȸǣϰͽ컹Ҫ£Ҳˡ
ţ³ٻҲˡ
֮ǰԷʱ³˸ŵ˵ֻҪѡͽͯȫǱһ飬ø˷ܣ³һߣͶԸ̰磬ѧӢĵʱˣǿȥɣ
ٴһĸ̰
̰ŸҲˣֻκͤʢ
ⷿӲ˰ɣϵǮɻƼ˶ˣκͤʡ
УŷķӾȻ֮ãķӿ϶ˡȻЩǮӦҲġ
ǮˣҸ˷ڸȻͽ򷿵ľ˵ˡ
ⷿǧˣôˣκͤһ
ǧܱˣ档
֪լӣ˵ǧˣǧҲóȥģַӣͳҲû٣۸ֻǲκͤЩ˼ҼҪǮͼˣ˵ģԸڸҲͲҪǮôôˣ
ʢԵǺ֣Īլʲô⣿
֮ǰû룬һ룬ҲԼ̫˳ˡ
Ǹ̰ܵģ̰϶ô򵽣и̰ڡ
ⷿǸҽܸҵģǿڸҽϣҵͼۡ
κͤЦЦӦþˣӦõ븵ҽԸʾл
Ӧˡ
κͤʢ뿪ȥ֪ǳѾǰѳʰãҲϴˡ
ϣдһЩԼδķ
д˺ڶһ磬ͽڰ󡷺ĸӻԼдЩȫĸ˻١
żĳȥ֮һɣȻȥһ˽Щ¶
ʱ򣬽ڽЩ֡
ĸտʼѧûãѧĲôдúܳЩдľ͸ˣǽЩӣдú棬һΪҪһ
Щӣֻ꣬ôµģҲһ㲻ġ
ЩӶ졣
վſڿһͷѧϰĶӡ
ûдЩѧϰ뿪ȥ衣
Щ¶֮ˣֻҪչŮӤҪˡ
ĻɣΪǰڹ¶Ժſ˵ŮӤ
ڶӡһãմģһǸŮĸ׸ͷŮµġ
ŮӵĸƣһڼӣŮرˣҲˣûǮƣŮҤȥ
ôȰûãͰŮ͹ˣŽ
˵֮ǰ˶ͯкŮ
ⲢŮӣΪŮŮӤǴûгĻᡣ
߸һĺӣ²òˣлȥ͵кһûҪϾҲ죬ױ˶Ůͬ
ͷܶ಻ԣļͥûǮȢϱǺͯϱġŪСŮԼң⺢Ӹţӣټ޸ǵĶӡã
⣬ԺҲҪ߰ŮӵġŮЩ˲ˮź˵Ļܽӿˣֻ׬
Ůӣһǲͷġ
˽⵽ˣʵϣдġ˼ǡиƵдֹһɰŮӡ
ŮԼĸĸ˼ҵͯϱǼ˶Ǵ˵ԱòġСɷ򡱳ʣӳԣһֻ֡
ȻӳˣҪؼңʶؼҵ·
ģҼңǾͿʼһˡ
Ůӻߣӵ·ͷ룬ֲһ·Ѿ·һﶹһӡĶӭ졣
Ůӳ˶õѣҪ˺óԵģԼóԣ͸ԣأ˵Լˣöԡ
ͬѹʿ࣬һһ£ҵŮĸĸ
ŮŸĸ˹ȥĸĸȻһ٣ȻҪͻ˼ȥ
ΪˣǼҪĸĸѵǮȥĸĸǲԸ⻹Ǯġ
ŮӣôһαԼĸĸͽ˻ѣǼ˻䱾ˣҪ
Цˣٲӳȥռʱÿˣˡ
˱ľ㶵ģѾ
͵͵ȥͳԵģһ㷴ӦûУֻܻеظɻ
ǸõĺӣȷʵǸ硣
ŮӣˡȻҲǶġ
Ȼ󣬽ŰǼˣҵĸĸҪĸĸǮ
ĸĸʬϿޣҲ֪ǿȥŮǿ޲òȥһǮ
Ů󱻹˲ϯˣ⣬˸
ߵլһ뿪ˡ
ֹһ죬ڶڵĽ¿ˡ
Ϊ̰Ľ飬һڵĽ¿һЩݣһ㡣
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97 
ѧУ
һ, ʢĽ¿༭ԱʢԵı´ʹ, һĽ¿Уſ, ѧУ顣
Уʱѧѧʱ䣬ƼǶڰ峵ϵһ, ѧһ˼ˣͣǽ¿
Կˣ
֪ûĴָһĹ£

Щѧһһģ۰Ͱ͵ؿЩ¿ȴҲ̿Լĸף֣ҲҪ¿, ȥһɣ
ѧУѧ¿ʱ򣬾ѧûж, ϾʱǴûⱾ־
־ٳû, ǻЦЩĵģһڵĽ¿Щȴֻʣ¶Զĵ˵Ľˡ
Ȿ־Ȥˣ
õѧ, ֻܵȱ˿ˣٽ˵鿴ܼ谮ѧǾͿʼԼĸĸȥˡ
, Ҿȥ򣡡ˬ˵
Ҫ򲻵ô죿ϸǲ͹˺ö򵽣ѧֵ֣ھȥɣ
׵, ֻͬˡ
һ绹Ҫ·ȥ顭֪ͻǮһˣǼֲȱһ
ȻˣЩĸΣȴҲЩĸ鲻
һ֮ǰԹѧУƭǮĸףͷǳˡ
ͦõģˣ
ҦҲѧУ
Щ飬;
ѧУö¿ʱ붩ģҲؼҸԼ˵ˣ̲ϸǮ
ڣܶȴʲôûС
˽ڶһ¹ȥˣûпһڡ
˿ԿñãΪǶ顣
ҦĲޣ²Ư·Ư߽ѧУ͸ˡ
¼֮ǰôȴúô࡭ƾʲô
ȻˣȻޣҲֻ룬ȥ²鷳
²ҵ˵
ҵҵùٲˣ
ҦôţͷѧУ
²ûע⵽Ҧ꣬Լͬѧ˵
²ǰͬѧҾҲмҾõġ
иŮûʲôǮ飬ΪǼҾֻĸŮûжӡ
ڽĸŮûжӣӵĶӻû˶֮󣬾ͿʼŬĸŮѧһǼҵӾͲùˡ
¿飬ǼûǮȥģŮ͸²飬ȻؼңԼĽú鳭¡
Ǿܷˡ
ڸ²˵ϣ²֮ܽ
Ѿˣ㡣²󷽵ذ缸͸Ѿ¿Ǹͬѧ
лл㡣Ůм
л²
һŮ̾ó¿ͲСİֽ²ȴó꼶鿴
ôڿ꼶飿²ͬܿʡ
²
ʲôܿ⣺Ҳ̫ˣ
̫ˣҪǲҿѧѾʮˣ²
ܿסˣҪѧ
ţҸҿѧ²ԼҲ뿼
ܿĽؿ²񣺡á
²˵ͷ
ʼ֮ԽԽʶĸܺá
˵ĸףûúã
Լĸסˣûиף
ãһøʧ²ôţͷѧϰ
ʼѧϰʱ򣬾ѧӶ࣬ڻͦӦġ
ܿȴó˽¿
ֱӾ󷭣ȿ˸ͯȻͿˣСŮ̫ˣȲҿ˼ĶҪء
һܿȻͿʼǰݣһȴԽԽˣεĽ¿֮ǰĸÿ˴滹дͼƬ⡭һʻֱϾŸ㡭Ҫô
һڵĽ¿˼ƪԵ£һЩȤζѧʲôģǺ˼ģѧУѧúϲһЩˣҲͬϲ
̰ͦϲġ
ڶ֧֣һٱ¿һûǸԼ֮ͽʣµȫĸԼĴ硣
飬ϼҵĺǿ
̰Ȼϲ飬·˷ͷˡ
кܶҪ
ȥŷǱоԱеĲ˳ڹҵ˼оԱҲһЩùء
ȴ
⣬ҪæҽԺĿ裬æϵ飬ûʲôʱȥ
̰æţ˽ˣ٣ҵţ
ؼţʼٶȷǳϺţҪʮŵá
ϺؼţٶȻǺܿġ
ҿ̰
ܿ죬һǳţƤֽŷͱ˸̰ǰ
̰ŷ⣬ȡһֽ
ôôֽҴĸϣ±ĸĵˣ
̰ôţĿԼǰĸֽϡ
ҵһĺÿֻǽ֣֮ǰһдֽϻͿĵĺۼ
ݸֽӦдֱӼĹģ޸ܳ
̰ôţ¿ȥȻԽԽء
ݸֽдŷڷսԼɵӰ컹к
һʼͷʱֻþ壬ܰѹʽô͸
Ȼ
֪Ʋⳡս򣬶дģǼпܷġ
ҵ˭֪ùصҲˣȻԹôʶ
дЩ飬һֱϵܵˣ֪ģ
ЩûкܸߵԼ²ܣ϶д
м䣬ܿѧʶԨͣҲСˣȻ϶д¡
̰λԸ͸¶ʵ˾֮顣
֣Ѷٽл̰
˵꣬óʣȻʼдҼš
ţҪ飬һĸĴ磬һԼ
ԤҲǴģƪҲ㹻ʡ
̰ڳŵʱȴд˺һٵţȻ˳ȥ
εд˵ĶԼľʱĲ²⡣
ʱǳң֮սúܶŹ
ǴӰѹǮƣȻΪԼǿ󣬾Ǯѵʿӹ⹺װʿʿװֿʼҪԼĵ̣ŪЩյѹθǮ
սˣʧܶ˿ڣǧٿ׵ĹңȻԽԽ㡣
֪ԼֹԼд·ȥЩҲ⣬д١ٵĸףôǸľ
ٱҲǳ


98 
Ȼż˳ȥ, ⲻһܸıδ
, ٿܸͲ˵ǡ
ֻܾ, ˡ
磬пΡ
¿ı༭ûãеԱȴҪҵط, ʢԾƽѧһƽ༭
ǽ¿ڶӣһȥ˱༭ҪæпѧУĿξ͵磬Ŀ, ˡ
æô˵ѧ, Щѧѧϰȷǳϲ, ǸڵǸ༶ѧøǺá
ӢĿδкܴĹϵÿ춼°شȫͬѧѧӢģ˭ӢѧĲãᶢ˼ѧ, ôһҵĳɼѡ
Ͽεʱרſ佱˸һø¿ε칫
һ¿, ʹԼλϴ˳ȥ׷߳˰칫ңʦ, ʲô£
˰칫ңóһԪѡ
һԪǾϲҪ֪ϴεĸֻë
ǵģ¿ĺܺãȫˡǡϻظĸѺ٣˼㷭ˣõĸɺ١
Ԫոµģ⣬ƯԪˣСؽ֮
ʱֶҿЩͯȫдķǳáһڵĽ¿ϣǳǡСŮ֮⣬ѾˡСѼŮСʵ۵¡
Ŀ佱⼫ˡ
ֻǣűֵע⣬˵дĺãǷĺãƷ˺ܶԼ뷨һЩڣȷʵѹдĺܺãԭƷģڽ¿Ͽǵ¿ôдĻûǸһġ
ΪʲôдĲ𣿡Щˡ
дĺܺãǱ˵ƷЦЦҾдС˵֡ҪҪԼдĹ£
סˣҲд
Ȼܡ㲻ǺϲĴָдһͻȻСˣȻ顣
ҸһΪ˸˵һ¡ͽͯĳ⡣
뷨ڽ¿ϣĲ׼ȷûʲôҪĻûǰԭ档ϾǱ˵С˵ġ
һ棬ȴ򸵻Լ塣
ڸ¿ģҪƽѧʦЩʦʵôóдͯ¡
Щ˵ˣֵ㷭С˵ܰѧǻڿдĹҲһúд
Ӧˡ
ȸˣдһ£㿯һڵĽ¿ϡ
ҪݿãֻǼˣҪܵضھһЩʱõĸӶĻȥ¿ٰĿҲǿԵġ
ôæһ磬͵˳緹ʱ䡣
緹ʳԵģ񣬽ҪĿζ࣬Ҳļ򵥡
ĩϼͺܺóˣնüˣɫѾܷʢ
ͷܶҪȥնʲôģСѾ
һԷѧУѧҲ˷ʢԼĲ˳оͰ
ƽѧѧȥԷģǰȥԣϰߴѧУˡ
ܶݵʱѧӢģǲֻòѧУ
ÿĲ˶ܷʢ죬ʹһеĺռ⣬ִһеİ⡣
˷صóһЩԼͬѧǻ˳ԡ
ǰģǽˡҽˡ˼ǡſʼע˵Ȼע⵽ߵĺܶͬѧǳ겻˵ġ
磬֮ǰʦʲôʡ
һ£Щ⡣
ǻ㷭£Ҫڽ¿Ͽ𣿡ѧʵ
ࡣҪڽ¿ϿǣԼдҪڽ¿Ͽǣ
ðɣʵûд
硭ʦǲ¥ѧʡ
ô֪ȼˡ
ĻߵЩѧһȻҾ֪ʦһ¥
ӢĶġϵ£ǱĲ࣡
ʢʦǽ¿࣬¥Ҳǽ¿࣬ʢʦʦһ𡭡Ͳµʦ¥ˣ
ʦǲ󣬾Ȼдôˣ
ͨӢĺͷģ

ߵѧ֪¥֮󣬺ܿ죬ѧУѧͶ֪ˡ
Ϊв²⣬ѾദܾãҲ̫ϡ档
Ȼˣһǿ϶ġ
ͻȻͷԼѧУѧԼĿС
ȻˣУֻһ졣
ڶ죬˼ǡͿλͶһһµŮӵ
ЩѧĿ⣬ʱǴ
ŮӺܿɰڶߵܸߣôˡ
ԭΪ飬˸мĸ̰һʱ䶼Թˣרܵİ칫ʣΪʲôҪдΪʲô
Ӧô죿ʡ
ӳȥͶһȥˡ
ȱٴôùġܻȥǸŮӣٳһЩЩ˺ܷŹ𣿡
Ĵ˵Ŀɲֹӣкܶˡ
Ĭˣʱ˵úû̫ѣ
䣬һʮӾʹ˽˵󣬻κͤ
ˣһ㶡
ǰİʱˣҲΪϿƬ
СʱͿ飬ǳ壬ʱ򿴵־ϲ֣ǰ֣Ƿǳ˼ңѧңһֱ֧˶ǲμ˸ϧձվɱ
ʶң֣ȵؿֵ¥ѾĴˣһֱ㣬ϧ֮ǰ£û㡣
ȥ׿ʼһֱ֣Լһ𿪵־Ϊ˲ʵ±ַˣһֱæ£־¿п
ǰڱҲԶԶ֣һ֣д£֣ǳ塣
¥һȣдЩ治ʲô֣
֣ȷʵôʵϣܶպˣڶУѧЩڶСѧ
˵֣ձѧعҲһꡣ
֣ܾ壬֣ϲƷ໥ţԽԽˡ
ĸκͤ
֣ϣдЩ£־ϡ
ûһڴӦ
֣˵Ǹ־ߣʵϣ±ͽ¿ЩʿĿ϶ͿأҪǸɢġĵȣ˼ԱȽϸߵġ
óд£Ĺ£дĻǸС¡
Ȼ£ǲдϾܶƵ£ѱǱддˣʲô
Ӧ֣Ժпջ뷨һд֣룬һȥ緹
֣ҾܺãǮҲ󷽣ֱӴκͤȥϺķ꣬߰˸ˣҪĸԪ
֮󣬻ǵһγôķֻǣͶ˵ʵûʲôϡġ
˵Ѽ֣ϺȷʵɫܶûԹִȫûбѼ
ֱʮʮһֻĿѼֻóԣϾ˼÷ŸֵϺʳƷӼζֻûãϺ߶û
˺ܶ࣬Ҳĵ˵ơ
Щκ֣ͤ˵
˵Լ᲻ʲôû˵κ֣ͤδɡ
дС˵ǴСȥдģºץˣʡȷʵӲ漰ΣҲдһЩ˼ԵĶ
Թ֣뿪ˡ
һˣͦ˵ģ벻ǣ磬ּһǳģĳЩվʱĴ󺺼
⣬ҪκͤһЩѧǰӢĹ˵
ӢĹûѾ˲ٹˣκͤһЩҾãԸڹѧѧÿȥĹǶ顣
ЩѧκͤѾѡˣΪЩѧĹã;ЩѧȥٵĹԴ˺ܸȤһȥˡ


99 
⼸, ĵһֱţƽѧ, ڵĵطԭʵ, ȴѾˡ
̰ҪҽԺлҪĹ¶Ժλƽѧ, Եش
ȻˣٵĹ⣬ϾҪܴһأҪôһأҪǮСĿ
κͤʮȥڹѧѧ, һ˵糵
ִʱûӵĹͼƬ, ʱĵ糵, ԶִĹü
û취ʱĽ̫ͨˡ
ڵ糵Ｗ˰Сʱʮӣ˻ٵĹ
ѾΧΧǽ, ſкǹʵʿվڣʮѧһĻǾ˷ܡ
Щʿʹ˵⣬ȥ, һиųʮ˴, ˵Ĺ£ȻԴ˽ȥ
һȥͿ޴ΧǽΧѾһŵƽЩƽǰݶ϶һЩ·Ӧǵõġ
¹ȻܵЩǸסᣬĹ˻ֻ࣬ٶˣԺиĹҲٸһţ
ٿ⹤һ¡κͤĲ˵˵ԸôĹˣúܶ˻ȥĻᡣ
ǶơЦ
κͤͬصͷȷʵ˵ǰ˶١֮ǰȻⳡϵҶ˵ǲϳԿģûʲôġ
ڿǰˡ
Щڰ춼ڰŸǷӣϾͿˡնٵ˼ԺҪ˽ֵֺѧöãֻϣǲҪᡣ
ܵѧ֣ԺһЩܶһκͤһ·һ·ߣһ˺ܿڸǳĵط
ͯ
ڴԽǰĳ϶ᱨѹӶͯϰץߣʱڡӢԸͯ¡
ΪȱӪʱõļͥˣгһߵģһ弸ĶټŮ˾͸ˡ
ǰЩ˻û׳һְݣںģŹĹžͿ
ԼƺԼһϻЦ
̴󺣾Цŵˡ
ǸǳһשֱôģϾôرש顣
ǽשźţһݺύķǽпյģ濴ܿשһ档
ôǽҪġ
Ǳ￴ʦǽ̴һûף￴ˣԱߵשͷȻǾͶɵǽˣȥשˮࡣ
װ˰ֵƬˮͰҨһЩˮ࣬Ĩשͷϣǽ֮Ƭü¡̴һһߵ磬˵ǳʲô
׷̲˵˿ڿˮ
̴󺣵ǰڼû˳Թ׷óԡ
Ҳ׷ܺóԣ׷ҨǾ͸óˡ
ýģֱӾ࣬һܹȥü롣
̴ֵǵϰҲ̫ˣӻûôԣ±Կô
˼Ǯء֪ϰ彫Ҫʲôſվŵ϶ǹϰҪģǱ
ĻЩͲҲͽĹȥˡ
µ˸ɻɶˣ΢곤ģ־ر֣ɲ˾ϸĻ
˵߰ɣµŮҪ첹·ûģũŮȥ廨ѧᡣ
ֲڵְŪ̫ϸߣѵȥ˿˿ˡ
Щ˾Ͳһˣǵֶô֣ȥװʲôģһⶼûС
ôţһڿˮ
Ҳˡ
ɵúܣô˹ˣԷˣ
ȫûмȥԷȽԼϵĹ߷źãȻųɼ飬һʳȥ
Ǹʱǵʿ̵ġ
Щ˶ʳóԷģǱ߳׷κͤЦſκͤκǻûԹɣ⣬ҲȥʳóԵ㣿
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˳Ʋ϶óԣ˳Աˮƽ١
ϯ䣬ٲֿ˿١
ֻǣǿԺõʱ澹Ȼһɧҡ
ɫһ䣬λԣҳȥ
ܿͳȥˣκͤҲȥ
ιģʱȻҪȥ
һ˳ţͿʳõſڣһȺŤһ
һ¥£Ѿס֣ٴҾͰǸϻȥ
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֣һڵһôöķԺӦþǺĸһĻ
Щܵ˶ʱȫͣ֡
֮ǰû֣ͣӦûǸµĻ
ô£·ŭʵ
ЩεһЩһһﲻͣ˵˵˵ţһģҪˡ
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µɫԽԽѿʱǸ֮ǰ꿪ˣ
ϵ·ģûв뵽ȥͬʱ˵Ҳпϡ
δΪһڳԵġ
Щ˳Է׷ܹ˵Ļÿζ̲˶
̲˶յġ
ÿ춼ȥ򼸸ڳϵˮͻ͸ˣҲӵ
ˮͳ٣ȴ࣬Щ˵ǲɶõζ
ε򣬾һһԡ
ȻЩ궼¯أ¯ذܶ಻ͬĴǾͰմ֮࣬һЩС壬ֻܣܿݱܡ
ԣɻ͵
˯࣬˯ĥ
ëƤĸĦһ𣬿ɲҪˣ
ҲһĲҰˡ
Ժ鷢ǱڲԳˣԸιҲǳԣ˺
Ǹ꣬̾Ͱæһ顣
ֵҿǾеģȻܣԺϱ
ľվɽ⻰ԼͬͬʱϰµġԺҲҪɻ
Щһǳģһ
ǰһѾˣϻȥϴͷ˯ȥҲҪǸɻԵ


100 
Щ궼Щ, û˾ǲԵġ
֮ÿ˶ֵ·, ԵҲá˼Ҹôô, úøɻӦõġ
ʵͦģСɻ, ûʲô
ЩͷŽµأһΡ
»ͦӵģܵ⼸ԷˣʣµĶȥԷ˾ȥǰĿţҿ㣡˵緹ˣ
µ˵, Ͱŷһ顣
ĻЩ̶, ЩԷ, Щֱµ˵ĵطȥ
ǶЩѧʲôģǴǣƽǾöǡ͵ĺ¶ӣⷨá¶κͤ, κͤȥԡ
κͤѾˣǼѧûԺã˱ֻصϡ
ʮѧǼҾõģƽĻ᲻, ϵĲˣǱԵһɶ
ǹµľ͵λ, Ժѧֱӹ߳ԷҵʱᰲźáΣҲֱסߡ
Ը𣿡κͤЩѧ
ЩѧȻԸģκͤʶԼѧܴ֮󣬸ǸǸܲʮѧ
ԭȣǴʮѧֳ࣬ÿģʵÿն߸á
ԵúãҲеطѧϰ
ǵнˮӣʱûֵϿεģҲܰ£֪вСκͤʡ
ǹһڴӦǳӭѧʶ˹϶ûġ
ȥĹʦһ˵ҪʮԪЩߵĶԸЩѧÿÿֻҪĸУٻ㲻
ڹܷסĵط⻨˶Ǯ
˫̸ܿˡ
ǹµֵʮһλСȥѧȥסĵطס޵ĵطܻ̫á
ֻʮλκͤʶ˰ҲεѧˣָλѧУʦ
Ǹµһ㶣漴ϲؿԭû뵽ôᣡǶٶƳ磬һֱǣǼһҪúд֮ǰ֪Ҳˣ治˼
һӾ˵һǸĻǱȶκͤҪ顣
ٺˡ
ǶٺϲƷЩ£ȫˡѧ͡ҽжĽ¿ǶҲͷڽ˵ҪЩѧǹµֵ
ѧԶݵؿʦ̫ˣȻҲ飡
κͤû뵽پȻĶߣ´һٰ£ӦðϲŶԣһð࣡

µ߿佱ʱһߣЩ˶ѾԺ÷µȥĵطˡ
ܹٶˣֳӽͬӣȥ֮ǾͷһЩոµΡ
Щεǰ棬һǽǺɫģ棬һЩӣϻ顣
Щ˽֮󣬲ҶĶҲȥЩӣȫڽҵ档
̴Сĵŵӣ磬Ӻÿʲôİ
ıܸӣЩ㶣ûػ
̴ʱѾעתˣ磬߻飬ϻлأƯ
ע⵽Һŵ飬߹ȥһͷϣдš¿ĸ֣滹һŻ
׵֣ʵϵĲ࣬˳飬ȴ˺֣ܶȻҲкܶдǲʶ
¿̲סˡ
ˣȻ˼ҵ飡Ūô죿˿һĻ
̴Ҳܵģ磬Ҫˡ
ҾͿ
﷭ģǵڶڵĽ¿
һҳĿ¼ٷһҳһĸ֣Ȼһ£дһֻסھܣֻоô
һЩķţһЩԲȦһֻھܡ
￴£ͻȻãԼֻܡ
ǰ¯أܾԼҪǼ£һԳͷأڿⱾ£ͻȻԼļʶʵ̫١
ľδ
Ϻ飬ڶˣ
飬˴˽̧ͷȥͿµĴһȺ͵ˡ
վںʲôλ£µ˵
е㶣ﵹǴų̴󺣣ǰλˡ
˲֪ʲôģһ֪ˡ
һң
ǡĪл飿
ò̫ܣĪڴ
ڴʱ򣬽ڷ׷λˡ
ǽĵһҡ
ЩŻλһȣıֳƵڲ֮ͬǰҲµķЩ
ӡͦõģʣҽʱ򿴵ڿ飬飿
ǵġæվ
ʣ飬Ϊʲô
ҼǱˣӹȥĹȻ˵Ĳ
ȥһһƪ¸µ
ʶؿµġ
㻹ȥ̫ˣµĵ
̾ʹӺһ¿
ֱһƪ
ոտģһϲ
ûȻмֶˣĶĺܺá
ĺܺáֿµģҾԵİ೤Щѧ
ǹµĵԺİ೤ˣŵѧǿЩѹѧᡣ
˵꣬µֶŽŵ˴͵ԺÿϣǶҪ飬ѧ֣ѧѧúõģٻάǳ⣡
ЩãȻ
µһҺʱŷһ
ķ룬ŵĳ̴Щˣˡ
ûɣǾȻѧ֣
ѧĺãܳ⣬ԺܵƹһʮԪнˮҪѧãֻܸĻһԪƹֵ
ŷһһʱޱȼ
ѧĺܺãô˵ԺһʮԪ
Ҫ֪ƹģһֻĸԪ
ȻˣҲͬ
ϺǹߵĵطˣСطԪĹǳ޴
Щ˶СطģʮԪ˵һʾ޿ھȻһ¾һ¾Ȣһϱ
һҪúö飡
µ˵һȻలѧʦ
Ǽ¸ȥ֮ǰµĻ֣һߣʱ˵ĻŽһ¡
˵Ӧˡ
µʣˣʲô֣
ҽ̾͵
µĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô֣ȴһ㶡
ʵ̫ˡ
ʱڣиĺ飬ͽȻƬҲɨ˼ۣӡֻǵã󺺼¯ˡ
¯֣˹ȥˣһһˣ͵˾ʦְͷŪԼͷӡ
һʼֻǸٸᣬĴǮֵµԽԽ࣬ͿʼΪһձ˴ձ˹ᣬŴҵ
Ȼˣ³ãҵսʿɱˡ
ļվ磬涼ʱ򣬿Ѫڵġ
ӰӾ׳ǰȴǸƤͷꡣ
ˣ
¯صġ

ˣǷǳϲġ
Ķˣ㱻ж˿ҲΪ
ǰ꣬ŷǳ޺һ㶼Ǹ˵еɱħ
ﻹʲôˣʡ
һһһܵܡ
¯Ǳ֣ǵΣʡ
ҳҸԪʮʳһ£ǮܼĻȥһţ˵ţ˷һ˫۾ġ
ʡŵԣһһһʳ㹻ҪǲҰʲôĳԣܸʡ
⣬ԪϺĵطܶණˡ
Щ˳̾ܿԣܻܶ࣬ݼ
ҪһºǮĻȥ͸õļ˹ˡ
˵󣬴լڳһԪĶΪõԪˣ᲻ˡ
ڻһ·
úѧԺ׬ǮܰѼ˽Ϻߵɱ¯غöˡ
ΪȻ
һʣעһ⣬ʲôû
һҽһңȫһ
ƽѧʮѧԱ㣬ֿһ˫˫ѧ۾ȲؿʼЩѧϰˡ
Ƚ
Щ꣬ʮʵǻģǲ˵Ҫǽǹ
Ƕѧ÷ǳ档
ǸµҪЩѧúѧûҪпαÿ˶УѧúõĽһˣʣµľֽʳ
׶׳𣬻ҲһζضЩ˺á
Ҽˣ˵İ졣ǹµЦûбĽ顣
ͺκͤŸһЩ顣
Ͽֻ˰Сʱӣ꣬ȥ˸ƽѧѧסķӡ
һģСмǸҸһŴͷȾͷѾЩסĵط˲֪٣Դʱ˵ȷʵе
ƽѧ⼸ѧﶼƶڼһһܶ˯һŴƽѧѧסĵطʵҲͦ
Ѿǳˡ
֮ͺˣһ˱뿪ص硣
ؼҵʱѾˣϴһ£ϴ˯ˡ
ڶ죬ճƽѧϿΣ̰ȴյҵš
ǵλɼ飬ҲǸող֪ģҾȻѾ֪ˣ
ҵ˭
ЩֵǶǴ
Ҳûָյ˵ʲôҪ˵ǾݴΣ١дţʲô
̰ǲ뿴ľģЩʱ򣬴ҲΪ
ĸףҲһȰдĶ׿ˣҲ޻̸֮
̰Īؽ꣬üģҵŷڻ˳ȥ
ĳţ̰ȥԳȥƽѧ
ǰķʱ򣬻ȥϷڡȥģʲôӱ뷨


101 Ӱ
д˼ǡ, ̰ˡ
ҽЩϲ
Ϊ͸̰ھӣǻʱ, ʵ֤ˡ
Щæ, ûȥݷø̰մӸ֪̰ͬæ, ʱ϶ܻؼҡ
߿ҽԺĽȣ˳̰Ц
˸Ӹ̰ʵһֱȥݷøҽϧеࡣ
æúܣ㲻һҵҡ̰ϵĸֽʣд˼ǡ
˵ͷ֮ǰæŹ¶Ժ, ¶ûʲôˣڴд㡣
̰ҹʵûʲô, дɡ
һֱдҲдЦЦ, ע⵽̰Щڣǳƣʣҽǲʲôˣ
һЩ顣̰Ҳ֪, ҽһֱݣ֪ôȥԹڵҽҩչܲȴΪ, ʱúܡ
뵽дԼţ̰ͺò
дİô, ²ļȴĿꡣ
ȻЩû˵ֻܽű˵
ҽֻҪľˡҿܶຢӳԶԲʱҲܣû취ˣֻܼ顣
ʱ֮һֱ˼ҪҪֱ˵ԼǴδģȻʷ߱ˣҵ˶㿪Ƕʷ
˵ˣҲ
Щ˵ǳᱻɱ̨߱ǲҪȨƣ˼Ը⣿
ĳˣ˵ȻһȳΪͳ᲻òߣɴˣԸ⣿
˵δйΣִĻ˭˭ܷ
ʱҡ
Щ֪Լʧܵˣܻһ·߻߸ɴֻҪɨƽϰȻָɸˡ
ΪЩᣬȥԼΨһģҲֻСѡ
ľͺá
ֵڣֻ취һбøáҽûһЩҽҽԺ⣬ǲǿԿһЩгҩҽۣ
гҩ̰Щ⡣
ܶҩ̶ҩЧܺõҩĳƷҩҾЩҩƷǿҩġ֪һЩõгҩ˵Ч衢εܾҩ⣬з;͡ʺ֮ĳҩ
ȻˣЩҩϱӵõ˵ǳѳԣûõģǾˡ
ϰҩҩҩڻûܿͻˡ
󣬽䶯ϰҩӵΪϽҩӺͷûк̨ˣúʵ̫ѡ
̰ǰĻɺܶ࣬û뵽ţȻĽ
˵˼άǻԾ̰һʱ䶼ûյ˵ˡ
͸̰һģá
񣬹ڰʵҽҲǡǡΪһЩ˲ŻŬΪҽ˵ϣſѧҪﶼˣҩ
ƽѧʦʹҽȻˣǵмʶҲҽá
ЩҲ˵ЩԼ飬˼õҽӡ
ֽ̰ʣһһ¡
ע⵽õıʣԼ֮ǰ͵ġ
ôһģ͵磬̰ƽѧԹȻȥһÿΡ
ڵĿΣѾԭȵİˣֻһڿΣ֮󣬸̰͵ĻһȻʣҪллġȥӰ
ʱѾĬƬԿˣϺҲ˵ӰԺҿӰҲͿϡ棬ΪʱĬƬ಻ÿ׿ֶûУ
ں̣ܶûʲôݣȥȥôĬƬҿ϶ǸϲϷģȻˣԺĬƬԽԽ࣬ԼʼĵӰǵӰͻԽԽˣֵӰǡ
֮ǰڳϰ﹤ʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ӰԺˣʱĵӰʵûʲôȤҲûȥ
ڸ̰룬һڴӦˡ
ȥҲã˽һʱĵӰԺ
˵ִŮԼȥӰ񣬸̰ҪлȻӰ
ӰԺ硣
ִĵӰԺװ޵ĶݻʱĵӰԺͦªġ
ӰƱۣҪ˺ܶ࣬һֻҪһë
̰ëǮǾ˽ȥ
ӰԺǸտӣʮ¶ӰӲࡪܶӱĻǰǰ˿ܻᵲס˵ߡǾǰλˡ
֮½½һЩˣЩһĻǰʵϣȴҲĻСϡ
ڵӰԺﶵ۹ӻһͭԪһݹӣӵô£ӵľ͵ײ棬ҲܿӰģǿȫǵģ￴ӰÿֻҪͭԪ
ԭЦЦȻʸ̰ҪҪӡ
װСƬֽɵĵͲһ¼Բ״Բ׶һݵ࣬Զ
ûǮӰģܶ඼һݡ
̰ܾˣʱӰʼˡ
ǰ׿ֵĬƬƬӳڴĿʼ֮󡭡Ӱһ㶼ÿ
ˣƬӻ̶ֻ̣ܶʮӣӰͷˡ
һʼʱ򿴸Ӱˣһ㡭⿴Ӱʵͦģûʲô˼
ʵϲԹӣʱϻǸֽͲ
һһͲӣܾùֵֹġߴߴ˵ŻĻʣСҪҪԹӣĹӳԲˡ
Щ⶯ͰѹӸǡ
лл磡һ
Сӻͦ˵ģи粻塣
̰Ӱһ˼ҡ
ȥȥĸ̰İڳϣ̰ȥҳ
²϶ƽѧԵģǰˣס磬ǻԼؼңһڴӦ
ǵҵʱײܻؼҵĸ
һʦã
ȥˣȻԷ̰ǼҳԷ
һ߸ߵżȥȥˣ͸̰£ˡ
£ܿͶĲһ
ǺռͰϺزһ࣬źܾ¡
ˣ뵽˵һʱ򸵼ҹڷʢĲɫ˵ʵҾֻиֵ̰ܣĲɫ
ĪؾЩԾ
˳Թ͸ǻؼˡ
Ҫдڰ󡷡
ؼҵʱ²Ҳˡ
ѧ꼶֪ʶ²һЩʣֽһЩӢģȻͻصԼ俪˵ƣʼд
Լķæʱ򣬻ٵĹȹˣƽѧѧǽΡ
κͤѧʱ򣬳˼ͥƶѧϰ⣬ῴһѧ᲻ὲΣЩѧͿʼ׼ˣεϵģġ
ﲢû
̵Ǽ򵥵ļӼϼ򵥵֣ⶼģҪһ飬ɴ濴¿
ʵ̫ÿˣ֪˺֪ܶʶ
￴÷ǳ棬¿εʱ飬ҵƽѧѧСʦô
һҪúö飬ȡƹһʮԪнˮ


102 ¶Ժ
ﳭ鳭, һд㲻϶зǣ, ϧ, Щд˺ܶ飬ǲʶ
ڣƽѧѧӡ󶼺ܺ, 
һ˺ü⣬ػص˯ĵطջȥͱһסĹΧסˣδ磬ô찡Ȼ, ˼˵Ǹ̫Ҳ˼ҵĻ
δ, ǸСʦ̵ļ, һҾ͸ˡ
δ磬Ҿѧ̫ᣬһ᲻ᱻϻؼң

Щ, ģǶ硱
˭ǸˣмΨһĶأ
Ȼῴ飬̫˲ˡ
Ҳʮ, ȻЩ죬ôͷǸ˵, Ҳ⵱Щ˵ͷѾˣҾͲˣɻʱҽ˵ģʱ˵һ䣬ҸҶһ䣡
ãЩ˷׷׵м֡
ӢĹԹѾˣûˮϴģЩ˸ϴ˯ˡ
̰ʱȴû˯
ͻӢһ𣬿Ҽš
ӢĵıЩ꣬һ̣ñӽЩסôģ
סøٲ̰͡ôǹܲˣΨһģø׶ԼֵµİպһЩ⣬ڴ̣Ҫ쿪׬Ǯ
Ӣ飬һֱšѾձǱŪһЩˣʱѾǺõĳȿӡǱߣҲȥҹˣŷǱ߲ŪҪĹˣܶ඼ͽˡǿȥսֱŪ
̰һ˼͵ԡϵһ£רȥ²Ĺ㡣ϣϵ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪǮЩʿ϶Ըŷ²һЩ˵ģ򵽻
ôȥǺܿҪûǮˡ
ӢִӱŨҾǸɫμңĳպԲŻԼݲҴš
̰Ҳôá
˵ܲϵͨţֱܶˡӢֵ
̰Ѿһڵϣ±忯һʾˡ
Ӣո̰ãڶһ磬ԼĹ̿
ȻͿϣһȺȻæţһæһߺȡ
һò̫׼Ĺһ壡
Ȼ˾͸ò̫׼Ĺﺰһ壡
ٺ߰˾ʮ
Ҳź߰˾ʮ
Ӣе£ڸ
٣ѧϰӢЩѧԺУͲõûˣֻЩˣһҪúỵ́һġµƣЩˡ
ӢȻ̹¶ôһУû뵽Щˣѧô档
ձȥʱ򣬿ȫ϶ġ
ôԸѧģӢʡһʼΪʮ֮һ˰ѧϰˡ
ѧúԣѧûԣǾԸˡµ˵
ӢȷʵǸð취ֵҪҲôɣһúö顣
Ӣڹ￴һȦЩǷˡǷӵ飬ǽרŸǷӵȥȽϺá
ЩҪʲô۳ϾҪˡ
һֱΪԼȥǹе۳
ȿ۳ȻԱ߻ٿ֯Ǳ߻ҪеʲôģԱߵĵҲˣʱ򿪸ųӢܿĳ飺ǸҺúøɻúѧϰԺһܹϺӣ
ж¯ǱߵķԵĹµģ̾ͰŻӢһ顣
̴ԣ弫ˣϰԵĴõģǲǶҪ磬ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲô
ɬɬ
һѣû˶Ԯ֣һֱϵˣֻԼġ˵֮ԶԳ̴Ϊ̴󺣵ҪԼָԡ
ڣͻȻ֣ϻк˵ģǰ٣Ǹˡ
֪¯֣¯й֮󣬻Ƕ֡
ʵܶ˶һ롣
ǣӢͶ˫ģǳݵ۾
Ӣֵ֪ǰÿ࣬ģԺֻҪǹڷܣһٵĳԴ
ľǺúƣӢѾ⣬ҪЩ˵˵취ǶĹˡ
ӢĹݱؿ
лҶүôһڣͲԴ±˸ӡ
ܸŸɵ˲࣬ЩˡǿôСġ
ӢĹʱƽѧĹ¶ԺѾȫˡ
¶ԺʵСƾִһ׶԰ô󣬲ͷҵľסܲûסˣ¶ԺҲͲСˡ
¶ԺΧһȦ߸ߵΧǽһЩש߷Щӵĵڶ㶼ǳͰʵǸ¥ƼϵľƬǡǡЩӵҡ
¥£ôңЩĵط⻹вԡҡȵȡ
¶ԺˣֻмʮˣҲͿԣĺܣΨһȽ鷳ǣ¶Ժֶ˼ŮӤ
ͽ֮󣬾Ȱ˼ңȥɻȻƸ˼ŮչЩӡ
ˣ˵໵ӷ⽨˼룬ЩŮӤָʹˡ
ıģԼԸı䡣ǲԸıģ˵Ů˶һʱӦˣȴԲΪȻ
ǸЩ¶ֳԵģȻؾãŮӾ͸ٷһ㡣
ʵϲӡ
й²УҪ
ѡ˸ĩȺͽһ𣬰Щȫᵽ¶Ժȥ
һ磬˽
ź磬ʱûãߵ¶ԺſڣƼſڵ̨ϣһԼĪĺӡ
⺢ϴ·ȻܾɣϴĺܸɾģͷҲƽĹǣһСװ۵ġ
ⲻǸ¶ĺӣǻᱻġ
ΪʲôǱġլסһȺûûĹ¶飬Χ˶֪ģϾ£ôȫ
Ϊûʱ򣬾˽ŮӤſڣЩӣԼĪ֪ϢԽԽ࣬ſ˵ҲԽԽˡ
Щ¶ÿ춼ŬŬѧϰȥͷͽҲڸˣǲ֪ģˣ˰Ѻſӡ
Ҳ֡ǶѾҪѺӵˣ϶ǲںӽúòõġ
ӣʲô֣ѯ̨ϵĺӡ
⺢һԲ
óһǸ˵һ㷴ӦҲûС
ܿʶ⡣
˵Ŵʵ̡ܲ
ִܶͥȱݣȱݻȽصĺӣҲὫ֮󣬵ڹŴũ˼ң⣬ԥӵ
ǺѰĺˣӿҲܶ档
Ǯ˼ҡõĻӣһֱţЩͥȴҲὫġ衱Ū
ӡ
е㲻֪ôá
϶ǲеģ⺢ӵأ˹¶ԺҲûδ
⺢Ӷһ㷴ӦҲûУȥǣ֣һġ
ֻܰ˹¶Ժ
ǣʵ
ֶһӡ裬鷳ˡȥι⺢ӳ԰ɡ
ô͵ĺӣԼԷˡ費ΪȻ
²С
ЩɻȻע⵽ŵĺģ⺢ǸɵģԲŻᱻ˰ɣĺʲôҲܰ
ŰɡִܹĽʵ˶
߶˼䣬ҷȥιӳԡ
⺢Ӳˣιǳˡ
ǶúˣܿͰһ˸⡣
Ҳʱע⵽⺢Ӻݡ
ȻĸɾڼҹҲȱٴġ
մһͬˡ
¶Ժҵ飬ȸ˵ġ
ʱ򣬻е㼤һͿסԼȻȥ¶Ժĺˡ
ʱ¶ԺͻȻˣҶӡ
⻰Щȵؿſڣ֮ǰǸӣѵǱ˹ǹ¶Ժſڵģ


103 Ҧ̫̫
ӵĴȻ, ûв˨Ů˼, ͽصĴĿˡ
ҵ˽, ҲƼӡ
Ů˺ܰףֲģ겻İ, ˻ǳݣһƤŹͷ
жϲͣϵƺ¶ͷŵ˿˵ʮҲǿԵģ֮ǰǸӵĸ, Ӧûһ㣿
ͷһɫĲͷˮ, , һҡҡ׹ӣƼϣʣҶ𣿡
ʲôӵģʡ
꣬һ°ɫ·Ů˻û˵, ֮ǰݵĺӾ͵ײײشܳסȡ
Ů˱Լĺӣ
ҵˣһϸϸ, ̧ۿȥͿһŮһ, رףԼʮŮӴſ̽ͷϸϸʵ
꣬һűСһŮ̽
Ůӳú̽ͷŷǳɰ˶еݹͷˡ
ҵˡǸĸʵû¡
ǻؼȥſǸСŮͷʡ
Ǹĸȴ˵ˣŻĺӣãȻ
ſǸŮӶõҪǻȥֻѵܵӵ
СŮӱһҪѵܵӵܹԣԵҲ١˵ţͿ
ȻֻǶ̶̼仰ҲѾ˽˵һЩˡ
еɵĺӣӦǱſڵģӵﲢԸѹӵ
ô£ʡ
Ů˲ش𣬽䱸ؿ
ʱĺͻȻַϣŮʶԼְסӵ֣ȻĺӵſһǾŮ˵ϡ
֮ǰǺӣӲǰ
Լĸס
Ů֮ǰһֱǿţڿǣͻȻˣۡһ˳
һſǡǸġ
˵ͷ
Ů˵ллллĿҪȥˣҡ
ʲô£ʣŮϵ·Ȼܾɣ˵·ӣ֪ӦܹĽ
ҡɷˣҸɻҪѱӵ
Ů˵ȥˡ
ſǸŮͻȻǱȥ˺ǿԼ廨ԼԼ
źӵŮ˲Լᣬ˼
ſڴվһȻתͷллĺģҪˡ
˵ţźӾһҪߡ
ȵȡߵŮߣԼڴʣµһЩǸŮˣЩǸӳ԰ɡ
ллŮֿˣץǿһͻȻҡҲҪǣܸҵԵ𣿡
滹ʣµ࣬ȥԵɡ
Ů˿˻վſڵԼŮһۣеɣǡʱ褾ӳˡ
ǿŮˣŮ˭
ſڼ񵽵ĺӵĸס
ҺˣԭҪָŮ˵ģԷۣȴֻ˵һڡ˼ǡ￴Ļģϣ㶪˵ûȫ硭
Ůֿˡ
µǲ˵ʲôˡ
ֵгԵģȥԵ㶫ɡ
褾ŮڵԵʣŮûô䱸ˣԼŮ֣͸ȥ
Щ¶Ժ
ѾˣˮЩȫϴ裬ȫһ·
·Ĳϲãô˵Ҳ·Щһϣ˿ŶʱͲһˣر
ȻҲԵĲйء
ǸŮ˿Ⱥӣ㶣ʱԸ裬ȥЩԵ
ЩԸģֹ˼̫˷ʲôģȻŶ˳ϡ˫ӡ
ãӦﵹˮˡ
ʵڲϲӡ
Ů˵û⣬ܸмлл˵ţһŮʣµһԼ
ֻȵһ룬ֻǰȻſӣιǸЩɵĺӡ
ӲͷȥҪԡ
ѾԹˡ
ŮԣದһЩŮȻԼʣµĳ˸һɶ
ˣ֣صؿлл㡭Ժһᱨġ
л
䣬ͻȻһϤأ˶ȥˣ
Ů˶ıȴЩ΢
Ǹſڽк˵ͦϤġſڵģӦþҦ̫̫
ǸźӵŮһۣͻȻһЩ顣
סҦҵʱ˵һЩҦҵ顣ҦҳҦ̫̫Ҧ꣬Ҧ̫̫ԼҦ̫̫ŮһСӡ
ʱ˵Ҧ̫̫մŮ廨ҺڣȴԶԲǰŮˣ¾Ҧ̫̫ˡ
ȥ𣿡ʡҦֻ̫̫ſںţںԺһʱǲ
ҲȥҦ̫̫Ҳ֪ն˵
һֿۣС㣬鷳ȥ̫̫˵ѾˡָҦ̫̫˵
ã褾һ˳ȥ
褾Ǻúôһģʱ˵·Ρ
Ҧǰ䲻Ǵ󸻴󣬵ҲͦǮҦ̫̫ҲмʶģƼˣЩԾҲˣֻԼĶϱڲڣǸСɵˣƼ𣿡
˵źӾˡ
ȥҦ̫̫æʡ
ô֪
ôߣкӣô£ﲻר˲Ҫĺӵ𣿡Ҧ̫̫
֮ǰô˵ȴҲеˣ˵ʲôǵĺӣʲô
˭֪ҪʲôҦ̫̫һɵӡ
ô˼£ܵ˱˻ɣʲô˼ҿӿڷԻдˣֺܱĳӺӵĺðɣ
źĳ˶֪Ҫϰ׵𣿡Ҧ̫̫ŭˡ
ҪҦ̫̫
褾סҦ̫̫ϱźӶһǳܣȥ׷Ķϱˣ
Ҧ̫̫˼䣬ŤСˡ
ԼĶϱһǻؼȥˣҪؼȥƣһٽƤ
Ҧֵ̫̫Ϻ褾öģٲһ̫̫еݶ
ƵػصҦֿ̫̫ô찡


104 
ֱ˼ҵļ, ǲùܵģҶ֪
Ҧ̫̫ҲǸ, ˵ʲô, ˣҲҪˡллǡ
ȥٴʡ
Ҧ̫̫һμᶨҡͷ
Ϊʲôȥʡ
Ҧ̫̫ôʣŵҪǻȥ, һѱӵģдѾѾڸѾżˣֻҪǮĳںҲѴѾˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣüĸĸүү, ϶ûжֵôõģȴҲӺɷأ
Ҧ̫̫鵭ģѾˡ
ʱ, ˵ԼѾ, Ǿֱ˵ˡģһ㶼˵ˡûˡʲôġ
Ҧֱ̫̫˵ˡɼɷ, ûʲôġ
еطȥ𣿡ʡ
Ҧ̫̫֮ǰиϵĽãҴȥ
㲻ң棬һŮҡ
ǷҼǮ, ûȥҦ̫̫
Ҧ̫̫ԭңϺ, ￪һҲ꣬һСԼȾԼ㲻϶ãҲ
ǼСΨһŮܳ裬СͲøʲôƽڼҲС
ʶ֡
Ůӣûöģļֳٶ˵飬ĸҲ֣̼ҽ̼ҲʹСˡ
ȵ󣬼ѡǧѡ
ʱҦҿŽ԰꣬ܲǺѲ˵ҦһֻһӣҵӵġĸٺòĽ׶󣬱㽫޵Ҧҡ
ΪҦֻôһӣȫ裬ɷʲô鶼ɡ
һʼõģϷǮżңɺǳ˴̣
ڵʱ򣬼ﻹתҲڹȥˡ
ɷܿͰѼҵܹˣǮʱ͸ҽǮٺ
˵ɷΪ˲ۼԼԾģ֪ˡ
ɷʱǮӣһ޶ϵСԼˡ
ʹûɷʵ˿ġ
ĳӶãϼ꣬ӹҲͺùˡ
ΪܸҦ飬Ϊüз룬ƤȥԼҽǮԼɷµĿգԱܱס⡣
ʱոɥСӣƽҪ£Ҫ廨ãһʱûչŴӣȻعͷͷԼĴӸԼɷһЩ˸ܡ
ǵԼĶӣܹǺõģҲû¡
ÿŮߣ۾Ҳ᲻ͣŶܳϢˡ
ҲһֱΪгϢ
ֱȥ͵Ǯֳ
ʶСͱűȥĺӣɷһų軵ˡ
ʱʧҲ𣬾˽ȥҶӣ̸̸һ㣬ӲԸ˵
źһ˵һͨ
һŬҲ޼¡
ҲˣﱾȱǮ֮ŻǮǲŮԱ
Сӡ⺢СĹͷŻеɵŵϲϸˣ
ŮֻʡԼĳʳӳԡ
ﰤֻܳԺˣԲ߻úãַǴ
ĺǣƼˣֻûƼ
ӹüΪѣҲû뿪Ͼ޴ȥ
ﶼѾˣڼʱȻ۰ôȥĸԼˣȻܻǰһ˵Ƿ˼Ǯˡ
ȥɩŶ
ֻš
û뵽ǣžȻСӸˡ
⺢ӲڴнģҲĹ⣡ȷʵɵ⼸Ӳ£廨ʱ򣬾Ա߹ԹԵţĬĬ
ԲůΪʲôܼ֣Ϊǵ⺢ûҪȥ
ÿɰк͸֮ҲܹϺӣĺ˵ֻܻ֮
˵¶֮󣬾͸˵ҪСȥʱҲ;ܾˣŻǰĺӸˡ
֮ͼææ׷Һúû¡
ÿŮһ廨һĻ˵ëǮһ߿Ǯеġ˵࣬Ǵ´࣬Ӿ
ʵǹȥˡ
ǣ֪Լţϲùִǻȥˣſ϶취ĶӣŮ
ǲٻȥġ
ҵǼᶨ
ע⵽ļᶨͦ͵ģһŮҪźӹȥףֻҪԼסͲ¡
ߵĹ¶Ժȱ֣һʼҦ̫̫µģϸ֮󣬻Ƿ㡣
⵹Ҧ̫̫Ҧ̫̫ŲҦꡣֻҪҦ̫̫ŲҦ꣬Ҧңеǣ
ȻƣҲԼ鷳οϱҦ̫̫ˣȥˡ
˵裬Ҳǲ㱻ġ
ûҦ̫̫Ҧ̫̫ܿ뿪ˡ
Щ⣺¶Ժȱô£
Ҳܼ˿Ͱ¡Цûк·һ֮Լ
˵Ը廨ΪŮӣĲֹҦ̫̫һڳϰ͹ݸɻʱҳϰһѾĺѵӰ˾ǸҦ̫̫һɷƾԼԼġ
ӣĿɱҦ̫̫öˡ
Ҧ̫̫ҪסʵܰԼӹõġҦ̫̫ͲСˣǸСŵģҦ̫̫ѵ򲻹
Ҧ̫̫ˣͺͽһæ¶ԺİǨ
ǹһȫȥжĺҲȥʣµˣȫԼ·
Ҳ·ġ
褾ԭҪгƼһĻ͸һˣߡ
ǺѾˣ֮ǰĹ¶Ժĺӣûкú˵һߣǸ
ᣬôдõ
ҿ鿴öࡣҪͶԼõķǿ飬顣
ִҪͶԼķȥˣѧȥ֤ѧ㼼ѧسͶԼʱҪԼõûǿ顣
ֻϧʱܿ鲻ࡣ
㲻࣬Ҳкܶܿġ
˵ģ˵֮ͨ飬ȥ϶ֻкôûл
ǣִĺ˵ǳģʱˣȫǿĶġ
ǿʲôȽϺãʡ
ܱǵĹҵ鶼ǲģԿǹңҲкܶܿƼ˼
һһ£дʲô飿
ЦЦʱд˼ǡˣҴ㷭һЩ顣
д׬Ǯʱʵڲ࣬ʱͲдˡ
ڿеʱһЩ롣
㷭ʲô飿ʵ
뷭һٿȫ顷ڱģûá
ͣȺˡٿȫ顷ӢСӢٿȫ顷Ӣٶٿȫ顷ȣЩڹûеġ
Լпյʱ򣬷һЩڿԿڽ¿ϣĶˣӡˢ顣
ЩǿԿڵ۽ģѾʼˡ
⣬йءӼЩӢ鵽ѧУţоһסٿȫ顷
кܶټĵʣЩѧ̫ܿģܴҳһЩ֪ʶ
ĥţԼʱ򣬿רŷЩȷ֪ʶ
һ˿һСʱλƽѧĹ¶Ժ
¶Ժֻһ£֮࣬һûеģͨש¥ǽߡ
ĽͨĺܣЩ˵ȴ³
ǵҶڷӵĶ¥Ѿ˺ܶ಻һ׿׳ĴһŰһŲŷţÿŴĴ£һӡ
¶ԺǻٽģҲǳԴǶҪġǳˣס˼꣬Ҫٸɼ⣬ɻܻȡ֣ǿ⻻Ʒ
Ӣ򹤵Ĺ涨͹ƶȣ⼸ġ
¶ԺĺӵִЩ¶ԺĺӹҪܶ࣬ʱ˱ȣȴѾøͨռҵĺӲˡ
á
Ĳ𲢲Ǻ¡
ǿԲǳԴһǵӪϣҲá
ˣͽ󣬸ɴͶĹ涨Ѿõ˻ٵͬ⡣
ЩӵȻûģ־Ҫ׬֡
ڽٸɻЩҲûòԡ
Ƕǹӵģ֪ȥжѣԸǣ˵ֻΪٹˣΪҲӦõġ
ԼֵĴӣһˡ
緹ڹ¶ԺԵģ⣬Ͷǳԡ
ʳ򵥵ľΣÿһմɴ룬ȥʢȻŷȥòˣú֮󣬾ǰ
ͶǱĶݣϺߵ˺ܰʲôģһ㡣
ÿӷֵһ⣬ͶһҨǵһԵ͡
˳ԵҲһĶ˸λ£һ߳һġ
ţ·ƶķˡ
ķܴװķһ㲻ķ١
㰡ôˣʵű˸ͷĺӣӡ̵ͦġ
С㣬С㣬ллǵġ·Ƶ֪ǲϲҿͷҾͲͷˣһҪллǣԺ£ܷԸȥͷ­ѪҲǿԵġ
Ӻͻ֮ǰѻ鵹Ƿǳֿ
ͷ­Ѫ֪ˡ
ҲǰŹǼգͷ­Ѫ
ҪģҴӽԺˣ˵Сǣٸǽ¶ԺΪ㣬Ϊд飬лл㡣·Ƶ֮ǰգһ㣬ľøպܺãһúѧ֣д飬붼ȥ
ҵš
·ƵǺˣźǼ־˸Ȼߡ
ͷβķһ㶼ûҲˡ
Թ뿪ˣճȥͿ˸̰
ҽɡЦ
Ǻɣô̰ʡ
¶ԺˣҴЩӰ
ԭѾˣҶ֪̰˿¶ԺĴţҲûơ
֪Ϣ˶ˣѺӹи¶Ժ飬ǲ˵ġ֪ѲϺسǵľ֣˵ĺӻбӵӤ͡
ⷨӲ̰ҪҪһؼҡ
ȻҪģ˸̰ĳӡ
ͷһظ̰һʱͦĵģ¸̰н񱲻ϰߣڣȴҲʶˣ̰
ǣ˳
һ·ϣ̰˵˹¶Ժ飬ҽԺ
̰ҽԺ˵ˣֵѾڸһҩзгҩˣʱӦû׬ϲ٣⡭Ҹл񡣡
ҽ̫ˡ֮ǰҷӣҶûüл㡣
ҲһСǱҵġ̰óһ͸
ǸƯĿǴҪԼ͵ģʱɲˣٱ֮ǰ͸̰ĸֱʹ
ֱʵʱǮ࣬Ŀɲرõġ
ҽôԼãʡ
һС̰óһһĴʵҲ̣òϡ
Ҳǲ̵ģϴͦ㣺Ҿˣллҽȥ֮ĥһ£ʲô͸̰ˡ
һ·ţصסŷֿ
صȿЩ顣
ϱӿܶ飬ܲܳϱҪġ
Ȼˣڿ飬ǰĲͬ
ʱԼİÿģĶʷС˵ʲôģڣȴʼһЩ飬硶ۡʲôġ
鿴ȤһȴܵһЩ
¶ԺǨõĵڶһ죬ϣ±еӡ
һڵϣ±ϣǵģþдοٵġͬԽ顱ڵһƪ
ʵִкܶڰкܶɽİչòãײһЩˣԷġ
дʱȫû漰Щ
С˵ˣǶδûˣֺαȥдִĺڰ
һƪ֣ʵҺǸɨĴͬԵֻۣһСֶѡ
дұ˴ſš
ﲥŵģĳط˵
𣡣ҿţǵģİչòãȻͿһЩʿȥˡ
ЩʿȴǷܲȥˣͬʱ־ԮҲ͵
Ҷתڰ
Ҷˣϱȥ˯ʱġ
ļ磬ˮ֡
ʲô֣ȫصİֻϵù
Ҫıļҵ
ʿͷı·һѾˣ
Ժ֮УֻصԼʱȻʧ
ϣ±һУкܶǰ򣬿֮Ǹһпǧ
ҹң͸ģ
־ɳǣһģֺξ֣
ʿٺòʿˡ
֪֮꣬ܲܿҵĹ˹İգܲܿǵʿ˰գ



105 ͨ
ڰдľֳ, ˺ܶ˵ġ
СһֵĹ, Ȼǿġ
Ը˵İ, ȻԼҲҸġ
Ĺңβ
Ȼ, ܿĲֻЩ
涯õֱھ豸̽豸ȻֻȼдȴҲ˴۽硣
ʱѾзɻˣܲȶ, ͨգȫ֪ɻĴڵ, ڿд˷ɻȥԮٲѡ
ྐྵȻɰ裿
𵩴ѧĽһһͿϣ±, ԼӶŮֵϣǵĹңˡ
δǰͶ, ޸֮󣬸ǿ˲飬ѧ˺ܶණÿ춼дʫ, д¡
ƪ֮겻ѣĵط, ƶӣҲӵǧҲĺá
һԣ̾һ
κͤҲͿϣ±ңǳдɻ֪ķɻɲһ
ڱɽ̾ʹϣ±Ȼ˻𳵡
Ҫȥ׬Ǯȥ
ˣһڵϣ±֮Ǹģмôһ˺ˣŮ˺Ů˶ܽ顱ϸڣҲû̫£ֻΪ˱ɺƽȡ
ǲ޳ɣֵ֮۵ô仰ϡ
ЩˣǸǲһ
ϺƽŪסһλѧ
λ峯ţ̫ãʮò׿ţĦȭȥأûˣ
ôûأ
һֱžǵСʵۣ°ѴŪ
ٲã˵ʵҲá˭뵱ʵۣ޳ɵģ֮ǰϢֵķзʱȥ֧һ¡
ãؿƾ٣Կ˿ʿҲðôŪЩ߰СѧѧѧڴĿƿŪûˣ
λÿһЩָˡ
ϣ±ÿ¶ģˣҪһ
ʵ̫
ŮˣȻ¶Ÿ첲ܲ
̫̫Ȼڹ԰裡
ŮˣȻ

ʿǴ룬䡰֪ܡŮӣȥ˵壿
һƪ
˺˽飿Ů˺Ů˽飿ʵڻƣλܻģóֽʣɿдҪúǴһ£Ǵһˡ
ǵһôˣҲһôġ
˵ң˺һʵһֱǴڵģҲΪ档
˵ģ˵Ϸ֮飬ǳġ
ǰãһλǧһλϷӣϷͶ˻дڱֽϴϷӵ顣
ҿ֮󣬶Ǵ𣬷ͬġ
ǰǡҶŮ
һ˺ͱһ𲻼ûܵǴ𣬵ΪϷӲȢޣ˶ˡ
֮ǣ棬Ҫӡ
ֵ֮֮࡭±ϵϰգʵǲô̵ġ
ŵڵС㣬ʧڿܾҪûµطڳԵģ˯˼һƻŮ
ҴʱжŮ٣˲ȢޣȴȢӵģƶĵطֻҪǸŮģɵӣر󣬾϶ŮĹѸҲ޲ȥ
ʧʲô
Ϊûӡ
зӡ˵Ժٹ̵ôһ뷨ǾǱҪжӡ
Լûӣһһ֮Ҫ취иӡ
Ȼʵ̫ŶȢҲû취ֶֻܶӺõ㣬ֶӽԼˡ
ˣܶ˶дİ󣬼ֱˡ
ң˺˽ҲˣͷŮˣӡŮ˸Ů˽飬ʲô
ûˣ
һʱ䣬˴
ЩĶȫ֪
ͷû磬˵Ȼġ
ȻˣЩСֽ`£Сֽȥ
æúܣϣ±û
κͤƽѧ˺üݵϣ±ǵİ칫ˣڿ־
ڱΡ
αһ룬ʢԵϣ±Ȼˡٻǲƴ֣˵Ѿ˼칤ˣȻǮ־
£̧ͷ
аʢԵϣ±棬һٵʾ
ʢԵĻԼϵϣ±ȻڵһҳϿʢ˵ʾ
һҳϣ±ʾ¿󽫹ӢУ棬һӢǵʾд·ʡҪ̣Ÿַ֪
Ͷ֮ʱ˵ݣѶҪԳˣʢԵٺܿҰ
ȴ֪ӢΪˡڰġ
ӦΪдЩڵһսڽڵƵķġ
ʵĳ֮еڵģ䵽ϣϸһ룬ַ
ͷдģͨƪĲ²⣬ֻ˵ƣָյ˵˭ܻλ֮Ļ£˿ˣҲֻȴڻʲô
ȻˣҪǲɱġ
ڣٲҪ
ϣ±һߣҪҪͨš
úĵģ㲻ܸıҵδҲܶһЩˣһְպùһ㣬ΪǵĹҶȡһ档
⣬Ҳ֪ùоôˣܲ
ǣκ֪ң뱩¶ԼݣĻҪôͨžǸ⡣
Ϳ̰ˡ
ҽ˷׷׸̰к
κͤæŴѧ飬ʱڣİ칫Ҳʰɾš̰κͤİ칫ǰ£æҽԺĹ̽ȵģ˳
˵ţóӢ־ϡ
ҽԺ޽ȻҪھڸǷӶѣӦòø̰ÿţؿ̰
ߣ̰ЦЦȻҪһֽԭǴż־һ߼๤һ߿ģ뿴һƪҽѧķǳãϷ
ԭõҽѧ֪ʶǸÿЩ
˵䣬̰Ϳʼ־
ȥϿΣ־˽
ѧУʦѧû֡
ĿνúܺãκͤҲ޲ڵģѧУʦʱҲѧϰĽη񣬸һڲ
ʢѧӢģֻҪпҲͬ
£̰βͻأ
Żŵ飬û롣
̰һڿΣ뿪ˣҲһԸӢͨŵķ
⣬ҪʱЩطַȷ˵
ִһЩд֮ĵطԪ֮ıҲûеģҲңһЩдݵַֻдСĵַͷ͸˵ˡ
һżĵһԶŵ峤ģڳĻסƽѧģдſֱܾдƽѧĵַˣ˰żƽѧʱŵ˹һ¡
Ըģȷĵַ


106 Ժ
˾֮, ţһط
ķߵƽѧ·, ·һ´
ǰ´ǽ, ŸרʼżľӣﳣţЩǸͶż, ҲһЩǼĸţһ
طиΧķӶͰǽΧûʲôδû취ڰ۲ǰȡŵˡ
ĵط, ױ¶ݡ
ȻˣӢǸ, ¸
ѾӦӢͨŵ, ӢûҪȥֻ顣
ôһ룬ͷ
˿칫ҵֻʽܾɵӣֻʱ䣬ó˼ǡд
дǧ, ƽѧͷѧˣֹһ²ͱˣ磡
²ڳѧУʱȥӵ, ҪŹ¶Ժ飬ȥ, Щӣ²ֱǷѧԼġ˸Ҿģһ꼶Ůͬѧһߡ
񡣡ЦЦʱ仹磬ȿ飬ҵˡ
κͤ춼æѧ飬ϻԷֻһʱ򣬶еǳʱҲ΢˵㡣
ȻΪ̫ɽһЩʵҲոպá
ʱѧУѧʲôģѧִȥѧģҪʦҳţҵࡣ
ʵϣʦ಼õҵҲġʱϿûжϰ
²Ӧһκͤİ칫ǰҵ
д˼ǡ
Сʱ²ͰҵˣȻԱߵϣ±
һ飬ֿ˵ڶ飬ľᣬϵıʣ̾͵磬㿴ϣ±дˣ˺ˣŮ˺Ů˶Խ飡
šӦһ
ҿ飬Բ飬ã²̾һ䣬ֵҾŮ˺Ů˽飬ٺòˣȥźˡ
²ĻЦʵô˽飬Լϲϲкϲʡ
²񲻽ؿ
ֵԺѡ£һҪҸԼϲġȻˣôϲûһһԣϲһ֮ҲҪϲʽ顣
ô˵Щλμˡ
Сˣ֪һЩˡ
ͷŮԼйص飬ܵᱻΪׯء
Ǿϣ²Ůӵġ
Ǿò̫ԣ顭
Ӧ뿪㡣ںںǸԿֻԼ˵㣬ûɷǹñǰãǱǰ
Ȼǹرǰõġ
²һ˼ͻȻ磬Ҳˣ޵˼ңŮźһʲôõģһҸԺԼԼ
ɵӣ㲻ˣӶûУô죿
Ҳһкӡ㿴ҽ˼Ӳû˲˵ӻûˣ²
񣺡
²ֵң罫϶кӣҺúǮԺôĺտҰɣ
ô˵ˣ
Ҫˣҿ϶Ը˵ġ²ֵ
˵꣬ͱһͷϣȥԷˡ
κͤʱѾˡ
ڵʦ̲ģ۵úܣټܶˡһȡ
ɹˣȻ档
κͤԹͻطȥˡӢǮѧУģԼãΪάơϻҪдӡ
κͤˣȴǿ²񣺡Ҫȥ¶ԺǱ߿ҪҪһȥ
ͽˣԺЩӸɻǶ飬ԼĲãЩ̲ʱûҵʵ˰æ⼸ȥŵ㡣
չЩ¶飬²һֱ֪ģ֮ǰ¶ԺԶҲʹδЩ¶
˵񵱼£²Ҳһ
²һʼչЩ¶ǾԼĸûҪΪһЩɵ˳ǮЩӣʵҲ֪Ǻܿ
˵Ա߲ԶĹ¶Ժʱ࣬¶Ժĺϴ·
¶ԺЩӵĴͦģЩӿҲͲЦݣ໥һͦ
Ƽͦοģ²ǵ￴ͦõġ
ʱԱߵһܳܰæ𣿡
ôˣ˹ȥ
˼ӣ״̫ãҪȥҽһ㡣
˵ţ²Ѿӡ
ߵ㣬ѾˣȻú͵ƣе㰵
Ǹսȥŵһɳζ
ûʲôҾߣԵرտһľ壬һӣ⻹һߡ
Ѿˣ赹ǻڣһ߹ȥһ裺裬Щôˣ
ЩǾģ˵ֵַǮЩ죬ԲҲˣҪ򡭡
貢һͬĵˣϾԼǰҲܿࡣ
һԼԲˣĿȥͬһԲˣ
ˣ軰ﻰͬЩӣ͡⡱һ¡
߽ˣ͸ˡ
ڵϵĺֻ꣬ˣѾϢˣ⼸أеĺӵŤţȫˣеĺӸ첲Ťţûģûӵġ
ЩģҲˣǵӣӦǱ߱˶ӵġ
һʱֻû䡣
ܿͺۿ²񡭡²˶סˡ
ϳ¼֮²ǹӵģΪԼ˼ǡöҲû̫ͬ顣
ʱҪûˡҲΪ
ƼǰЩӣԼĺëȫԺհһƬһʱʲô˵
֪ЩӾȻ顣
²е㱻ŵˡ
侲ܶࡣӰ˵һЩܿʹƴճһЩ
ϺȻˣҲкܶܶ฻ˡ
ͬʱкܶĳˡĺ֣϶Ǯ
һЩ뵽һ·ץһЩӣֽţȻȥ֣ϣǮȻǣĳʳЩӵֵܷһЩ
ЩҪǲǾʹһ٣ǴҲϧ
ϾʱͲȥһЩ¶
Щڵϵĺӣһľ·ǲҶˣŵǸӡע⵽¾ɾɵ˿
ʲôڶ²ָһ˿ڣַҲ
档
²ˮરડ
ʱ·Ҳˣǰ·ϴˣҲɨˣǲҪѧϰˣ
ôҪѧǡǡ²ָŵϵĺӵ
ҵҲ㱻ˡ·ƵʱҶĲУͳԼϳ棬Ҳ֪ô£ҵ˾Ȼˡ
²һʱ˵
ҾˣȥЩӶ顣
ǡЩɡ
ҲﲻʲôȥЩӶ顣
񿴵²㶵ģŻȥ
Ƕ˵裬ȥ˫
˵ͷܿ˿ӣÿӿʼӵ˿ڣ档
Ҳʱע⵽⺢ӷ˸գôȥҪ¡
ĺӡϵĲмҲҪһӡǺôû֮ǣõĻû
ܵĺܡ
ʱҪҽʲô׵飬˰СʱŴҽˡ
СʱŵĺżĳҭʲôûУոѹ֣Ҳġ
ҽˣ𣬺ܿ죬ʹһŽ˿۾ҽˣЩӶˣҾ˸ҽ
Ӧҽ
ҽͲһͶŵĺӼ壬ϴ˿ڣ˺أãܻܿû
һ˵ţһþƾϱȥ˸˿
ƾںӵϣ΢΢˲һ͵͵Ŀûʲôˡ
ĺŸ΢ˡ
ⳡƳ˺ܾãҽ˿ȫֵܻȥһҩҩЧȷ޺ģҪҪǡ
ʲôҩʵ
Ǹҽҩû֣ʵҸոоġ
˵ţóһСƿװŵҩˮ˸Ⱦ첻ˣҩӦá
Щɣҩˮȴ뵽ùء
ĪǡѾùأ
ǻٵˣӣҽʶҲҽҲǻٵˣˣϵҩпܾùء
⺢ˣִΪ˱Ⱦ϶Ҫҿصġ
԰ɡ
ЩģϾҩ
⺢ӵܲֵ
ӵȷʵܲʱܻû룬ûپܾ
Ǹҽóһ֧Ͳҩˮע䵽ǸӵڣһЩҩ
ҲֻôˣĺӡЩֽ۵ģǵֽ֮Ӧǵֽ³ãǻһЩ֢ЩһġҽôȥҽԺ
ҽЩӴ֮뿪ˣͽЩӳ˵㶫ȥϢ
ڱģǾˡ
ʱѾϾŵˣһͿڽ·Ƶ˶顣
ƽᣬϸϸģԵһȺӵԵʣţҽ̵ĺܺá
һĻܾ㻺ͺܶ࣬ͬʱҲ뵽һ¡
Ժ̸̸Խ
㾡˵.
֮ǰԺҵ¶ԺĸԺûʱ䡭Ƽһ˹𣿡¶Ժĺܶ飬ͽģɵʱ򣬽˹¶ԺԺȻ¶ԺĸԺΪûգ֮ǰһֱûӦ
ȻԣƼ˭ʡ
Ƽҵĸס
ѧĶѾԽԽˣڳɳĻǲ
ϣԼҵ
ȥ϶ǲʵģչЩ¶Щ¶ʦĻȴʺ
Ҳ̺ǵˡ
ǸŮˣŮʮͣ뵽ĸס
ЩӿʱĽ
ҾŮʿԺٺòˡ
лмͬʱҲĥţøҼ֣ƽѧչ˹¶ԺĺӣˣûеʵĹˣ
ûСҡҡͷҪŮͦ׵ģܶŮ˶Ը
ҪŮ˵Ѳѣ˵ȴҲ򵥡
ģǱȽеģǸϣеʸһŮ
ȥʣйȻȥˣ˲һܿ˿ˣҲһţͷйûȥʡ
áʵѾȥˣûġҵϴȥԷʱ򣬸һǸ͹ݵϰ塣⣬ûкʵŮ
Ϻ߲ʶʲôˣǴȥԷϰ˽飬Ͱ˳ϰҹˡ
ģͺ²Ǻһؼˡ
ϵҵʱ򣬴Ѿʮˣ˵·ϣ˺ܶˡ
֮ϺҹҲḻ
·ϣ˵ȥ¶ԺԺ顣
ʶģ;ԼС
͵ҵæ̫æʵڹ˲Ⱥˡ
ô˵񵱼Ӧһչ˺Щӣ
ллЦ
磬ԺѧҲȥæҿԽǶ顣²
ллڽǵͬʱҪȹ˺Լ绹ſ㿼ϴѧ
²صͷ
˵ŻŻص
ǵⷿӷǳãϧ̫æˣģûס
²ȥ˯ˣصȴóֽʼдٵš
ԼĵַѯùصȻͽֽãƱд˻ٵĵַ
ǡԡ
ϾټĸҪдšҡգǾ̫ˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰټţ˵һΣʱǲŷдҡֵģֻдһҡ֡
ΪʲôҪСԡҲԼ˵̫ࡣ
Ѿӣ˵˯еڶ컹һˡ
¥ʱ򣬾Ȼû²
ȥǣǲȻͲԼͬû˯á
ӦǿЩӵĲ״Щ̼Ż˯šȥϴҪˣ緹ȥԡ
²˵ͷܿʹԼųš
ģá


107 
²ȥ˰Ӷ, Թ֮²ѧУ, Ȼͺһȥ˹¶Ժ
ĺ, ǼһģѾ˹¶Ժǵ·ڳˡ
ҸЩӳĶ, ֻǺ࣬˼
ЩӺһһ룬˾̾ǵĶȻװôʳ
ͬʱŤ, ȱٵĶǣᡣ
ǸӡôˡǸ˵صĺӡ
, ûѡ
Ǹӱʱ, ЩһҧʽҪҪˡ
⺢ȻûѣֻҪţǺ¡
û¾ͺáһ
Ѿܶ, ǲٿ
ǰЦһ¡
Щӵĸ첲ȡҪҪȥҽԺֿ˿ЩֽŤĺӣЩβҪѲǮǱҲ֪ԸԸ⡣
ҪģҴ¾ȥ
֪һ, ȥǵļ۸Ҳ
˵һǵ̰Ǹ
, Цˣѡľ
ʱûеŮ˼ߵʿæЩȥҽԺ飬ǲġ
ڹ¶Ժʣµ飬Խ
¶Ժĸֹ涨񣬾뿪˹¶Ժ
ȽԼдͶͲȻŻصƽѧ
ƽѧһֻڿΣʵпеģ죬ûȥ¶Ժ
Կܲá
ĺܺá
ƽѧ緹ʱһֱڹ¶ԺǱߣһֱ²ѧƽѧҲʱпո˵ʱ÷ˣֻƼıӰ
æһ죬ӦǺ۵ģľ״̬ܺá
Դƽѧ˾ԽԽˡ
֪Ǹ˵صĺѹһΣѾ˵㶫ӦܻӣѾˡ
˵ֵ࣬ϻҪЩӶ飬ҪȻؼȥɣ
ҸһȥһؼҲдд£ǱдҲһġ
񵽵ǸŮˣǲһ˻ؼҵġ
ûоܾ˾һȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
ǼֽŤĺӣ´˵ĹͷȻľǵֽŪ̶ֱ
ͻСͷÿ죬ԺֽǿԳõģȻˣһЩֽ֮ëɱ⡣
ЩССͣѾ˴ˡƫɵ۵ֱᣬҲпࡣ
²̲סǷ㣬ǲۡ
Щ֮ȥĺϿˣ񽲿ΣһȻúܲ
ңϵġ
ЩмܴಢЩܱǳ򵥵Ҫǽܶǲ
ĺӣԼһһֱͬȻܲ䷳ؽһٽһ顣
㽲νúܺáúľɳֵʱ
Ҫǽ̹ˣоˡЩ˼
̹˭֪£Щ档
ǷСѾ
֪Ϊʲôôˡ
һΪԸһ桭ӦΪ̹СѾԵʡ
СѾȫûлҲ󣬽϶ۣôһѧǰЩӶ˵ȻҲͲʲôˡ
ȽЩӹģȻֿʼ
ЩѾһˣ⣬ʮڵļӼҲ
ϿСʱ˵ʱ˾뿪¶Ժȥ
һ·ϣü⡣
ÿ··ƣҪóһƴСӿۣһʡ
ôôùЩΡ
Ҫѧһ㣬ȻԺûЩˡ黹ûһ꣬ȥЩӣʵеġ
⵹ҲǡúѧΪǳ֧֣ͦгɾ͸еġ
ۼ֤ɱ䣬ţԽԽá
Դӽ£Ϻ߾ͺˣǴҲõŵģ⼸߲٣һСģͷĺ
ʵϣЩĻư򣬺ܶ඼Ѿ˶䣬߸߸߾ܣ˸ɴ˳ಲˣж䴩ġ
ʱ򿴵ǴȫûмܵЬӣųһػزͣܣ͵ǵϥǡ͵ˣ϶Ҫ
ܿ죬ʶЩ˵и
ưԴಲһӣȴǾܴòŹ۵ġ
ǣڴ촩񲼳Ҳڰ칫һڼܰӾ
һֱæȥȥʱͷʪģɹһЩ
״͸һʱ˵ñӣԺš
Ҳ̫ˣɹ̫ʲôϴӹ¶Ժߵʱñӵ
ɹɹѿ
Ҷһˡ
Լ󣿡ʡ
ȻǡԼĶһӵɴʲô˵ˡ
Ҳ˵ӡ
߹һӵʱһ£ȻߵԱŵľǰ
ңܿʹȡһ
żĳȥѾмˣҲüĵˡ
磬ʲô²ʵ
ҸһеΣյͨţ֪˭Ҽš
١˸Σͷ
ȻûΣգô˵ֻΪҸ²˵ȥҸͨŵ飬ǧҪ˵𡣡
²ͷĵΣ㻹Ǳϵˡ
û£зִ硣ЦЦֻһЩ飬ǲ
ʱΪܺڣûϸٵĻţһؼңͽ˳ŷ⡣
ŷдգļȴдš
ЩԾؿ֡
ٺعҽԺѧУЩҽԺѧУԡ֮
һ˶ԼҽԺѧУģһֱôһ֡ҲΪŻ˾ãôΪ˸
ƽ
ǻٺˣ˵սȥĵ֣ܵܵҲš
Ͼʷϣûл˵˿ء
ڣŵļˣǻ
ţгֽȻͿһЩڶ֡
ŵĿͷдŵȽԼ˵Լǻ٣ֱʾ֮ǰļţģҪҲ
Ȼͱһľ֮飬ддĵһصѾ֮ƳɣֻвѾüĿҲڳｨС
ţ֪ٽΪ˶ĿؽҩȻˣдúģ
ܲµܿ׵ġ
ͬʱҲʶСĻٲ򵥡
⣬ӸдŵĲǻӢܿ
¿ȥ


108 Ծ
λ޵˵ùص֮, ޵һЩϵ顣
ϣԺͨţʾ, ſԼĵϣ±, ȫ
Ըͨŵġ
óֽʼдλٵĻš
ϵ飬дһЩ, ȻʷһתͿʼд顣
Щ鲻ɱ⣬һЩ顭д˲ٶ
Ǿ֮һֵеʿаա
ָ, ϣҿƵİգܹĺһЩ
дĽ, ⷽġ
Ȼ, Ľ鲻һãҪúãҪҪôǵġ
һдд˲һСʱ, д֮ȿһ飬Ȼܾе㲻ʡ
޸ģڴ֮ǰ, Ҫȥϴ
ͺˣٲȥϴˮҪˡ
̰͸һһˮƿǼ֮, Ǽҵֱˡ
Ĳ˵ǺôҪȿˮͱȥˡ
ؼ֮ˮһûȼ̿µˮ˵ˮƿҲˮҲܺȿȺġ
²Ѿϴˣʣûϴ
ˮϴ˸裬¥¥֮󣬾ͽԼղдţԼϴʱõģ޸ܳһ顣
ŵ˼û䣬Ŀʲôģȫˡ
óߵĿдţû˵Լʲôģͨм俴ͲС
дȥԼдŵʱ򣬾;úˡ
ţǻٻǻ٣ţ϶ỳ
Ŵŵָ˼һ㲻˼ûС
Ͳ󣬻ٿ϶СٱϱҪСָһҲûʲô
ΪСĻٸ̰ͻӢһ
Ӣһ̣ûг顪̰ϲģ̰˵Ǹңյ𣿡
Ҳ֪̰һ˵һøֱʷɿֽд֡
ҪȥǲǻӢ
ûǲҪô̧̰ۿ˻Ӣһۣ㣬Ҳұˡǡ
ôһ£
ӢЩεԼıӣȻֹԼܵܵĸ̰ȥǸôˣ
ǰ˵ϲˣȷ̰ͻȻӢֱӻӢ˫ۡ
ȻȷӢ¶׳Ųסˣǲȷų⡭
ӢǴԼĶԻ˵ˡ
ͻС̰
СʲôС͵ˣѾģӢ㿴дС˵飬ˣ
̰ܲϲˡ
Ӣû˵ˡ
ֵ̰ʵҲ
һϲˣоʵͦģǲǿһҪһ
Ӣû˵ˡ
̰ͷдддţ磬ö飬һ֡
Ӣ£еˡ
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Ӣ˵÷ǳصֻǧӢĵʣƧľͲˣڹģʶģȥдʱ΢һ־Ͳддá
ǻд֣ҲƵġ
֡ѹ
ʲôֶиϲѧϰĵܵܡ
پúˡ
ڶһȽԼдŷŽŷ⣬ȻƱдõַֽ֮Ž¥ȥ
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׷
׷ŴķţмһЩϡ
Ϻߴͳ׷ҪŵģǶ¹ըըɴȻĻٷŵǣ̵Ļٷŵ̲ˡ
Щ׷ģڰ֥飬̵׷ʱ򣬸żŻһ㵰ƤǾԵúܸߵˡ
׷Ҫߵһ㡭˼׷׷ͨİ׷ҵ׷ýͰġ
Լģһð׷֥ǵţ²ģͽͰ׷̷š
̲ˡƤɴر㡣
˳˷ţһţǳŵʱ򣬸ڸҵĴҲˣ̰͸һ
ʦ˵֮ǰôû㣬ԭ㶼ô磡ЦŴ˸к
ˡֶ̰硣
磬Ѿúˣе˯ѧУ￿һЩЩίΪһñȼ磬˯ñȹо񣿡
̰
ã⺢ӣʵеǷᡣ
Ҫȥ飬һ㡣
ԭҽǱҸѵģұ˯һ
ҵĳѾԱߵˣ״ԸЦЦʱ䲻磬ҪˣѧУ
ȵȡʦҸһ߰ɣлҪ˵
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ԣŸ̰˻֣磬ټ
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д˹Ը񣬼ֱһ
Ҳʲô¡ЦŸһҪдˡ
͸ĵøˣ²Ÿ񶼲ˡǰȥ飬Ǹģ
ܲ˳ۣ
ھӣ²ÿ춼ȥƽѧ͸Ϥ
ǲ˵ģأæѧӢģѵпҲҪԼЩСܣ²СѾͷƬӣ벻ۡ
˵ĹϵȻһ㶼á
磬ǽӢĿΣƪһ̫²
Ҹ㿴
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˼ۣͺ鿪ʼ²һ𱳡
ƼһĻƲƲ죬Ȼȥ˵ˣ̣ȥԷôûƼ㣿
ĳ͵ϲټϸǼҵھӣƽԸչˣʱѧУʲôòˣһ㡣
⼸ƽѧ÷Եȥ¶Ժˣʱ򻹸ɴڹ¶ԺǱ߳ԣҲˡ
ڹ¶ԺǱߡ
ѧУԱߵǸ¶ԺˣʣжȤĺ𣿡
ʵжõĹ¶ЩӶܿ˵¶Ժ
²񣺡ôҲԸôã
ѧУܿ͵ˣ²ѧУȴƽѧȥ
һ·ϣԼдͶ䡣
ȥƽѧ󣬺ͷСѾһȥ˲ˣСѾĲ˴ãȻȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
һԼдġ˼ǡĸֽ֮һ飬˳˼֡
Ǵڱøӵӣͻдڱ˹
˵˼ǡڴڱѾãڱһֱȲٵʱС˵ڱֽأһ㲻ֻࡣ
ڱÿʮһθӣ˳һεĸѣÿνֵ֣õһʮԪҵĸѡ
Ȼڿ󣬵ִһǮȻˣǮǮ˱ȣǺٵġ
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Ժ㣬Щȥ·ƶ
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һǸҽ⼸ÿ춼ЩӸҲЩġҩЩӵ״ѾԽԽˡ
·˵Щӳˡѵҩ⣿
·¶Ժߣһ·˺ܶ飬֮󣬲ŷȫһ
Ǽû⣬ҩ֮ûһ˸Ⱦ״ܺãΪչǸ˺أ㱻ĺӵʱе֪ӲǱӵģʧġ
⺢ֻ꣬Ͳ󣬸ѵʱֻ֪ޣԸ˵
ԴˣҶģҲû˱˵˽ӡʵϣҲ֪һЩǶѾץȥܾõģҲСĺӣǸոձЩġ
Щ죬һֱĵչӣȻ죬ǰһֱ˵ĺӣ˵ˡ
һ˵ͷ⺢Ӳǹ¶ʧġ
˵ˣô졪첻ڣеû⣬֪Ҫô⺢ӵĸĸ
Ÿ죬ϧС˵ӵ˵⺢ʱĴŴ硣
ǿԵǱĸĸ
ˣԵǱ⺢ӵĸĸҲ֪жż
⺢߶ģĸĸһǳġŵֽʽһһ£ָ񿴹
ģû⡣
ûͺáֽպãʲôǲǸȥ緹ˣ
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ϻʱ٣һ㶼ˡ
ǰ죬߿÷СѾŪʡʱ䡣
ƽѧʦһûУϾĲˣķǳóԡǣʼˡ
廨ƬһЩʦܺܿӸԿգ⳴Ҳرóԣ̲˿Ϻһ֮ź㡭
һӵĲ˺ܷʢûʲôʱ䡪е׼ǷСѾģҲ
˲٣Թ칫ȥд㶫
ջص칫ңͼ˸̰
Դ͸̰һ𿴹Ӱ̰ĴԽԽˣ⼸죬̰ÿ춼ƽѧΡ
и̰ôһѣǺܸ˵ģģ־е㲻Ծ


109 
Ȼе, ̰ܹûжֻġ
ҽ㡣
ʲô£̰ʵ
ӳóһ̵ıͲ̰ҽ, ҾͲƯ, ͸㡣
Ͳʢ԰ġ
̰˺ܺõķӣ½һЩ, ͸̰һ
ǸͶѡʵ鷳
ֱѾ͹ˣһЩʽ̰ŪŪĸò˵ЩЩͻֵ, 뻨Ǯȥ
ȥ;͸̰һƷ
йԹ, ӲڹŴֵǮ, Ҳټ
ʱڣѾʼֵǮˣƷõ䣬۸ǳ
, ꡣ
ʢŶƽƽֵǮŶЩ۸񲢲ߡ
ڴʱ, ʮӾڱķĵأִʮӹɶ
䲻ͬ, ʱļ۸񣬸ȣ̫ˡ
׼ۻ֮󣬷ֽʱļִֵǡǡ෴õʱ£ŵִ֪ᷭٱ
ͦġ
ʱ䲢ˣѡͲƷ಻õģҪȻҲܱͲŵԽԽٵʱƷѾһˡ
ͲƷˡ̰
ûǮ˶ˣ֮ǰʢԵĸ׹գԼĸ˸С«ȻҪǧ󡣡
ôͲȻֻҪٸ󣬼ֱ̫ˡѾȥ²ʲôˡ
лл̰ЦЦ˱Ͳ
ʯʲôûо˵һϲͨ˵˺ֻܶ࣬ⲻĻ˵Ҳûʲô
Ȼٸѡ
ԸһʱദҲ˽ģ϶ˡ
̰æ뿪ˡ
ȸ̰ˣʢԾ͵͸ҽĹϵá
ǰʦҲҵЩѣû¶ˡ
ʢԵҸѵʱۻᣬûʲô飬Ҳңҽÿ춼Ҫ
ʢô˵ֲԾĸо
̰ʵе䣬̰ʶʱ򣬸̰Ȼ̬ºܹ֮ͣеģڡ
ʢԺʦ˵˼䣬͸æȥˣȴس
Сϲ飬ڹ۲죬۾ö¼ߵ飬Ȼ֮ӹת֡
ӴȻζ࣬׾˵뷨
ϸһ
ĿԼϵǷϣ±ϣ뵽Լдģϲ˵Ǹڡ
ΪӢ̬ȹ飬ɻӢ뷨ڵĻ̰ģʵȻӢԺܶࣿ
ӢǴĹ֮󣬾ûҹ̰ÿ춼
Ρ̰һѧξ飬Ӣıãö˶˵ģΪʲôҪΣ
ôһ룬ʱࡰɵ㡱
̰ȷʵеڣŮģ̰˾׷ˣ
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ϱ岻úܶ鲻÷ǳլ˽ٲ˵ԣδϲˡ
˶Ҳעһ㣬Ǹ޴Ķ̰塣
ֲôţô˽ʶʲôˡ
ô꣬δøС
ʱͦӵġ
̰ɫѧʶڣ˼뿪ţбҵ͵һˣǸŮˣ˵ͿԼİˡ
ϾҪҵһ̫ˡ
̰еġ
˺ܶ࣬־Լˡ
̰þϲˣϲϲС˵һ㡭
ΪûӰ̰ʱſˡ
һ׮飬е㾲
ˣɴͲд˼ǡˣ˵㷭롣
ʮһʱͿü汾ġٿȫ顷Ӣˮƽֲʱһ㶼ѡ
ϾĿ飬òŷȫһҪģö߿ö
һʱ֮󣬴ڱһС༭ˣøӡ
ٻֶӣ·ǳ֪ܵٻǰӰġ
ΪʲôһӰ͸ѸøӡǴڱҡǮǰλС༭һֱڸùϵ
ԼĸӸְѹ¶ԺǸӵ˵ˣٻ˵һڴڱһ°ǸѰˣڿãֱӴĸ۾ˡ
һãòǮġС༭¶߾㿴ˣҲһӣǵĴڱ˶ȥġдһƪ£
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׫д˼ǡ֮ʣҽԹ¶Ϊעдģһƪʵ£ε飬ȫд˳
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ʱѲʲôģʵʱ˹ᣬܶǲܵġ
ǲܵģҪЩŪ顣
ֻСС֣Ƽ׬СǮ飬Ըȥܵġ׬ǮС죬ܹ鲻к̨
ƣС༭佱һ䣬ȻŴ뿪
дôһƪ֮ﵹҲŸ̰ϲˣó˼ǡд
µĶҲ飬ԼĻӳ˲˵һȺӡ
죬վɺźһؼҡ
ؼҵʱעһ¸ڡ
յƣҲ֪յǸ̰ġ
Ÿҵķӵʱ򣬸̰Լķ￴ҵš
ٸʾִк֮󣬼ĵϣ±лҵţͲʵԱͣԼȥˣˣٶȣϡ


110 ż
̰ſú档
ҵĺܶཨ, õģԭЩã, ֪δ·Ҫôߵ, ֻȻʵĸо
ܸмҡ
̰óֽдһţȻͨŷװ, ͨƱĳȥ
ҸŵַҲԶÿζͨȥԼڽеҽԺģʵ, ԼŽǸ䶼ԡ
Ǿʵʵؽżĳȥ
Ҳ֪Լ˭Ͳȥ̽ˡ
Ȼ, 治ɱ⡣סһƬ, ۼϺٷ֮ʮĶʿ֪ҵ˭
̰ţͽϵĸֱʷŽͲ
ڶһ򿪼ţֿ˸͸̰
ŹǷ, ЩήңǴ˸кʦ磡
Ҳ硣ЦŴкֿ̰ҽ, 硣
硣̰
ôſվţʡ
ڵȳ򣬵һֱûʦ, ҲˣҸһ߰ɣ
Ҳһɡ̰ҽҪȥҽԺǱһˡ
ҪȥѧУ
Ҳһ·͵ˡ̰
Ƿ֮ǰ̰ôỳʲôڡ
Ĳ룬ɱؾ롪̰ǲһţΪ˸һߡ
Լˣ־ãҲûпܵġ
ûܾҲһˡ
·ϣ̰˵ЩҽԺ飬ֵ¿ı༭ƽѧͼݶѾˣ죬Ǿܰȥˡ
֪࣬ҽ⻹Ҫл㡣
ͼݺͽ¿ı༭Ǹ̰Ǯģ˵ʹõʱҪ⣬Ƿؼ㲻ʲô
á̰Ц
һ·϶š
²񿴵͸̰죬һ㲻ʡ
ǵ˵ϰΪǳ̵ģȥɻȫ̰˵˵һݹ
Ҳ֮ǼҵӲź
дѧдҽи̰İ
Ը̰ǺܸмģҲܳݡ
̰ǴӹѧģӢĺͷģҽ
²˵һӢĿģȻʱʱȥ͸̰
һߣ˶˵Ҳ͸εӰֻ
ȥ˵ΪȡЦ硱Եʣ˶顭е㲻Ҵȥ
Ǳ߰ɡ˼ѧϰأȥ˵ʲô
ڣ˵Ȼһ¶Ӣ˵ǻԲģһûС
ҺãûãѧУ͵ˡ
ۿ²ѧУܵ ˵

򸵻ӢĺܺãӢĸ˵˵ɺãһ
ô죿ֻܸ˵һﰡ
̰ûнƽѧȥ˸ڵҽԺ
񣬷СѾƽѧſڵţһ˹Ȼ˾ͽȥˡ
ƽѧʸһֱڴǷΪʲô˯һ
Թҵ˯һҸһͰҽˣԺ𣡡֮ǰһȾø̰ȻϲԼܵܵģֲȷˣ
֮ǰ̰˽¿һ˵ֻ˵˾Ц顭
ڽ￿˯һɣû񡣡
ͷͻȻʲôȵȣһ£
ʲô£ʡ
Ĵڱпǡ˼ǡˣղѡ
˼ǡȻдһЩҵ飬ƪС˵Żеˬġ
ȻʱʱΣգܿԼĴǰΣգЩһѣøղܡ
ҸһݡЦڱÿ춼ݱֽ͸һҲǿԵġ
ллʦϲ̵صл
˸һݱֽȻԼʣµǷݡ
ġ˼ǡڱһֱǷͷͷǵģ첻ǡ
죬ڱͷͷд£֮󣬲ſʼǡ˼ǡ
ڱʱҲڿڱ
ڿһ£۾һᡣ
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ǣ֮ǰһûж䣬·ֵĺӡ
ʱոճһǮ¶ǸӴȥķӣ˴ܳ˵ӵˡûѺӴߡ
ʱǸӿôûأ
֪ʵģһǸӴߣ
Щ̫ɶˣȻôԴһȺӣ
ˣһЩ˷ǳɶʵϣڱˣЩ졣
Щһֱˣ
ȻôԼӣ
ˣӦóǹӶ

һߵģҲ˵ô֮ǰҲûǿ·Щĺӡ
Щ˶Ĭˡ
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ҲЩౡ֮Ͳ֪Ҫôȥ
ȻˣҲ˾¥ǾЩС£װ˷츳¥ƷԽԽСˡ
Щǿɶ񣬺Ҳֻ֪עЩϸ֦ĩھͲˡӦ÷ۿ硣
˼ôȫںϣ

Щ˵ۣǲ֪
֪ӦûúܺЦ
ҹ£ֻ˵˵ܸı䣬Ǿ̫ˡ
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ǰسǰ̯ʱѺҲˣһûע⣬ӾȻ֪ȥ
⼸죬ÿ춼سˣػصңػصʣϺܹмʮˣҪһӣôף
˺ܶ춼ҲǶѾˣسǣȻиʶűֽҵǣ˵ڱֽϰһҸĸ
ⱨֽдǸӣǵĶӰǵĶӣһģ
˰Ǵڱ༭Ȼ
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ӣǶԷ򸾽ʵϣִ
ѾûˣʹԷԱߵĹ¶Ժȥ
ϣԷǸӵĸĸֵҵǣǡ
ӱĸسǣС߶ˣֲֹʱ򣬱ЩȥΪСŵ˿ӣټȺ鲻ãͱŰһ١
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ڹ¶ԺһųţȻż˸̰
Ȼˣúпܲż
Ҫؼңû뵽㡣̰ӰȻóâҼâ㳢ʡ


111 ѯ
âͷϡ
һ, ϺҲӡӡˡ֮ˮǳҰҲԵ, Ķôе, 㽶ƻǮ˲ųԵġ
âƾû
ҽôԼԣʡ
һС̰ЦЦ, ֵˮЩ˳˻᲻ԿҪǲϲͱˡ
е㲻̫ա
ûĲ²ʱո̰ûϰġѣ, 컹ȥˡ
ڸ̰Ӧϲģ᲻᲻̫ã
Щ, ̰ʣôˣ
ûʲô, ֮ǰûˮڼе档׻ˣллҽ
л̰
Ҫƽѧ̰뿪ˡ
Ŀ͸̰뿪â, ͦӵġ
ֻҪ뵽̰ϲԼôģͲ̫˼ܾ
еᣬ̰뿪ϵЦȴ̾ʧˡ
ǰЦˡ
, ǽȥ̰Ļưʡ
ؼҡ̰ͻȻʲôƻһЩ, ˵˵ģʵʵ˵ˡ
ǣ
ֵ̰ɣʱӸ뿪·Ӧ
ǣӦˡ
̰ʱڸңһֱɫӣ˻ңҲͬСȵ˹͸˵ˡ
Ǻܻῴ˵ģߵʲô˼һ
ʱЩڣȻע⵽ˡ
ͻȻӦǲʲô
ʵҪûӦʲôʲôûбֳ̰ЦЦԼճһʡ
죬վɵ¶ԺĺΣź²һؼҡ
ЩϿΣֻϵߵģԱЩϴʱ䣬ǻؼҵʱ򣬵Ҳ̫
ӦûôţҲûȥ䣬߹һ֮ԼҸ˸̰ĳ
Ǹĳ򿴵ͣЦŴ˸кҪ뿪
ʱס˶Էȵȡ
£ʡ
ǵġ²Ȼȥ
²ˣͿǸ򣺡ҽҪó𣿡
õġ
㵽ʱһʡ
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·𲻾ʣҲҽԺǱߵȸҽģ
ǰԥصͷ
ԣ̰ϴŸʵڵ
ЦЦҽͦæİɣң᲻ᵢ飿
Ȼϵġ⡱ǿⰲţĹҲǡ
ֲ֪ʲô֪һЦ
ûϸ̰顣
ԣЩż⡣
ûƽѧ͸ˡ
ͳǣȻ첽²
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ȻǡǡΪ⺬е㲻֪Ǻá
̰ʲôû˵ֱܲȥܾ
ҪǣԼڱ̰׷Ȼᡣ
˳Ȼˡ
ڶϳŵʱ򣬸ڵŴ򿪣̰áˡ
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ǰδǹڣҪһˡ
ƽѧſڸֿ̰ѧУ֮ȿʼΡ
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ƽѧĹʦֹʢһʢҪϵĿλǺܶģҪŽ¿ҪѧУĿΣɱطǳæ
ʢô
Ҳ㡣ʵʢԸæҪд£ҪϿΣҪŵ¶ԺǱߡһֱôȥԼǻ۹ͷ
Һϲ飬ȷʵ˲ҽ̵Ҳáʢ̾ȻˣҲΪϣÿ춼пȥġ
ʢԺ˽⣬֪ȷʵ̰棬ЦҪҵʵʦ뿪
ʢԵͷ
ʢҪ뿪飬磬͸κͤ˵ˡ
κͤͦģֻǵҪߵĻϣܵҵʵߡ
ǿ϶ġҺϲƽѧҲϲѧʵ뿪еԲ
ҪõķչʵͿԴְˣȷʵϲƽѧ
֪֮ǰҲǸѧϿεģ̫ۣͲԼˡκͤЦЦֵǵĽ¿ôáҪҪһƽѧһЩѧʦҲҪм
ԡʢһӦˣվԺÿƽѧԪ
ǮټԼķֺ죬°ͲҸ̰ҪǮˣҪҽԺҲԣκͤ
̰֣ЩΡ
̰϶ԣˣâʵݵĶâȷʵͦóԵġ
âϺ²ųˣǳ
ѾȷҪƽѧְˣϿεʱɺ棬һ㡣
ƽѧѧǺϲģ֮ǰϣܲź
ϣȥ˻ټĻš
ĴǹʵһЩͦȡ
⼸κͤʢԴң֪ҳ˻ӹӢ⣬ӦûиͲСүû˵лôˣҲ֪ǻҿڰ⡭
ٶôӣӦǰߣ
һֱ¶棬Ϊ岻áϾϱӵġүү˵λٻᲡ
ͦϲλ̽ģſ֮󣬾д
õǳߵĿд֮ŷŽŷ⣬Ʊдϣ±ĵַ
ţ컻ͲͶȥ
ڶ졣
֮ǰļ죬ȫڹ¶Ժˣûȥ¶Ժȥ½ɵĽ¿ı༭
ǽ¿ʽҵӣʢԲҪŰᶫҪһڵĽ¿Űһ飬û⣬Ҫʼӡˢˡ


112 ī
¿Ǹӿ, һֶܴʱ, ʢȿһ, ٿһ顣
һ飬ĴЩͨ˳, Ǵ֡
˽֮Ȼ¥
¥£λдŷϳĽ¿˵ַ
¿ճʱ򣬳ѧУĴͻ, ûи˶ĵģҲĸ˶ġ
ԽԽҪ, ֱӷҺ, ǮĹˡ
ʢԲһֱ˶ģҲæ
ԺҪиڱ༭СʢԵ¿ԽԽ󣬿ɲһʼˣܶ鶼Ҫ淶С
Ҳ֪һ㣺, ˡҲе㲻̫
ʢԲţæҵȥˣЩҾ߻׼һķȫ, ʼż
Щ, ܶ඼ǷǮģͱҪʢ
ŵʱͦпġ
Щţ󲿷Ϻܱ߼ĹģЩ˶Ľ¿ֻΪʡȥÿ¹鷳֮⣬յϾ졢ȵصš
ЩطȻҲ֪¿ˡ
ǶĽ¿ʷѱȿﱾҪĹʵܲ㣬Ǵ˲⣬ɴ˿ɼݿĻɹ
æãŽеϿǺãͬʱҲʢͶء
λдд÷ɿҲˣдʱȻȫûд֣
ңëʵģ
Ȿ£ôģʡ
ҲɶѡǿԷġԼĺӣҵȥ飬ƫּƶֽʣͿ֣ͬ˼ˣûѧʲôһֻ㲻֣ɴԴΪˡ
˵ļ򵥣֪Ȼ˺ܶѡ
ģѾˣôһȶӪ
˵ţʢִˣ̧һŷʽɳľʽɳڻȻȥԱߵĻҡ
ˣңǼģʱǱ༭ûˣѹòʱֻԷ֮á
ҾҪ͸У˳ǴɨӡʢԵ
ҲӦˡǮɣȳ˷ʱһЩȥƽѧԽԽæ˲顣
Ըƽѧʦģţ͸ˡ
ڱ༭߲ʢֻˣʵ֮һЩС
ôУԷֲֹһˣǮǴӹгΪáʢԺܼ֣֮ǰ˵ˣƽѧķʳ¿߰ˡ
¿ٳֿ֧ÿ¾ǧ󣬶ԷϹͳǮʮ鶼룬ûоܾ
ʢֵãҼƽϣҲ˼ùеǮ˲ٶһֱ˵˷ѡ
ʢԻǮȷʵִŵģñ༭ʱʲôõ򣬻˺ôһǮǿǮƵˣǲ⡣
˵һͨʢֵ֮ǰҰƷ𣿸ղҼҵƹ˼ң㿴ɡ
˵ţóһľһ򿪣Ƽһɫ˿˿ĸӣһһ
ĸ̵̱ģһ͸ģһɫ
ҲǱ̵ģǹī䡣
ʵϸ壬īɫ͸ẉ̂滹ûʲôʣһ۾ϲˡ
ʵûʲôоҲ֪⼸Ǻöǿī䡣
ī䲻˰ɣʡ
ʢԵɫʵʵõģɫϲ⼸˵ġ
ЩܹǮʡ
ͳһǧ󡣡ʢԵ
һǧСĿʱòôǮ֪ĺöңҵкڣҲǻǼ۵ģЩҶҪģǮҪЩӲܸ
ⲻ⣬ЩҲУҼҵĶʢԵ
֪ʢԼǮû뵽鱦ӡǾ͵´ν¿ֺʱٸ㡣
ʢԵʾû⡣
ľս룬ȻͿ̰ˡ
Ȼһ㶼⡣
˵ҪҾ͹̰һӽȻӷϣЩʳǹǵǨ֮ϲ
̰Ķ٣иһЩѼʲôģ߶ʳž㡣
ܶ࣬ĳʳ˶ϲġ
ҽлˣҸյһī䣬úʺ㡣
˼һֱո̰̾뵽Լյõī䣬˵֮еڡ
ǮģҪûͷˡ
ģ̰ʣźڴ
ѳڣղˣľ˳Ȼǿḭ̄ҽ㿴ϲϲ
Ư̰źϲ
Ǿ͸ˡ
ллƷˡ̰ЦպùĿľɨ
ĸӿ϶Ů˴ģڷ𡭡дŮҲǸŮӵġ
ߵŮҲ²ӦǸǵġ
ûʲô
̰վڽ¿ı༭һʢԻ᲻æ
û˵ʲôʢԾ͵ǺæǴƽѧʦְ񡣡
Ǵʲôʱְ̰ʡ
ʢԵͲˡʲôʱеˣǾʲôʱְ
ֺ̰ģ뿪
ȸ̰뿪ʢԾ͵ҽĹϵãīҿϲûȾͳȥˡ
û˵Ҳ֪Լôʹľôˡ
༭ĸ˳˸̰ĳʳͣԹ֮뿪¿༭ȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
Ѿûʲôˣȥ¶ԺǱߵ˳չһЩӡ
¶Ժ½½һЩӣѾʮˣвٺȱݣչ鷳ǱҲͺæ
ȥʱڣȥˣǽڡ
ã˵üĿˡ
𣿡档
ϰܸҼˣҾӦûʣǺܿҪˡȻͰҪ˵˵ˡ
ҪģǵϰǸѸѡ
Ѹ첹ĻӣԭӹͦãϧǰɷֵܴҪռķӡ
ȻǲԸģֿûá
ĹŲңѻᣬ㶼ȰùסϾĹš
סŵķӣȻɷʱģ͸ҵģסžͲˣĻܽŸϳȥ
ȴͬʱһǮûⷿӾ͸ǵģҪĺӡ
סɷֵܱҲҪסˣķӱͲôһȺ˼ĺӣҪסȥ
˼ôһס£϶ͲŲˣⷿӵ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
ŮҲǹϣһģɴѷˣǮǮׯŶŮӼа
һʱ޴ȥ뿪Ƿ֮ԭ첹ҲҲӪҲûˣҸɣɴӳϰ֪ˣ͹ˡ
ѣ˵ƣҲǼһ¡
ͦŮ˵ģµͦãһգܽһ̹¶Ժĺӡ
ȷʵ¶ԺŮѧͦġ
ΪʲôŮӣʵŮѧѧߣЩӾͲøɺŷĻˡŷֻҶܸɣʵ׬ʲôǮҪЩѧ·ʲôģԺ׬Ǯܶ׬㡣
Ůѧִķװʦʲôģ˲ɣ
˵ҲǡһۣЩ塣
Ȼʱܶ˺ҪŮƽȣǱʶǾŮһˣڲͬ
ģϰʹˡ
ϰЦŴк
塣Ҳϰкͬʱ֡ˣˡ
ϺͦСġ
ǸϰŮպ飬ҶһȻҦˡ
Ҧ˻ŮСӡ
ЩԾЩˣСشк
ЦŸͷȻȥʺĻ


113 ְ
ʮ, Ĵ׳
ֱԲ, ˵Լ, һΪҸһ棬Ϊ˶ԼҵЩˡǻٵĹ¶Ժ, ſڻеվţҵ˹϶Ҳ¡
Ҳ֪ãҲûˡǸ
߹չЩӲЩ, ÿԪԸ𣿡ʡ
ϲ⣺ȻԸģǰ첹Ĺ, һʵ׬Ԫ
, Ҳ⣬ͨղŵ죬ֺǸԿŮˣҪˡ
Ҧ̫̫ˡ
Ҧ̫̫Ϊʲôҹ
Ҧ̫̫ӡ󼫺, ʱҲ֪޲ԣ޲ͬʱĴŮҲŲһ㡣
֪, Ҧ̫̫뿪ȥԼǰһѡ
Ѽ޵ļ, ҾʵȥͶһסָһǮ
Ҧ̫̫ôҵԼ
һʱʶġʱ׼ңͰԼûĻ
Ҧ̫̫˻ŮţҦ̫̫Ҧ
Ҧ̫̫ȥҦ̫̫ĺѼһҦ꣬ҲݺݵؿҦ̫̫һ
Ҧ̫̫ĺͬҦ̫̫ģķұҦ̫̫ôֹ֮ȴҦ̫̫뿪
Ҧ̫̫Ҳ۱ˣ뿪ˣͺһҹߡ
ҺʹѾѾ£ϣиסĵطǴ⺢ӡҦ̫̫ԼСӣЩн
ȱˣϹ֣Ҫ¿϶ǿԵģһҪĴ߿ô죿׿
Ҧ̫̫ˡ
ֵ¶ԺǻٿģѲǱߴк˿϶ǲµġӸ᲻ϣҲ㡣ҪҦ̫̫ܲҦ꣬ԸҦ̫̫µģҦһҦ̫̫ͲܰҦ̫̫¡
Ҧ̫̫ҡ
Ҧ̫̫ĴŮһ
Ҧ̫̫ŮһۣᶨٲȥģҲСˣҦҵķģҲǷʲô
ӡЩԾ
Ҧ̫̫ۿһ죬ʵҲҵˣҪȥѧȱǮãǱҪҪǰһֱǰñȱصģôʣʵҺġҲͬ˱Ҫñ
Ҧ̫̫֮ǰȻŮӼ˳ʵҲûﳹ׶ϾҦܹ꣬ǶҦεġ
ţԼˣҦڡ
Ȼ֮ǰҦҪѧʱô֣ʵڲ
ǲҪΪһɵӣѧ顣
ѧҵȫȥˣѧҲûǮȥ
ô̤ʵˣҪܵܡʵĺ
ЩܶҦԺôãòֵá
ѾԺٲˡ
ȷҦ̫̫̬֮󣬱ǿ¡ŮҪ£ͬһԪס
Ҧ̫̫ŮСˣһ£ûжʡ
ϾҦ̫̫ŮСĻ࣬Ҧ̫̫иĵСӡ
Լǩġ
ÿһٻؼȥͣһԪҦ̫̫Ůһ¶Ժ£һ˶סһԪнˮ
нˮŲߣʵҲˣϹ͸Ů˵ӶˣԪ͹
ȻˣǸǮĳġ
е㲻⣺ǵнˮôҸߣ
裬ʶ֣ҪЩգǲһġ
˵Ҧ̫̫ʶ֣ʱһԹԶûˡ
Ǻе㲻˼ʵʶ֡
ôҲʶֵģʶ٣Ժѧͺˡ
ߵѾףϰ뿪ˡ
ͳϰȥϰٲԼĶӣϧûдʲôϢ
ϰ뿪ͻ˹¶ԺȻҦ̫̫ǶҪʲô
ȹ۲켸죬Ȼ󿴿ܲܰѺĸ֡
Ҧ̫̫ӦҲûǡ
æţ²ˡ
磬Ҹձ²
²ʼ֮ʱʱؾ͸һ㻨Ǯô˵϶ԼǮġ
²ܵߣձ磬ձɺóˣףҦ̫̫ҦС㣿
ȵؿҦ̫̫
Ҧ̫̫²ҲͬԾѡ
Ҧ̫̫ʶϾסҦҵʱһʼţ顣
ʶ²ģ²ʱûվڴǣﻹĽ
Ȼˣڵ²ţѾǸվڴĽؿǵŮȫһˡ
Ҧ̫̫ٿ²һʱɫɷס
ԭ˵ĺܣԼиŵĵطˣ
Ҧ̫̫ԩ²飬Ҧ̫̫ͷβ֪ġ
ʱ¼Լţ£Ͷﲻȥ
Ҧ̫̫ôҲϳҦ̫̫ǼҦ̫̫εģҦ̫̫͵ȣûʲô仯
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·Ư־Ҧ̫̫غ޲ҸضȥҲˣҡû뵽ǣԲס
Ҧ̫̫Ů֮ǰͦ˵ģɫҲѿغܣŮӿˮ
ǺܸмģǳԶûԹصǣǸˣˣȻǸݸϳȥ
һң϶ȥˡ
ܲ³ǵ뷨ֱӶҦ̫̫ҦҵλСҪ﹤
Ŷ˵ͷʣҦ̫̫ôˣ
²Ҳͬ档
˵²񣬶Ҧ̫̫ĸŮû̫
Ǿѧϳҵ飬ֳϢˣҦ̫̫ڵһҲͲ̫ŭֻǴҦ̫̫ѡ
Ҧ̫̫λҦС㡭
²еĽǵģסõӣÿֻҪ廨ӹúܺãڻһ¡ʶĽˣʵòˡ
Ҧ̫̫ͬ
Ҧ̫̫ûע⵽²̬ȣͷţҡҡ
Щߣƫ᲻ãţ㱻ҲǺõġ
Ҧ̫̫Ҧסȥˣ˸Ҧֿ̫̫ͣҦ̫̫Ҧ̫̫ҵһμ㣬Ѿ֪ˣϾʱҦ̫̫ˡ
Ҧ̫̫Ҳ£Ծؿ
ºú¾С
Ҧ̫̫һʱϲ
ҦҵλСǸмؿҦС㻹Ǹˣ
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²ʱѾȥҦС˵ˣôˣǲ̫ף
²ڴڿҦ̫̫ĸŮҦ̫̫ĸŮȻҲǿġ
ʱĽҦҵС㣬ⲻ֪ҦСʵҲĽĽ档
²Լ˵ҦС˷ܵǺһֺܲ˼ǱϾǼҳ
Ǽҵ飬¼˶֪ġҦСͰȫ˵ˡ
²꣬Ҧ̫̫ˣ˼䡣
Ҧҵ˼״ǰ
¼˶ǺˣûмǺǡ
һʱӸмͬʱҲ⣬ԺǾҦҦ̫̫ˡ
Ҫôˣ϶ᱻߡ
¶ԺڿշӺܶ࣬Ҧ˰һ䣬Ҧ˾סˡ
ˣǻŸɻڣʲôøˡ
ϲǣҦ̫̫ŮǳڴӣСӤ⣬Ҧ̫̫Ǹ̫ԾСȻƲģ£ǳ֮ԣҲҦ̫̫ЩŮӤʱ򣬲ŲˣߵҦ̫̫ȥСסҦ̫̫½ǡ
ϣվɸϿΡ
²Ҧ̫̫Ůһȥˣڽİ칫д
дǡڰ󡷣ͦעΧģһ˹ͻд˱ĶĸֽڵסԼдĶ
Ȼˣʵû˹ϻؼȥˡ
²վ֮뿪¶Ժ˼ҡ
ʱ̰ڿš
ţͰպˡ
ԽԽ壬дŵʱҲҸù֡
Ӣʱ򣬸̰Ѿдˡ
ּŹˣдʲôӢʡ
̰ѾҵʦأȻҵ˿ֻдĶ˵˵
˵Ҫ£˵ӢΪӲɣ
ǲҲ֪ҿṩϣٽҴӱ𴦵֪ϡЩ̫ǳ顣̰
ӢԶǲ˽ģֻܵ£ðɡ
¶˵ǻ£ʱ˵ջ񡭡עǱһ㡣̰ҵϹһǿ鱨֮£Ļǲ
ֻǽһһ٣˵Ǳ߳Ҫʲôʱ֮࣬û˵ˣֻܶජŵ㡣
ֲ̰Ӣ̾ȻͻȻע⵽̰ĲϹһף㲱Ϲʲô㲻ϲ𣿡
̰һҪŸ˿ġ
ţ֪ʲô顣
̰֮ǰԼе㿹ܣھȻáͦġ
Ӣûףûмȥ̰˵˱ģע̾ͱתˡ
ĩһվȥƽѧ
Ȼ磬κͤԷʱ򣬾ȻӢʦˣҵӢʦˡ
ԣЩȣϾκͤҪͦߣͷõӢʦֲҡȥͿκͤվŸʮ꣬źˣ˿ЦŴкãҽнҺϲдġѧ
áк
κͤЦ㻹ԡ
˵꣬ͻȻʲôЩֵؿ򽪳û˵¥ô֪ģ
Ѳˣ֪ʵࡣ
һع֮а˲ϰӢģҵǸѧԡ
⻰ͻȻ뵽ʲôڸϰӢģ
ǰЦ

˵Ӣʦңôκͤôҵˡͷ̰ǳġ
ͦӵġ
ܸӣʢȴֻĽʦңû뵽ȻӢʦҵ̫ˡ
Ҳáй
εȻҵˣϴְͽ֮䣬нӹҪ
ңǰûиôѧϹΣ֪ҪôϿΣҲѧ졣
ǣͿʼȥϿΣҲһЩϿҪע顣
̰վɹʱ򣬾ͿͽһŰ칫ǰü˵ʲô
̰Цæ
̧ͷ̰͵ҲûʲôǽʦҪһЩ顣
ҵˣ
ǰ
ô͸̰ڽĪе㷢䡣
ǸŻϻµģҼүڹⰲ֮󣬾ͰҲͳ˹
ڹûѧõĶǳѧ˻ȻҪ£֮ǰٵķԸȥѧӢҲˣӢʦ
ѾڿǣҪҪڽӢĵͬʱ˳Щѧˡ
ʵ뵱ʦȻĲô
е
ʱͻȻʣҽʦ֮ǰһֱڸӢģǲӦúô˵
ǲ졣̰ҲһشֵȻʶġ
ʵڻңӦҪķӦġ


114 顶Ⱦ
Īؾø̰еɰ
Ƿָ̰͵ī֮
ûм׷, ˵˵İ⻰ȥˣ̰, 뿪ˡ
ȸ̰뿪, 򽪳ʦع֮һֱڸ˲ϰӢûģ
Ļһع, Ȼ͵ڹѧһʱûҵʵĹǼˣղǸ٣̫ƴˣΪαװݷôĹ
ЩԾͷѧѧ, ̫ټˣҲǺǮġ
Ȼ, ǰһֱ˽Ӷ, ͻȻʲôѧᣬȥѧˡ
ԼǮѧˣǰѧʲôûáǴ󸻺϶ɲ顣
롶ͽͯӦнʦæɣ
ҵûʲô, ǽӢĶѡ
ѧô
һһģʱҪѧӢģʱֲѧˡ
£ʵ
ʸ, Ҳ˽һ㸵̰
͸̰Ȼʶ˺ܾã̰ô˵, Ը̰˽⣬ʵࡣ
˵˲١
ȥѧΪǽҵСӡʵϣʱͳҲĸҪһѪ
ڴϺҲɡ
ԣ̰ݣԼݣǴ˵ģľûʲôˣЩС£˵˵޷
ʱٿǽ˵ѣҪõġ
ǣ͵֪̰ϲС˵̰һʮ¿Ļؼȥˡ
ʵġ
ͻȻǸǶģ̰ˡֶô飬Ҳԭġ
Ҳ֪̰ϲˡ
û̹飬Ӣ˵÷ǳãǻԲҲԸѧϰ
ԼʱεʼǱִ˼֮ѾԶϿˡ
ǣڵʽְ׼뿪ƽѧ
ƽѧÿѧǮһʼǱ
ʼǱţƤֽãÿţƤֽϣȫͬѧǩ
ͦжģԼд֮ġӢĶġȫУѧһһ
ѧУЩѧѾˣһҲ˵ġ
ְʵ޶ĳΪŶֱӽ˸ƽѧŵĽ¿༭
ÿ칤ĵص㣬ʹƽѧΪһǽ֮Ľ¿༭ˡ
Ĺ˽ˣʢԵĹһʱû˽֣ҪϿβУߣĽҶѾüûȥֳˡ
ʶ˰ңûʦġ
ʹˣûСʢֵ̾ˣæŰɣ¿ߣͽˣ
ʢ˵¿ˣҪæʵࡣ
һڵĽ¿ѾУܶ飬ǱɽģֻҪǮѡ
ȻˣҲ̫աҪһڵĸ
¿ѾȫˣյҪһһ֮õ£õģĻȥ
ʾֵĴͻŷǳˣǻ˶Ǯ
ڸӲ࣬򵥣ԺӦûԽԽ࡭ġ
һڵĽ¿ϣһй£רſӵı༭ŵʱӦûкܶӦƸ
ʽְʱһڵĽ¿Ѿˡ
ǰ漸ڴ·һڵĽ¿ı֮ǰãһУڱ༭ǿġ
ְĵһ죬ڱ༭һֱæ㣬Ű֮ǰѹһЩȫæ꣬Ȼóֽʣʼд˼ǡ
ʱѾдǧˣֽʷźãȥƽѧ
Ҧ̫̫ġ
ԴӺҦ̫̫˹¶Ժˡ¶ԺǱߵĺܶ๤ˣĲƽѧĻҦ̫̫ˡ
Ҧ̫̫Һܳ裬øʲôֻػѧ˵ģҦһûʱҲĳͦġ
ǰæټϹ¶ԺĺչСһĺӣпƽѧˡ
ÿ춼ᵽƽѧ Σεʱ򣬾ȥ¶ԺǱտЩӣٸ¶ԺĺϿΡÿһ죬÷ǳʵ
ڣڹӢķ֪ʶѾԶԶ²ˡ
ȻˣҲ²ԹӢȤйء²ѧϰǺģ֣Ŀƣϲơ
ǲȥ²ģһ㣬һЩѧ²뿴ʱʱܿ
ƽѧԹ²ȥ˹¶ԺǱߣص༭д
¿ı༭ͨ˵磬װ˵Ƶģǹ¶ԺǱ߲δͨ磬˵ȻǴڱ༭߸
ϣûдڰ󡷣óֽȻڸֽдˡȾ֡
дһ飬дⲿ飬йء
ǰգյ˻ٵĻţڻù
ù̫ˣ϶ǲõģһˣùظоͻᱻ֪ʲôģˣ֣ҲͺбҪ
ڡڰ棬س֮Ϊֵ֡á
ó֣ûϾ͸ٻš
ͻٶסϺ칦򣬾ܼĳһյһ⣬Ƶе̫ˣûôʱдţҲбҪͨƵɴ˼졣
ȵڡ
дһƪС˵š
Ҳ˳С˵һҩ
ȻˣҪдС˵ʵһԭ򡭡ڰⱾ飬㽫֮ᣬҲ˵ᣬʱͣһʱ䡣
Ȿ鱾һһдģˣбҪҲԽдȥ
ΪʲôҪôдƪģʱһϣдһЩִĶʾʱˡ
ǰߣдڽʮ֣ѾдĲˣҲд˲١
ȻдĲȫ棬Ҳû취顣
дˡ
˵ģ˵ʷһ飬ײܶġ
ҿ϶Ҫ̽ʷⲿС˵ĶߣҲҪ֪ʷʷ죬ֲдʵġ
񣬶ʮ¸δҵдʲôһãܾܿͻδŲ֪ķ񱼣ĳЩˡ
ǰЩӣдڵġڰ󡷣Ȼͽʱβˣд
ⲿȾдġ
ְпд
ȾⱾıڰһ21ִֻͣص㲻йձ
Ȿ飬дȻǿƻõģٶʱ˵ǿƻõġ
£дһֿµϸŰ
ֿµϸҪ׷ݵǰձͼϸй
ʱץ˺ܶйˣʵ飬ʣɾ˲˵飬йͶŸϸ
ʱйʵңй˵ʬ̳ɵģϸͶųȥǺˡ
Һãʧˡ
ձ˱ϳйߵʱ򣬴˸ʵԼһϸ
ЩڰǨ;ʧˣû֪ȥ
ֱһȺձѧһϣзһõʵҡ
ԭһЩѧҡ飬ĳЩٵ֧´ʵ豸㵽ϣｨʵңǲһֿµϸ׷׸Ⱦϸ
Ⱥձѧӵ뿪ʱͬȾϸ
ǻصУһ磬ߺͼһϴ裬ֻߺŮһ˸ȻߵˣͶȾϸ
ɴչ
ձֻսʱϸսɥĲ˵û˵ϸٷžǵѪҺõϸ飬һ˾ġ
һЩصϣʱﲻ֪жС˵ͷһԼŭˡ
ⲿС˵˸Ⱦϸ֮״дرҡ
ӡˡ»ޡǶȾһʼܴʮ죬ȴͻ帯
ǰδɵԸԵøҲ¡
һŮˣʱĲµģԼСŮ۾ʱСŮʵѾ˸Ⱦ֢״
ԼС˵ܻ𣬵ʱ򡭡ĳҵĳЩĲɳӦҲ衣
ϾģɲһֻбԵĹңԼҲܵù
οʱŷޣϸǳ־壬ϾںܳʱںӰһΣǧ˵ռŷ˿ڵ֮һ
Ҫ֪ΪڶսȥҲռ˿ڵİٷ֮ѡ
£ձķˣһܵȫĵơ
С˵дĳġ
ʵУϸȻǲڵġվϸսʹõϸùҲûʲôЧ
ߣһùùƵģ⻹ֻڲΣ˺ڣҪѪˣԤ϶Ч
дС˵С˵ϸޱȿ£֡Ȼǿޱġ
ȻˣҪŻС˵տʼʱϸŰһ÷ɿ졭
С˵ִʵͦģ˵С˵ˣƵĵӰɥʬĵӰʵͿԹС
ʱС˵ǺټģڹڣǴδ
˵дĻǰˣ
ΪһִˣΪһܶһĵӰС˵ˣ֮ܽд÷ǳʵ˻Ƥ񡭡
ˣǻëȻ
ĥţдһҪ˷ҵ֣취һ㡣
ϣһдֽ߰Щֽϣв¿ƪʣµȴǴϸ٣ڰ֮ࡣ
ڽļúдһдС˵д꿪ͷ֣ٽ֮ĸ١
ⲿС˵ӦûдʮңҲܸһ㣬С˵һйҽҲǺо绹С֡ˡ
ⳡµ֮߱ձȻͼ˲Ű
ʱ䲻ˣԼĶʰãȥ¶Ժ²񣬽մӽ¿ı༭Ϳ˸̰
˸̰Ϊʲôͽ˵֮󣬸̰Щȣ춼ûҲżˡ
죬ϳŵʱȴֻῴµĸ̰
ҽ¶ûҽԺ߿ڲпơ·ЩԵģҪ𣿡̰ʡ
ҵʵе⡭ϵģҽԺͣˣڵϹʲôÿģ
û𴩣ð
ʲô̰졣
վҹɫе㿴ɫĪؾãЦӦúܺÿ


115 
̰Ÿ, źüʳǳ, ܾ, ϶Ϻõľ¥ġ
æôãѾˣһѼȳ, Цлл
л̰ҪؼˣҸһߡ
ûоܾ˳·ģܲܲͬ⡣
Ҫǲͬ⣬̰ǻġ
ǵ¶Ժſڵʱ²ôӹ¶Ժ, ˾һȥ
һֱšȾ飬Щ, ̰ʣʲô
ûʲô, ǽ̵ֿϢͦӵġڳ˵ģҲ֪ϰĶôˡ
Ǳڴ̣ܶ鲻ò, Ѿʶ˰ˡ̰Ǹ⡣
ӣ˼ˣ֪УѾǷ˸̰ܶ顭
˵˼ſ, ͷֿˡ
̰صʱ򣬸ĵƻš
˶, ӷ磬һڵĽ¿ˣ㿴𣿡
ˡ̰鲻ּһ䣺㷭Ĺºܲ
ʱģǫ飺ҲʵҲûá
ǻӢ϶Ҫһµģ̰ڸµ£ǺѺõģѾܲ Ŭ
ˣֵ磬򼸱Ļȥ
ȥ졣̰Ӧˡ
˺ܶ¿ûȥԸĻȥˡ
̰Լ֮󣬾ʹ˽Ĵڱġ˼ǡ
¿ȷʵˣʵֻǼ򵥷˷ûϸϾûд¡
˼ǡҪģԺӲϻ
ǳæҲǸǲˡ
̰ѵ˯ˣ˵ڶ죬׼ʱ𴲡
ǰЩһѸֻΪ˽ŸĿڣ˳µظһߣǶѾϰ߸һˣҲòٰѸˡ
ʵϣȷѾµʲô֮ҪأҪŬġ⡱
̰ͣͿͬʱֹעŸڡ
һ־͵٣Ҫˡ
̰ԣվ߳ȥڵĿ𣬱Ҳš
ȻﻹΡ
̰ƼĪеЦҲȷʵЦˣɡ
ɡ֪̰϶Ҫһߣɴˣҽһ߰ɡ
á̰
վ²ȥѧУһȥ˽¿༭
ûʲô飬ͰʱȫдȾˡ
һ磬ƪС˵Ĵٺϸ١
дĺܶණǱϣ϶дֻսϸսʵϣƪĵШǼձѧҵʵңһ ʹйҽĽǶȥдˡ
ȻˣΪձֻ϶ᵽ
ڣҲǼٵġȫֻȻûзձʵѾйˡ
ʱڣͷ˼սţɥȨġԼǩ
Լɶ뵺̨嵺丽졢еøձ˵Ҫ⳥ձѰͨ̿ڰȵȡ
ʵϣǩԼԭСյԼձԷٷչ
һս֮ձ½ռɽͶȵأڶʮȫֻ
дôһƪȾձǱ߿϶ǻģΪȥձѧյǲˣҲ
⣬Ҳдԭ
ϧ¥дĶǾǣεģνˡ
ڵʱܻ֮ܵ࡭ûٿ϶ܴá
ռĵ̣ձСûһձ
ձŸɣԻ˵Ҳ㻵¡
һ罫Ȿ֮Ϳʼˡ
һʱ䣬дǧֶ֣ˡ
κͤ£ƽѧԷҦ̫̫ûȥɴֱȥ˹¶Ժԡ
¶Ժʱ򣬹¶Ժĺڳ
ǽϳԵǰ׷⣬ÿ˻ֵܷһΡ
һףαС˼ӽ죬ÿ˷һײӪ
ЩģЩ¶Ӫ֮һĺӻҹä֢ҲͺעǵӪ
ȻԵĲЩ
Ҧ̫̫һЩ˸ʿ˳ԵģԼֲԣЩӳһġ
һ˼̫ãһ棬Ϊ˵ЩӳһĶѾǳˣǰҦң˵׷ˣԷܳ˳ԡ
ͽһԣϵĶǳģ⻹гӡѼһ̳
²ǳԵĲҲһԣһЩڱ𴦳Եġ
ʱŮŮһײá
꣬ȥǣȻͷ²Ŷеûûζӣôˣ˲óԣ
ǡ磬ЩӳԵôǳԵôá²¶
ҪǳԵһҲǰŬˣܲΪͬ飬ȥһοôˣҪԼˣǸͰﲻ
Ը˵ģΪ˰˶Լ
²Ҳһʱ벻ףô˵֮󣬵Ҳˣֻ磬æ
ʲô£ʡ
磬ѾѾҪ֡²
²˵ĴѾѾҦСҦС㡣
ҦⷿסˣǴСС㣬ʵϣλҦһֱܳ裬õֶûУôѾѾš
£Ҧ̫̫֪𣿡ʣɲ֡
Ȼ֪ġ²磬Ҳ˼Ҧ̫̫ˣңڴҶ
ȻҦ̫̫Ҳ֪£Ȼ᲻ͬ⣬Ҧ̫̫һҽȻ顣
¶Ժʱ򣬿һ˼ֵӣڵǺһЩˣѾѾԺգõ֡
˵ҪŮеԾӡֺ˺ö࣬ʣǶʲô
룬͵ϣƽƽġ
ƽİʵôҪòʣġ
ܺˡܸˣ־Ǻ
壬ƽİҲݣЩ˼
ʱڹ¶Ժ佱ڹ¶Ժ˶֪¶ԺΪдˡ˼ǡųֵģڴҶݵĲСЩεġ
⺢𣿡ָСʡ
ҡҡͷƽͽ
ͽıɡ
㶡
С⣬Ѿһ⺢ˣȻҲ;⺢ноУҪõ֣˸֡
ֵпն̽ҿҲر𱿡
֪⺢ӵʲôܹҪ̽̿ġ
㲻̵ܽĶãҲҪ
ڹ¶Ժһֻص¿༭ҹսдȾ
Ŭǰ׷ѵģ칦дֵġȾȻż˳ȥ


116 
հѡȾĳȥ, ͷһ¡
λͳȥˡ
λͳʷϣԸΪ, ܶ, ȴòһζķ
ʵ˺ܶʵ£⣬ҲϵĿ, һĻʦӱѧиָʱ
ϧǣǹһ̫ܵ࣬õķߣõķߵġ
ʧȥλ쵼֮, Ҳšһˣսʱڡ
֮ȥȥս, , ͬʱսˡ
ڱֽϿϢʱ򣬳̾һ
Щ飬ܹҪġ
²С, ƾٹ𶯣˻ϲ˳
ǹעҴµģ϶£ʱ, м˲ĹҴ£
Ҳ֪£侲ܶࡣ
ʢ˵, Ǹʱˣʲôˣ˵ٶҲûá
ôͶԹҴºģʢЩ
ҲǲģֻҸĹã¡̾ԣʵҪ˵ʲôȥд¡
Ҳǣ߶߶壬дƪ£ֽȥʢԵ
룬ֵдˣҿ԰㿴ʢױʫ飬ǹʦѧʶǺԨģʵôóд¡
һ뵽дģһƪд˾áЩԾˡ
͵˼ά̫죬ûϡ
޸ģԼܳһ飬£ͺܲˡ
ʢҲ֪Լģлˣ
˵꣬дʱȴǼ𡶰ٿȫ顷
ϱӿܶ飬Ǻѣõ£ȿڽ¿ϡ
һֱãһҵδǿӵģϣܿغӵ۽磬Ӱ캢ӵ˼룬ĺ
ʢһ죬дһƪ£Ľ޸ģȻͶȥˡ
ԼĽ¿ǲ`µģͶЩȥ
ǰЩǲʢԵģһˡʢн¿ݣֱӾͿ࣬ǰӡ
ʢˣóȾд
˼ǡµдزĻܶ࣬ҲͲҪ̫˼ĻǷŷҲ޷ҪдģǡȾˡ
Ȼ˴£Ϻͨյȴһ㶼ûܵӰ졣
ȥ¶Ժʱ򣬹¶ԺĺǣһϲЦտк
ʲô֪
ڹ¶Ժֻ߳ص˽¿༭
ǰգ¿ѾרŸ𿴸ӵı༭ˣڽ¿༭ʢ⣬ĸԱ
ĸԱѾ°࣬ʢŸӳȥ֮û༭ֻһˣԾд
дһʱ䣬ͣ˱ʡ
ͻȻе㲻ϰߡ̰Ѿûˡ
֮ǰ̰żʱⲻʢȴ˼ĸоڸ̰ˣ־ò̫ԡ
̰ʱ򣬸̰ڻӢլ
ͳͲˡ
Ҹдţ̸ͳȥᷢʱǾѾ֪ͳˣǻû뵽λߵô졣
Ѿ
緢Ϣ˵Ѿ˵װʵˡӢ
̰˵ͷ
һҵţ֪ص飬кܴĸʻᷢҲˣظԼĴֹԼĴ׼
˵бҲˣպĻϻʢƽʵû̫ҰģŸʱĲҪȻ෴Ľ
ڴ̣ʵҲûôҪˡǸӣȻɱƴгкӹĺˣҲԽԽϧˣʼں
ԭ򣬻ҲûȥһѵĴ㣬ֻܺԼһĶֵء
Ҳ㻵£̰Ǻ޳Լĸôģ֪Ҳͬ޳ɡ
ǶսҲ̣ϾҪֻǰա
ˣǲ籣ʵúػһա
ͳһڱߵĺܶ鶼Ҫ°ţ̰쿪ʼһֱæţææòˣпմż
ȻżʹżȻҲͱ̰ŵ
񡣡Ӣһһرԣ˭
ҡ̰
ǰѡڰ󡷵ĸӼĹˣӢʣһͦ뿴ݵġ
Ӧòǣڰ󡷵ĸӣѾˣ˵ʱд̰һ˵ţһ߲ϵš
Ų𿪣óһĸֽ
һļĸˣ
̰ЩԾȻͷŷģһĸ⣬һֽ
ֽϾɷ֣֡
ǡù֣
֡ʸ̰İϾڡڰֹ
ҾС˵д֣ٸùصģùس֮Ϊá
ʣµġ̰ǵֽ
ֽĿͷд2020꣬ձ
ⱾС˵дҲǰ󣿻ձ
̰ͻӢձ֣üͷ΢塣
ĩռսձǩˡԼҲˣȥϾˣձݽˡʮһ
գʱ֮󣬸ȥλǩ˲ƽȵġԼ
Լձ̰ãչλͳΪǩԼ
ڵʱʵѾˡ
̰ͻӢձûкøеģƪС˵ıձеӦȻǼȥ
С˵ĿͷдһȺձѧһϷһʵңʵҵ˲ϣ֪ʵңǴйǨġ
Щѧ֪ǵĹһǰйй˸ˡʱͱԹ˼䣬ȻˣҲ˱ʾʵоĶ񲢲ã˶ûʲô
Ȼ뿪ʵҡ
ǵڶ ˡ
ձ˿µĴȾ˵徫ǰձ飬ȷձĻ˵İȫ
ձ֮󣬼ִȾĿ£ͬʱҲе֪˴ȾԴ
ǰձĹҽʵңûʵ飬󡭡ԼҵˣȻ
ȻĲֻǹҵˣϾкܶҵ˶ձ鲢ûб֪ʱ򣬻һЩȥҡ
֮ǰڡڰ棬ûдһЩҽƷ֪ʶôֹȾɢ֮࣬Ȿǿдˡ
дģִȾĿֲ
̰ͻӢһ𿴵ġ
Ӣ̰͸һʱ˼ǰݸӿꡭ
ӢһԼĸ첲ϵĺëѾֱ̰ҽǲĲ
ִһЩ˵һοɥʬĵӰС˵ʱ򣬻᲻ɱ־壬ʱ򣬻ӢҲŵˣӢʱ˵ǹҵĹŴҲиߣô£
ǡ̰㲻õģֻҪעӴˣͲᱻȾ
Ժһϴ裡Ӣ̾͵ż͵ϴ裬ڡȥϴ衣
̰û˵ֻֽС˵һ顣
Ӣ˻ϵļƤʧˣʣ̰Ϊʲôˣ˵ձǵĹʵ顭òİɣ
Ҳ֪̰
֪ǲǴڣҪڣҲ֡
ǸݽʱСĹҵǲֵǮ֮ǰ˵һ£˵һʿйմܣ˵˭Ӯˣ͸˭һһհһɱ͸ȻЦˡ
оܶҩú˻ʲôҩģ
ʵҴڣ֡
С˵̰ӣ͵ڼеϣ±Ϻˡ


117 ȱǮ
ӢüͷһЦС˵, Ǹÿǳ, žʹ졣
̰û˵, 뷨ͻӢһҲС˵ž˾ʹ졣
Ȼˣʹ, ĳЩ˿¾Ͳôˣ⡣
ˣʲô˵ʲôдӢֵҶԽԽˣ֪Ǹôˡ
Ҳʶġ̰, ϺĬĬţϺȦҲô, , ܿʶҵġ
Ͳ֪һλˡ
̰ͻӢŵʱѾȥ¶Ժ²Ȼһؼˡ
ѧӢĵľͷر㣬ڹ¶Ժʱ, ˵ӢģƽѧʦĿΣһڲȥӢѾѧԽԽˡ
, ؼҵ·ͬûѧӢģһֱӢĸ˵, һֱſڲͣ¡
˼ſڣȥҿͲȥϴ
áӦˣֵҵʱڹˮ
ͷӦ£Ȼȥ˸ڵķš
̰ͻȻûϢ˵ˣܲĮġ
źܿͿˣŵǸҵĳ
⳵ʣ𣿡
Ҳûʲô顭̰𣿡ʡ
ڣ֮󣬻û
ԭ̰ڣֲûʣȥˣ
ҾͲ֪ˡҪҪ
̰ڣҲûʲôģܾˡ
ؼҵʱ²Ѿʼˮˣˮȣ²ˮȥϴ裬ȥϴ
ϴ˯ʱ򣬸̰ոջؼҡ
Ȼʹӳ֪ˡ
ʱ
ǵڶ죬ŵʱ򣬾Ϳ̰ӸڳˣЦЦ硣
֡żˡ
̰ϣ±ǡȾһ仰飬ȴϣ±Ǳæ˸
ǶѾŰãҪʼӡˢˣҲͲòŰ档
ϵ˸ӣר͸ŹŹŰ档
ôæʱǴԼֵģȻҲͿˡȾݣ֮˲ЩģС˵ӡûϵǻ᲻ᱻձ鷳
˵Ӣ磬Ӣڴ̣ûչעйϺߵձҲͶ
Ϻ߳۵ĴӹŪĽڻܶ඼ӢıձġԭҪƿӢϵѻƬ⣬ձ˲һ֡
ʲôΪǻǸҪյС¿ڿǻֵµĿ
Ϻ˭֪ϣ±Ѿˣ
ǲӢ磬лɽɲҪձˡ
СһҲǡ
ձ˾㲻ˣҲΪһС˵󶯸ɸꡣ
һڵϣ±ʼӡˢˣһڵϣ±ݷǳ֮ࡣ
濯ˡڰ֣غϣ⣬ֵġȾ
飬˵רˡڿôС˵֮Ҳǲ±ݡ
һڣǷӡ룬͵
ڰд֮󣬻ֹͣأҵ顶Ⱦţһڵϣ±һĺܺá
ϣ±ĵʱڽ¿ı༭ֽ
˵λȥ顣ֽиָϢҲиָĹ۵㣬͡ˡˡһѷڱֽϷ¡
ЩʢԵġ
ֽȻʼԼȲдС˵
˺ü죬⼸죬̰ϸż⣬ʱͼˣæҽԺ顣
ôæˣÿϻҪԼһˡ˵ʲôо
죬ƽѧһ εûãдȾͻȻ¥ݡ
¿༭㣬ʢԵİ칫Ҷڵڶ㣬ΪʢԳڱ༭Եʣʱ򣬶ռڶġ
򿪳뽫ϵĸֽŽȥ̿һдһķ塭ոʰãİ칫ҵžͱˡ
վţȻͿʢԺ֮ǰҹԼ֣˽
֣ϲؿ֣󣺡֣ôˣλʷˣ
¿༭ôġ֣ȡȡ
֣˵Цˡ֣³¿Ŀɲǲ
³¿ںǺպĿӰ˺ܶ꣬ܶǳ£һʼǷ³¿ϵġ
Զǡ֣
ΪȺͬʵ˵ˡ³¿ˡ
˵ʵ˼뽲ѧ¿ԱȲ³¿
˫ģ֪֣ҪԼ壬⻹ʢйء
ʢЩӣ½½д˼ƪ·ȥ֣ۣʢ˵дúãȫΪ޸ġ
Ѿƽѧְǲпдˣ֣Цʡ
룬ŵ֣ʵʵ˵ɣûдһԼдĲãҵС
ȷʵд³¿Ҫ£ڵСʱʱ򷢳ԼǿܻΣյġ
֣С֣֪ڵʲôˣʵҪǵģԻ
һ
ʱǻ˺ܶࡣ
Щ˴ǰãҲЩˣΪ˷ʲôġ
ҪдЩʱ˵£ĿԻʱñ֪ͺˣ֣󡭡֣ǿ϶ΪԼܵġ
Ҿддôóдɲ˷Լ츳ʢԵֻдǸ˼ǡд̫ˣ
ԼдĿɲֹ˼ǡСȾϧҪһӡ룬֣ҿдддˣȥ㡣
ãҵš֣ϲ
֣һ뿪֣뿪Ϳʼ濼𻻱³¿дµ
ôҲԭġ
Ǯе㲻ˡ
벻ͣ˼֮󣬸ʢǷǮ
˵ʢԲǮҲܰǮһֱǷţ˵ӵǮû壬оǡ̰ɻʱʱظͶҪ̰
ҪǮҪԴ
²ڿԴ¹
ʵдҲոѣڿ϶ǲȱǮģϧΪݣڰ󡷻СȾ飬ǲҪѵģ
³¿µҪܸߣҲҪǲС˵ҪƪϲƪɢʫʲôģҲΪĸѺܶ࣬ǧԪ
дһҵĶƪһξ׬ʮԪ
ֶĻʵȫһҲʮǮдƪü˹úܺˡ
ϧľǣʱ֪ҪдʲôѾҪúÿ³¿ˡ
ĥҪдµʱ򣬺ܶεϣ±ˡ
һڵϣ±ӡر࣬궼ˡ
ϰ忴ЩЦãϣ±ѾȶбըʽͻȻô飬õô


118 ͣ
ͷ, Щ飬ϲһ, һ, һղء
ϾҲܼҵף࣬һֵҫ顣
˵ܶɬ, 飬Ҳģһ㶼ǽʵϲݣٳ
˵²Ů, Ͱ²鳭
Ͼ²࣬󷽡
Ϊ, Ȼϣ±˺ܶ, ȴҲرߡ
ϣ±ͻȻӡô࣬ɱ
ϰͦģΪԼ귢Ͼǿȥ˵, Ϊϣ±˷ǿɾͿˣ
ȵȡϣ±ѾˡֲȱǮĸʲô
ϰôţһϣ±
꣬ϳʲôָ, ֹ֪±ļ۸񣬵, ϲ
Ǹͭˣ̫ŵĶϲһЩ˼Ĺ¡
ϲģ¥ҵˣ֮£ҵҪȤһ㡣
ϰ鷭Ŀ¼ǡڰ󡷵ˡ
ִ˵𳡾֮󣬾ͻص˹Ŵ
վڹŴסһ£Ȼ󣬱ִ
µһո٣һ۵飬ҽԺ֯ҽʿ
һ죬ڵӻǰţȫص˰ҲȫضʲôӵġƵڱͬʱҲһЩš
ЩţЩҲЩˣˡ
ѧ١
˾ڵļҵ
ĳسʱ䲻꣬˹ꡣ
ɴ

ѧȻȥ٣
磬·ϾȻͷôȫ
˹ôģŷɻˮ
ʱˣȻܵȥ

ǰ֮󣬲ϸӵұˡ
ͻȻȥ濴
˼һʱ䣬ȻҵտԼҽԼûо񲡣ѾԼļˣҪ뿪
ҽ˸ֲԣȷľ״̬ȶ֮󣬵Ҳûв뿪ֻ˵˵ĺ룬ϵ
˵һʼ͸Լһ˵Լûм˶һˣ¿֮꣬ǰŻ֢᷸
ô˵ҽȰ뿪㡣ʶҵ鷨ʱĴȻû˼ˣӦòҪ˰ͬҵڶԺ
ϣֻص˰ǰһԼһЩѣͬʱҲԼľд£Ҿ֮̾Ϊֹģںˡ
ڴһ£ִ
һ磬²ŷ˱͸һɫTһүǰɳ̲㣬ȻԼʱĳۣ뿪˾Ժ
֮ǰһֱô¶첲¶ȵ·̫Ŵүھ·
뿪ԺĴţЩãȻЩģģȴڴ
ȻʲôûУ¡
Ͼ¿Ҿ졣
߰ߣһ·˺ܶˣܶණ磬˷ġ
иָĵ̣Ǯǵ϶һֻʾֱûһɨǮ͸ȥˡ
ȻϵǮҲܻþԺҽǮʳ
磬иʮ괩õĿӣڽֱߵ٣ñӸ֡
ȥнţΪʲôȥҪ֡
Ǹؿң壬׷룡
׷룿ˡ
һڶòãôȥ˭ӶֵͯĩҲпճ˵ģ
ԭ˼ҵǳΪһˣƶĿʱ֡
ԭӸһߵ꣬ǲȥģͯ
Ŀɿڴ
ϰ忴ȴЦЦЦţֿˡ
иӣҲʮ꣬⺢ܾشԼ󣬻кܶ뷨ϲ͵ȥϷ
󡭡⺢ˡ
֪⺢Ǳ˭ɱġ
ԼĶӣҲһôͺˡ
ϰᣬ¿
ǸըļҳԣԹĸƽʳƷ
óԵĶȻʳƷ
磬;Ժȫһġ
Ǹӻؼȥˣȴڽι䣬ѧǸ꣬ôľߵıī·׬ǮȻʳƷԡ
첻֪ˣ·ϵ˲ܶŮŮǣڽֱй䡣
Ů˶ܿģЩͿ˿ںЩûͿţһ֪ǹúܺá
ĺӶܳ谮СıĸǣţʹģһȺȺֵġ
һҷǳǳ̵꣬ʲôĶУ߲ˮʳν׵ߣӹư赽·졭
ҹжƻͨҲһֱ᲻˯
ڶϣ̫ȽȽ
룬ǵδ
µûˣϰȴδͬʱҲɬɬġ
ǵδ
ңôͲд㣿
ϰ̲סﱧԹƫʱͻȻ½βȻһССĹ档
ڰⲿ飬ȻҪͣأ
дÿĵطȥأôûˣ
ϰƲѣⱾӿͻȻע⵽Ǹ£ȻҲдġ
ҡԭдˣ
ңдͲܾˣϰ߶һ䣬
һ
ƵڶʱͻȻϰѾڵˣŹǷ
ϰ壬ôôˡ
ϰҲˣѹûߣ
ϰΪʲôûߣƲ⡣
·Ⱦˡϰ
ȾˣƸˡ
ϰЩ߰Ĳ̫ˣһҪע㡭
ͷˮ
ϰȴִ˸Ƿ
ŴͣʶҪסԼ죬ͻȻ־Լֺ࣬˻ȥˮҪϴ֡
ƣϰզˣ
ϰûզˣǱȾŵˣŵͬʱʶһڵϣ±϶õȥϾ̫ÿˣ
ôţˣϰ壬Ҫϣ±
һ磬кܶ˿ϣ±ˡ
ڰ󡷾ôͣˣҶԽܣȴҲ⡣
ڰⲿ飬һõϣдĶѾдˣʱͣҲ
ϣңԱôá
һֱϣҿԿһʷʵҲʷҪȥд
ҿ̫ҲҪϣ

ڰͣ˺ۣܶ۵ģ׻ǡȾ
ⲿС˵дͬǰܶණдڰһⱾ飬ڰȫͬġ
⿴µˣһܺõĹ£ڿúµͬʱеҪݣҲкܶ˿˱
ϣ±Уܶඩ˵˿öţ߸ɴ¿߿߳ţ죬ȴø𲻴
һ²ţż̰Ȼȥ˽¿༭
֮óֽʣʼд˼ǡ
дŵңʢһıֽ־ˡ
ʢԶ˺ܶ౨ֽ־Ҳˣ͵ƽѧģÿϰǰȥһˣ˶ıֽ־õ¿༭ڼǰҵ˽ˣƽѧְˡ
һڵϣ±ˣ㿴ûУʢʵ
ûСҶϣ±š༭ʱ磬ܶ౨ֽ־ûǲȥõģʢһù
㡣ʢóһݸֵǿ쿴ϣ±˵ǳÿ飬ҵ£
£Щȡ
ǰʢԵ̫ˣһ˳һ־˵һдһ־
ȷʵЦǺ˿Լġ
ϣ±
ϣ±忴˿ȻͲò̫̾ˡ
ոոȥĸӣپȻֱӾ˿ˣĺ
Ҫ֪յĹԱ˷ǳ֮ࡣ
ŷΪʲôԸⲻҪǮѧΪʲôԸɴʿйѧУ
Ϊ׽ǵ֪ʶӣйıȡ
ǰЩ꣬ڵ֪ʶӻ϶ȥձѧģЩ棬Ȼɱһ֣׽ձġ
Ȼˣ˶׽ձձΣյһֱУڴʱѾһλδĴԤԣ˵ʮڣձһսˡ
ǡȾǻձģǻ¡
ĹҵİգһԸߣȡʤ
ʱ򣬻ٻǿӢۡ
ôţؽԼдС˵һ顣
ȥͦ˼ģǷһ䲻ͨ˳ĵطѾܸˡ
д̫ˣʢͻȻ͵һӣڰд̫ˣ
㱻ŵ
Ĺ½СȾôдձʢԲ䣬Ȼȥ
֮һӣд̫ˣ
ҺʢӲ
㿴ûУôʢϣ±
ҿˣдúܺãܸ˺ܶһЩҽ֪ʶ֪ʶʵǿѧϰһ¡ЦſԼ
ϾҪǲ伸䣬ʢԻңᡭ


119 
ҵҲ֪ô, Ȼô½ĶʢԵ
С˵Ǻÿ̫, ҵС˵Ͳһˡ
ʢַ˷Ⱦ鿴Һ, ƫƫر뿴ŲϧҪһ²ܿġ
ǰӦһͷæ
ʢԿֿʼæ, Ҳסûã뿪¿༭ܳȥˡ
ͲڣóȾд
, Ҿ˽¿༭
ʢԶƽѧְ¿Ա֮, Ҿ͸Ϊ¿༭ˡ
Ȼ, ֮һЩȥƽѧƽѧʦԡ
ϣϻȥ¶ԺǱ߳, κͤҲƽѧԷˡںæѾƽѧסˡ
ȫΪ¿ÿ¶ֺ, ͷԣԵʡ
ķˣǽȻͬġ
, һν⼸ϣϾݣǼҳ⼸ϡ
Ҳͬ
Ҧҵǿ԰ģָĽϻн֮࣬Ҳرóýˣ⽴Ͼ׼߰֡
˵ӣȻҪһ״󽴽ȥӣζֺóԡ
ԹĲˣȥòˣûζ
¥µķã¥༭һԷ
ʢԵǸܣʢһסԵġ
ҲȱǮ
ãԶı༭෴Եر졣
༭ѧҵģִѧʱȴѾܲˣǻйصĹ飬͸ѵá
ȻˣһǰӦƸѡǣҪΪǶͦͯĵģϲ¿ϵ¡
ãֻϲһƷܴһͶѡõ
Թ¥´һСʱ
¿ĸе࣬ѾʼĥҪҪ¿ɰ¿ٰһݿˡ
Ȼ²ҪҲҪ°ꡣ
¿ı༭ͦƽģطͲһˡ
ǰոҹԼ֣ȥμһѾٰĻᡣ
֣ѣ峯ҳģ˼뿪ţ׵ʿ
зǳԣʱĻᣬƶѧӣ֣ǰ־ҲͶʡ
Ļվоٰ졣
˭Ҳ˭ģÿвͬ뷨ʱʱͻɿ
죬͸ˣ⣬Ⱦйء
ڰⱾ飬ϲ˷ǳ࣬쿪ĻᣬǾóˣţҾ𡶴Ⱦ
Ļмһֱȥǩġʮһ֮ʹ죬ͬʱҲձһЩõۣ⿪ͷձ˽ǹҵΪγɡǲҪеձˣǾϲԼ𡣡
дûϸʵ顭ҪģЩ˾ɥĲˣ
ǣЩʲô
ȥ߶VVԭҰĲò

ЩԽ˵Խŭ⼸յˡ
ſڴƻƣǲ̫ˣ
дҲˣǾȻƫƫţ
ǲ֪ν
ҿңȻ߹д֪ʲô˼

˫ôԽԽҲ֪˭ȶ֣м˻
֣ûмȥʵϣͦӵġ
ձѧһꡣ
ձĴѧܹʶ׽ձȻ֪ձͼı죬ڱӢ֮ԣձõġ
һķɫɫձ˺֮ǰɹ֮࣬ʲô
յˣ϶뷨
ȷ
֣Щãˡ
ɲ֪ݵģվɱ֣ʵǸɣ֪ԼС˵ǰձն֣ǰ˺
Ļڲݣ𵩴ѧЩѧȴһ¾áȾ鲻ġ
𵩴ѧһ̻ѧУλӢ磬ܶʦӢġЩѧձûкøУ
ٲҪձһ
Ȼʵڵй˵ӢձʵǲǻǶй⡣
ǰձԵ¹ս֮󣬾͹ռԭ¾ռൺƽ·ŲˣУӢ֧֡
Щңûһõġ
̰ͻӢ뷨Ǹһ¡
ڸ̰Ľ£ӢʼЩ˼Լ£ǹЩͲڶĹˡһֱãҪǣҪ˼棬Ҫıǵ˼룬̰úе
ƽѧѧЩֺ⣬ڻЩϢʱ򣬸ǽһЩ飬һЩ飬Ȼҵĸ֮ǰܶûˣûйҵĸġ
һ㶼ں˭ڹܡ˭ǷԣǾԸ˭ģǰĶһ
ڹһʱ䣬ȴʼ֪ԼĹˡ
칤Ĺ¸Ⱦʱһʼֻо˺£ԺҲ͵ϴ費ϴ·ˣȻҪϸ֣˶ҪȾ
ǣĹ¸ǽձй֮䷢飬ȴ̷ŭ
磬ձ̫ɶˣ̴½飬߷߲ƽض
صͷձȷʵ̫ɶˣԺһҪ񡶴ȾдһǸϳȥ
϶ģȻ˵Ҫǵϰʵ飡̴󺣵
ţǲҪձ˸ߣҪǵĹҷչãǵĹұøڰдһã
رϲڰⱾ飬˵ӣ̫ˣ
ţĵ˼Ǯؼҵ顣
磬ҪҵǮȫĻȥأ̴ʡǳѾжʱˣѾǷнˮ죬µĸǣǿ˻ȥһˣ׬Ǯȥ
Ҳǡĸ׺͵ãڼҵǮأ
ȻˣİģǻӢĹй¶Ժ
Щ¶ϣһЩõģϣһЩףˣ˼棬ӡ
ûиЩӶȾֻǶˡڰ󡷣ָǽǿô۸ǹҵġ
ڡȾ顭ǲҪŻСˡ


120 仯
ǰ˲ڼ, Щ鱻²½½ᵽ˹¶Ժ
һߴʱ䳤, 鶼߿, ߣԸ¶Ժĺӿ
ȻˣЩӻ, ҪҺŮнˣǿܿһЩġ
ЩϲģСѧαͽ¿, 飬ǻܿ
ҲΪǿ, ¶Ժĺʱ, Щ˶չ
ڰ󡷣¶Ժĺú棬Ҳú棬ǼӢ, ά¶ԺΰĴҲǹţ
, һֻʮ߰ʿһ, ô
Ӧòˡ
ǲûеˣʡ
Ȼᣬﲻд𣿵֮ʿҪȥ֣Ҫȥˡ
ǹʿ̾Щð
ûʿ뵽һս̾һʣʶ𣿡
ʶʿ
Ժ¶ԺĺѧֵʱҲѧ
ѧʲôʿ⡣
ѧ֣Ժܵ
ʱȥ֮ȫ޹ϵЩΪпڷԣһЩֱӾǱ׳ˡ
Щ˿ܽAı̴ˣͶ߱²ͳBıˣٴ䣬ֳCı
ȻˣܻŵģѾ˵ˣ˶һս
ҵܿٵطչ׳ԭ֮һҵ԰պã͵ЩʿйУһЩ׳ʿսڻҡ
ܵǸʿ˼ץץԼĺס
ЩԭܻڴϵĺӶܶˣΪʲôܵЦʡ
Ǽʿ
Щ⶯ʱֵһҪǰæǵӦҲ˺ܾ˰ɣԺпգܸܲЩӽ飿
ЩظӦˡ
˵ܸŻӢߣǶ±˵ҲˣǸȿʼ˵ʿʮʱͱ׳
ѾǵԼˡ
ϣͻȻһʼС꣬ȴԽԽ
ˮ£ݶϷžžડлһƬִ¡¡
¶Ժ½ɵģõƬҲãһ㶼©꣬Щȡ
ǰʱҶǶ㵽ȥģð
ʱסһ
ǰ֮꣬ҾҲԵˡ
һعηεر꣬ûԶ

¶ԺĺӴ꣬ܶ˵϶¶
Ҫǻ棬û
ȴе㷢
µôǶûؼˡ
ǽסһϣ飬жĴ̱ģȫסһϡ
δסЩɣ룬ͬˡ
ֻǣͬĻûڣһ㻹𣿡
µĺܴЩУͦϤġӦ֣
뵽ʲôһɡſ֮Ҵ¶Ժſڡ
¶ԺĴľʵģŲ˨ţͿ̰վſڡ
һ˳һɡ°ڶʪˣҲˮա
ҽôˣüͷ΢塣
ЩĴ̰꣬صعʲô
ڸ˳·ûС̰죬ԭѾˣû뵽Ĵصعˣ·ߡ
֪·߻
ͻȻ˸̰ںڵ˫ۡ
ǹͻȻûˡ
ҽһ£Ҹһȥ
á̰䣬¡¡
Щεؿ˸̰һۣɡص¶ԺǱߣ²ԼҪؼȥ²ס¡
磬ô꣬㻹ȥʲô²ü
һҪʢһȥԷؼҴһԼȽϺáԼĶȥ
²ƲƲ죬еԹʢԣȴüſڡ
ԼĶҪߣйء
Ҳ֪˭ԼĶʲô£
Ȼˣܶһˣò졣
Ůȥϴˡ
ɡȴǺ͸̰һڻؼҵ·ϡ
һʼЩ̰컹ȴе㶯ݡ
̰˵ǡһƬˡ
û˵̰Ҳûڡ
˵μˡ
ٺúõҪһߣҲֻһߡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܰ¡
ôţһСľͲȽһˮӡ
ʪЬӴźܲҲͦ첻ǣ
ֿ֡
ûÿࡣ꾰ͦġ
ôţҲһŲȽһˮӡ
һʼ·ͦСĵģڽϵЬʪ͸ɴƹˤˡ
СʱһֱĽĺˮȥˮӣԼҲܲˡ
̰ǲеСˣ
һΣҽ죬Ҳȥϣÿˡ
á̰֮⣬ЦȻСҲܳˡ
˵˼ңڼſڸ
̰صУĳ̾˽ֵ٣ˮһֱš
̰˵ͷ͸뵽ԼȥͣҪðãͷˡ
Ÿ·ȥϴˡ
ȣʪҲǿ϶ġ
һߣͱȽϱˣҪԼˮ
ȻˣؼҲкôģ׻Ǽ
ϴ裬ϸɾ·¥˯
ڶԺﻹʪģѾˣ߻̫
һԼͳš
ȷʵʢԼ˳ԷԼ磬磬ȥһҵӡݡ
ѧҽСӢĶġ飬ҵӡݽּӡһЩмٿİ˰á
ȥҵӡݵ·ϳͣȥ˸֮ȥꡣ
ѡʮ飬Ǯ֮һʣµ͵¿༭ȥ
飬ȥʢԶķꡣ
ٷʢģƽѧһʦ
ʱ򣬱˶ûȽ˰ῴ飬һκͤʦ˾ͽˣţʢҲҴҸ˼·鵢ˣ
ΣǰƽѧʦȫˣҲʶһǸʢԵĹʦ
ԹʢԵĽ£һطԲ졣
¥Ǹĵĵط
ȥ֮ĻÿͭԪǮ֮ԴӾջ̲ѡһֲȣһӡ
Ȼڲ¥ã˵ˡ
Ȼˣȥ֮󣬲ֻˮʢһЩĹϹҪ˼±ζҿһ߳һġ
˺ܶ࣬Ⱦ϶Ҫĵģţٲĵľϡ
κͤ֪˺ܶû취ӱֽ֪顣
ǲƽѧѧ𣿡ţʦָż˲¥ѧ
ȥҲЩѧЩѧİǵκͤȥӢĹЩѧؿŲ¥ľ
ʢһ֣ͰЩѧ˹
ô¥ˣʢʡ
ЩѧѾڳʦʹˣнˮԼһȲ顣
ԭڻӢǱ߽𣿡ʢʡ
Щѧ׷˵ۡ
ǣȴԼһֱŵ
ԭʷǸˡʲôû¶ʲôǾпնעһ£⣬ӻǱ֪ӢĹùصĹ֮ȥǱ߿
Ҫ󣬶ǼѧһʦǱߵĹ²ֹһ㣬ȥһܻӭ
һѧĹˣǲøɻģǴȥǲΣʦԸһȥ
֮ãӦ
Ӳ¥뿪͸Ⱥѧһȥ˻ٵĹͬȥĻκͤʢԡ
ʢԹȥΪ˴֣κͤпգʹȥһġ˵ڹǱߡ
һ糵ٵĹע⵽⹤ִ࣬ķҲˣ⣬ˣſڵʿҲˡ
վ˵ǼǲŽȥȻ̾йµˡ
ˣϻؼǸЦеشкЩ˼
֪뿴ЩһֱڶĹˣ̾ʹȥЩסĵط
ϴʱֻеһĹˣֶ˺ܶ࣬Щ˶ϴ··ʲôġ
ǣЩһЦʺãһڵϲá
ĳЩĺܺá
Ŀһɨ̾ע⵽ȺпƺȺ
ﱾͳͦߣһ¸Ǵ˴ܸͷټƤףʺãΧ˻Ϊףķǳۡ
ע⵽Ҳˡ
һֱܸмʶʱ̹к˵λдѧ
֮ǰЩʺãǳƽѧЩѧģȴʼʺãһǳ羴ӡ
ڣҲֻǾнʺãġ
ҲǴкȻͿô
˵ż˺ܶ飬鶼ˡ
֪֣˵ԽԽࡣ
Ĺ֮Ҳͦпġ
ֻ١ǻ٣Ǹ˲ţ
ôЩͲҲˣǶ飬ϴԡʷĺˣĿ꾹Ȼǵƹġ
ΪȾرձ
Щ黹ͦõġ
֪ˣصعĻ٣Ͳˡ
վһ˭


121 
Ӣǳæ, ˣǹԼܵܵ, Ȼ֪̰ѾѾ
ڿһʮ߰ĵĸ, Ҳе㲻ˣ˿϶ûϵġ
, þòӢЦŸк
ȵԵʣӢûдװǴһͦĳۣ˫ֶ
һ֣Щ˵Ŀ, Ͷˡ
Щ˶ǳݣԻӢǶѻӢˡ
Ͼһ, ǻӢǵ, ٣ǿǾȿѵĹ
٣þòҲЦŴк
ӢкȥκͤʢԴк, кעֻصϣһֱڿдġ˼ǡҲĽ¿, ǳÿн, һƼҵĸס
öϲҵҡԵͬʱҲɱЩȡپȻС˵Ƽ˻˧
̫ǫˡӢֺ˼䣬Ȼǹʶ
Ӣƽ׽˵ˣȻסڹߣûסĵطҲûЩĹһֱǸ߸ϵġ
ﻹǵһôؿһʱǳ嶼΢΢
Ҳ죬ǵڶμѧʲеϧˣ٣¿༭ȱˣȥ﹤
ڱͦõģܰ˴߹۲һʱ䣬Ҳܳ׷ˡ
ҾΪȱֲŻǮǵģ㻹ǲҪˡӢЦ
Ӣô˵ˣȻټ֣ϾҲͦõġ
Ӣ״ֵλҪҪҵĹ
ҵȻҪġ
Ĺ˴û
Ӣԣһ´·Ȼһȥ
ӢĹкܶңмѾˡ
ҽĵһҹһѥĹ
ģֺɫѥ󲿷ֵطţмһӣϷһ˫Ͳѥ
ӰƷʱѥʵҲ֮ĴѥԼǴδ
ȻˣǺҪһ˫ġЬ·ʵڲô
ʱӢߵһ˫ѥԺ˵Ьģȫ©ˮȫֻ
˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳʶִ۸˵ѥʱ򣬻ݳƷ
ιѥȥŦ۳
һ̨İǣڲǴӰгһſָ״СԲƬԲƬĸ׶һŦ۾ˡ
˺ų̈ʽ֮ÿǧöŦۡǹһԺ˵
Ŧ۵İǣĺӰİǣŦǰɫģһſŲ󣬵ÿڳϡ
ִŦۻģһǮһѣʱŦۣǲˣǧöӦҲ׬ˣ
Ŧ۳ȥһЩĹоͰ֯۳
ЩִһЩͥСĴ
ʱȴѾǷǳĹˣ׬ܶܶǮ
ͦпģЩû̫Ȥ̾ѷĵϲЩټ򵥲Ļ
ֻ뿴ùصĹϧǣǹٿ϶ǿ
ҡ⹤ӦҲûϡùػ
Щɫģ֮ǰ࿴˵ӢҲܿҪˣµľͰҲˡ
һι۳κͤھ̾۵ϸʱɴ͸ļ˵
ذԼ˵ˣ˵ԼнˮͻӻȥǺˡ
Ǻ˵ĻӢüͷ΢塣
ȷûʲôϵҲ֣ܹע
£˼䡣
˲ι뿪ӢͰ
ﱻӢǰʱ򣬻Ӣһٱϳ̣³һȦ
öʵ̶ĸ˲һͬʱҲЩ̿˷ܣǲҪ
ʹ£µ˵֣Ҳڿ졭ȷʵίˡӢ
ί
ˣ˵αǫ黰Ժ͸°ɣӢ
ﲢ֪˭ЩãȻӢѾӻ֣뿪ˡ
Ӣ˵ţǻӢֵһרŸֶĹ£ڻӢϺ߿ҪĶܶ࣬ǱҲͷǳȱˡ
ӢﲻѧʲԻӢĹҪúࡣ
ֻҪϵرܵģԺһ겻Ϻһ¡Źµʾ֮ǰȰѼ˰źá
һԪǮָĸȻĹѲҪ¯ǮͶ½죬Ǯĸ˻ȥһ·ĳԷסȫţʱٸ¯صصز
ҪԼأＤӦһ˻ؼȥˡ
Ǳߵ飬֪
ЩΡʢ̫ܻǮˣ
ʢԸոƽѧʦԷû¿ջһǮʢ˵Ӧ磬ϺߵСѧУ־༭Լ֮һԸף¿óɹ
ʱƵľϯһĸԪһ̾ƣô϶Ҫʮʮ
һǮҪȥˡ
¿ÿȻ׬Ǯ٣ȥ͸ԱнˮаʱҾߵǮټϸƽѧǮϯǮʣʲô
ľϯȴҲǲܲġ
ȻʣĽʶ
һٲȱǮʢһǧǶʱﻹϡ
˿Լǰ³¿Լĵףд׬Ǯ
ףʱֻ֣֪֣Ӧò߱ˡ
дʲôףдʲôдʲôܸ˴̣ˡ
ڱֽңر
ôţֱֽдˡ١֡
ʵ˼ʲôģǲ̫дģٿִͷѧ飬ΪСѧԵʣ֮Ŀθǲ
ƪС˵ɢ֮࣬ǻдģдľǸзζĶƪС˵
ϱӿܶసʱһӹ֮󣬱д
дģǸ緢ˣһҪù٣ȴɣͬ۵Ĺ¡
ʱĹٳҪùҲɡ
ˣָҶƬ̵ģ


122 ±
١Ŀͷ, һҳΪһĸ١
ĸ˵һҪգһת, ȴʢȴ˱ĹŻ
ĸ˵һҪù, һתۣȴֿ٣ҵֶ˸ù
Ľ˵һҪ, һתۣȴԼɷͼһء
⣬ڹϣҲ, Լ˾Ǹͷβ̰١
, ˾˵, Һˣ˵ԼҲ뵱ù١
Լһдд࣬дƪС˵, £ƻᳬ֡
Ҳ޷
ƪС˵칦ȥддֽ֮ɾ, صдĲô׻, һЩִĴзζġԾ䡱˵Ƕ򣺡˾£ܵ˾أ˾һ˼£˾Լˡ
ƪд꣬޸ĺõʱʢҪľ磬㿪ʼˡ
ϣǰһҾ¥ھ¥硣
ͨϯЩѼ֮ĳˣһԪϡɫӽȥԪȻûʲôҪҾֻЩټСˣ㹤͹ĿѼըź֮ࡣõ˻ƾƣо¥Ƶ׾ƣһϯԪңÿ˱˰ÿһ̣һʮԪȥʱʢԸˡ
ôǮСˡЩǱҪģҲ⡣
ģ˹Ҫʶ⣬Եѡ
ʢѺܶ࣬ȴ࣬˳ϰ帵̰֣άºҢˣҲʹһѡٻ³ı༭Ǻ༭һġ
ǳ֣ʢһȥƣʶ˲ˣͬʱ¥飬֪Ҳˡ
¥ôᣬܶ˷̾ͬʱҲ
ҲϣͻȻ֪֣άºֵ֣ܣ⣬ڳĺܶմ״ʣͬѧ֮ࡣ
ʱĻģһҶʶġ
һٷüѧУʾҪ¿ԸʮԪһļǮڽ¿Ͽǹ棬Ҳ֮ϲˡ
֪ԼΣӦò̫ã֮ʱصػ˶ˮľƣý¿༭һ༭Լߣ˸ˮٵ̳ӸԼҲŪ˹ȥ
һʽϺ罻Ȧˡ
һʱ˽ʣҪ˵˵ͥģѧǣصû˵˵Ҳûʡ˵ûмͥӷ֣Ҳ˿ء
οû˾ļҾ᲻á
ǼҾãܳѧб°־
ûϤɾãӦȥѧġ
󣬾˶ؼȥˣʢԴȥ𴦼棬ҪҪһȥԥؾܾˡ
١ȻдˣȾûдãҲͦæġ
̰£첢ûкһؼңѸˣȥ·ϣɴȥ˻ټš
ѡȾĸָ֮ͨţѾڶ ֵġȾ˳ȥ 
ÿĳȥٶһʱţǻϼٻţҲд
ҪʱǴ׵ġ
ΣֱӳƺΪʦˣ˼⣬ѻĻشˣľͲˣֻͬ
Ѿдˣûʱ䣬ڶͰż˳ȥͬʱҲȥһ³¿ı༭֣
³¿Ǽʿϰģǵĺܶ¶ܵȨ߻ӭͬʱǳҲɣ¸Ӷ࣬ͺһ㣬¸¸٣ͱһ㣬Ͷĺر࣬Ū
ȥʱ֣дӡ
֪Ͷģ֣ϲ֣ĸӡ
ԼԼĶƪɢ֮дĲãҪΪʱһЩҵ£Щ˵Ķƪɢģһ㶼ԼܳԽ
ʱĴңֵúרȥо£Ϊ顣ԼûǸˮƽ
Ȼһ£ǾĺңܹҲû
˵֣ڵҲ֮һڻᣬд»ûдôá
⣬ڣĻ˶ûʼúõ£ûд
³¿Ͽǵ£ûлģ±ȲЩңϣԱʱھдºá
ִʱ򿴵ô£дôС˵Ҳǰ׿дġ
ģ˵㲻дƪⲻдĺܺ𣿡֣ϲ֣ٳĺڰдˣ
֣ྭʷʱڵĺģС˵Ѿǳˡ
֣ô˵ʵеˣҲȷʵҲд̵ģ뵽ĺܶ£Щʱڵʮʮдġ
Ȳ볭ϮҲģ£ܶණҲͲдˡ
ҿʱȫûá֣£ҾͿһڵ־ϣڸꡭƪ±Ƚϳ겻ܸ̫࣬ҸһٶʮԪΣ
ƪ´Լ֣һٶʮԪҲǧԪҲ㲻ˣƲ϶ߡ
³¿ߣЩµĸѻԪߣҪΪЩ±Ƚ϶̡
֣Ѻˬ죬ܿ˸б£
룬ʵһƪ¡
ƪ١ιһƪһǧҵ£֮ǰеԥ֪òó
ԴġȾǳвڱֽд£˵Ӧҵ߹ƻѺùϵ
ֱʾŭձԾϲ⡣
ȻˣҲ˰˵Щӣֽ˫¶ˡ
Щ£ǿ˵ģЩЦˣȻͿҲдһƪ
£γӣʾڵйڸʶԼǣ
ձС٣ԭǾûַҹģƫƫʮø֮ԽԽ׳ʵ
ǵȥձһս
¸֣֣ȴûнкã̶ǧֵ¿ãҲ`ǣԪΣ
Ӧ
֣Ǳ鸴ӵؿһۡû뵽ȻҲչϵġ
֣Ͷʱ򣬿ˡȾϣ±ѾڱȵسˣҲ˼ĵһЩС
Ϻյʵ࣬ȵأȴգֻߡձ
ѧ֮һ
ңǺ˵˵ſڴƻƣʵɶ񣡡ѧе㵣ձ֪ˣ鷳
ѧ˻ͦġ
ȻˣҲкܶڿˡȾ֮ձ
ϵһʦѧһλѧڸ˵д˼֮˼֮˳ҹУ
лҪ˵
һ꣬ںϵһʦѧѧë˵ôд
жҡ֮˵Ȼۺִ߲ס
˼֮˼֮˳ҹУ
ݺ򣬶ԴǧΪ֮ūȥ߶VVԭɽʧ֮·Ϊȥӡ
20ڣһսͼ棡̳δעⶫ١٭¿ԱֻĥԴձ
ԤԳˣʮĴˣ
ˣʱ׻Ļ̫Удһֵģд


123 ֽ
³¿дС˵õı
̫, ˸簲ġΪ˶Ŀ, صǰ˸ա
ôһ, ˣҪңӦûȥҡ, ֪ǱӦҲȥģȫܶࡣ
һЩ֮ǰдĶܷдˡ
֣ҪԼı֪, ֣Ӧˣʾˡ
֣Ǻε, ˸Ѿ뿪, ȥ˹¶Ժ
¶ԺѾһƵĹƶȣͬʱĹ¶Ҳӵһٸû, Ӧûӡ
࣬ΪЩӶɵԵʣҲùҪ̫๦
ԼǻбҪæ, ڹ¶ԺʱԽԽ٣ѧϰ, ʣµʱȫ˹¶Ժ
⣬¶Ժ˼ŮЩŮΪżҸϳģҲб˹Ϻģ֮ǱȽġڹ¶ԺǶǳмɻҲľ
ѾûʲôҪĵˣ˿ȥ˽¿༭
࣬ʢԲŴŹǷ˱༭һЦһȥ棬̫ϧˣǳ˲ټʶ
ȥʲôʵǺϲʢģʢ֪ܶ飬дС˵ʱϡ
˵д١дЩԭļ䣬һЩǴʢˡ
ʢģҼ˻ͳ
ͳûӦСңִ˽йΪʱûôеġ
ʢԿãȻ¶ζЦݣȻռһ¡
֪νġͳָϺƯŮˡ
ĩϺߵļԺͿʼѡ״Ԫ֮ۡ̽࣬ʱʼͳˡ
һлͳڶлͳлÿ궼ѡһΡ
ҪҪһȥʶһ£ʢʣǻͳʵƯҸϲǸˣǸ˵ʱ򣬻ص¥ˡ
ЩһȤûУҲʶԣĵطҲȥΪá
ܹҪȥʶһµġʢԲΪȻ
üͷ΢壬Ȱ˼䡣
Դӽ¿׬ǮʢԾеƮƮȻˣǮҲԽԽ࣬ⲻʲô¡
ʢԱᣬϲܣһСı˴ᣬһӾͻˡ
ӣĹĸҸһôᣬܹʲôҪȥȥԵġʢԵ
ʢȻûѹ¥£Ҳ֪ʱ˶˵ģֻܲȰˡ
ͬʱҲ⣬²һʱһҪŵ㣬ˡ
Ȼˣڲе硭ҪĵģӦ²ԡ
ʱСѧκ˶ȥ㿼Ҳһȥģڴʱ㿼ԲãͲ϶
ͬʱɼãҲס
²;꼶ҵ󣬴꼶ֱӶ꼶
죬һһˣ֮ԡ
ڹһֻˮ棬һֻͼɰټˮȥӵ̲ζõĺܡ
ǳԹ緹߳ţվɿ˸̰
λڽ¿༭ԱߵҽԺѾɣǽˢʯңڣ̰ҪÿˡҽԺҪˣڽиֲá
ʱдվڴ͸͸ܿԶҽԺ¥ָ˲ͣؽЩкЩϤġ
͸̰һҽ֣ά¡Ңи̰ʲôģԺ󶼻븵̰ҽԺ
ȻˣкܶʶģһЩҽԺ˺ܶණ
ҪͲȥѧУ̰
̰æǰ¸̰ţɴͲ²ѧУˣǺ͸ֱ̰ȥҽԺǱߡ
²ҪԣʹŹȥ
Ҳһ𡣡̰ҽԺҪˣ㡣
ҽԺһϲ̰ͨʲô
Ȼ̰һЩȽϳǰģҽҽһҽԺгҩ֮⣬Ҳȫġ
̰ҵ̫ˡ
Щεؿ˸̰һۣЦŴӦˡ
һ·ϣ̰ûʹҽԺ飬ֻģżȥܿרעؿԼ
´һ߻ؼңصظ߸̰Լڶ֮󣬸̰͸ˡ
æ̰Ҳʱʱ͵ԵģԼҪιˡ
Ѿ֪˸̰⡣һ㣬̰ӦѾµˡ
ϾֵͦԵġ
ˣ˭ûǲ㴰ֽ
ã̰ӦǲұסǰС˵̰Ǿò׺ôܵѣһ׺ܿѶûͲˡ
ϾԱ𲻶ԡ

ԼڵΪеڵűˣͦġ
֮⣬벻Ĵ
Զ̰͸̰һ𡭡Ҳûá
ǰδ̸ҲԼãȻҪȢӣɰĺӣҪ͸̰һЩͶûˡ
֮⣬Ӧûٺܶ⣬˵ģ϶ͽܲһ㡣
ͬʱǵѣᣬӦҲѽһ㡣
ȻˣҪǣȷԼǲǰ̰
Ը̰϶кøеģǲǰ飬ȴ˵
ôţֿ̰
ʱ˴ǲԼòģ̰ǰԼʰĺܸɾرΡ
ЦЦ
һξá̰еɰ
ͬʱⲻ뵽һ⡪ðһһĹϵ̰᲻᲻õģ
Ҫһˣ̰ȢӡǺǣ
̰֪ʲôܲµӦúܾᡣ
ᡣ
ͬʱҲһס
˼죬һ·ţڣ²ѧУˡ
²ȥ֮˹¶Ժȥ˽¿༭
һڵĽ¿ҪУͦæġ
磬̰վɹˣһ
ľһ
ǱҵģȣӦûϲ̰ѱǸɾģܳԡ
̰ʹҴˡ
һģŽ˲ŲʻȣҲͦˡ
Ȼˣȵʱٲṵ̂


124 ʢԳ
, ²ԵĳɼͳˣĲ, ô, ѧڣȥ꼶
Ժͱ, ʵʵѧȥпУȥѧġ
ʱĶ˴Ŷգܶ黭ͨ²Ҳȥѧʲô
²Ӧ
ʵҲüãǿͨԵ, һҪúòһ꼶Ŀγ̲С
²ǽѧԵʱ, ƽѧҲһѧҵˡ
ʱѧûги֮, һѧ꣬ѧԵõѧҵ֤飬ȻҪѧǾҪѧԼȥĴѧˡ
ڸѧ, Լ⣬Լ֯ԡЩѧ뿼ĸѧԼȥǸѧμӿԣ꿼껹ܼ, ǳɡ
ȻˣĻҲ, ȨƵĻ㿼ԿһͿܶõĴѧ
ʵѧݣԭûãҲܶԤưģϲԭͲԸΪԭ˼
Ȼˣ㲻ʲôԭȥѧԭСѧеˣԼĶӡ
ƽѧѧõѧҵ֤֮Ͳˣʼҹ֮УкЩˡ
ֿ˼ҼͥСرȱˡ
Ϊ˲Լ̹ѧԵʣصȥһλٵĹȻͷر֣кܶԸص˻ϵĳƱҪû
Ϊڴ̵ԵʣڻԽԽ٣ĲƷҲ͸Ρ
ҲȥٵĹ֪ٳ˴ӹ⹺ֲƷ⣬ֻƽѧıҵЩѧѧĺõģȫȥоȥˡ
ٺͻ٣ĺǰհԡ
λԼͨŵĻٵӡˡ
ȻˣӡٺãҲλ١
ٵĹٲֹעһѾڹˣĸ״ŵãڹ
ӹµ֪ϸ
ٺܿԼֵµһǹµΪ˿ı£˻¯ذ﹤Ǯ
¯Ҫ𳵣·ϳԷ˯кܶҪţ¯Ĺȥ£һĨʲôɣܸȥﲻͬ
ﵨϸˣ˻ص¯ء
ջȥ͵֪ԼǮȻԼĴһˣĸ׺͵ãѶһϢͿԲݸƤš
סԭĵطˣס
Һȥˡ
ȥǱˣ˲һܰӻȥǮĸϣǮĸףĸҲһܰǮס
ȥˣĸ
ֱӾͰԼĸ׻еôϺȻڹ߸˹һֱȱˣĸ׿԰ҲܰŸЩ˳߶顣
⺢Ǹбµģҿ϶ܰԼӹáǹµĵ
ͬصͷͦġ
һӣԺҪһֱٸɻˣ϶ٳΪǸŷɥˡ
βûм٣ӹǱ߻һڵĽ¿Ҳˡ
¿ܻӭҪæҲͺܶ࣬ż죬ûдæͣʱʢԾȻÿŹ뿪
¿տʱΪû·ֺæ鶼ʢȥܵģʱʢĺۡڽ¿Ѿ죬࣬ٲˣʱæһ㣬ʢԶУҲӦõġ
ûƽԼĶһ㣬ֻǶʢеɸ֡
ʢ˵ĺ˵ֻȥԺʶһ£ʵϡλúܺÿĻסˡ
ʢԼҽ̺ϣʱûʱϹ棬ҵԺһƽѧⷢȵʦһ߻Ҫ쵱ʱһֱǮĽܱһֱûʲôǮģȥֳ棬ȥӰ˳ԳԷʲôû⣬Ժĵطȴ϶ȥ
ǮˣˣΪ¿ʢҵүкܶ˰ͽ
֮ǰƽѧʦʱ򻹺ã˾ȥ棬ҲһпȥְͲһˡ
һʼȥԺֻƸ֣ȥ˼ΣŮһУһͷ˽ȥ
ǰûʲô¶ϱûеʢԣᱻסˡ
£ҲûȰ˼ΣͲԸٸ˵ˡ
ҲЩΡ
һζȥȰʢԣֻʢᷳȰɣʢԼ
Ϻ¥ŮӣǱ˴ӸعĿŮˣڣЩ
Ǵ಻ԸģԭʷϣڽΪŮһЩǰ½ȵسΪɩİ£Ҳ¿ʼˡ
ͬЩŮӵġҲһ㣬ǾЩŮ˶һ˼Ҳọ̀ǳ˱ȲϵģҲܳȾʢĴү˼ȫб½Ū
ȻˣҲʢԸģԸҲûˡ
ȻģϾûȥܣҲͰ·ˡ
ôû뵽ʢԾȻܰԼӳ
¿ǻææһӣҲ
ϣվһ˽¿༭дȾĽβ¥µһ༭ͻȻҴ¥ʢĸˣ
ʢôˣ±պö
ҲǱ༭źͦżġ
Լæ¥Ƽһʮ̬꣬ڱ༭Ļ
İ֮ǰʢһھ¥ʱˣʢԵĸס
ãҳԵģûҲߵ࣬ʢԶҪŻ
ҲҳԵģġʢһæ
Щȣʢֵһȥһȥҳԡ
ʢıأһӦ
ⱸʢȥͷ֮ģ֪˶ٱ
ûעֻʣʲô£
ʢɫѿǳԵĺѣҲͲˡԳѻƬ̡
һ㶡
ʢֵҹޣ˯¥ҾȥѻƬ̣⣬Ҳ̫Ծ
ʢרȥˣŵ֪ЩԺΪ˿ԺͷƣǳѻƬʲôģһЩŮΪ׬ǮʲôԸˡ
ƽ֣ٲþҪ̡
ʱϺԶʱΪҪ࣬ʱĺ֪ܶǳ̵ģǻô⡣
ʢԵԸȥһҲ֡
һĶʱ
ʱѾͣһ¥ſڡ


125 
ʢбġ
¥ſ, иʢ͵˵ţʢ, ŵ˵˼, ŵ˾ʹţʢȥˣһ, иӴ
ǸԵʣûױ⴩һĴûʲô
ɳڵƤ۴ϡٵͷ, رû
֮󣬾ͳʢǵʢֺõЦү, ʢү, ʢү¥ϵ÷󡣡
үϤĺܣǰ·Ǻܿν÷
ӵŹţ˨, Ϊǻţүһȥ
ţرοүôһȥ, Ȼͱ߿ˣʱһ

һ߿, ľҲչ¶ǰ
÷ǸңžһŴ󴲡ʢһŮڴϡ
ݣ˸ûģϾȵ졣
ž죬ʢ͵شӴײײ֮ˤ˴Ůӻ첻⣬˸ۡ
ɿƿߡ
ŮӳüȻֻһۣҲܿļáλʢԿֿĻҲʢΪʲôϲˡ
ֻⳡ棬ʵΡ
Ȼˣεľʢԡ
һɿﴩϡ
ߡʢ˵꣬ļʢҵ̾һӵϣʢץס¥ȥ
ߵĶֵͦ¥ʱע⵽кܶŮŮ֡
Ȼˣ˵ŮӶ١Щڴ˵޵Ҫ
ЩŮӵĴŴ磬һһ
ִʱ򣬶ҲǼʶһЩģͨƵ֮࣬컹ͷһμˡ
زûб۸ĸоһ㶼뿴ͬʱҲͦġ
ЩŮˣʵƷ졣
еľһʼ϶ǲԸƷģƫǳΪƷ
ʢԱʢλǣҲȥ
ʢⱲӶûôԴǺһ־ŭ㵽ʲô㣬㡭Ұ㵱ѣ
ʢԵŭ⣬˵ʲôζ
¸޹أҰģ֤ʢʢԣ˵
ʲô֤ʢһ㶡
Ҫʢҷֳȥʢ
ʢԱסˣ˵ʲô
˵ʲôʢʢԣ˵ʵǲǳˡ
ʢԵı齩סˡ
ʢһΪֻǱŮ˻꣬û뵽㾹Ȼɳ
ʢʢֵ̺һӵʵ̫࣬ҲܰʢңʹʢҷֳȥԼ
ҴˡẦһӣʢæ
ʵҲ֪Լ飬ǳΣҪ䣬ʵڸĲ̲ס
Ϊ飬һؼңڽ¿༭ŮɫѻƬ
Ȼ֪Լˣʢһ㶼ԼẦȫҡ
ѻƬ̼ëǮһУЩҾһģȷʵвΪ̶ʵǼǮ˼ңû˵ļΪ̰˵ġ
ʱΪϵ̺ӡȵ̵ıߵĺ
һû˴̣Ӷѵˣܽӹܼʲô飿ʢ˵ǼҲܳ£Ȼ˴̣ҪӼȥ
ʢʱѾˣʢȴҧزɿڣֻⲻķּңҪӼϳȥֻһլӣٲһͭ壬ӡΪ֮
ʢˡ
ʢֵұϾ׵ģ棬Ҳ˵ҪؼҲܻеǮƣٲܶãҲĸףǮ
ֱӵƽѧһլӣʢʢԣóһŷּҵԼʢǩֻѺ
˵һʼʢ¥ϳʱʢﻹŭѾûԹʲôˣֻʣ»̿֡
ʢָĿյլӣһʱ䷴Ӧ
ʢܿˣ
Ҫʢԣʢԡ
ʢһ飬ͦ飬ʵΪʢԺã֮ǰϣѾͨ˵Լ뷨ˡ
ʢڴ֮ͥ½ʢԴ¥ǳ׼ʢ԰ӡ
ôһʱʢԿ϶ûȥ¥
ںġּҡʢӰˣʵҪʢԸϳš
ʱصʹ֪ʢΪʲôҪôһȦӡ㲻ЩʢҲԲʢǮʢԽ̡
ʢԱԲڲԸ̡
ʢȴ̾˵ڼʢԿ϶䲻̡
ʢڼУϲ˵ʢĸˣʢ̣ʢ̫̣ҲϲʢԵģЩƼʢԷ񫣬ָ͵͵ǮѻƬ̸ˡ
ԼؿŶܿࡣ
ʤʢֲʲô־ǿˣǲ㷨ӣһʱˣԺָҪٷ
ˣһҩ
һ˵ʢԳһ㡣
ΪʲôΪȰȰʢԣ跨ʢԽ̣ڽʢԵ֪ǡ
⣬¿ҲǮģǲţʢǮԽ䲻̡
ʢӦ
ڣʢˡ
ҽոյ¿༭ãͱôͳˣ
˵ǶƮƮɣҾԡʢա
֮ǰ̸̣֪һֺ˵Ķôȥԣ
ʢգҲˡ
ʢԼҲ˵һȻֻǵʱĸˣ˶óˣҲԡ
ʵһΣͲˣߵ˶飬˵ڶεΡ
ʱţⶫֲ󣬳Ҳ
ȻˣҲҪģ䲻

֪˵ʲôõʱʢԴ˸Ƿˮ
񫷸ˡʢԵ
̣š
ʢԵҲһʱҡ
ûֱӳţһѷˡ
ʢԺܿʹӴ˳
ûǮ
ʢϻûǮ֮ǰʱϵ·ûȫ
լҲûǮģҾ߶ûС
У㴩ҳȥʡ
ʢϾһ
ʢԾôִӴӡ
ʢԳ̵ʱ䲻ʱѻƬҲߣһηҲأܿͳŹȥˡ
кܳ·Ҫߡ
ͬʱҲе㷢
֮ǰȥ¥һˡͻȻ֣ԼŮûʲôȤ


126 
֮ǰ¥Ů˺ܶ, ݸи
֣һϲ
ûϲĸŮ, ǰֻԼ岻, Ĺľˮڿǡ
ͻȻ뵽褾ˡ
¥ЩŮѧϲ˵ֻҪԸ, ɾܸЩŮѧһδй˼
Ǹ̰׷һĸоûУͦϲ
¡ϲ˵ġ
ʶһ㣬ͦӵ, Խܡ
ֻǣȻѾȷԼ, ԺŮ˽϶е, ˡ̾뵽˸̰
˵Ҫô죿ʱʢԴӴ̽ͷ
ʱԼ飬ʢԣǰЩ, ϸ˵˵
ʢԿ϶ǲԸ˵ģϸĳҲˡʢԾͽЩԼ˵ˡ
ʢԹ¥̣ߵһȺ, ЩˣѻƬŮմġ
֮ǰҵֻΪ¥˸, ͺҶڼ֪ҳѻƬ̵ˡҪҸߣô죿ʢϱһѣļˡ
ڵ֪ˡ㸸˵ˣ˵ϳȥ£ֻҪѴ̽ˣԺǰʢүҲܻȥǣ˵ԭ㡣
̵ġʢԵԼСҪȻҰ
ʢô˵Ҳʶ޿ɾҩԡ
ִĳЩͶƷմһξͻ˺ԣҲ䲻ѻƬȴܽģʢԳʱ仹
ȻˣҪףܶ˽֮󣬻ȥʱѻƬܹ۵Ļкܴϵ
ʱܶѧʦҽԱ¶ǳ̵ģǰʵ̫ʺҲ̣ҪֺЩˣõķӾһЩ̡һ̵Ȼֻ಻١
ڽ䶾
ִˣ̶䲻˯̲סֻ浽ҹѪ֬Ѫѹˣ̲סεĶ
䶾Щ˲֪ٱ뿿Լ־ܣǿֶǱġ
ȷҪ䶾ֵԣ֪ǿƷÿҹ߶Ǯ𣿡
ʢ֪̲ãЩ治˽⣬ЩãȻ
ȴǻԼǰ֪һЩ
ʱڣϵȵȫѻƬѻƬļ۸ԽԽˣкڣһëǮһѻƬࡣ
ʱǹҵѻƬռȫİ˳ɣȫ˿ڴﵽǧϣһٸʮ߸
ǿ׬˺ܶܶǮͬʱҲԽԽ
ʱأʿʲô񫷸ˣϼڣľӣӮˣ
ʢүǸϵģʢԳ̶֣֮ʵ˼ңǶһġ
ʢԽ˲ٴ
ʢһʱ֣¶˾Ҫ䡣
ûľĵ£浽˷ʱʢԹƾͻ롰ٽ䡱ҶҲһ֮ˣԡ
ߣȥͼˡ
ˣʢԲ⡣
ԣͼ˿㡣
һ꣬˲٣Ҫ·עضӪȻԽԽá
ԼƵסʢԡ
кܶҪҲһֱʢԡ
ˣ϶Ҫұ˿ʢԵġ
磬һ·ʢԴʢһȥ¿༭緹Ȼͽưȥ˸һг
ϺܱߵĽʡ˿ڶ࣬ٵĵطܶûأһЩΪ˻ͻϺ
Щ˴ˣǱнϺ߸۵ĻȴúٵǮܸòʲôǮ
кܶϾôüһųԷ졣
г;ۼźܶˡ
ȻˣȥгˣģʵϣʢԵĸѾ˴кһнѡˣֻҪȥ˴߾С
νгʵҲһյأվۼٸˡ
Щ˴õģ첲Ʋһ鼡⣬ʢԣȴΧȻ׷Լ˵Լúܡ
͵ġ
Ǵ˵غһˣģ˶ȥˣҲֻ˻ߣ˵ԼģҲҵġ
ر󡣡
ҺüûԷˣҰɡ
Ҽﲡˣųҩкá

ڹ¶Ժĵطˣʢ¶̡
Щ˶ǻῴɫģʱʢȥˣŪʢԵ·ҿ̫ҲʢԲѲ
ʢһ·ȥԱߵһҵλ͡
˹ȻֳݸƵġԼ֣˵ҪֺõĻ;̽˳ҪģﵹǴСϰ䵱ģҳ£ųһû⣬Ҳá
˸ȫͬԲ֣һ֪򵥣֮󣬵Щн
ʢˣ˲ʢŵģҲ֪ʢĴڣǸһЩĵľϣؿջƣʦǴСȭŹֺܺá
ǵĹǮô㣿ʡ
ջƵʦ̾͵ÿ°Ԫס
ʦܴɤӵҪԺõ㡭Ȼû
Щû⡣ִˣҪԸߵ׵ĶʱҲһġ
˱ЩӦʱϲظģһ㣬һ˿ԴһȺ
⣬ʢԿ˼ĸ첲ȴֲõԤС
Ҳ飬ʹǩԼָͰԪǮչ涨ҪһµнˮɵģһµнˮһʮԪҪͰԪ
ʣµнˮһٸ˾ͳɡ
ȥ·ϣ͸˽ʢԵ飬ǣǽҪģǿʢԣ̡
̾ʹӦ
ΪʢԱæʱһߣӢҵ˸̰̰ˣ
ʲô̰ʵӢı飬֪Ӧûʲô¡
ȥ¥
̰ȥʲôһߣ֪δޡܴܲȥ¥ŮˣӦ¡
ȥץʢԡӢȻϵ˵ˣºܶ˶֪ˣ˵¥Ŀбӣǻ˵Ҫһ
ʲô̰⡣
Ӣ̰̰һ飬ֵ̰һҪ˿һ㣬ǻ򵥣Ҳʮ߰꣬һСľˡ
̰üͷ
ʢ԰ٺãص¿༭ͼ˸̰
ڵҽԺҪˣ̰æڡ
̰͵ˮȥ
ȥʢǳȻǰȥס˸̰֣ҽɫ̫ãǲˣ
ȥ֣Ҫ뿴ԼԸ̰ʲôо
ֳ̰Ʋϸ壬滹һЩӣ֮סֻģס˾Ͳš
ͬʱʶԼ»Ǹ
Ը̰϶ϲġ
ôţĴָี̰ġ
ʱ򣬸̰Ѿסˡ
ǡڵϷ


127 
̰ٸ, ˵ѹܹ
ʱ˶Ҫܸ, ׽, ֻ˸չ
չŮһ˰˸ӣΪ̫, ԼĺӶûʲôģ˵̰ˣֻø̰Աů
ڣ͵͵¸̰ĳʳûؼԼĶŮ
ʱĺӱź, ȴ걻
˻ңĸԴĳӴ, СŮ, Ȼ׽еģӵ֮, ȴڡ
ȳ˹ֳõĹϵǺʱǶˣǣһȥѲ, Լϲˣ˱־롣
˵, ׽һˡ
֮ǰ׽Ҳǲ·һưֵΪ
̰ձסֵʱ򣬶ûӦȷӦ
΢΢һЦԼҵס֣һãҲͦæģҪעϢ
һġ˸һƵֿ֣̰ҽе
̰С̰
̰Ѿʶܾã˼µھӣ˹ϵһ㣬ǶԸ̰Щע
̰ƽ˽ܸɾó鳡֣ﻹиܴܵڽӴӦòڶһˣҪӡ
ȻˣҲӦ
һֱԸ񣬵̰ҽʢԵĸһȥ¥ʢԴ˻ҾʱȢ֮Ȣ̫̫¥Ϊʵڲ׵
̰ͷҲôá
ΪòʣϲȴڿС˵֮
һдС˵͸¶˼ġ
ߣöǣҲȥЩ£ȻԴ￴̬ȡ
С˵ܿĳЩ뷨Ƶڲͬϲ
ڶԽԽϲֹϣģԺãҲһмһʵں˲ϲ
ʱãôһˣԼá
Ҿ˼Ȼѡһ𣬾͸öԶԷ𡣡ֵ
ȷʵˣߵһס̰һתҾڡڰдĻõġ
̰ǻϬһͨЦǶ˸̰˼Ҳ֪̰ö˵ʲô
ǵġ̰Ҳ
ͷβǵֶš
ǰܶС˵ĸף̵ĸ鿴û뵽ֵԼȻչ
ȻҲͦõġ
ľʵ¥ݱ˲죬ŲԶ
͸̰һ֣ȻͿ༭һ༭ˣ㡣
ʣ˭
ҲǸƯŮˡǱ༭
Щ֣̰ȥ
һ¥Ϳ༭ĻһžŸӵŮˡ
ŮĺƯƵ޹䡣
ǣЩɻ
ϲżϲˣŮվԼľ¶һϸ׵ĸ첲
ôһ˵̾ʶλ
ֻһ۾ͲˣŮӵʱûлױڵе㲻ͬŻûϳ
ԭѦС㡣ѦѦأʢ˵ֹһΣѦСҳԵģڡ
ҲģġѦصʢүѾҴкˣҲٸ塣
ѦСʲô飿ʡ
ҺϲдС˵˺ܶ顣ѦЦȿ𣿡
Ѧ׷ŮˣȿȣҪûпգԸԸ⣬ھȻȿȡ
ˣӦʵûӦ
͸̰ȿҲˣѦغȿȡ⹦򣬻д㶫׬Ǯծ
ʢԸӺ壬ǴʢҵֱõģǮǷšʢԺĸ׶һ磬϶Ҫ
Ǹһ¡ѦСû£ȥɡ
Ѧؾȵؿ
ȴǿ̰̰¥̸£
ոձף㲻ʲô͸̰һһҲá
̰¥ٺ˵˵ģǱ߻Ҫ
ңչ̫죬ĲҪȻ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱΪ˵Ҫٵȼ£ˮɡ
룬ˮܣԼˡ
̰һ£Ҫȥˣȥ¶ԺǱ㡣
á
Ѹ̰ͳţûߵѦصͷ¥ȥˡ
Ѧط˸ֻۣԼİ뿪ˡ
ʱһĻţ磬ȴúܺá
͸̰֮ĹϵѾˣ֮仹кܶҪ
Ҫͨͨ
˼һ£ЩվڣȥڵҽԺ
һɴʰö뿪˽¿༭
ȥʢ
֪ģ򷿵Ǯû壬ĿִټϹ¶ԺǱ߻ҪһЩֱûʲôǮһȥ¶ԺǱ߳Էɡ
ϻǮģƽһ
ⲻʢ֪¿µ룬Ҳ취
ʢԾ͸ùһʱĿӣĥһ¡
ʢԲ֪³¿һʸѵ飬Ǽǵ֮ǰòǮ顣
ûǮ֧ԮúãȥǱ߳ԡ
¶ԺʱѾˡ
ǳԵĸ¶ԺĺӲͬҪúܶ࣬ǰЩʢԳԵģȴһ
ʢ֮ǰдӽ¿õķֺ죬мﳤǮΪϢˣﳤǮ˲٣ӦʱбͣȻ÷ǳ󣬳ԵҲãڡ
øִĲ˲ѳԣȴҲƲϺóԣԽЩûûζġ
ĻԵĸ࣬졣
֮ǰûҵܳ˳ԣܳԱ˵ĺܡ
ʢԵ飬Ϻܶ˶֪ˣǲ֪ġ
ʢԻλֵ𾴵ʢʦԹóһЩʢԡ
ʢԿ˿񣬸񽲽
ʢûڹ¶Ժ߶ԹͻȥˣĻظš
˵ֻҪʢԽ䶾ɹʮԪĽ˵ǣǴҪʢԵġ
һʢлѻƬ
ߺ󲻾ã̰ˡ


128 
̰ʱ, ڸ¶ԺĺϿΡ
²ȴڸƽİ, мŮӤߵĴųָ
Ժ칫ҿ, ̰ˣվ̰ˡ
š̰ЦЦæҾ͹ˡ
Ųȥһˮ, ̰һջ裺ϺȺ̲˯ţȵջɡ
á̰ӹ裬
˿ʱ䣬ʶҪþòΣʣҪҪϢһ£
̰Ŀرƣ
̰ҿһ, Ϣһ¡
ſϢ
̰Ϣ˰Сʱ, Ѹ̰, ø̰Լһؼҡ
̰ҽԺڸڣ̰ÿһߣҲû֡
̰кȻͺ²һǰ, һߣһ߱Ӣġ
͸̰Զĵطʣ̰ˣ
ɽ̰ЦҵĿ
Ҳ̫, ЩУҸ̰Ĺ˵ĺܺ, ϺҲ˵һЩûע⵽
ҹҲûʲôˡ̰뿪Ѿʮˡ
ɽͦģкܶú̿Ժǿһȥ˵ţס˸̰֡
̰΢΢һܿһס֡
֮ǰһֱΪΪСԵʻûϣڿǡ
ͦġ
Ҳǣ͵кӣܻر顣
ǣ֣һʱ䶼û˵ʱͻȻתͷһҪô
̰һҪԼ֣̩Ȼظ˵˶ͷβûзſ֡
ѾˣǴӿĳۣѹûзǣ֡
תͷȥ̰ƽ
󣬾ǣ֣ôһ·˼ҡ
ˡ̰
šſ̰˲òڼſڷֿ
̰ؼҵʱ򣬸û˯ӷס˸̰磬¸˵
ʲô£̰ʡ
磬ǷżȥĹ顣ڴؿŸ̰ѧУȥĹ飬ʦһȺѧĽĲУƫƫԼֲϡ磬ҲҪǮȥɣ
̰ãﶼϲӢǱߵ֪ģһƽѧıҵ֮󣬻ӢѾҪѧȥϿˣҪңøȥҲ̫ã㲻ҪǮȥڹѧĻ᣿
öмҲ԰Ҿȥ
鲻ô򵥵ġ̰Ҳǲȥ
ϲؿŸ̰
̰ƽѧԱߵǸ¶ԺӦ֪Ҫȥ飬ȥǱ顣
뵱ʦ̰ô˵ʱ£ǱҪҾȥ¶Ժȥã˵ʦܴڹ¶ԺǱߡ
һֱڿ˼ǡǺһ˶ͯģȥ¶Ժ顭ԽԽǸ⡣
Ҫġ̰Ǹ¶ԺǻӢģͦȱˣøȥͦõġ
ȥ¶Ժ飡˷ܵͻȻ뵽ʲô磬ôô죿ǲˣ
̰
ϣ˵˵Լ飬ʱѾˡ룬׻ˡ
ȣÿ춼Ҫϴ裬ԼϴɾȻͻ˷䣬óһŸֽ
ԭдһЩѻƬĶһʱ벻ҪдɢĻС˵ɴд˵㡶Ⱦ
˯ˣ
ʱѾˣȥ͡
ҸһȥȥԼǸ´ɱһƽĴ裬źһȥ
ʲô񿴵ϵĶʵѾŸɾɴӣôȥ˱ӣ
ȥ󡣡
ЩطŴףϺĶ⡣
Ƥ࣬滹֭۸Ҫܶ࣬͵ʳˣ򵽡ΪƤ鷳Եʣÿģȥ˾ûˡ
ȻڻǮ˺ܶ࣬һʮҪĸͭԪͣһǲġ
θڣϹܳ²Ҳ˵һһԸͻһǶ࣬еݳˡ
ԼҪԣǾɡ
ӾȻһ
óŽӣûȥ²һԣʣµ˷ŽԼĴ
⣬Լ´ɱװһ󱭵ţ˿
ȥ̡ҽͲؼҳ֮ȥ¶ԺǱߺˣõҡ
ҽʱˮʲôģӦȥҽ͵Եġȥɡ
ôŶ˸ڵķš
ȥʱ򣬸̰ûһ̰ŴҴҹ㡭ôˣ
ҽһ԰ɡ
̰Цá
ҵĳ꣬ӵĴס
ţ˿̰ˣҪԣִ¥ϳһˣ磬ҽһߡʦ
죬ֲϿΣҲ˯ú磬˯֮ȻҲˣѾȡ
ԼĸһͣЩƣǳôң
³㡣̰ɫġ
ǰ㲻볳ңֱӾͳ𣿸Щɻ󣬵ųԶҲûֱ£̰ǰĿӣպ׳Թûϳ´׺óԡ
̰̾Լǰţ˿һڡ
˿밡ҲԷ˿ûԼģֻʳб𣿡
һƤ࣬һȣһ˫ӣȥô׵
̰ٲҪˡø̰ԣȸ̰պ׵ʱҲһͬʱȥպס
ʱ˱鶼رԵʣôʱ򣬾٣㡣
ǵȳֶһ׵ָԼȸ̰ùĴ׵Ѵ׵ɡ
ﲻԡΪʲôһһ
̰ȥɡ

Ȼٲһպ׳ԡ
пһĻԼùĴ׵ԼǰŲŲиרõĴ׵áȻˣ׻ȱ˵ʲôٸõ
һ˸ɵ˶ʮ͸̰һֻʮ
̰꣬ͿԼĵܵܣҽ첻ȥҽԺǱߣҪȥ¶ԺĻȥ̺һ߰ɡ
Ŷȥҵˡ
ˣЦʣ첻ȥҽԺǱߣ
ȥġ̰ǽȥ
Цˣ֪
͸̰ϻư·ȥҽԺһ·ϣ̰Ŀбӣֱ֣ҽԺŷֿ
ӻưŸ̰ҽԺ˿Լ֣Цˡ
û뵽̸Ȼô顣
̰ȥҽԺûȥ¿༭ȥһëǮʮֻһͭԪ붹һͭԪõҽ֮͵ʢԼС
ˬĺܣӺͶһߡ
ʢԵסţ곤ЩĻƻˡ
Űӣһĺһ֪ղڶ
Ҵ͹ȻսȥƼȭŻͦ·
һҪٿѾˣ̾Ͳˣɿȥȥ꣡
ʣǾûгԷҪġ
ʢûʲôҾߣ֮еģ֮̾ͽӶװˣңǸǳԵģ
˵ͷʢһЩ
һߵͷһڸɵһȳȭͷҪһӡ
ⲻ࣬ƤҲ׸ͷСǰܳԵʱҲͳȴܿһ˸ɵĸְѶ๾ࡱˡ
ʢʱûɵعͣشǷ
˸кһӳԣʣôԣ
ǳԹˣʢǸġ
ʢԿԼİӣٿϵһ͹ˡ
Ȼ󣬻˾ذʣµӸˣһǻǫһֳһһˡ
ףһʼ˵סʱΪʲôЩˡ
һʮӣжĿǵ¶˳ԣû뵽ǾǳԵδ
ǲûзſ˳ԡ
ʱʢԲų˰ӡ
ǴСϰģ̱ܲܽˣ


129 ϰͳ
ĩ, ھ֮ǳ࣬¡, ʱ˳Զ, Ҫھֻ͡
ĩǳĴ£ļլ뱱ھ˱ģͬʱҲǸھֵĺ̨
ʱھֵ, 䣬Ƕϵлн飬ҲܴһЩٸͨ, ǽǺסھ֣ٸȥץˡ
, ʱ˻, ķǳ࣬˺ָܶ֡
Ϻߣһλ˶ʦԪףڶǰѧУ, ڴȭϧǣһȥˡ
Ʒɺ衢Ҷ֮, Ҳʵڵģͬʱкܶʵǵִָʱ
˽ʷ, ֪ʱЩˣȷʵһı¡
Ȼˣǿ϶С˵дô棬ܵñȳ˿죬ñȳ˸ߣȳ˴󣬴ȳ
Ϊǲûô棬ǹ֧ҩ֣Żû䡣
ھ֮࡭Դִͻ𳵰˻֮ԭޱʢھҲѸ˥
ʱ꣬ھֻûгװ䣬Ѿǳѹˣٹ꣬ȫļھֻ׷׹š
Ĵ£ܶϰ֮˵Ҳͺܲù
Ȼˣһ֣߼ҾܺõЩϰ֮ˣǵӻǹúܺõġҵģЩãֶʶСϰûıܵˡ
Щ˱Уܴ򲻹ǹģرܳԣĺʵ̫ѡ
˽ƻ˵֪ʦŵģղ
Խ֮Ϊϱ̫Եʣһֱעض壬Ҳڿϰ䣬ͻȻϰͷ
ҲѧĶãеɾУϰ䡭ĥţûȥǹš
ʱǹʮԪ򵽣һһٸԪҲ¡
ϰ䣿⵱ȻǿԵġƻǽ˭
ЩҴ书ǲ˵ģƻûѧģȻҲûĽ
̱ʾ̡ܽ
Ȼ˵ʢԽѻƬ֮󲻻ǣǵЩģҲ̸ͽܡ
ϰ䲻һһϦ飬Ҫ̸꣬Ҫȶϼ꣬һǮȥȢϱˡ
ǽһЩļɡ
Ҫϰ䣿ɲʲôɵ顣ʢԵ˵ִ˸ǷͬʱҲˡ
֮ǰǷ棬Ƿϵӡͦġ
Ҿǿһ塣ʱȱҽҩиķǳҪ
ͣҪѧ̫ܣѧģеࡣƻǰͲܸѧġ
ԡ
ƻһ񣬵Ҫôѧ˵ѧȥЩȻˣһʼȭʲôġ
˵ţʾ
Ҳ飬ž
ͷһҲʽĶϵļȫ顭ƽ˶ٵ˵ʵеˡ
һЩҪԾ֮Ķûã۵ȥˡ
֮ǰֻԼ廹㲻ڲʶʵܲ
ʢⷿӲ־ƣԺӵͦģԺҲܻ
ѳ۵°ϵϣ½½һСʱѾ̲סŻǿòС
Ȼûʲôߣ췴ද˶رˡ
ͷ󺹣ǳǱԺӵϣ黹ͦġ
ϱҪô˶϶û
ȫҪˣʢһֱԱ߿ţֺͦǵģȻ󡭡񫷸ˡ
ҪܳȥƻзƼܣһţһȥͱסϻӰˣ˸ë
ӵԼ·ԼǺܺõġ
֮£ʢԡʢԷӣǱ˲֪ٱ
ʢϢһ£ϴϴ֣ʢԺ֮뿪ȥ¿༭
ôһڣ¿༭ʱѾŵʮˣòУɴͳȥֻռֱӳ˰ֻ
ʣµһֻ룬Ӳˡ
ͷһѵЩ۹ͷһûд
ҹصؽ㷹Ժٶ߼˸ǳԡ
ҪԵ㵰ʲܳ⣬ţ̫Բ⼦ҲǿԵġ
緹ʱ򣬻һʼһԣֻǳԵԿԶ࣬˶Ժã˵ǿ԰ʣµĳ֮˾ͳƤչʾһжܳԡ
༭˿Ŀɿڴ
ʢԳԹͻȥˡ
Ǹܰӵˣ淸񫶪ˣһĶ㵽ȥ
ȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
²٣ÿ춼ڹ¶Ժߣǿѧϰǰ£죬ֶ˸
²񣬸еͷȥʱݣ̹¶Ժĺѧ
˵һʼӢĵģֹˡЩ¶ԺĺӹĶûѧþȥѧӢģʵûбҪ
ңǳܰӢѧͨȻʵûѧӢĵıҪӢĶùʱˣѧֲãһʼͲ˷ʱȥѧ
Ȼˣ֮ĸϢҪѧ޳ɵġ
¶Ժӳ緹һСʱЩСĶҪ˯ģʹĲ˯ͳհŴɨʲôģ컻ѧѧ
ݽ֮С߱ȽϱĿʼŷ⣬ʣʹģŮһЬӡ
ǲҪ̫༼Ļպ˼ôţԺˣѧ·ˡ
ʦôЩкЬӣ⣺ŮӵĻ
㿴ڰ𣿡ʡ
Ȼǿġ
ͬŮƽ𣿡ʡ
Ҳ͵ͷͬ
ҪŮƽȣͲ򣬶ˣôЩӦŮ˸ɣʡ
ЩҲֻ˸ɡ
ҲŮƽȡ
ʵ˼ͦŵģʱ˼
ûи˵ȥ˰칫
ڼˡ
ԴŹܹ¶ԺȥˣͦõģԶһ
¶ԺĻҪǻӢģ⻹һЩƿЩǮ񻨵ĺСģ໨
κͤѧϰκͤѧУѧУǮԼǮҲһΪһҶѧУ߳ԣĴ붼Ž˹¶ԺĻʳǮÿ˵ҲʮԪ
ôǮһζԲģΪһ㣬ŻʢԵ˴Է
ǲ˼ȥӦøЩ¶ǮģԵԼǮûϵˡ
ĺ棬Ավһ꣬ŵ¸˵
ʲô£ʵ
칫ûˣŴţһȥܿ⡣
ҲϲŮˡ
̫ˣ˵˯ãҲû˵
̹ˡ
Ѿһ˵ȥ


130 
û˼˵ʲôʲôϲŮˣ
, ҲϲŮˡⱲӣŮ˽顣
˽ס, ˺һ, ŵڸ￪Цɣ
ûпЦڰ治ᵽͬҾġ
ôأúõ, ôǶӣ૵Ĳš
ݲвŮ˵ģҲǶӣҾϲ˶ѡ
ϲЩϷӣϲЩϷ, ҲԽ鰡ֵ
ʶǸ֪ͬô£͵, ֻͬϲͬ, ûиоġҲŮˣҸŮ˽飬Ǻ˼ҡ
ô᣿ǮƢҲ, ˽ôǺ˱ˣǮб£ٺò˽Ǳ˵ĸŮ˺ܺ, ƼŮÿζԸְæôͲϲŮˣ
, ɣһŮ˽飬ͬܽ𣿡ʡ
ҲûʲôܽܵġԼŮͬȫû⡣
ȵȣ˵
ԼĶӣͻȻ뵽ԼĶĪǰԼŮˣԲϲˣ
ɫˡ
ֻˣֵδôû֪ˣԺҲܹãοҲѧڽӴǵû˸ϣҿ¶
ʱ˺⴫ڽӴ£еңѧԭãԭϳˡ
¼ˣ϶ҪڽӴ
ʱȴ¶ԺкܶµĹ¶
ӡǲ˼ˣ
˵ˣҲû˵
˾ãľˣ
ʵҲûʲôõģԼø˾ˡ
һǰ񣬴Ӷ֪ôһ£Ҫιȥ
һ꣬Լ˺ܶǰ벻飬ֶһЩ飬۽磬ȻԽܣҲܲˡ
˵ʵҲûʲô
˻飬ϳ
ںӡ
˻飬ʵҲӡ
ǣӰԼŮˣ⡭
Լ飬ûʵһҪ飬ԼĶڲͬȴܹǵĵġ
ôͳˣ
鸴ӵؿ
ֽһе
һֱϰӵĻûٱһЩ߰˼ϴԣԼĶôһӡˣҹܲ㡣
Լӵô£ǹܲ˵ģΪ֮ƣҲֻһһˡ
ӹãʵڲԸ飬Ǿֻˡ
⣬Ҫ취ԼܵǮУǮҲͲӽ¿޿ˡ
һʱֻѹܴ󣬵ûôˡ
˸ǰ£ˣ¼¶Ժ
ְ̾һ
ӷ涼ãôƫƫë
ʱ³¿Ѿˡ
³¿ϵĵûʲôȤζЩ۸˼룬ι֮£ܶ˶ǲġ
ټǰľ͸ˡ
⿯ͲΪӯģ֣һɱ༭Ҳ⡣
ϲ⿯ģ϶
һڵ³¿ϺϢسۣͬʱҲע⵽ˡߡ
ĹԱͺдһģһ
ΪԱһػӵء
Ӧб
˵ձҹһսһСҴ
Ǵ˿ڣǱǩ˶ʮһ
ԼǣǸͷǣ

³¿ϵºܲȴҲ䶯ֻúܶʶ֮ʿ֪ˡôһ˶ѣͬʱҲиձ
Ȼʱ֪һ㡣
磬ãȻȶŷȻ͸˵Щ飬ʢԳ˴¡
һ
ǰЩѻƬ̵ļ۸ǳǱߣ̰Լҵ鲢ټʱ¼ұңг̳ײϵˣ֪ʢ⺦˵Ķ̾ôôͿ
еͿ˵
ͷͻȻԼӻõġ飬ܱȳҪá
òϲʢ԰ɣ
¿պʢһ𡭡
ˡؿԼĸסʢˣǿԵģϲˡ
ûϲˣͻȻһ
СҲ
ϲ˭ʡ
ϲҽ˵ȥ֪
֪Ǹ̰׷ģǻø̰ɴô˵ˡ
֮ǰմƽѧʱ򣬸̰Ȼ࣬ڽһߡҽŵԵʣҲûɹ
ô˵ֻȥ飬֮ǰ顣
ԼĶӣȻϲ˸̰
̰ҽǮԼҽԺӢȷʵϲˣϲһ
ӷ
ȥ͵ʱصһȣԺ￴ĸԡ
ӶԸܺãָдС˵¶Ϊ̰Եʡ
Ҫһ㡣
οе顪Ӷ˼ҵĸ硭
ϣʢվɴ¶Ժ߳Է
޷ģֲ˼ȥǮֻĻôˡ
ʢǰûôǱڵǺڵزС
Թͽ¶Ժĺӷֳ࣬Լ̳࣬øȥ̸߼࣬Ǹոպá
ʱȴǳţȥ˸̰ҽԺ
ҽԺΣ֮ǰһֱûãҲûʲôÿģȴͬҽԺѾˡ
ֻҽԺִסҽԺǲܱȣִЩĹģҽԺĴ
̰ܽôһҽԺѾܲˣЩҽͼֵơ
ȥʱֻ֡
Ҹҽʵңȥֵ
ãҵһˡʣﻹʵң
аҽҪоһЩҩֵ
ڹȱܶҩ̰һЩҩ
ͦõġ
һֱֽʵģҪȸ̰͸ɴóʼд
дĶѻƬĺҲǴӸдģǴдġ
ѻƬģֲڣʱҵˣСͿʼʳѻƬˣʲôã
дǧ֣̰ųЩϲôˣ
㡣֮ǰûҪôԼ͸̰ĸ飬Ӹ̰飬ȻǲģڼȻѾͨ⣬ȻҪڸЩϿΣȻȥ
ʱ䣬ѾҪϺÿˣϾǶʱʵҳġ̰˵ͷáȥȥӻ˳ͻؼҰɡ
Ĵ㣬Ӧ


131 ϸ
͸̰, ¶ʲôø̰ڡ
ǲŸոȷϵ, ôø̰ҳ̫á
ô֮󡭡ʶ, һȥҲǶ˵㵥ദʱ䡣
ֻദʱΪҪ̡͸̰߳ҽԺ֮󣬲ŷָҵĳŰſڵš
, ̰ǰؼңȴȥһȥ
ãԼӦöԸ̰һЩȻҲ֪ҪôԸ̰á
ȥ·ϣһЩ̰İ, ϲʲô֮࣬Ȼһһ¡
ư, ²˺ܾ, ȥˮϴһ¡
ϴ裬²Ż
ӵؿԼĶӡֻҪ뵽ָ˵ȥҸ̰, ͸̰һؼң;顣
²Ǻȥϴˡ
ϲ̰, ҲҪ˼ҡ²ˣҽǸ, жɲҪ˼·
Ǹ̰·
Ȼʱ̰׷̫ˣڱѹͲ֪׷Լ
ģҲʲôģҾø̰ҲкøС
ҽǱȽºͶѡô󣬾Լôһ࣬ʱһ㶼ø̰Ҳϲˡ
зִ硣һжҪд¥ȥˡ
񵽵ûš
ȻѾͨڶ죬ϸɴûڼԣԼΪ۵˸ҵĴš
̰˵θ̫ãƽԵ嵭ҲͲ̰ˣֱԼ䡣
ҵ͹Ȼ嵭
ԵƤ࣬Ե̫ࡣ
̫Լ˿вҶ಻Ӻÿ⻹аİӺͼȡ
ǰǸ̰ԵģǸ˳
ʦԺҼҳͰɣһ߰ԼĽ˿ϣһ߶
ðŸ̰
̰˸ȣһЦ
ദʱԾǺܵģȴһ㶼ûֻԹԳԵĸˡ
죬վǺ͸̰һưߵģǸֺһˡ
ҽԺ͸ֿ̰֮һʮ붹ȥʢԵס
Ȼ˳Թͣ͸Ŷ
ֻĶǿȣԶˡ
˶ã磬;ø첲еᣬ˯һ¥ݶʹ࣬˼⣬Ӧû˵ķǳء
ϱϾ֮࣬һЩ飬֪ⶼѾˣñ˶滺ģȼټȽϺá
Ȼ˲ģģͲˡ
ֻܵҲżС
˼ֿʼԼĹҪסˡһͲˣ϶ѧꡭ
֪ǵ뷨Щ򵥵ѵǾˣʱκͤˡ
κͤɫܲãһֱûɵʢԣʢԣ㳤˰Ȼ̣
ʢԴ֣У
κͤ˼ŵҽˣ䲻ˣԺҾ͵ʶˣ
ʢæڽ䣡 
ʵûʱʢԽ䶾˼Ǻܼᶨġ
˶ܵʱͿʼһˡ
̵ʱж̣Ҳ࣬Ҫ˶ӦþܽκͤɫҲЩһˡ
ʢֵͷѾ֪ˡ
κͤʢһͺһ뿪ˡ
ʢСܶ࣬ܶ࣬ͦáκͤҪסϺ£Ҷʱ򶼻ȥһ£̻߰¥ǾԲҪġ
κͤôͻȻˣ
ʢԼãԼҲб£ԭϺߵ£ϵġôһԺҵĽҪܶࡣκֵͤȻϸһһЩҪôõŮӵķ֮ĻҺûзĴԺһҵ涼ɫӡ
κͤڵȥ֮һֱȢޣκͤǸʥҪ鲻Ҫɽģû뵽ͦʵġ
ϸҲǣͷҾõŮûнܽĻᣬ϶ȲЩܹŮ
κͤĴѧѾĲˣ׾ܿʼæúܣĹ뿪ˡ
ˣȴǻ˽¿༭дȾ
ż죬ź͸̰͵ȥʢǱ䣬ڽ¿дĵ
͸̰ǵһģر飬ܷϣҲۣͦԸ̰һһϲ
ϰ䡭ϵļⲻۣͼѵ
ϰЧûһ꣬ǿģҲż
Ƚ¿һǮ½ջصʱһڵϣ±ˡ
һڵϣ±ϣѾûˡڰ£ֵġȾ
ԽԽأܶȥҲʱоһע֮󣬿˲ٸȾߵ硣
ϸͲһ£дʱ򣬲ûϸֿдһЩصķ֪ʶйء
ʱڣǱߵģƫƫʱ˶ο֪֪֮࣬Ҫߣ˲ˡ
ҵǣ϶Ǿֲδйϯȫ顣
ηֹɢ֮ǲģһЩӰӾС˵
ԼС˵ӰӾ翴Ŀķһ£ټӵԼ뷨дȥ˾úܸӦûܸʱҽһЩ
С˵Ƴ磬粢˶õģʵϣܶҲûá
Ҳʱһɱ²ϸҩ
¾ͣ
ɳжȣУҽðűȾķվ֮ڷǳˣͬʱĵҲпͷ
үүձϵģܾᣬҪҪЩձˡ
ȻˣǾ˵ġ
ϣ±Ĺ£ԽԽãһڸոһ죬Ѿӡ˵ϣ±֮һ
ҵС˵ܺãȥǶҪ˶ãЩϣ±ȫˡ統˵Եá
ͬʱЩϣ±ˣȴѾ뷨вδʽдҩ
ϴϸ֮һȿ־嵽ԡнĸǵĳ˻
ڴʱ˿ϸĴС


132 Ӱ
̰Ա, иͥеϺҽġ
Ŷ, ҽҩ, Ϳʼѧҽ˶ʮͿʼԼҽʮ, Ϻҽ֮һˡ
˺ܶӣҽκùܶˣƽﻹƻҽʩҩϺǼġ
һú, ͦ磬ϵʱ, ͽܻġ
, ˿ԼſֵľȻλϣһϻ۾
۾һѧ, ǳ󣬶Դ۾ͷˡ
óڱ, ȿġ˼ǡ
ǰǲôС˵ģֱ˸Ƽˡҽ
ҽⱾд˺ܶ, ǳϲ֮ȥˡѧڸÿ춼㡶˼ǡǲ
ܿ࣬һֱֹۡã˼ǡϧµΪԼӱ뿴һ
¥飬ϲĶ֮½½ϣ±¿֮飬ʱԧɵС˵ҲһЩ
⿴ȿϷǸȤһ㡣
ʹˣһ㲻ǴԸΡ˴ڱ֮ûҪεĲ˹ַ˷Լǰ־
Ϳϣ±
һ
ϣ±дС˵ǳȤǺϲģȾ£ǹְܶ
ʮ꣬ⱲӾܶ飬ʱ컨ӣȳΪҽԵʣǼʶܶೡߡ
Ⱦдߣǰ֡
ͬʱҲ˽ҽ
ʹˣ֪ҽĴڣȲҽʲôҲȥ˽ҽһֱԹԼҽֱ⡶Ⱦ֪ԭߣϸͲġ
һʼʱ򣬻ұģԼ֮󣬷֪ϸĴڵģ⻹ϸѧһѧơ
żᵽĲӦǸϸĶ
ֳ˼ʶĸоͷһζҽҪԼСȥѧѧһѧҽ
ٿȾ
ᵽһЩֹߴķǺõģЩù
ýζſţ˰ԼʮĶӽöҲΪϺ׫дҽѧר𣿿дд˺֮࣬ܶಡ֢ᴫȾӦ֪ҪԤ
ǣףĶӵ
ֵУǺȥЩҽһ
ĶӴӦ
϶Ǵʲôġ
ΪЩҽҲںǺ
̰ĹҽԺǴʿģҽкܶǴʿ
Щʿģ಻ģ곤һЩģȴǻĵģȻˣл˵ĵĶ࣬ܿ鼮ȴࡣ
Ҳû취飬ˮʫްǦᡱ£Ҫ̫ˡ
ʵ˵ѧҲѡ
ǸϺѧߵԣ˱ȴû취й˽
һֵø˵顣
ҵһЩܿ顣
Ǵһ¿ʼġ
ҽԺһСڿһ⿯вͼ˵»ܼ򵥣˱㡭һˡ
֮ǰһֱֶڿ⿯֪ЩԭиԵĹ¡
Щĺ˼Ļ̫Ȥˣ
ҽԺҽʱĶȤҲʱ򣬸ҽƼߣһ¥һҡ
¥С˵ǰЩҪ⣬Ƕеѣҵ¾Ͳͬˡ
д²йдþɬǸ˵࣬رÿͬʱĹҲ¥ĸϲ
ҽԺĴʿϲڰⱾ顣
ţԼĹڰ󣬶ȻҲܷչã
ͬʱǶдһЩҲǳȤÿȥоһ¡
ѾеӰĵӻӦҲѣ
ЩʿиջɪķĴʿѾʼⱾˡ
ãһ飬ӦԼҵҲһ
ҽԺĴʿϲڰⱾ飬ǲĵģҲͬ¸ǽ£ȾⱾ֣ǵȴ̾ͱˡȾ
ϵ۰λҵңһһȥѧרѧϸѧˣ
Ȿд˺ܶȽҽѧ֪ʶ
ͬʱڿµʱ򣬻ʶձҰġ
սңǸɶĹңҪǿеֳأ
ǰձ¹ɽߣռɽ£ǵõӢ˵ֵ֧ģڣȾ֮̾мӢʿйӢдţһҪձʾձоϸΪ
ǻڼţڲҪ֧ձΪңܻǵ֧ȡйȡǵλôйıȡ޴档
ǻలһЩйѧȥǵĹѧ׽ǹҵ˲ţúֻ֪ܶձ֪Ӣ
ȻˣҪս֮
Щϸ£ǿˡȾĿͷ֮飬һЩ˵ŹϺˣڶڶ ֵġȾ 
һһֶȻ仰Ŷͨ˳⣬ôȥмģѯǵķ롣
ǻһĹ򣬲㿴¡
˿µĺ
ϸһֿµĶ
ұһɰãɺȣпɱϸҩͺˡ
磬ģȫϸע䵽ڣ˶ϸ壿ĿС
ţʵһ֣
ҪһλӦһΰҽ

Щ˺Ǽ˵óֽҪⲿС˵ҾⲿС˵һᳩȻҪս֮󡣡
ɶս
ʵõսҾС˵档˵ȻˣҪȵõҵͬ⡣
Щʿ׷׵ͷ
ҵС˵ģɲֹҽԺĴʿ
طҲкܶഫʿС˵֮вҽЩãҽġдʲôģԼǲй̫ãûѧµҽƷ֪ʶ
ȻˣձңҲ
Щʿֻмٲ˽ģΪԼһ߽̻ᣬԼġձܻǵ棬Ȼ
ϸʵ顭ϵۣҲйЩձŪһֿµϸҲΣգ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶עձ
ձ
Ϻ磬ȻҲձ˵ģ١
ԭɾһסϺձˡ
һó׹˾йǹĸֶıȡͬʱҲϺռ鱨˺ܶ׵ձйǴСǰйݣԱõļ
ݣɲһˣ
ԭйǱģȻҲͶйߵǳע
¥ˣ͵û̫⡣İʿǳ࣬ûһȫȥܡ
ҡ
ԭѧ÷ǳã֮ǰǲڰ󡷣Ϳˡ
ʱҵӡ󲻴ͬʱðйҪôûпܣĹңһǿԱôõģ
ϸ£ˡȾ
Ҷʱ
֪һ۹ļƻģ֪۹棬Ҫ֧ǵĴƬصġôõأ֧̫˷ˣ
ϸսʵʲôġǳ
Уôܻᱻ֧˸ߣǲܴڵ飡
ԭɺܷŭһߵҵݣһ˼ϣ±Ļعڡ
ȻյһҪҵҡ
ԭϸս뷨ڵ۹Ļֻǲʵʩѣд¡Īǻй¶
㲻ǻй¶λӦҲǳյģһҪŪ˭
ԭɸոսһһڵϣ±ˡ
һʱͽ¿һ顣
Լҵô࣬ŭ
ңһҪ취ҵⲿС˵ҲҪֹУ
Щ˶ôѺˣ
֪ԭ˵Ĵڣ֪ձ棬Ѿʼˡ
дѻƬΣ¸֣Ȼط֣ߺܶ˶ձ
һս֮ձǻĹ֮һϣı䡣
ôţؽȾĽβдˡ
ⲿС˵дķǳġ
һóдС˵С˵дҽߡ˼ǡһܡ
С˵ȻѾд꣬͸üĸˣ⡭ټĸţҲҪȥ
ȥŸ̰ڶûȥûٵš
뵽£磬صؽһưԼ͵ŵص㸽һ±ꡣ
֮ǰ̰ϲҵ±ζ
ȥ˼±㻹һЩ±ζȻȥš
ŷԼİֽһưȥȻȥ̰˵±ζ
ֽ̰ʵˣûƼҲôŸ̰ʵ飬ͽ±ζ£Ȼȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
¶ԺṩһͣѾǷǳ󷽵ΪˣҪ֪Ϻߵͨˣܶһֻٵġ
һճͣ˰Ҳǻġ
ܸ¶Ժĺȫ±ζԣ̫ݳˣ±ζǸ˵ġ
һȥ˸
Щڹ¶ԺĻͦ˵ģѧӢĵĵص㣬˹¶Ժһȥкʦ
ѾʦˣԺǲҪôˡ
ôУʡ
´ɡ˵ţ˸һ㡣
´磡ллӹһڣЦ۾
¥硱أ
˿û
ңԽԽˣϣ͸ͣ²ѧУ´ķǳ
ڻ㣡
ôţֿһڡ
Խָ²һһ㡣
²Ҳ
Ȼˣ֮ǰӵؿһۡ
ǰɲͳԵģܳԵ±㣬մ˸Ĺ⡭
ԼҲһ㣬һȣȻ˸طóٵſ
ٵ޵ᵽھܶεʵ֮󣬶֡£ѾüĿͬʱҲѯһЩߵķΣ֮顣
ߵԤ֮࣬ʵԴϸ֣ҶѾ֪һЩˣ硭ʱˣѾ֪ţԤ컨ˣֻⷽо١
뵽˺ĺӣСָԤ飬컨컨Ѿˡ
룬дһЩδʹĳ룬Ҳ˼ֿо硣


133 Ժ
ѵõضдһЩ, Ͼо츣ܶ˵ġ
˵, ˵컨ڹ, Ȼкܶ˸Ⱦ컨Ϊ컨
ܾռ컨磬Ǿܶˡ
һ, ҲʾоҪСġ
Ҫ֪ʱʵеԶȺ٣ôãĻ, Ҫо磬ûôס
д, ͳ, ˸ͲżĳȻŻع¶ԺȳԹֶ, ȻȥˣͲ¸һߡ
̰ÿ춼ֽ͸˳Ҳ²
ԼĶӣԼֳİײҪ˵ĸо
, ˵ҽأ
УԼ׷˼ι, ˼һҪ԰ײˣ
ĿԼ뿪е㷢
ţѾղĽˡ
Ժʰ飬ЦŸк
̡ͷ
ʣԺҪҪԵ㶫
һûԣгԵ𣿡ʡ
ԵĵȻеġϵķȻʢߵһɨգǱ߻ʳģһ
õʱְ⼸¶Ժ˵һ¡
ԵĲˣųյ̣Щ齻Ƿĵģ㲻øһ㱨
ôУԺ
˵̣Ȥ¶ԺԺ𣿡ʡ
һ㶣ҵԺ
˵ͷ֪ģǻٵˡ˺ܶ๤ǳȱˡҪæǱߵ飬Ҫæ¶Ժ飬е˲
¶Ժǻٿģ㲻ԺҲûҸԺ
̣˿ɲҡûµ˹ܲˣбµ˰ɡ¶Ժֲܸ׬Ǯ˲Ŷٿ϶ȹű𴦣
˵ĺеܾԼû¡
ǲеԷƱˣһֱһ㡣
ǻȱ֣ǺԸ⵱Ժġҧ
Ǿ鷳ˣ̣¶ԺԺÿнˮʮԪ
ʮԪԾˣ֮ǰƽѧʦнˮǶʮԪҵڹ¶ԺɻÿµнˮʮԪ
ǵģʮԪΪ¶Ժµģнˮ࡭
ѾܶˡɿأԸԡ
ʮԪнˮǳ࣬һʼҪܾģ뵽ԼĶӣȴִӦ
дС˵־Ȼ׬ǮҲǮ治סǮãԼбҪӴǮ
⣬ҲҪӴһ㣬飬Ժɶ£Ҳܰģֻӡ
ǡҽôǮб£϶򵥣ĸ뻹ĻҪǲѧ㣬㱾£ԺҪ
ԽԽ࣬޶־
ɲ֪֮£˱ˡ
뿪¶Ժ֮վҽԺ
ιȥ̰ûʵ飬ָҩ
ʱҽܶҽҩּҵġ
ҽֻܿ￪ӣд˷֮ǻòԼȥҩץҩ
ʱһЩҽ¹ʣץҩ֮ͦġ
ҽǲôģҽԺҪҩ̰Ϊ˷㻼ߣҽԺŪһҩ
ҩ䱸˾ĳҩҲͲ˷֮ȥҩˡ
״ʵҽԺѾ׼Ĳ˰ɣʱţ
¸¡̰
Ҫ𣿡ʡ
̰ҵʱڱֽϿǹ棬⣬ʶˣҲܰһ¡
˵ȸҩƷźãʰöϻưһؼˡ
ڳϣٲǣ֡
ǻؼұƽ磬̰Լ뵽кܶҪǻӢҲҪֻܷ
ҲһĴ㣬븵̰ȥԼķЩ˿Ķ
ףعҲûʲôףǲԸ֪ġ
ǰдĶҺܶ˶ддٵĶǲ֪ġ
ڼſڷ֣صУͽټˡ
̰ȴڼдһЩ񣬵ȸصУҹ˾ͨܵȥݺӢ
Ѿδ
գӢһ̰ʣ̰˵˽չ
ǵġ̰ͷ
һӢԵʵ
̰ɨһۣ磬Ӧб飿
̰ӢԼıӣ˵
˵ãе鶼ãѾ˰ҹʱ
Ӣֵ̰ݣʱҪŵ
֪̰ŵģǣ̫࣬ʱǲҪˡ
ڶ죬վɺ͸̰һߣҲվȥʢǱ䡣
ʢ״Ѿ˺ܶ࣬񫻹ǻ᷸ڻסԼ䣬Ҳ
ڣɫ˺ܶࡣ
Թͣʢ԰˸ӣǰһϰ䡣
һʼ˵ҪϰʱʢǲΪȻģһֱϰº塣
Ҳ㲻ӵըҩˣʲô
ϰ£ʱҲԹ֪ǳࡣһܼȥ
Ȼľͼˣ
ͷ󺹣ʢһβ
ͱСȴñã֮ǰ顭Լܻˡ
ʢͻȻҡҲ䣿
ʢҲҪ䣿Ǻ£
Ȼ󡭡ʢûãſˡ
ʢʶԼ廹Ǻܲģͷһѵʱ򣬼ֵʱɱʢԳˡ
ʢϢ˺ܾãŻʱ͵ԣ¿µǮѾˡ
ʢ۾һ޷ģǳȱǮǮĻ㲻ܳȥ֣Ҳܸһ»ʳ
ǮȫծˡЦ֮ǰǮûõǮ֮󣬾ȥʢһǮˣ˵ڹҲǷ˲Ǯ
ʢԱһ
ʢȷʵʢҵǷǮ֮ǰΪֺϲλԼҵ鱦ˡ
ʢү㲻ʲôڡҪǮĻľͱ뻹
Ƿ˶٣ʢʡ
һǧһٸ󡣡
¿ķֺ쵽֮ƽѧһ֣κͤһ֣ʣµԼʢԶ԰֡
ǮϵĻһǧ󣬻ԼǷµծͬʱҲʢʢԵǮô졣
Ȼʢ˵£ʢߵ鱦˸߼ۣµǮֻܻһǷ
ʢԣ


134 
ʢԴʢӵĹõ, ɱԼĪٸԪʢȥ, ߰ٸԪҲġ
, һǧһԪ۸еˡ
ʢԼѧԨԴ鱦ļ۸ĺ, Ȼ֪Լĸ׶ˣҲ֪ԼĸôǲǮֻˡ
ʵ׻˵ǻ¡뿪ʢҡ
Щ鱦㶼͸λˣʡ
ʢԵͷ
ǰϲ, ֪Щ鱦ǲֵһǧԪģӦҲֵٸԪ, ʢԺǻһ𲻹һ, Ȼ鱦ô࡭
ǱʢǮˣҲʢô󷽣ֲ˼ҺպĻǶʱһֱʢԡ
Ҳ֪ʢЩãȻ
, ֪ǻλ
ǸŮ˷ǳҲȷʵб˵ǵʱ
뿪֮ǰص˻ˣǶʢԶ
Լ֮ѡٶǿȵȼָ, ΪкܶҪ
ʢԾͲһˣʢ¿, ȫԶ
ƣҲûնˡ
ʢ뿪ȥ˽¿༭սȥͿ༭ߵ˵ʲôЩձʵɶ񣡡
ǽҲ磡
Լ˼䣬ɻʵ˵ʲô
ձ֯ΣУһ༭
ʲôΣУʡ
༭˵
ϣ±ϵһοǡȾʱ򣬿ƪµձ˾ͷǳϣ±дţϣ±ҡ
Ȼˣϣ±ûܣڶοˡȾ
ϣ±Ϊձˣ죬סϺձ˺֯һΣбﲻΧϣ±༭Ӹҳϣ±յ
ձפϺ¸Ϻ˿飬ҪǴϣ±һ˵ȣϳϣ±ı༭͡Ⱦߡ
Цˡ
飬ʵʷϷġ
ȫ濹սδʼձڶƵƵڱ־ϷһЩձʩѹտ˱ಢ̣
дµʱ򣬾Ϳǹһ㣬дˡ
һǱԸ־ܵûʮʮôϣϣ±վŵģǻ١
ⲿС˵ֱӼĸٵģټȻ֮ǳˣ϶ӦԷ
Ȼˣ£ҲҪȥġ
ҳȥһ£
˵꣬һưȥϣ±༭
ϣ±༭ſڣѾˣкܶձˣҲкܶйˣЩձŭ˵ʲô
ʱϺձ˵ûʮʮô࣬ҲѾˣϺеձˣ£
Ⱥ֣
֣֣ߣ֣ôˣ
֣һۣձ治ĵģ󵽵׻ôͿˡ
оӣ治ҵձˣͬҵ٣ҪǻԸվϣ±Ͳ¡
ȾֻһС˵ѣдĻδ翵ĶЩձôС³¿һ༭߹ŭ
˵дС˵ĨڱˣӦõġΧһ˵
û˵ʲô۲һΧΧ˵ۣȻͷйˣֳɡ
һɾձ̫֣һȴҿɶ񣬶Ҫ˵Ǻռ
ʱ鷳˺ܶ࣬־ǿ˸࣬ǿ۸ͷˣܶ˻ҷһ䣬ֻŸǿϢŭ
ⲻ֪Ϊǿš
ձ֯Σֵúܴ֪ġ
ҽԺЩζؿȾҽ֪ձĶˡ
ǶԴ˺ܲ
һС˵ѣ»Ϊڵģձֵô󡭡ǵı£
ֻߣҪô˻ᣬϺ߷һ
Щóֽ׷׿ʼдţ˷˵籨Լҵ˵ձ˵Ұġ
ȻˣǾ֪µģ֪ձ˵ĶģǻӢ
Ӣ˯е˯ͱˣȻ͵֪¡
ʱЩձովۼ
ȻͱЦˡ
£֮С
ձ˴֪ձ˵Ը񣬵Ⱦǳʱ򣬾Ѿձ˻鷳׼
£úһ㡣
ҸǷһսʱᵽձܻеõ޴档
Ҳ˵ңܻսʱڡ
ԼĵܵȻ;бҪΪǵĸףΪƣ跨ձ
ܺúһ¡
죬ҪһձҸձŸɵˡ
ȥձǩĵĶʮһúܶձʱվձ˶Ÿɣܵõܶ˵֧֡
Ӣһ磬ȥ˸㣬ϣ±
Ӣĺ·ԱߣΧһȺǹʵʿؿΧ
Щձ˱Χȥǹָţײҿ
ٵôϣ±༭ſڣͬʱҲӳˡ
ΧţվԶˣѹͿӣȻΪ˶һ֡ٺĸо
ôıΧأܲ
ʯΧҵ־磬ΪӢЩΣеձͷһλǰλҲʶġ
־翯ҹ£Ҫ־໹µҹǸλʯձؿŻӢ
ֻһС˵ѣС˵棬ǲ̫ЦˣӢ
Ҫ𣿡ʯ俴Ӣ
ʯ⻰Ӧ㡣Ӣ
˫˵ʱеĽĸоվԶǵĶԻҲ֮ܿշǳѺá
ƼһĻһͬʱԻٵӡҲˡ
Χкܶ˶Ի˺ӡ
ٽͶʴѧ¶Ժұģ
ϣٲҪձ˷
ձҹʵ˵ʲô

һЩʿ˽
ȻˣҲ»ӢЩձˣӣἤŭЩձˣ
Щձ˷ս
ٸ÷Ŷԣ
ô飬ô棿

ϣ±ߣӢձ˽ֲ£ʱ򣬸̰յҵţȾĽ֡


135 ս
֮ǰ, ̰ΪдⲿȾֻΪⲿдһЩҽѧ֪ʶ
ҽһ, ΪӦѧҽ, ֻߣѧҽˣ˵ҽѧ֪ʶǳ
, ˡȾ֪ⲿ飬ȻΪҩ֡дģ
ⲿκߵҩǡ֡
񿴹ⲿ˲, ЩֻҪⲿ飬ͻֵ֪Ĵ, ʱҩ, ú֪ܶ
д飬ҲΪǡ
̰һʱм֣ҵţһЩд֮, Ǽ
ЩһʱоģֻҪо˳ĺ¡
ʱ, Ĺңǹֶ, ԴԴϵ˿ͳǵĹңԴԴϵĲƸǵĹҡ
ڣѾˡ
һֱǵĲƸ⡣
̰ǲԵģΪԼӹ⹺˺ܶණ
ڡоһЩҩ׬һʡ
̰ź͸ϸϸϣ±Ǳߵ
֪Ǳֲ£ͷ
ҽԺ֪ձֹ£֪֮󣬲ûвͽȥ
£Խ
Ȼˣһӽ²УϼҲǻԽ֣ȾⱾҲԽ󣬽ֵ֪ˣҲԽࡣ
̰ôţִ ٣ȥϣ±Ǳˡ
ǰ̰֡ЦһȥСǻȥͦģϣҪ¡
ǣ١Ӧˡ
̰ظд˻ţһٵл
ǸǳصˣȴԸǡԴ˸̰Ƿǳмġ
̰ţͼĳȥˣٺձ˵飬ȴûнá
ձϺʩѹҪϣ±ͬʱҲϺʩѹҪЩձ˸ߡ
ϣ±ĺ̨ǻ٣߱Ŷһ²һµ׼򣬿϶־磬Щձȥ١
֮ǰλͳȥ֮󣬻Ҿʹ˴̾ɽһˣλϻϱǳ֪֮࣬ԼӻǳأҪ˻١˭֪ᷢʲô飿
Ϻߵ͸ɴ൱֪¡
ôһ죬ͱǺŪ˹ȥ
˵ڶ졭Ǳ߷籨ҪЩձˡ
յôһݵ籨ȥȰһȰ٣λүȻҲ˵籨ͦԼĶӡ
ϺҲٴװȡ
ԭɵסլ
֯ѾȥˣһֱûнԭɷǳҲǳ
Щ֧ˣȻҲǷ
Ǹջģǲɿڣԭʡ
ǵġվǰ˵ӢβҪסϣ±
ԭ˼䣬ֵأݲ𣿡
ûУû֪˭ҽӦһҽ˵
úòһϺЩҽһҪҳԭֵ
ǣӦһʮϹȻ뿪
ˣԭ룬ֽһȻ˼ݵ籨ȥ
ʱڹ¶Ժ
ٸձ˶֮һֱܵģ㵣ģȻ¶Ժĺܺá
֣ƺڶʱɳ˺ܶ࣬ٲǰһңԽԽ
֮ǰ̵ֵʱѾˣʵǳϻۣڣΨΨŵŵע⵽Լĸ׻ԽԽˡ
Ȼֻĸ˸оϲŵˣϲڵʣžˡ
ǰ죬¶ԺĺǶڸɻȴ͸һӢĿΡ
һ˼ѧӢĺ͹ģһֱ˽̵Ӣѧֺֿ죬ѾԸ˽м򵥽ˡ
˵Ӣġ
ת۾͵ϣʢųصĲŻˣһĻκͤ
ЩֵʢȴǸլšӡ
ֻʣԴ˵Ҫϰ䣬˾ϰ䡣
һʱãڶۣͲԸˣ˷Ҫ˵ϰѻƬ
۵ǻѻƬȥˣȻϾ͸ˡ
ʢԸ첲۱ۣ·ܣ˵κͤ󲽳
У£ʵ
κͤнҲżӦʲôˡ
£æκͤ
ʲô£ʡ
ġκͤ˵
κͤʶܶˣ̾ĶУĹϵǲҲΪõϢ˵ձһЩйˣڱֽϷ£ϣ±ңӢ
ʱڣڱֽϽսͦġ
ʱʱڱֽ֮࣬Ϊ˶ԸЩˣרһЩˣЩ˶
ڣձ˸й˶Ըй˵ķӣһЩйд£ڱֽĨڻӢˡ
κͤõϢ֮󣬾ȥ߻ӢˣȻ͵֪Ӣ֪
Ȼ֪ˣ϶Ҫ뷨ӦԡӢ߾ͬһЩˣЩͼĨǵ˴ս
ñʸӵսһҪЩд˲СӢᵽκͤԸ¹ˡ
Ըȥ𣿡κͤʡ
ȻԸġ
κܸͤˣҪߡ
УǾҪԷˣߣͦģҪԵġ
κͤûԷô˵һٷ
ģĸˣԷʱκͤʡ
ĸ˹¶ԺԺû
ֲáκͤ⼸ֽζҴСԵʵڲôϲ
κͤĻ֪ʢΪʲôĲȱȱ
˰ŸֽǰûôԹЩĲζκͤʢԵˣǴС⽴ģȻҲͲôϲ
Թͺκͤһưȥ˻Ӣլӡ
լӣǵӢǸլӣլӵſкܶʿվڣȥʱһƹĹݣİ赹Ѿȫͬ
լӵĴ˺üӣһЩֽʣЩλϿţЩλϣȴѾڷܱʼˡ
λϣŻӢ
һȥӢ͵ˣ
Ӣվɺ飬Щԭд˶ؿǶʶۣͷд
ͻӢ˼䣬Ӣ͵Щձ̫дЩ£Ըȥ
˵ţӢָϵһЩֽˣЩձ˴տڱֽϵ£ñܳһݹȿЩд¡
Ӣ׼ģֵͦġ


136 д
ȿЩ, ȻԽԽúЦ
дµĶйˣЩ, ȴձü, ʾձйģйѺãд, ƻѺùϵ
Щݵ䣬д˲ٶź˵Щ¼
ִڶǼʶ, ʱҲᱻϵļϢƭΪĳЩ˵ĿȥһЩ޹ˡ
Щʹһ, Ǻ׾ͻ硰˵ļ켦޻ġϲġһҥԡ
˼ʶ, ʵúŪΪ
ȿдձɶ£Ȼձɶ񣬼ǵҪ, ȿдձõ£Ͳһˡ
ãЩдձ£ձ
, Ϻ
ʱϢͨٶȷǳ֮ײոѹûз, ĻᡣձһֱɽȵػռһЩϺձ˵ǲ࣬Щй˺Ѻá
ЩģˣʵϺߵͨ˶ձ˵ӡһЩ
ǿΪձ˵û£ձҿɶ
ɫЩ
ӢֵЩֽҵձˣЩ춼ҪġǶձ˶ûøУǰ֪ͨңһߵдˣȥӡıֽ
ʵЩֽµĲձˣ
ǱŭձˣͶձ˴󿪷֮ţѴȫƵϡЩвԱдġ
٣ǶдʲôӦԣʡ֪Ӣα粵ġ
Ӣ˼ƪѾдõ¸
Щͬд÷ǳãݵؽЩΪձ˵ȫ˲˵ˡ
Ȼˣĺޣô˽ұһΩԸ³ѵ䡱
Щдȫƪ֣˵һѪ˵ǺĻˡ
֮󣬾֡
Լдġ
ִʱȻܶ飬ǰ׻Ʒ֮俴ܶʱС˵ʵóд
ûдôе
ϾʱܶˣСͱ徭ѹûȫЩ顣
дķ塷¥ΡС˵£дġ
Щûô
еΡ
ЩдΣӢʡ
Щ»ӢܶûˣЩʶ
Ȼˣ߱һ㡣
ӢдµˣмǻӢ£ȴҲмǻӢӱˡ
Ӣæġ
֮ǰʱ򣬻ӢҲдȴûжǷ׽
һʼЩڿӢȻд¸Ʒա
ǰӢΪˣʮ߰ӣƾʲôǵ£
һƢõģվ٣֪λ˭дʲô£
ʮ꣬ǴʱΪʿһЩ¹ΪߣȻǿġ
ڻӢʳڵʱ򣬾ʶӢˡ
ЩԸʱӢдµģǰʿǴžģ³Ͽҵ˵λҽ¥λ¶дļãҲѧǳдġ
¥˾ȵؿΪ̬Ⱥܺãı黺˵¥ᣬ뾹Ȼôᡣ
Щˣ˵¥ɫҲÿܶࡣ
дС˵ҲۣĽ¿ļãֵصġ
ȻˣҲû̫Ͼ̫ˣҳƷС˵
ȻѾʼ죬ڳ˱㻥ͨ
֮ǰдµһˣǻӢ£ǻӢġ
λǺĸʿֵΣ˻ӢŻ
б֮ʵЩĵġ
ϧԼдµ鱻͸¶ȥʱձ˵ĲҲˣûǾԩˣ
Ҫ֪ʱĪ˿ɲ١
˵һЩʱر˵ˣ˵ʱҲСߡġ
ʱǸˣڱԲɱ˲գ۵ľʱ򣬾˵ǲЩɱֶεĵ
໥ܹ֮ͷĺܶࡣ
ǰӢˣʷյͶС
ģЩ˶
Ĺ֮󣬾ͿӢ٣ܱǸֻдС˵дġ
ӢЩʧôС˵д²д
ܵʽ΢һ㣬ͿʼѧӢķ֮࡭ĺܣЩ£Ҷ̫
һʼ˵Լдʱ򣬻Ӣе㻳ɵģǲձˣԲŻģôֿ˵֮Ǵ˻ɣ˵׽
ԼҲЩ¡
Ұ㷭һЩ£ûġֵ
Ӣһ㶣ҪӢ£ȱģǶĵˡ
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˵κͤӢľͺܺãֻҸ룬αרŰ
κͤҲܴĻ
٣ɻбĵطܹ˷룿ʡ
Ӣôʣ̾ʶǲЩһд
Щ˶ͦưе㿴ΪԭҪǷֿеʢˡӢȥ¥ϣҰҪ¸㡣
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κ֪ͤΪʲôͻȻô˵ǴӦ
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ӢȻеģ㡣ܵܵĽ£Ϳʼ鱨ˣʵϣΪ鱨ձ˲Żôᡣ
Щձйûʲô£
ȻˣӢЩҵҲһûɺ¡
л١Ȼд
ֱʣڰֽд˵һ仰ɱ֮𣬲족
ĿˣұXXس̵ƹ񡭡
һƹӽǣʼдһΡԼձӵıҾ
£õǴʱûõĵһ˳ƣôʵ޻ȴȻ¸ͬܡ
ġҡ÷Ϊòձ죬ҡӱǿռԾҡ޼ˣȴƫƫţΪ˱ֻӵϺ
ӢûߣһֱԱ߿š
Щ˵ǿĶġ
д£ı飬͹
Ҫۼд£һţһձƹдģձ̫ɶƹ̫
Ȼдġûйӡ
ܿдһ֣٣Щд£ͨͿҾãд¸áд죬һϰд߰ƪûġ
秵ս϶¸ˡ
дȻǶ׫ģ϶ǿйѾܶ꣬ЩǷµУ˵
лҪ˵
³Ѹڡءд֮ͽԻԲɱ˲գ۵ľأ˹౰ҲѣǲЩɱֶεĵ
ʱҲǽʮעִġ˺ܶˣǲʱбһɾΪȥЩ˵ˣҪɱ


137 ɱ
ӢѾˡ
û뵽̶̰Сʱ, ͺ߳ôһƪ˵ܽд߰ƪ
Ҫ֪, Щ, дһСʱˣЩ˶ûдһƪ
Ӣţκͤºã˷θҲ˺Щ˵Ƥ, úдҰ
УҲдһЩ
Ҳ֪Ҫдκͤ
κͤϹټٵļ, ֪Ҫô¡
ʶһ㣬ͷκͤдĴ㣺Ǿ鷳Уˡ
д, κͤܳҲ
ƹӽ, дƪҡģձѹҡΧ˵¡
Ը֮ǰһƪһ𷢱
дġҡѪޣȴû취, ŻϺ
ҡϺס꣬ձ˵ߵڰףŻ֮дͶ塭
һž͸ʵˡ
һСʱдƹĹ֮󣬵, һŮݿʼд£ʮ󳡵һŮˡգҺ͵ܵȥż, ˵ùǣٳٲӰұŵܵߡ·ϣŸԶţҶҪּԣܵ˵Ҫø׸һ·ȥ˵˵ЦЦͻȻ̧ͷּð⡭
£дŮĸףΪձҪţձִ󲻽һ˱ɱŻ˷ӡ
һƪƹĽǶдģôʻдܷ֮࣬һ˵裬ΡдĶȫһŮдġ
ر󣬸дѪ
ӢǸʯĳģ֮ҲŮͬ飬뿶ȥˡ
ȻдС˵ģʵǸʮꡣ
ôţŹֵؿ
дƪеˣʱȴǷӢϡ
ЩϣдĻǴ¡
˷滹ձеĻܼء
һĿһ¼϶סˡ
18941121գվλɶ뵺˳
ͻȻ뵽һ¡
˳ɱʱûб¶
վйɱϾɱֻɱʵֹһΡ
ʵϣ1894꣬վռ˳֮󣬾ͶԳڽҹĴɱ
ʱǳսսǧˣվ˶ٰʮˣ˵վǴȫʤġ
ǲ㣬ڽȫɱ֮󣬾ȻֿʼɱİգɱԼĪƽ
յʱеĹߵ˵ֻиʬʮѡ
Ȼ죬ӦòֹʮˣԼĪа˰ٸ
ԭ˵ĳУֻ˰ٸ
ǣձ
ʱӢļ߼֤ⳡɱӢ̩ʿڼ󣬾ͱ˳ɱ飬ֹ˼죬籨ͬ˱ţӢͨѶ·͸磬ĻʢٱȺձڿʱȻдսʱɱ֮⣬վɱһйˡʾ֮ǰıҥԡ
й棬ȻһЩ𣬵ܿû˻
ִɽİƽ飬ûط˵ʱˡ
ЩڴɱҴİգû˵һеĻᡣ
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ձһֱûй˵ڡȾдĶͦЦġ
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һдһֱд賿࣬һĸ˵ĽǶȣдǾı飬һǧ֡
ڣĸ첲̧ˣҲд߰ȱ첲ȣӦ˵̲ס˼֡
κͤȻҲϵóĺܺá
ڻӢıȫˡ
ӢͻȻе㵣ԼĵܵܣԼĵܱܵƭˡ
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٣ôƪӦùˣǻҪдԼĸ첲˵׳ǰͨҲ޷ô
һѾˣдҲдʲôöսһҪ
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Щ˵ͷдõ¸˻Ӣֳ˵㶫֮󣬾ͼд
Ӣ̾˽Щȥ˸磬صؽˣдǼƪС˵һҪ
ãдӦûдĸá
дƪС˵Ǳĸͬıġ
Щı༭վڻߵģһֱŻ¹ôĸֽ˵һҪǣȻе㲻ˡ
˼ҵ²̶̼ǧ֣پȻôһ
еطǣ
ǿ֮󡭡
ձ˵ɶ񣡡
û뵽ǾȻôɥĲ飡
Ҳ֪Ǵˡʵͬ顣

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ǶãǻҵһЩվˣȻЩд£˰Щд£һʱЩͬ֡
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һ˯˺ܾãʱѾٽˣ²ȥ˹¶Ժ
׷ˡ
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һ裬»صԼңȻóһŸֽʼд˳ɱ
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дţţͲ֮һҵԷ
ҵһ꣬Ҫһ̲˺棬Ҫһšǰ࣬òŶԡ
ܺóԣųûڣԱԼдġС˵
̫ˣӱձˣԼȥҪ˵㱻
Щձ治Ƕ
ǿűһŮרãǸŮļҲձ˺ˣҲܿ

Щ秵£ͨǿ̫ģдġǶˡ
ͬձû˺øС


138 
Թ, ȥ˼ݱֽȻ֡ıֽ澫ʣ
˵ű, ͷƪ², һƪͦձ˵ģһƪǻߵдĳԱ粵ģ滹Ů˵ӽдС˵
Ȼ, ˶С˵Ӧǲɷø֮ࡣ
ֽҲͬڿ
һݱֽעĿľͷͷƪˮƽܸߵ£෴, дС˵Ǵҿ, ӡġ
, ϰ͹Ϊʱʱ²ƳһֱܺãͬʱϰҲ˿ϰߡ
ȿ, ȻǴڱ
ڱϵġ˼ǡóݱֽȻȷ˷걨
ֻֽϵı⣬ԼȤ, Ż¿Ȥ, ɾǸսйصϢ
Ȼ걨ϲûйǳսϢһĿ⡣
ɱ֮𲻹졷ϰ屻ȥ
дµĻߣдķǳ׻ϰֲ࣬Ҳܿһɬѡ
ţ¡ϰкƹ
ôˣƹʣϰߣ
һͣˡ
żңΪԸ⽫ԼҵĵԼ͵ļ۸ˣűļġµǿձˣͬܡ
ƹ£걨ƽ
űϣҲĹ£ϰʱֵ
ƹϵ걨ȥűۿˣЩˡ
ĩҷ˺ܶܶս
Լڵս㣬ԵģеһѻƬսڶѻƬսзսս˹ֻսȵȣնսǹҵϴġ
һһεս֪ж˼
ϺطǰȵģİգҲûٱҵ۸˵ģ˵ִй˵飬
дĿձߵ£Ȼ˺ܶ˵Ĺ
ϰƹˣһʱ䶼ݺᡣ
𵩴ѧ
𵩴ѧոս¿ԣѧѾ׼ѧѧУ˺ܶࡣ
ûʽʼϿΣŬѧϰͼͼˡ
𵩴ѧͼݷǳﲻڴν̵Ĵʿӹԭ飬һЩѧ߾顣
ͼݣϺͼˡ
ĳЩոտ𵩴ѧѧѹ᲻뿪ͼݡ
Ȼѧϰȴǹʱµģÿ춼ῴֽ˵ȥ
ıֽȿͷϻӢձ˴̵¡
ЩҲ̫ˣ
ҲдǡȾȷʵ˵
ôˣռɽʵ

˼䣬£ȻͿдС˵
£Ȼáҡдټ
¡ÿֶǷԷθģ
û뵽顭
ټ

Щѧеıֽձ˵ӡѾȵס
һ˵飺ҲдЩ·
ã̾ͬ
˵ţ׷óֽд
ԭɵסլ
˸£ԭɷŭ˺ԼǰıֽЩ֧ˣ
ҪԸӢû뵽ӢȻôһС
ԭЩԹЩµľˡȻѾˣΪʲôɴøɾһ㣬ȫŪ
Ȼˣ޵ģЩȻڱָֽǵˡ
ӢˣҲøɾȥһҲдĲɷøԭһ£ͽȥ
Ӧһȥˡ
ԭʱȴһ£ȥϵǼ磬취ͨǼˣǿΪձ˳£˵֮ǰ¶ǼٵģûļˣŮƹ
ӦһҪߣԭְ˽סˣȥһ»Ӣĸˣ취Ūǣ
ԭΪʵڵģҲôΪ͵͵Ӣߵĸ̰ҲΪԼĸ˼磬ǼǴģ
ĸʵ
ҡӢ
̰ԡ
ӢʹԱóһ׼õĸֽ˸̰
̰򿪸ֽͿһЩʲݵּдĹ£ڱֽϿЩ
ּͦϤġ֣
Ӣ̰ддôƪ³
̰һֱ֪ܻ£û뵽Ȼôࡣ
̰ԺҪСһ㣬ƭˡӢ
ƭҡ̰ЦЦû¡
ǰ飬Ͳһˣ飬ֲȫģͲƭ
ദʱһֱõļݡ
ôţֵ̰磬Ժ飬Ҫǣ
㵣Ӣʡ
̰˵ͷЩձ˶ϡ
ӢͻȻе㼵ˡ
ʱִˣ٣٣ˡ
Ӣ̰һߴܵ뿪ҲУȥ
̰˵ͷ
Թ緹˻ߡ
ԭٰĴɷΣдѾˣȥϢˡ
˴ͿӢ¥ˡ
ˣӢЦ
ҹ٣ҪҰæ𣿡
ȻеġӢд·ȥ֮ЧǳãдһЩ
û⡣ֱӦˡ
Σɴ಻й˵ĽǶдˣһӢʿĽǶд¡
ƪ£վǵһ˳ơ
ҡһӢйĴʿձйִҪһЩԼĿ
ڡҡǡҡĹңձΪԼйûʲôģдС˵д˳Ҳûʲôҡд£Ȱձ˲Ҫ̫嶯
ƪ£ǰ˵ķϰдģЩطⰴ˵ϰ߰﷨Ūˡ
⿴ľӢдġ
ӢʱѾеˡһдĶ˼ҲˣдļҪá
ǿձ˲ҪһӢ˰
ϲ
˵ϲϲشƤȳĴ˶ɲϲˡ
첻żҲдĺʱʱ˦˦Լĸ첲д̫࣬ĸ첲Ӳˡ
дʱһߣ̰ȴڿҵš
ҸĵŲ࣬յϴǷйص֮ΪҪܾãյҵһţû뵽ô죬ҾȻָдˡ
Ϊ⼸ձֵ飿
̰Ŵ򿪣Ȼɫͱˡ
˳ɱȻ飿
ЩձˣȻ
̰͵شվȭͷԽԽ
վռ˳ʱճãĸʱʲôǣžΪ֮ǰһֱ֪£ֱڿҵš
̰ţдĶġ
ûƭıҪ
Ϊˣǳܡ
սģɱƽ񡭡
ЩձˣƵɥĲ
̰̾ȥ籨˳顣
֮ʼϵš
ųһ飬ƽҲ֪дȾʱΪʲôҪôдձˡ
Ӧ֪ˣҪ֮ҷŻдȾ
ǹҶձ̬ȣһֱǲģʮǰնڶսʱձձȻڶʮǰɱôǹҵİա
̰ҵպãְԼܳһݸ֣˸ȥ
ӦһլһˣȻתӢ
Ӣһ𣬸˵һЩǵ鵽ձ顣
˹Ǽֽʱʣʲô
˵ġ
ŶӢ˿ŴֽȻͽסˡ
١֣͹עӢȻͿӢıܲԾˣӢܿ콫ŸֽǰҸո֪㿴һܲΪдƪ¡Ҫǵȷģһȫıֽǣ
лҪ˵
µ˳ɱʵڵģ˽׿԰ٶһ¡
ⳡɱձ˺ܾãֱ1935꣬ﱦ¶ʱҴ߶ûʣˡ


139 Ǳ
Ǽֽ˿, ͷݣԼдĹ˳ɱ顣
, ֲ, ϤĻٵġ
ոհżĳپѾõˣʾˡ
⡭ͨŵ, صĻ٣ǻ١
ͦһٵģ뵽ܻᱩ¶ݣַˡ
ſһ飬ŭȻ飿Щձʵڿɺޣ
»ȷ, Ѿ˾ŲʮˡӢʣд𣿡
ԥصͷܣ
˵Լд֮, Ͷд
˳ɱ, ִʱ򣬿һЩʱڳļдĶ˽һ㣬˽Ĳࡣ
Ͼⳡɱд̫, ǸϢֺ
дҲðٷְٷʷ
һĸڵؽУһҴߵĽǶ, дôһƪ¡
ڴ̣˵ձ˴, ׽³£ͽҲڵؽС
ϣ͵͵ӵؽſڣĸ
ȥ˸ڣĸĵܵܣһ𱻴ڿϡ

дʱ뵽ΪϾɱҲ뵽һЩǳɱ﷢顣
ʱдһЩ
ʿиĶӡ˭ɱĶ֮ࡣ
Ȼ֪Լڿձˣдʱɺܲܡ
ִʱȻ֪ʱİյңдʱ֮󣬲ʵС
ûмı£ֻŬΪշ
֮󣬻Ӣ뿪ˣһҵ˸͡
Ĳһǳʢÿ˵ķ࣬ոպá
˳˸һɶٴдӢֱдʱŹȻд¿
Ӣһе㱻ŵˡ
û뵽ȻܰһɱдôһЩ飬ʿиĶӡ飬ȻҲó
дЩӢؿôģ
Ҵӱݵ·ϣձռĵطӳйաǸ˵һЩձ飬죬ҲдЩձҲû
ʵϣ֤˳ɱļߣһЩձɱӤɱиļأʱЩսѪȵļߣ̲סħ
Ӣ˵
һֱǹעŵģ֪еͷˣ϶ɱħ֮࣬ԡЩձˣɹ顣
Ӣ뵽˵ơ
ȴǼд
˳ɱ£дһƪܹǧңȻдһƪ¡
дѾ˰ҹʮ㣬Ҫ뿪
Ӣվȥ
ڶһ
ıֽϣˡ
ձָӢһЩеǣһЩֽĵ˵дƪ£ǻӢƵģʵ
ڻӢ棬ǲʾһһ粵ͬʱعһЩձ
˫ڱֽ϶òɿһЩ³Ӣ
Щ硭Ǯգ˫ȫǣЩС硭ЩӢͨЩձͨ׷վӣΪԵġӡҡź
³¿ġǲջӢǮȻվӢ³¿רųһܡ
𴲺ȥ˽¿༭
һڵĽ¿Ҫˣ༭ǱкܶҪ⡭мṵ̂Ҳȥ̰
¿Ѿ죬Ǳߵ飬ܿʹˣȥҸ̰ûҵ
̰ҽԺƽҽԺƽҽԺ˵˵̰ȥ˺ݡ
ͷûֻ绰ãϵĺ鷳
ṵ̂ȥ²
ڹ¶ԺæţΪ¶Ժĺӷⷢȡͦõġ
ڹ¶Ժߴŵʱ򣬸̰ͻӢѾյ˱߷ĵ籨
˳ɱʵڵġ
ʱܺձˣҲµµİΪҪָձҪµʱҲͰ˸æͨѹͲ֪¡
Ӣˣûпȥ˽£ǲ֪ⳡɱġ
Ӣ͸̰ˣ鶼⸴ӡ
ͬʱԭɵȴܲ
ҲɾӢĸףҲɹµ飬ҵľӣ˵԰
ԭȥ˲飬ܿͲ
߷ּôһ죬ҲŪƪĨڻ˵˵ĵ˵˧ΪõȨϧ¹ͷϸɵ
ֱ˵ҵľӣϲյʳǿŮ
˵ӢǱ̬ϲŰˡ
Щ£ٸȥԭɵ
֪ǱлӢˣͳȥ£ӢÿζʱӦԡ
͹ȥͲ»Ӣǰˡ
ǣԭɵµ
ԭֵˣ¹ȥʱ򣬶ˣҵҪӢʲô
ӢͲ֪ԭҪ飬Ȼ벻ġҪ˳ɱ¶
£һ˻ӢߵҲ֪ġ
ʱձĹϵã˺á
ձ˿ܻǰ֡ʵⲻǻ¡ȻˣڵձǶйѵҲᶯ֡
ʵǿڵһս֮ǰձôӢЩҿ
һսڼ䣬ŷ޸ձ˺ܶƷձľ÷ɿ췢չձֳûռйܶطǺܷչԽԽá
й෴
ڼ䣬йȷʵչĺܿ죬˺ܶ˼룬ͬʱҲսʧ˴˿ںͶ
ձҪ翪սˣսòϰꡣ
Ȼ鵽׻û֪ܱ֤ģһֱΪԼĹұøöܶ
ϣдһƪ˳ɱ£Σһȥ˳Ǳ߲ʵѧĽǶдġ
ѧӴɱҴ֪˲ٹ¡
ڶ졣
ϺͨϰգֽǿǲǺܶǲȥ걨űģȴһ𣬻ͭԪڱʲôģȻʶֵ˶
Щ˽죬ȴ걨űıֽȫˡ
⼸챨ֽϳĺǶע֪ǸǿӵƹϢ
Ǵ򿪱ֽͷĨڻӢ
Ȼͨղ֪ĨڣݣΪˣڿֽ֮󣬾Ȼá˧ΪȨʲôɵóġ
ǺܿûȥǻҵЩˡ
ֽһҳǿдģ˳ɱ顣


140 ¶
˼Ҵ˧ô, ʵͨղɣɱȴͬ
ɱƽ, Ҳƽ
Щϰʶֵһֶȥ, ֻû䡣
һ㶼秣ͨ˵Ȼ˼¼, رʵ
Щƽˡ
˰ˡ
Ůףɱˡ
૵ˣȴѾ˵ˡ
־塣
᲻һ, Ҳ£
ϣͯűֽ, ߺţ˳ɱɥĲ˳ɱ
ձ˺ͻӢոնʱ, Ϻı֮࣬ǲվӵġ
졭ǽһЩȫձֻͨΪձ˵Сֽˣѹûͯ˵, ñͯ˳ɱµıֽ
ıֽһ͵ǾͿˣһ, ͱˡ
ЩձˣȻһйȫɱ
ԭֻ׬Ǯ, һ㶼վӵıʱѾվˡ
ĳ硣
֮ǰΪʩѹΪձһЩǮԵʣڿǻµͬʱҲ`ձ¡
ϣĹ˳ɱ֮ȴˡ
ǵС£µֲڣ˻ǿձ£ȴޱȺڣԼҽıֽ϶¶
˧ôˣǲôˣǻ֪ġ
ϺΧΪ˶һЩˣصȥֺĵطйй֮󣬻Щ˶顭һˣǾȻĨ
ʲôӢΪȨƣĵܵܣʲôӢϲñӳˣʲôӢ˺ܶŮˡ϶Ǽٵģ
ⳡɱ
˳ɱ飬Ҫȥ飬϶ǲĳġ
Щ󱨻·Ǵ֮Ѿ֪ˡ
ġ
ҲǣٴĵӣҲұ顣
Ǳ粻ٿǰձ˵£
Щߺͱ༭׷׵ͷ
ֵˣǽȥɷһ»ٽĹ͹¶ԺˣһҪϴϵˮ
ЩߴӦǡ
𵩴ѧͼݡ
û뵽˾Ȼ飡
֪ܲǾȻ
Щʵڿɶ񣡡
ǻңǰЩһҥԣ

˶ڿֽʱ򣬸ˣҲˡ
ÿ춼ȥ¶Ժ
ʱ飬ѧѧӢģддС˵ٸ¶ԺĺϿΡÿһ춼úܳʵ
ڽӴ¶Ժĺ֮ܿɳ
һֱΪ˼ǡĶѾˣʵϣ¶Ժĺǵӿ
˵ոձ¶Ժĺӡ
икСıײֻ˷ˣȻͱˣӵ˳
иŮӣܵӾʱˮĸöǵʱڸݵĴûεܵܲܵˣӲ߹ǣıȥȻΪˣͽòϯһ˳ȥûҪǱ͵˹¶ԺԸ⻨Ǯûˡ
ָĸ£ռ˷ظϳŵĺӡֱٳ
ӴЩ֮󣬵ǰܾԼܿñ˶ԲԼˡ
ȥˣԼǰ˷ʱ˷ǮʵڲӦá
֮󣬸ڼԺͣȻȥ²һȥ¶Ժ·ϵʱ˼ݱֽ㵽˹¶Ժ֮Щ
Щﶼ֪һЩ顣
ֽ򵽣Ϳ˱ֽͷϵһ˵ӢխΪ±̫̫ĵܵ߼Ҳƣͽʮĵܵܺ

ߵŮ˲࣬ӵĸ٣ֵܽСģֻŮġ
˶棬СģҲΨһһ̫̫ġ
ӢãûŻͦ»ӢģӢûŪ
ôţֿһűֽϣдĸΪ˵õȨ˸ɵ¹ͷΪ˶Ȩɱˡ
Ǻ˵˵ЩֽôҵǣˣҡŻʢƽˣ
ƪº̣ܶ˿ҲŻ˧̵ܽĺ϶ˡ
ǣͷͻȻ뵽һ¡Ӣˣ
ͳԿСҪ꣬һıȻӢã
һЩձݻ٣²Ҳ²ûӢԻӢǳƳ磬ԻٵӡҲͺܺã˽ˣôΪ˼Ҳƺܵܣ
Ӣ˽ˣرС
Ӣ⣬Ҳĸ磬ǿ϶ҪӢ˵ġ
ֻܵͷ
·ߣûȥ£ֻһձˣֱ¶Ժſ˺ݡ
Ƽ桰˳ɱҴߡд£͵۾Щձ˾Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩطҲŭЩձ˾Ȼ
һ磬ϺˣϾͶ֪˳ɱˣˣͨ籨»еˡ
ⳡձ˶ʮĴɱʱڱ֪
£𾪵ֺֹйˣ
ձ˸飬ҵˣ֪ġ
ΪȾԵʣѾʼձˣӢձ˵ìܣǲûв֡
ձûֺǵ棬Ȼȥܣοŷ޵սݱʱҲûȥܡ
˵վȫֻʱӢЩڵʱйϵĹңһʼȫܵģΪʱձҪڶ֡
ֱսձϺŷǿԼ𣬲ڹϱձĲ
Ȼ֣ձӡѾǳã쿴ֽ֮ӡ͸ˡ
ҵĹңбֽ˳ɱ£ţбıֽ̨˵Ƕձ˵һӢ˵
һ˵ǵģǵĹңҲбֽ¡
Щձ̫ˣҾϸ飬ǻó
һҪСЩˡ
Щ˶ձ˵ӡˣͬʱԱֽĳԸ͸¶Ӣʿд£ͬ
˾ҲǸԸ͸¶ӢʿһԼ֪һЩڴɱ˵Ǵһձ
Ը͸¶ġӢʿԼû뵽ôһ
˳ɱͻȻ¶ձ˵һ޴Ĵ
ԼҵˣҲԽܡ
ʵձڣܶ˲ййձˡЩҪйġ
ˣ˳ɱµʱձԼҵ˶ģʱձߣǶɸѡɷøҲῴκζǲıǲǵġ
Ҳ˵ձԼ඼ǲ֪˳ɱµġ
Ȼˣԭ֪ģ㲻֪Ҳûʲô
ʱЩ֧ɱǹҵʿ˱Ƿǳ顣
˲á
ɽһձˡ
һֱĽйĻһǰйҪ˺ܶʫ˺˵Ĺôġ
ʧǳʧ
ҵˣȫͬİһ㾫ûУؤ׷ҪǮˣֱŷֺûһ
ĻˣأͿҵˣһױȵԽС
Ⱦ֣ձһŭμУ⼸죬һֱдЩɶ֧ˡ
ʱͻȻ֪ԭԼĹңΪһֱڰңǡң
ɽμˡ
ɽһģкܶˡ
ȥԭɡ
ԭԴǵرʾûǣ֧ǣ
ʱ֧ʿڰ֮УɱǵʿЩʿ֮£Żᶯ֣


ܰ˵ɰˣԭȻҲܰɱ˵
ǳսǧˣվٶˡ
ո˵ɽˣְߣ̾ˣЩȥӢҵ鷳
ͬһʱ䣬ӢȴҵϺϵˡ


141 
ڹŴ, Ϊ߻ȥɸְ, Ϻ߾һպĻ˰ɡ
ɵ˲ѻƬ⡢ĳԺֻҪ׬Ǯ, ûвġ
˵Ϻ֮ܵһˣһЩ, ǲ⣬Ҳû취úʵʩġ
ɵͷˣܵ
ϻӢʱ, Ҳǲҵġ
˵ҵϺ˭֪ʢƽԼĳӴӺܿأȥ, ⲻвô
οȻеƢ, ΪǺദˡ
٣Ϻ̲˵һｭ´ͶԻӢͦкøеġ
ûӢθڡ
´ʮֵ꣬׳, õӢϢ֮ԳӭӣͻӢƽ۽
˺ѹʵؿ佱ǻȮӣ⼸, ĺл˧ķ緶
´ϲɾȱ, ԼĹһǰģڱֽϿ˳ɱϢ֮ձˣѾȫû˺øС
֪ӢӦҪæԸձˣܾ
ҲЩձһѵ
ˡӢ˶Ȧ˵ֱԵҽҽ뽭æ
ҪԸЩձˣ´ʡ
ҲǡӢϣ˿ŵЩձˣҪлɱߵˣ⣬һн˸һϷ
ʲôϷ´ʡ
뽭ȥϣ±༭Ӣըҵĳӡ
ձˣ´ʡ
ӢǵģձӦúˣ϶ҪԸңҾͰŪһġ
Ǹ̰⡣
̰ΪһǳҽЩ˵Ĺϵһֱܺá
ЩӢˣûԸ̰ȴǺġ
˭֪̰ҽã侫ָͨ죬ǾҪø̰ˣ£Ȼܵ︵̰Ҫá
Ϊ̰ܴЩõܶ鱨
ŷǿձӡԽԽ¸̰һ
ŷǿձӡһЩ
оǡ̰мϺҪһ衣
Ҫ·ЬһࡣЩӢĹǿģٶȿе
⼸˿ϻӢĹǴȥձձϺͣ
̰Ҫӡ
ˣǾ͸Ҫ취Ĩձˡ
ȻˣܻòҲùڵͬӢ
̰ε¼ѻӢӢۣһԺӢʲô鶼㡣
Լõģ¶Ӣ˽´
ε飬ǻͽ´гں
Ĳ˵˽´Ͱȫܶˡ
´ͻӢģһڴӦ
Ӣͽ´֮󣬻ڽ´
ٷĹǳߣϯܶʳǷǳټģ´Ĵ̣ǼʮԪһļƷɫ
Ӣͽ´ʱѾ뿪¿༭˼ҡ
ûȥӢǱߡ
ѾԼģòˡŻٻܰ鴦á
²Ƕڹ¶ԺǱߣûˣϾԼԣԹ֮˷䣬˯ˡ
˯ǰٲ̰ϧ̰ȥ˺ݻû
˯磬ڶø磬֮󣬾ȥʢǱߡ
һ·Щ̶ûţ˺ʢѾڳˡ
ԪΪһµǮȻǳԲġǵͣԵ൱ʵݡ
һİ׷Ѽ̲ˣЩļ۸񶼲ζҲ
˵θڷǳã³һ룬Ȼʢһ룬Եر졣
ʢԡ
ʢǰ̵̲һӣҪһ㡣
֪ʢеʳΪû뵽ʢԴڳԷڳԲˣȻԵú㡣
ԣθڲ
ʢԿһۣеΣҪǸһһüСʱ϶Ҳһθںá
ʢԸոŻʱֻԼҪڵûˣһЩ죬ȻӦˡ
ǳԵԽԽ࣬ΪԺɹˡ
ʢԾãԼȫѻƬȥ˶ϲˡҪΪһɫķͰˣ
ɡӲ
Ҳ֪ǲǴѻƬˣҲûôˡ
ʢôã춼ˣ϶Ҫ
ʱʢ飬ͰԼ֪ȫ˵ˡȻˣû˵ֽЩµĲɷø壬ʵдġ
Ǽձ˺ļˣķǳʢԵٹϵãܴڵΣ
ӦùòΪ˱ǣǲñ֪ǵġ
ӦʢԵһձˣ˵Ҫдƪһձˡ
û˵еݣ˵ˡ
һ룬Ϣһ£ͬʱҲл˳ȥϵıֽÿһݡ
֮ǰʱ򣬴Ϊ̫磬ûпֽıͯ
ȥֽģʦܡ
һѵıֽ걨
걨ⱨֽȻʱǳ˵ҲЩʱ򣬻Ϊ嶷
֮ǰ죬һֱаձ˵¡
죬걨һƪ¶ûУǿ˸ʿ˳ɱ£ͷϣӢд֤ʵɱڵ¡
Ľζģǳʹ졣
ʱʦͻȻֽʱ˵һϢ
ʲôϢʡ
ϣ±ı༭ˡʦܵ飬ûмϺ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
˼䣬˵֮󣬱ٶ飬Ҫȥ
ţ̾ϣ±༭ȥ
ǽ˻ưģһ·ϣǻưҲ˵һЩձ˸ɵģҾ֪ǲʲôˣ
ͬ侲֮ȴá²ձġ
ЩձˣӦòȥŵ飿
ôţͻȻһը
һֱţѾܴˣҲûرҲݺύļֶѡ
⼸֣ǹϵϺȫĵطˣȻ˱ը
ȥըĵطǱӦǳ¡˵еΣգΧӦǿԵġ
ûưԼȥԸ⣬ֻܸǮǱߡ
Ȼû߽һЩ顣
ٵĳӱըˣ
Ҳ֪û飡
һЩձ˸ɵģ̫ˣ

лҪ˵
˵Ǹĺˡ
ʱϺڰͷӻƽٺţʯΪʦ
Ȼϵ¬Ķ¬ΣΪƽìܣֱӾͰ˻ƽ١
ȥ飬ӣŰѻƽ˻


142 һߵ
ӢĳӱըˣӢû飿
üͷ, 첽ǰȥתһ, ͿԶһҿȵſ, ӢѪԴ˷վһըѵԱߣΧ, Χ˺ܶˡ
״һȻһɡ
Ӣ״̬ãӦûд󰭡
ȻӢû£ҲûйȥʵҲȥӢµΧŲ˵, ΪܿΧ£, лмߺˡ
վڲԶ, ĿͻӢ·ߣת뿪ȥϣ±༭
ϣ±༭ѾҵһƬǽ壬, ѲѾΧ
һʼ֪ϣ±༭ҵϢʱ򣬻ǻӢԼ֣Ϊ˼޻ձˣȴȷˡ
ղŵ, Ӣˣ
ʵձ˻пȥ顣
ʱ, йһֱţؾͱ޷ʲôϡ档
룬ȥκͤ
κͤĴѧѾòˣ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ȥʱڣˣ֪ȥǱߡ
ȥס
Ϻʱסκͤ˶ϺҲ˷ӣסڱˡ
ʱͨ㣬Ǵ㶨ٲˣȻһ˲򷿣Ͼһ뿪ⷿӾͲôˡ
סϾϺ飬ʱǺѵġ
һϼзӣϺ߾ֻⷿסķӱסҪһ㣬Ϊ˶࣬סŲ
ȥʱκͤһЩˣۼҳԷ˵ľǻӢձìܵ飬˳ɱ顣
ҲеκͤҲ˽ȥΪ۵˶ܼû˸ѣҲκͤߡ
ҾãҲӦ֯һУ
Ӧգջ
Ҵȥһ˱Ҫ˶֪£
ӦýЩܺ߶֯

Щһһ˵࣬Ҳᵽϣ±༭ңлӢϮ顣
ʵ̫񣡡
û뵽ǾȻô޷죡
Ҫȥдһƪ£һЩձˣ

һһ̣߳ŪģѾóֽд
ЩһǳЩ֪˵Щʲôźá
ڽһ㶼ۣκͤû
ۿܺд˿ձ˵µκͤöдƪµ㡣
дã˵˳ɱܺߵɷø壬òҲдİɣ
κͤµؿ
УҪҪһд
Щ۵ӣ޲øһܵʱˡ
Ǹʮͷˣһ͵ϢձڻٵĹͶץ˸߲񣡡
˷׷ȥʣ֪죬ȥٵĹɷõʱ򣬾ձ˻˽ȥ
Ȼ󣬳ЩڲɷùĹˣձ˾ȻľͶ
ٵĹܵ÷ǳϸ񣬳ĹǴͳһƷģ˹Ҫ֣̾ͱץˣ˵ץ֮󣬴ҲŷԳǴձѧѧȻǸձˣѾŤ͵Ѳȥˣ
˸ˡ
κͤҲҺûٵĹܵϸȻҪ£
˵ͷ
ӢΪҪڹùصԵʣܵܲ͸ģע⻷ûг£ȻһСģٵĹĹ˾Ҫˣ
˵õϢʱ򣬻ӢѾһõϢˡ
Ӣûˡ
ը´֮ըģ˵ըˣһ˶ûУȻûˡ
ʱʹԱߵĿȹ鷢֮󣬳Լͷϵ˵㼦ѪװըˣҲûɡ
ˡ֮ͻ˼Уˡҽͷϰűոյ֪ĹͶ顣
ӢˣЩձ˾ȻĶ֣
֮ǰ̰˵ձ˿ܻ֣Ƶһҵʱ򣬻ӢȻˣʵձ˸
Ȼձ˻ľˣ
̰ڻӢ￴鱨Կ˻ӢһۣǶˣʲô
⵹ҲǡӢ˵ˣյ̰ߣһ鱨
ţ˵ǽ´һ˹Ӣ
ʲôˣӢµʵ˵´ڵкܶոǿˣӢͦϣ´Լһֵġ
Ǹʮ߰òŮӣ˵͸ġµĵ
棿Ӣһ㶣ͻȻ뵽ıֽϣձϲŰŮӵı
ȥģ˸ͻȥӢŭˡ
һֱڹ⣬ŷСģвмһֱŮӴҲûŮˡȻ˹ߵ˺ܶϲŮˣЩϣЩõģҪȥ壬ƫûй򡭡
Ů˵嶼ûȻͱһϲŰŮ˵ĺڹ
ձˣ
̰Ӣ̲סЦ
һֱܲ£ʵϡԼ¶û㶨
磬һعȢµŮӶˡ
һ췢˺ܶ飬˵ڶ죬ֽϾ͸ˡ
ϣ±༭ҡӢϮӢͶ飬ȫǵ˱ֽϣͬʱֽϻ˻Ӣ¶Ժ顣
ӢĹˣй¶ԺĺӣԻӢж£һƬ߽ЩϸĿ˱ֽϡ
һ죬ֽϼȫǶԻӢϢûһԻӢϢ
ִƼΣ϶ıһʱͨջû뷨
Ǿ;ã٣Ǹˡ
ҶͣؿŻӢ
˵ϣôƲЩ¶ˣԭǱˣ
Ǹˣ
˵Ϊɱ˵˳ձըˣ
Щձ治Ƕ
ϣٲҪ¡

ͨպܺúŪرױϺĶʿûôűֽϵˡ
֮вˣûӢϷ
ǡӢֵµŤ͵ѲǸͶˣȻձˣǻͨˣһձϺ鱨磡
ģ£Ҳģ
Ѳ˶ǻˣкܶ˻ֱǽ´£˺ܶձȥƿӢ˿Щʱŭˡ
ЩձôҪԸӢ̽ǣ
ǾǱսסֽţϺĿȨ
ռɽϺˣ

ЩԽԽôһ¡
ƫƫΪڵս̫ǹ˲ߣ
ңձǵͬ˹ǲܸձ˺Ƥ
ȴҲձҵ鷳
ЩȥձƷˣй򣡡
ߵϣͶཨ
ֻҪǮҵʲô
Ӧ֧һ»Ӣ

ԭȣŷǲԸйչġ
ϾйҪǷչˣûôùˡ
ڡĳЩط΢һӦҲûϵй߰ġ
ձһҪСһ㡣
ôʱԭȴѾˣ˸£
ף£Ϊʲôᴦ˳
һСǲǻӢǰƺˣר˸ꣿ
Ȼļô¸鶼ãǵ鱨صôãôܱڳ
ԭ֪ϣ±༭һлӢϮǻӢԵݵġԭֻӢĹ°ӣӢĹһ֮󣬲ŸΪͶͶĻǲġ
Ҫڼ³ٽ֮Ҵ߱һжǻӢԵݣЩͬӢϻӢ
˾Ȼͱץˣ
ôܣ
ȥ˿ĹҵģЩ˻ľ㶵ģĹҸͶ˵ټ򵥲ô˻Ӣвͨˣ


143 ͻ
ӢסĴ, ²ùˡ
˻ĵ̺мһźƻȵ, ϵ, ֹ֯ġ
ôһſž͸ߵϣŵ, ȴǽӵĲȣм̳
̳һģһըģɢζ
ˣ´һ潴ըЦҾͺһڣ
´շҵʱ, һĸˣ˿롣ѧõ, , ȿȣŬԼװһʿ
ԽԽб£ȴҲʶԼϲЩ
ţкóԣҲûа׾, ôԸݸˮȡ
񣬽´ʱ򣬶ѾҪֺñˣЩָϡ, ӽ֮࣬Ҳ, ٲȥˣԼʲôʲô
ͷá
ӢҲǴôġ
ΪʲôҪܿӵձˣȫ˽´
˵ģ˵ձǸ鱨ƾӢԼǾԲ鲻ġ£ܶϺ˵ƨ飡
´Ͳһˡ
ϺĵͷߣϺʲô紵ݶձϺ鱨ͷˡ
֮ǰûҪܣϾôɵĲֹձˣڣбҪһܡ
ȷʵ㡣ӢҲͦϲؿζʳûӹȥʱԶûóԣε飬Ҫлˡ
Ӣ˵ţվָ´˾ơ
ٿˡ´ֿӢӲ¶֣١ˣ
УپΪȱƢŰġ
ǰ֡Ӣת˻⣺壬ҾãȲý庣ֻȵ׾ˡ
˵˵Ҫ´
´һֱϺס˸˵ĵضܶүҲͦῴˣӢǰЩһ
ģһͻȻҵļүб£Ҳеȱ㣬ϲƵԼļŮ
˭ǼûеֻǮ
٣絹ڲͬƵģǴӵײġ
´ԻӢеһˡ
ӢҲȷʵûôүӡ
Сʱûֳ˹ڹ⻹ԶԲϵϸǮˡ
ܴ򣬻Ǯ˾У֮󣬵ҲƴͷܵǺܴˣģͲˣʱڹ⣬ûٱ䡣
ðɣҲֻܣҲǱ˿ġ
Ӣͽ´̸
̸̸ţ´ͻȻ˵Ϻߣи٣Ϊͷߣ´ܲ鵽ձ鱨ȻҲܲ鵽ƺи١
ֻٺأҲ֪˭
ӢһҲֽ´֪Цһиͬͬĸĵܵܣ岻ãҲͲ¶棬𣬻뽭һ
˵´
´ڻӢססլԹ뿪ˣߵʱ򣬴ŻӢ͵
һƯĺܶٵĴɱͷ˶һ䡣
ȻĴɱʵֻǻӢĶһͷѡ
Ӣ˵ˣһɹĸɹɡ
ӢĹڻ׬ǮԺ׬ɽɽһɸɹɡǽ´棬ҲӢסˡ
ͬʱҲʶһ£Ǿλ٣ǴϺˡ
ԻӡܺãԺһҪ࿴ŵ㣬߶߶
´ߵʱܸˣӢҲͦˡ
Щ׬϶Ѿʼ׬ȥһɷֺ죬һ㲻ۡ
ⶫӢѾԹˡ
ս˵ˣܶʵʧѪģвڸȾ
֣˿ڸȾ
Щڴ̵ĹңһǳǳҪ֣
Ӣôһ룬ľ
صԼķȻͿԼĵܵæµš
̰ãЩܵһֱӵǹޱɡ
ߡ̰
ô죿ӢԾ
ҵҽԺҪˡ̰
ӢЩƣ㵱úõģô뵽ҽԺˣܵҪҽԺǱߣûպദˣҲûհˡ
ܶһЩҽֱ̰ӵ
ҽֻѧģҪʵ
ҽԺܶܶҽ
̰ȥʱšȥ˺ݡĸ̰
Դ֪̰Լ⣬Ǿûֿôá̾˿Ȼȥȡ˻ټš
һٵлмṩ˳ɱϢ˵ʱ򻹸ˡԴ˲е֡
óĶ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ָٻãиǿ֯
д˻ţ˻ٵơ֮ȥ̽ģ˵Լ˲͡ͼˡ
ʺ٣ɴ˻٣Ρ
Ȼˣ˵Ҳٲ˵ġ
ڶһ磬Ͱż˳ȥȻȥʢǱ䣬ȥ˽¿༭
⼸죬ƽѧѾѧ²ҲѧȥˣһڵĽ¿ѾУΪֽϵϢ̫̫ˣһҲû˹עˡ
һڵĽ¿Ӻˣġٿȫ顷ݡ
϶˾ʹһ£˳ɱȶȻûڽ¿ĵ͡
˽¿༭ͿԼֵµı༭Ҳ˵Ŵɱ飬
˵һЩȻǹȥˣԼҲ¥д㶫û¥̰ˡ
̰һֻһٱиӵķδӣһֻһƤ糾ͺƣ
̰ˣЩϲ
һˡ̰
˿̰ĴϵĶ֮ˣûлعң̰ӣӦһ»𳵾͹ˡ
š̰ЦŵͷʵûȥݣȥӢǱˡ
¥ϢңȥϢһ°ɡ
ãˡ̰˵ͷȷʵеۡ
⼸ֻҪдд¾УҪĶȴǳ࣬ѹû˯á
¿༭¥רŵϢҵģﻹ˼齹Ϣ
֮ǰû˯
ν齣ĵͰĴ齣˯ˬ
ˮø̰ϴϴ˵ĸԣȻʹȥ˯
̰Ҳƴǣ¾˯
⼸һֱ˯̫ãȻ˯úܺã˸ŹֵΡ
˸ˣһ˵Լţһ˵Լǹ¿Ĺ¶


144 
̰ۻ, ˯÷ǳá
᲻ýһֱȵҪ, ò˽, ̰̰
ȻͿ̰۾һ˫۾ãȻؿԼ
óˡ
̰, ԼĶͷš
̰֮ע⵽ϾȻӡ˼ӡӣѩ׵ƤϿ쳣ۡ
ͻȻ뵽ʱÿȻǳÿ, ˺ܱأ̰Ӧںߡ׻ǰסˡ
̰, ӡӡһ, Ȼȥ¶ԺԷ
̰˵ͷԼվһԼ·ʱ, һ̲
ȵģŸոպá
̰һů˲裬ֵȥ, 㻹вĸǴ
ʲôЦʡ
Ǹġ̰Լİóһ̵ķǳµӡ¸㻹ûӡ£Ҿסںݵʦһ
֪˭, ̰רǸǳĵʦ
ʱӡµôͦġӡõĲһǺöֺãϷʨӿ̵µգֵܶǮ
ҺϲֵðһȻ֮Žڴ̰лл㡣
̰ǹ
һȥ˹¶Ժ
ͷʱȻѾˣ컹š
˵¶Ժʱ򣬷Ѿ׼ĲˣڰЩӳԷ
¶ԺЩӻСҪι
ÿԷʱ䣬ЩӾͱƵΧΧƽһȦƽǰһ˲˵ķҨ˷һιȥ
ЩŴ͵ͶιûһģԵĽζƽûԵģԷʱ򣬶Ѿúˡ
ƽι÷Էȥкϴһ֣ԳԷˣ
ˣӦһҪȥԷͻȻվſڵ͸̰ʦ磡ˣ
¶ԺſڣȻͿԼӺ͸̰վһ
ԴӶӸԼ˵ϲ£ṵ̂ˣʱ򿴵ƲϺÿ
Ц
Щû˼빤Ǹ˶ʲôġЩϲ£ҲͲˡ
ϲˣ治ʲô£ϾָʲôʱսͻȻ˾Ͷûˡ
ҲǾѾˣŻŸ̰
ҪȻ̰һʵڲø̰ί
ĸ̰֪飬Цк
šŸ̰¶е㽩ӲЦݣҽ̰𣿡
ûС̰ͬʱЩɻ
Ѿǵһμˣ֮ǰμ̬һֱ飬ƺǳƺġҽôͱˣ
С̰ǲģϲˡ
Ǿһ԰ɡ´һ̰
̰Щ֣ڵЦЦԼóز͸񣺡ĸǰȥ˺ݣͲ˵ز
ǻںҲ˵ģȻûȥݣص˴ӺݴЩ
˸ӡ⣬һ㣬Ŀĸ˿
˿ɫ˻ǷǳµĶҲʺ²á
ӹ͸²񣺡Ѷպá
Ŷ²ӹյʱΪϲؿ˿Ǽ˿
ȥ궬ʱͦҪһ˿ģϧ᲻ûǮ򣬽궬ˣ
ֵͦġ²񲻽ؿ񡣰ǲյģˣҲһлôŸ̰һллûУ
̰²һ֡
ֹĸоǰʼԷ֮󣬾ԽԽǿˡ
̰ˣԷʱʡ
ʮ̰ҵ꣬ҽʱ仹Ϊ֮ǰŻ˺ܶ顣
ˣﶼʲôˣʡ
̰ɽˡ汲Ѿȥĸڣһܵܣһáһֱô߱˵ģҲͻȻĿڡ
㸸ĸʲôģʡ
Ҹʳġ̰
ڿҽԺû¿գ
ûС

Ͳڹ¶Ժ߳ˣǼŹ¶ԺʿһϳԣҺҲһԣһϣһңֵ̰ܣй䷹ʢԺ
Ӷ⣬ʢԵ̣ô⣬Ůһ
һ㶣ͣ²ˣ̰ȴһ
Ҳ͸ʲôŮҸʦô󣡡
ʢǻǿЦģ˵ʶ²ҲһԷµʧˡ
ʢŮʱ²еɬģֻתߣܿ뵽Լĸ˵һЩûߡ
û֮󡭡˵䣬ʵҲûʲô
²̬ȣʢЩԾãڲͬ
ֱ극һֱû˵
ԹҲк̰ȥЩϿˣҲˡ
ҲŸ̰ڰ칫͵һ˵˵顣
ĸôˣ̰и²⣬ʵڲҿ϶
û£һʱ䲻̫ܽ顣ֱӵ
²棬̰Զ˶
θ飬ЩļƵģõҲǼٵģǻضԴЩΡ
ϲģҲѾֻҪûܽܵʱ򣬾һֱȥڣͻȻԼе㲻
ȻԸ̰ôˣҲûΪѸ̰ϻؼҵ飬²͸ߵǰ棬͸̰ں˵˵
̰״ͦӵġ
Ǹܺõĸס
ϻؼ֮󣬸̰ȥ˻Ӣ
ӢͷϼģĹɴ˺ɫǳã̰̰ңҰæ׶ľװ
һҪ⣬ҲҪй̰װӦֻһͷӣӦûиĵӡ
ȻѾȥйˡӢйЩֽ꣬Ƕ飬ʵǸȷľЩкЩɹµġ
Ǿͺá̰尲
е鶼ã̰ͻȻ磬Һ飬һߴ磬ʹڸ˵˵ֻҪ׽ˣĸҲûˡ
лҪ˵
̰һܰҡ
̰һܰҡ


145 
Ӣڳ֮δ, ͻȻԼĵܵô˵ʱһ̰, ˣһһӣ
ͦ, ԼĵܵѡôĻúҲûɶ߰ĸ龭ͦãԼĵܵô˵Ǵ㶨ˣ
ӢͻȻе㲻ζ
ˡֻ̰Ҫң뿪, һһֱһ𡣡
Ӣע⵽Լĵܵô˵ʱ˸Źâ˻ͺܶࡣ
ܵܶǰʶԼ֮󣬾ԽԽˡѾܶû￴Ĺâ
Ͼ͸ͷдšӢ
д, 㳭һС̰ĸײʲôƢ, ֪Ĵ, »ȥ鷳
ԣֻ˵Լϲ¡Ҫô˵
ҪдʲôӢʣͷдЩܵԸдٺò
̰óһֽ, һӣͷӣҴϺȥˣ˻мҪ֪һ̰ϲˡ
̰ëд֣д֮, պñʵɡ
УӢ, һдģһģһ
Ѿˣ̰д뿪ˣȸ̰ˣӢŸ̰дֽȴûųдǼ˵㶫ͷӣҴϺȥˣ˻мҪ֪һҺ̰ϲˣǲŮ˽飬ˣ
ȸ̰һ꣬Ѿʮģǰعʼĸһֱڱ顣
һ㶼顣
һֱǵԼĸôģڹ⣬ĸ׳˿ޣûʲô顭Խ飬ʵûʲôȤ
֮£׬Ǯ˼
ȻˣôдҪΪֵܷܵѹ
յôһţͷӿ϶
ӢۺãŽŷ⣬Ȼ˰Ŵȥ
ȻˣЩ˴ȥģɲţĹһЩԼϰٱĽ¿
ϱҵ϶Ҫ֧һµġ
Ӣ˯úڶһȴȻͷϸϸذñȥ˸ֵһҴƵꡣ
ҾƵǸսɲõϺõľƵ꣬ͨ˵ˮ˵гˮͰһʩﻹ˵̺
Ӣĳ䣬ҪװӢˡ
ӢӢģĹˮƽࡣЩƧ϶ʶ˵ȴ˵ĺܺá
ŻӢһģϣ±ܱ磬ӢĹĶܺò˵ͨģҲǸ˲ˡ
ӢûԼӢ
ӢԸĻԼзȵģټһӢķǳ׵õ˵ĺøС׮̸ķǳ˳
ǡ׬˶Ǯ
ЩӢҪëװֱůĹڻëءǰڹûҪһǮ
·飬ѾüĿˣԺ˻ëһԴ׬׬
ĶСģӢֱǩԼȻȥԼĹ
֮ǰȥձʱ򣬻ձǱߣһЩбĹ˻
ʱձײյʵǹҵ˺ö٣ڸ㹻֮Ըй˻еġ
ǲסڻӢĹǱӢ˱𴦣Ѿ½½ΪӢһЩ򵥵Ļˡ
Ӣ跨ëصĻȻȥйȥëϡ
ӢȻģϺЩձˣһȴòС
ԴӼսʤǾͲйˡ
ȥйǩ˶ʮһռɽ֮йǳһʱܳԵĲˡ
³˸ôԸưոݣ
ԭϵ˹ڣһҪ֧һЩѵ
ʱ˳ɱ飬ԽԽ֪ˡ

ϺúԶ𳵵˾Ҫö죬ҲҪʮܼĵ
Ȼˣ˸ĵ籨籨ǳͨ˳صĴ£Ȼǲõ籨ġ
Ϻ߻Ӣձͻ飬ĳЩ˵һʱ֪ˣ˳ɱ飬Ҳ֪
ΪûԵʣˣʵ֪¡
ǱߵıֽҲΪкԵʣûп¡
ںϾȵصıֽϵµʱ򣬱߻ǳƽ
ѧ
ʱıѧȫõѧУɵĺܶʿǱѧġ
һЩѧڶ
ţ˵ϴϣ±Ѿȥһˣµϣ±ǲǾҪˣ
ӦǵġҺϲȾ£Ȳ뿴ġ
ⲿС˵ߣмձƫҾ飬ǲȥ
ձռҹطƫ

ͻȻ˵ҵ֪һϢҲ֪Ǽ١
ʲôϢʡ
˵ձ˳һɱ˵
Χԣ׷׷
ĶԻںܶطˡ
ߵһʼҪûӢձ˺ͽģϧûɹȺع˳ɱձ˵ı£û
ϧЩϢѹѹסġ
ߣҲ³¿Ϊ׬ǮΪ˸ԭĿ
ǰգǲû֤ʵ˳ɱĴڣҺҿǣѾȷˡ
ұ绹һܿͬʱ˳ɱ
ͷԽԽı翪ʼǸɱйصţ˿һЩʵϢ˵Ӣձ˱ѾΣ֮ࡣ
ĻΪŨĵطѧӷǳ֮࣬ܶںպ˻ߴʦʱסڱв˻ڱ֮Ĵѧν̡
֪ϢЩһƬȻ
ͬʱɽźܶϣ±˱
ϺǱһڵϣ±֮󣬲ɽ̾ˡ
ϲյ籨ѹͲ֪ϺǱˡ
ֻ֪ͱΧסȻϵϣ±һգЩ˸߼ۡ
Ѿ֪ˣϺǱµԴͷǡȾⱾ飬Ȿ飬ϣ±Ͽǵġ
ˣǿ϶Ҫ
֮󡭡ܶ˶ɣǻٵˣдȾƪ£Ϊ֪ձǹҷµУ
Һͻ٣ڱ롣
ѧסѧڿϣ±
ܶˣáȾдʹ죬ѧȴǳ
ǶʮǰģЩѧ˵Ѿ֯ΣѧӵѾȥôãӢƫҪڳҲ֪ʲô˼
Ϊ˻ȡ裿ͮս˵ģձɱˣ϶ԭģһ浹عձˣ
ձǱߺܲˣʱ˵ҪǸ⳥ЩôͲܰһ㣿ѧ̾
ѧӶԻӢͦģ֮ѧǱѾȥϺˣҵʱһ£Źȥһˡ


146 ͮ
ҪȥϺȥʲôͮЦʵ, һȴ
ĶŮϺ
ͮѧһʱ, ֪ѧϼҡ
ʱû, Ͼѧ˵ӴֲʶһǸŮ, ŮˣǱȲԼģ䲻ѧ
ѧһˣǸŮȻ͸ʶȤλ͡
, ѧձ飬ѧ˶Ů
, ѧ, ĺӻ¼ҡ
ǵãȥʱȫûôŮ˵µģϾѧһ, ȫϡ
¼ңѧĸµȻ񾴲裬˵檣
µ˵¼ҵĲƲ, Ҫ²ġ
ͷӽ²ӣȴĶӵ飡
Ҳ, µϸѧǮ
ʱ׳£ҪһǮ㣬ƫƫûǮˣ¼㡣
ȥձǸԼ׸һȥģʱһҶȥձǱס˺ܶꡣΪͬһҵԵʣĸʱһ˵ѧǼҳԷѧչˡ
ǼҶѧж¼ҸһǮӦõġ
ȻµԸ⡣
µõѧдŻؼҾȥ⣬м伸дŻҪǮΪǴТ
ʱѧµµôϸǮֻܺ뿪¼ҡ
Ϊʱûдãգĸ͵ܵҲһֱչĲãȲѧ
ˣһֱЩûѧǰ˵
˵ˣܼ𵱳Լĸ׿ԼӲԼµ飬ѧ²ӣҲԽԽ
µȥǴ¼ҵĵؽڳһԪ֮ѧԼ׵ĲǴﵽ˶㡣
Щ꣬һҵԣ
ѧĹߣÿҲһٸܲʲôǮ
µԸǮǻ¼ҲûǮ¼汲Ȼôӣ
ЩǮڱ෿Գ⣬ڱ˼̵ĹϣúܶϢ
ǶöñǮѾܿڱϼõˡ
ǮƫƫǻܲԹ
ڣʱ²СЩǮ׻ǵ
²²ѧ˱һȴ档
ԭĽѧӣŮѧļ̳ˣͻȻðĸҲͳЦ
ο²ˣĺܴ
ҪͷˣŮʲô
ڣѧҲ
˱֮󣬲˷Ӹס߹ϵȥõѧУ飬ѧԸɰ˸ˣߵʱֻǼٸԪ
⼸ٸԪҲǲģ²ǰĿ⣬ǳ
²˵һҪÿҪϳ¼ҡ
ãȵػݡ²ȥ֮ǵǱ¼˵ĿأϢˣʱһΪ֮ǰƣ
ǣѧǱߵ¼дţǲҪĸˣȥģһЩ
ҲˣԼֳˣĸ˸յݵʱǵǮ
ûǮû֧֣ûסͲĸ˵ӣܹúá
ٴûǮ࣬ʲôˡ
ȻȥϺͶ֮󣬾ûϢ
ˣҲûˣѧҪȥϺ
ͮԼɷ򣬵һ𰸡
ϺǱ°˼ѧֳ˽¿ôҪȥѧһһ¥
ѧҺһȥֻͮҪڣѧǣҲʲô顣
һȥˣ²ô죿ѧü
ѧͮһһŮ²ʮ꣬ڶŮ²£ʮ꣬С²ţֻꡣ
ӶѾСѧˣҪ˿ŵġ
üһȥǻûȥϺȥʶһҲáͮ
ҹȥҪģһȺʲôѧüȻͮŮǳأҲǲӵġ
żӣĻܰ£
ͮ⵹ҲǣС̫ˡ
ѧͷβûĸǡǡΪͮӵġ
Ϻ˵ܴ˵СȴҲСѧȥϺֽϿ϶Ҫǵģʱ²ˣ
²ʢѧʱûһŻѧӡԽԽԽԽϲ
ҪʶڣѧǵǸӣͱǰˡ
ͮǲԸ鷢չһġ
ڶ죬ͮĵܾܵѧæ
ֳͮ͵ܸܵѧĹϵܺãձʱͬѧ£ѧȻҪ°æġ
ʱߵˣʼջˡ
̵ܶſڣˡóı־һЩ˽ԼձյȲʡ
మʿһ𣬾ȥɽзնŪ潹ͷöġ
ѧܽһģǡľЩѧҲæʼ跨ѧ
ʱѧȥϺˡ
ȥϺȴȥϺ
ձΪϺġѧҪȥһǸµңҲ¥
оǣôܵϺǱߡȥϺ֮ܲϺĽ磬ܵõһ
⣬¿õıҲӣԼ彫֮ƹ㿪
һˣмôġ
ôţѧŬذ𱱾µ
Ȼˣôʱǲұ¶յĹ۵ġһֱ˺ձΪɣȰЩѧ
ѧڱæͣʱϺߣҲʼջˡ
֮ǰձռɽϺͨգʵηŭҲû˲ջһֱʲôʲô
һ׮׮ֳȴҲձǸձձ
ձ˵⣬ʱˣȥҪȥһ
1914꣬Ҳǰ꣬ΪܷչҵڼϳɽƷչᣬʱɽһҵǳ٣ó׶ﵽǧҡ
ȥ꣬ձȡ¹ռɽ֮󣬹ǱΪ˿ձֶɽȨ棬ջĻɽȥó׶ܶࡣ
ⲢӰձ˼⡭˽꣬Ҳ16꣬ó׶ֻˡ
ͬʱɽסձˣҲԽԽࡣ
ʮǰסൺձֻһٶൺѾнһǧձˣ⼮˿ȴֻٸа֮ǰռൺĵ¹ˡ
ձൺɽڵأʼɽȵطѻƬ
ԭʷļڴ̣ձɽ˺ܶ๤ൺȵؽó׶һ·ﵽǧ
ȻˣҲ˹ڰʿĲ˶ʵɽġ
˶֮ǰҲѾйܶķ˶
ȥ꣬ɽѧѾ֯ȫһѧ֯зնٹһսɽԷɹԸǰ裬ϧڰͻϣйսʤɽȴǿָձ
޹ùڵѧչ˺ҵ˶
ڳܲסԹڸѹ1922긶5445Ԫൺ·ȨɽΪ̲⿪š
ϧǣൺԼ·˻ɽձȴ޼վɽ̡ǵľҲվйĸۿǻ
Ǳ𣬻ǷչĸˣӲձǰĹңҲǶй졣
ʮվȫֻսδʼʱձɱɽϲҰڼϲҰУйڱɱһǧˣ˺ͱǧˡ
̾ǣˣʱĳЩΪԼ滹׽ձˣձ˺ңкܶһİͽձˣΪձռй֮󵱴١
뵽Ще⡣
дˣȻˣ¥ıд
ģ϶Щձˡ
ϺĻڻӢͽ´˵£Ȼȥˣ
ˣԭŷҪһЩҲйˣ
һдӴΧֻС£ٳɶ࣬ɵĺȴձһЩգйһЩչ
лҪ˵
ܶطҼܿˣΪ˱гдĵʱرעһ㣬ûԭ͵ġ
ᵽһЩ¼ĻʵģձɽЩϣġ
ʷûѧãЩд֮ϲ֪ģĺ𾪡
*****
԰ٶȰٿƣ
ϲҰֳҰʮ꣨1928꣩ ʯ쵼бսձ嵣йһͳһͲձԣǽӱսĽС19285£ձԱΪɱפϡൺ·ߣ׼ֹı
һտ˸Ϻվɱйɽ𣬽Ա̹ʱȥǣȻǹɱְԱȫɱפءڼϳɱ˰йڱɱߣһǧˣ߶ǧˣǧˡͬʱվڼϴضϽͨ·ǿռߵء


147 
ԭܵձڵѵ⡣
ձ, 񻯳Ѵ̡
, ʱġձ, ֻҪЩӣй⣬һܺ
ϾֱƵ, ѾǵһηˣȻʱó׻Ӱ죬Щӣй˿϶ǣ
Ȼ, ǻҪȡһʩġ
ԭ´һ֪˽´ͻӢһ顣
ΪϺչ, Ǹ´һЩ, û뵽ھȻԣ
֧İǣ
Ϻĵϣ´Ƶڶû˸ҳƵһ˽´, ˵ҲܴǿȥӴһ¡
Ӣ˲ܶ̾ɽǶĸף˵ɽ
һҪһѵ
Ҫ, ҪӢȹҹĻӡ󡣡
ûӢõӢĶ

Ϻձ˿һ飬ܶ
Ϻ, ԶȲϺľڵɽɽͲһ̫ɽ
ǲҶԻӢ֡
ȴҲܷŹӢ
ӢЩҡ
ԭйƷԭȫԼļ۸񣬿Ӣȹ
û취ġ
й٣ܶණǹڼ۸ķƷҲ´ɱ´֮࣬йȻ߼ۣӢȹѹͲȱЩ
ŷ޵֮ҪȥǵĹң·ѾҪ࡭ҪԼڴ̣ܶ๤ǰߣƷȱձѶ͸ǣҲҪ
ڵͼЩƷõӢ˵Щø֮ԭһȥչëëصԭϣһȥȡӢĶ
һУͿļҵףһЩˣҲóǮ
ӢĹ
ֶ๤ˣһķʽһġˡĹ˹Ȼһû
ЩѾڹ˼µĹˣڹĽ֮£ԻӢж£Ǵ˹ʱ˼ҲЩĹˡ
ڣշǳ֮ã˶Ҳû˻͵ˣ
Ȼ٣ӢĹĲƷȴһһࡪЩ˳飬п˹ĹȫΪ˹
ͬʱĲƷҲӦ
һǹڵг̫ˣΪڵջӢַͷʢ
ԴӻӢĹϹֽϺİվͶԻӢġʤСøС
˵ʤСרȥЩֵĵطй˺ܶˣһУǿ϶Ҫֵ֧ģ
죬ʤеſڣ;£˺ܶˣǻϵׯƱҪӻӢ
ǺɫЬȻһ㶼©ˮ̫ˣ
ЩŦ۶ྫ°
Щôϸ壡
УﾹȻȾԴŷ޿ʼ̣Ⱦϵļ۸ͲͣȾϣһ㶼ȽȾϲ
Ӣڣÿţˡ
Ȼˣš
ȻѾȥ˺ܶ죬ӢûԼͷϵɴȥôһͷɴԼĹԼĹԱ
νԱġ
ܵÿдţҺܶ⣬ЩشȴҲЩش𣬶еĻشܵܶΪԡ
Ͼ˵һУĺе
ӢãһһбѧʶԨˣԷѡԼ϶ΪԼˣһҪúñ֣ʧ
˵ˣʿǹˣҪŬѧ֪ʶǵ˼빤ӢΪȻ
ȻôǰҪͶ룬ʿ͹ˣĸǰʿ͹˲һ
ǰײĹձʲô֪ڣĹĹ˶Թڹָƣһߵ棬ܱһĻˣ
ԼȻб£
幤ҵ𣡡
Ŭϳձ
Ҽңܺҵļң

﹤̫࣬Ӣǰ˵ģͱһЩںš
һ䣬ǰ˺һ䣬ȻˣҲܸźˣ
ôһЩ˵ͶӢ״ǳ⣬ȥԼȴǻλƵԼİ칫Ҹȥ
ֻҪ뵽칫ﻹкܶҪͲǺȥ
Ӣ̾һ
ߵԼİ칫ſڣ٣ˡ
ʲôˣӢüͷһ壬ʵ
٣ձ˽Ϻëصԭȫˣ֮ǰ̸õһë⣬Ҳȥ˵ǻڽӴǼǩ˶Ӣˡ
ëʱһʱ˵ӣڹǺټġ
ӢӺϲڵ֪ŷҴë֮󣬸áҪ
˵ܰӸŪ
ڵֺӷף϶ǱȲشºÿůģֻҪúһܽӵļ۸غܸߣ׬һʡ
ˣʲôɫëӶ˵չë
ڣձ˾Ȼ
ӢЦ
ҵ̡֧Ӣֵ̣ùһڣȻ͵ȾѾӡ˰ɣʱʼˡ
ȡȾȥҲóˡ
ڣӢȹˣҪˡ
Ӣձ˲ͣعеʱȴǽƪáд£֣
⼸ƪ£зձĴģоᵽձҪռɽ֡
⣬йȰղҪΪҪΪձȥԼͬ¡
һֱϲձձĲƷ㲻ʲô
ǿѡջջ֮Ϊȴȡ
һЩΪŭһЩձ̵ЩյջûбҪġ
ձŷȵصƷҪˣ֮ǰܻӭ̵ܶ궼ձ޿ɺǡ
ڱǽϵձյǻ˼һҵơ
оǡʱܶڲƷʵûа취ģձڵģҪŷڵģŷ˵ʵҲߣûʲô
Ȼˣ޳ɲձĸõƷģ⣬ǻӦŬչԼĹҵȡջõĶ
ɽʽдĺܺãԿ³¿ϣ⼸ƪǲ̫ʺ־ġ֣󿴹֮󣬶
֣ܲͶ壿ʣף̫֪
Ȼԡ֣ӦʣóдС˵ҪҪȥдһƪѧƵģձйصС˵
Ĵ㡣


148 ˼ǡ
д, ˼ǡѾдĲˣ㾡ᡣ
д˼ǡ, ΪЩĴ˵ĺӵı, Ϊ˼¼ʱ
ִʱ򣬿ܶʱڵ飬Щܶ඼дķǳ, нʱۻа״֮ϸдµġ
дġ˼ǡһƷ
ã˼ǡⲿ飬Ϊоʷ˵ıض顣
ڡ˼ǡ顭дһ˿ҵСү
֣վǰ˸ѡ
Ÿѣȥ˽¿༭
֪, Խ磬Ѿһˡ
һǰ, ʵ, һĽ죬ȴ˷ӣҲ˲Ǯ
Ȼˣһĺæ
ϱΪ岻Ե, һֱϧԼʱ䣬Ҳһһôʵ
¿༭, Ҷæš
ⲿ־ѾȱˣӻͦࡣЩͶͨ༭֮, úÿģͻѡͳһ
ὫЩһһʵ£ʵľ˻ȥЩʵдĺõģ㽨飬öԷȥͶ壬߸ɴȫдٳ顣
ܿ죬ûֻ֮Ķĵ£ֻһСʱͰⲿֹˡ
Ȼóֽʼд˼ǡĽβ
˼ǡĶ÷ǳʡ
ļڣѾ˶졣
ԽԽ䣬Ϊůһ㣬˯ڷ̴ȡů
ȥͰ
һΣǷһ˼ҵľ·
Ϊ˲ñ˼Լ··˿ü·ˣЩؤǽ·һգҲһСŮ˿ȹûҪ
ȹȻƯһ㶼ůΪ׺˿ĨСֲ̫ˣ
ôһȹӣǼ˵ȹӣˡ
·棬˵ŮӣȻԽһתɴϸز˿ȥ
и˿ϣһƯļױҲոպá

ִĻ˵ǸˣȻһֱˣȻŬˣټѣҲϣŬԼøá
ڱΪ࣬ʰӵʱԼסŶԱ˻֡
ڱ˾ⱲӾˣûججʱѧдϵ֡
ֹһεԼ˵ܸɻԸɻϣܸһ
Ȼ̫СˣӪûʲôѹûҪҪܳסģиͱȽϴܸɻҾڸ֪֪׵ѧͽҲֻҪܳסѡ
죬øѡ
ֶֻʣ°ͷʱ򣬻һСҪĺӡͷӣִӣһֻƹһȡůϷԼԶȵƤë̺ӡ
ֹۣͶǵסġ
죬˴ѩֻܴԼĵܵܺʹƹһ
ڶ죬˿˴ǣѲˡ
ǻûΪԷʬģŬſԼӲ˵
֪ǻûԸɻ𣿡ʡ
Ը⡣̾͵
ԸɻĻеطǡ˵
һ¶ԺĺסһǳԵĲãܳԱҪɻٲñ
ԺչǣǣǳˣȥȻˣ¶ԺǣԺҲҪر¶Ժڹ¶Ժס˼꣬ҪѼĹʣͻ¶Ժ
ﲢɾȴǶȥϣ
µһ̫𣬴ѩڻˡ
أҲˡ
˼ǡдʽˡ
дĹ¶ԺԻӢƽ¶ԺΪԭ͵ġ
ӢĹ¶ԺһʼֶûУ˵Ȼ¶ԺƽѧԱߣиƽҽԺɴͽƽ¶ԺǾôһ֡
ڡ˼ǡд¶Ժʱû¶Ժд̫ãϾҪ¶ԺʵдָЩ˼ң˺ӡ
¶ԺҲ㲻ˡ
дˡ˼ǡûжȥд飬д˿йأҪд
һд˺֣ܶȻһѾϰд첲еᡣ
Լĸ첲̰ˡ
Դӵ֪Ѿ֪Ĺϵ̰ͿʼÿȻһȥ¶ԺǱ߳Է
ôȥ̬֮ԽԽȻٲһʼŸ̰Դͦġ
ĸ첲ˣ̰첲ʵ
ǰһ̫ˡЦࣿ
̰һ㶣漴Цá
˸ǰ첲
ǵõһοʱرݣһǳԵúúãû˶ڸ첲ϵⶼӲˡ
̰
ʲô̧̰ͷ
ҵѾˣҲࣿЦץס˸̰֡
͸̰ȷϵѾܾãȴûʲôʵʽչһǸ̰Щأ壬еСˡ
Ҫ£ʮ꣬ڶû꣡
˵ʱʮŮŮãΪԼ룬ǲҪ̫ٶ˵Ϊá
ԣʱֻǣǣֺˣúһҲ
ǰû
ôţץŸ̰֣ϸ
ֺ̰ݣָܳĲãЩֲڣϻһЩ̺߲ۡ˵ĲãӦǰɻܶŻڰ̺ۣЩġ
Щۡ
̰ȴЩӲô󣬻û˷ȥ֡
ϵӣĪرá
ֻϧ渵̰ûã¥ǱͻȻ
̰֣˱ʡ
ʢԡ
ʢ²޷ģţûٽӴѻƬǰѻƬˣˣ׳ˡ
мعʢң֪ûΪ̱ϳŵĸףֻ˵Ƚæûջؼҡ
Ȼˣ׻˵ѾǮŮٸǮ
ʢûõĸ׺̵ĲһȻɹʵӼá
ûʢһ¥ʡ
ˡȥԷԴӿʼŻ䣬θһһãθõʢԣʢÿٵķǰֹһ㲻ʳˣ
ôżǶˡ
һ¶ԺѾ÷ˡ
֮󣬵߲ԽԽ࣬ķͦʢ
׼ķˣٷʢҲֻǼҳˣɽҾͲһˡ
˧ҵķϣɫϡˡ
죬˧ͻ˧һؼҳԷӿɲþԼȫı
ջҵϣƽĳʳ߼ΪټзС
ʱзӾ⣬װһӡ
ϧ̲˲ܻ˧ϲ
˧רĳԿȳ⣬ЩµĲȡ
˧˧һУҲһֱ죬Щʽȣô˳з⣬ͼһӡ
Ȼ󲻹⻹зɽˡ
˧ͻ˧ɿسԱ㣬ʱ򣬻˧ſӣﻹðɣ
ǰЩӣ˧ͻ˧ȥ˱ջ
ͦõģˣ󽭡ӢһŻǸġ˵һҪܹЩʮˣӣ£
㶮ʲô˧һۣ˰
Ӣһֱиͨ籨ΪʲôҪдţ˧ֵͦġ


149 ˧
ҵĲ, ˻˧˧ˣл˧޶, ˧Щ̫̫û
˧ϻ, ΪʢƽʮͷȻΪԵȻ׳, ȴɱ͹˳
Ա㣬ԼĶӣ͵°Լӵˡ
˧󺣣ڸΪӹáӹָ, ȴΪ˧â¶, ΪӦעӹ֮
ֱͦ˱, һͦĿĿ⣬Ҳĺϵʱ, Ż͡
˵ƺǿŹˣʶصͷֱǡ
Ҳͻ˲, ڲӢţ뿴ǾȻҿƾʲô
˧Լһۣ㿴, 㿴ö𣿡
һ㶣ҿ
з飬ЩǴһ֦÷ǳʹˣֲǴһ˵·˾Եر̬
˧վһǱȻ˧Ƶġ
ǲʶֵġ
˧֮Ŭѧ֣ӹӢˣڹʱҲŬѧϰ˵ѧò縵̰ôãӢĹٶǿöġ
˧˵ġ
ˡڹڵʱʶ֣ڹǼ꣬ŶԸѧֱڣҲǸϹӢġ
ܵĶԼˣñ˶˧
˲˵ˣѿһӣˤˤȥһٷ˵鷳ôӵģӳԵ·϶ǽͣ
ٷǸͳŮԣҪΨΨŵŵӦ˧źȥҴĶһָˡ
ٷ˹ɵӦһźӾˡ
ʱ򣬻˧ϵţȻ󡭡һǳϵĻ˧齩סˡ
Ӣдʲôʣţɣ̰ȻҲҲ˽ˡ
˧顱֣͵վŭСӣ
Ӣôˣʡ
˧˵ԼӵĿ⣬ȴֱ͡
Ӣ˵̰ϲˣҪ顭Ҫ֪תͷͻȥҵЩݿһʱҪ˶ãɽˣͶ֪ˣ
˧ֻܵСϺǳˣ
ʲô£ϻȥģɲܹ㲻˵ӢͦбҲµ£ǻ£˶Ի˧Ķ̫֮ǣԻĺܡ
˧û˵ڻе㻺룬Լɫĳӣ󺣣ȥ鷿
˧ǲжǰֵģȴ˲ˡ
˧ͻӹһ鷿˧ϵֽһģŭǷᣡϴȥץ
ӢϺǱ߸ձ˶ϣֳ˧һ㲻ʲôãɣϾһֱձ˲˳ۡ
ӢҪϺ׬ǮҲǲԵģúúϺǱ߾ӪΪһ·Ҳͦ
ڣӢСӾȻ˵ϲˣ
˵̰Ҳϲˡ˧ֱӺˡ
̰⺢ӴС͹ԣĶĶãɻӢô˵Ϊ̰ˮԼٹһ㡣
֮ǧ϶ǻӢСӵĴ
˧ôӵ۵ģϲ˾ˣܲ飿ǲûˣ
ӹʱѾǷ
Լϲ£ӹһֱ֪ţ뷨ǸԼĸ׽Ȼͬ
ܻô˵϶ΪֵܷΪʲôҪôĪԼܣϲˣ
ӹüͷҲ֪Ǹôˣ䲻Լܡ
˶Լ˳ëˣȻ̰˧
ϢŭӹڣҪ롭öô졣
ô죿飡˧
ӹףôĻǺ˼ҹˡ
ʲô˼ҹ޸Ҷӣί˼ˣ˧
ͷжӹȥܼ޸ӣǸ
ӹҲ뵽Ҽ޸Ӣ²ûӢϲĳЩŮ˿Ҳί
飬϶Ͳί
ϾԷΪ졣
ӹ㲻ίǸҲί˶ܡ
㡭ǲ֪ˣ˧ضԼĳӡ
ӹ˵ͷ
ʲôʱ֪ģ˧ʣ˵أӢһôһֱϽ飬ԭë
ӹʵϲ˵̰ͻӢ϶Ҫ̰ġ
Ҫ̰ڻ֪ʲôӡʱڹ⣬ȥڣȥƴɱմ˶Ʒ
ӹŵڹʱҾ֪ˡ
ʱΪʲô˵
ΪʲôҪ˵ӹʡ
˧뵽Լûôܹ⼸ӣһʱҲû˵ˣ϶Ҳʲô˵ġ
Ǳƣﵽôǵģ
ﲻǡӹ
ĸףһТúñʱ򣬶ҲԹġ
ĸ״µʱʵǼǮؼҵģʱĸóǮͻӢʲôģǿ϶ˣĿܱ׽ӻؼҵʱʲô
֪кܶУΪ̫ìܣƫҪ뿪ң˰ܡ
ȳ󣬾͸˵ˣһӣȻ̰һ׬Ǯ
ӹվñֱʲô鶼ûС
ǻ˧еΣʱҲʧְˡ
ӣҪãһûˡ
˧Ȼ֪͸ҽӢëô£
ӹ򵥵ĺܣֻ˷飬Ů˵ʱС
˧
ףѾĲˣý
ĲˣҲҪ̰
ף˵滰Ҳӹ
ʲôʲôë˧ˡ
ûʲôëеŮˡӹʵҲûʲô˵ģҪǵǾ󣬿԰ҵĺӹ̸ǡ
˧ԼޱӣĪЩƣƫƫ޿κΡ
˧յ˻Ӣţܻʱ򣬻Ӣȴ緢ġ
ѡȾӡˢ飬
Ӣձ˵ìܣǡȾⱾģܶ˶ΪǱ˵ϣ±ٿⱾ飬ҲûӼдû뵽Ȼĵذˣڱֽϵ˹
ӡˢġȾһ飬ֻһëǮǳ㣡
Ӣձ˵ìֵ÷ǳšȾⱾ飬֪ҲԽԽ࣬ͻȻʼۡȥ
ѧȴôϲϡȾⱾġصһϼٱؼ


150 ΥԼ
ĳѧ
˵𣿡Ⱦˣ
ϣ±ϵġȾǻû𣿡
ѾˣѾʼۣ
ҲڱֽϿˡϾȥ򣡡
Һһȥ
ǰҲһ

ĳѧ
Ҹղȥʦİ칫, ʦ˵Ⱦˣ
ģһֱ뿴ģ
ô죿Ҫܻؼң
ȥʦ٣ȥһ, ˭Ҫ
ҪҲҪң

Ⱦ, ֲͦģѰβͬʱҪű˴Ⱦ, ͬʱʱʱģ˻ᱻȾϡ
ϸµдͽŵĽ࣬ö߾ԼĶקסˣΪ, 뿴
ﹺ򡶴ȾԽԽ࣬ڻֱʺܴ, ܹӡ, ٶ࣬Ҳõò
һȥˣһ屾֮ʹѧУ, ԼҲԼͬѧ
̫ÿˣ
Ҿͦµģ֮صذѼɨһ顣
Ҳ, ڰָ׼ĸɸɾġ
ҸĸһҪע
ԽԽ뿴
ͬѧ˵ţһ, ̫٣ںܶ˿
Ҹɣ飬ҷ׷ͬ
գһ˵ķǳ׼˱̨ʼ𡶴Ⱦûϣ±Ͽǹ
˶ú档
ⲿģɲֹƽѧѧ˵š
ʱİգǲʶֵģ塷μǡ֮Ĺ£ȴҲ֪⣬ǿϷԼ˵˵
Щ飬䡶μǡȫܶʵģ˵һԼ⣬÷˵
¥д飬д飬ȴô鷳˵ֻҪ÷Ҿˡ
ˣͶ˵ЩûǮ᲻ûǮݺȲ裬ڲͷŶ

˵˵һΣͣºȲʱǸҵЩձ˶Ǻöһܾǡ
ҲаⲡȥǹҲꡣ
ǾֻԼҵ˳ҩ˳ԣ

ţ˵һľľ˵
̾ͱͣ
ż˴Сݲǣˢˢĵӡ
оҩ˾˵ġ
滹ϸдҩ֮࣬ó߶ʵĺ˽⡣
Щڲ˵ˣֻᵽ΢ϸ֮רرߴϣĻ
Щ֪ʶ߸ɴѧҽˣȴҶǸѧʵҵġ
Ȼ֪Щ
ڣǿС˵ȥʵˡҲ֪ܲо
֪ǵ뷨һǲܡ
ϱдһƪС˵СϸΪдƪС˵صȥʵҴùصǸʱѧġ
ʱص˽˸ʵģԼһЩصʵ֪ʶдʱ򣬾ˡ
дֵķʵϵùصʵԯȫͬ
ҪС˵дȥоùءһӶо
ǲ֪Щġ
ҽĳЩ֪ʶĴʿҲҪȥʵ֮һ
ȥʵ֮ǰ˺ܶ飬Ļعڡ
һ飬ǾӦǹҵ˿
ȻˣԼҵˣܶĲã鲻һܿ
ȾⱾǰ벿֣ѾȫˣЩӣһὫݷáһڷⱾĴʿһҪȥһһ٣һҡҾⱾ飬棡
Ǹ⣡ҾⲿӦûᳩ
Ҳôãҵ̫ḻˣ
ǿԽһҲȥ

Щ۸ͣȻⱾ飬ܿ˵Ȧﴫˡ
ϺˣöģӢģǽõĸӳд˼飬Ȼʹ
ϧǣ벿ֻûãЩˣͿġǶȥѧˡ
ȾⱾ飬˺ö졣
һЩģὫⱾ¡飬ܲ
һЩջĵ̵ƹ񣬸ǿⱾԼҵĹ̨߱ǰġ
֮󣬱ЩôģٲҲᷭһǿ֮󡭡ûɶ鿴ܶôһˡ
һʱ䣬ֶ˺ܶߣϺضⱾ顣
ҪĶͺˣ
ڰⱾҲ֡Ҽдǲⶫ
ܺãǺ澹Ȼձ˾ˣҲʹ졣
ʲôòʹģձҪǾȣʹ죿
ﲻ˵Ҫʲô˵塣
ҪǵĹôͺˣ

۷׷׵ʱǰϣҲһȾ
ȾⱾԶǰдġѧ֮࣬ϧһǮò˵ҪԼǮ򡭡
ȻǸ˵ġ
̰ʱһ۾ͿϵġȾ
Ȿ㿴𣿡̰ʡ
ˡЦƼԼ飺̰ⱾһҪдĺܺá
ҿˡ̰Цȷʵһ飬Һϲ
̰ô˵ͻȻʣϲд飬д飿
̰㶣ȻġʵϲȾͱԼСˣ϶Ҫŵġ
Ц̰ʵ˵˵ϲҵ飬Ҹϲ㡣
̰ڵˣô˵
̰ԼбҪѧһѧô˵黰
ʱ򣬻ӢһյԼ׵ĵ籨
ܸ籨Щ籨ȫġ
籨ˡͷǮյûţ
ӢѹûЩ籨£ȥˡ
ձǹһ֮ԽԽ˳ڹںܶమʿæ
˵ձҪëϻëԭϣ̾˸һЩ
ӢԭǲôϲЩ캰ҪȹҪ˵ģ̫Ӱ׬ǮͻȻеɰ
ȾⱾ飬ǼӡһЩȻ͵ĳȥ
ǱǼӰѾ
ëؾװֻǸʼѣ

ӢԸֵµˡ
ѾŪëӵĻˣë֮ԭҲ˲٣ëؾ£϶ģʱϿе
٣ǸëؾװӢˣձߵúܽһüͷе㵣ģڣҪǵľװˣǵʽת
ΪװͶȥǮҪǸӢ˲Ҫˡ¶ŷ˵ģԼҵȥǻ᲻
û£ǲ᲻ҪӢЦ
Ӣ°õʱǸӢǩ˺Լ˶ӢˣѾҪӢˡ
ձԸ⽫ӢĶ𲹳Լ͵ļ۸һëؾװ£׻ѡձ
Ͼһˡ
ҪձҲӰձ⣬𣿸οձĲƷȷʵҪйĲƷá
Ҫ˵֮ǰǲйװġ
ԭɵǣ£Ӣ˸ձĳǩ˺Լ
ӢǩԼʱǸ˻Ӣģûи𣬷ձһʸӢĶͬĿĲ
ǩԼ飬㱣ܡԭɶԼǰӢ˵
ǰӢ˲˵ȥĻӢĹͻëؾװ
ʱӢٲҪӢͲˣ
ԭôһ룬̾ͱˡ
Ѿ⣬ҪһЩӢˣһδαӢʽתĹȻҲͿȥˡл˧˧ƵظǮ
ȻӢĹգչ˻ӢĹ
û⡣졣
죡ԭЦ۾
ӢյĶɲëؾװôһʵϣյһЩƤëġѥ֮Ķ
ԭ編ƣ֮ͬ˹
ôȴȥԭѾӢʱжôùˡ
ձ飬Ϻĵͷ߽´ٲһЩŻӢĹɷݣŻӢ׬ǮģҲҵ˻ӢûӢСġ
ģµġӢ
ĲֿѾѻ˺ܶ֡Ҳʱóˡ
ΥԼڵĹңҪЩ˸ҲΥԼ
ձǱߣѾߵĶĲƷˣͲ֪ܲȥ


151 β
ʱ, ҽȻѾصϵʵܲ졣
Ĳ˵, ˵ʮǰ, ǻĳЩҽ˶һЩ糡, Ʊ
׬ƱǮȸ˶׬Ǯˡ
ͬʱʱˣʷǳߣҽԼпûЩҽ߶ʱ򣬲СĻԼ, ȾϸȻ͸һˡ
˵, Ǹʱȥ, ȫڲǳǳʹ࣬ϾʱҩûУȫ̶Ų˵, Ҫְסֽš
廨ڡԺм䣬ҽԼƶǣԱ߻ʱʱֽкáҲˡ
ЩѾöˣڷϸĴ֮, ޾ʵҾ
Ľ, ΪȾĲɷǳ࣬⣬ϸĴȾʱҲǳࡣ
˵ѪȾɺȣһ̸֮ɫļڴʱŷޣЩͥкüɺȡ
ִʱ򿴹ͳᵽɺȣСӸȾˣһ
ڴʱйɺҲʱȻˣҽɺȽúΪߣȾ֮ʸߴٷ֮ʮ壬ͯʻߡ
һֲùġ
֪ʱҽжô󣬲ŻϣùһУ̰ͻӢͬ
Ӣڿ̰ٴ֮󣬾Ѿ֪ҩжôˡ
ڡȾ˼򱾣ֵʱ򣬻ӢżƿùעҺϺĳҽԺ
صý´֪һŶŮϺĴʿСŮɺȣסԺ
ӢԭȼӢĴģûӢĴҪùصĲҲСŮõš
ӢҽԺ̾ѯʣӢ˵Ǹʿ֮˾ͽǸʿǰ
ŮɺȵĴʿʷ˹ӸһһʿϺйǷûȥ
ǵСŮҪˣҽ˵ܻɺȡ
ֻҪһ뵽ǵСʹ뿪ǣǾͿƲסʹȻĹ
˵Լʷ˹˳üͷӢ˭ʲô£
ʷ˹ʮ꣬ĸߴ󣬿ǳǿ׳ںû
ıӺģźѪ˿ͷģرǷϡ
ҽлӢӢ
ʷ˹֮ǰûмӢӢΪ֮ӣֳܶʷ˹֪˵ġ
ʲô飿ʷ˹ˣӢδйӢΪʲôҪ
㿴Ⱦ𣿡Ӣʡ
ʷ˹ҡͷûУʲô
һ顣ҽԺһҽ˹ӢʻӢΪʲôͻȻⱾ飿
ʵڵġӢ
Ǹҽ۾־ϲ
ʷ˹ɻ󣺡ʲô֣
ӢóһӣúСĲƿװŵùעҺ
ùأҺġ˵Խ֮ҩƬǲ
֣Ǹҽʡ
ûӢɱܶϸɺȡ
ϵۣҩȻĴڣǸҽŻӢϵҩƿЩƲסԼ̬
ǵģʵڡӢǹ
ҩĿɺȣʷ˹ʱȴǼʵ
СŮ״ԽԽǳǳġ
ǵģѾˡӢ
Ӣ˵飬Ǹҽ侲һ㣺ȷҩûи𣿡
ûзָáӢЩǲʹҩģҩ֮ǰȡһ㣬עֱƤ£
һ˵ģǸܶùҩûʹҩˣҼȻô˵ˣһֱôˡ
Ҳǻҩǰ΢һѡ
ִܶҩƷо֮󣬶Ҫϼʮٴʵ飬ܱͶгʱ˺ܴ󵨣ܶҩƷоûãͿʼˣҲԡ
Ϊֹܶҩﺦ˵飬˵иԵֹҩӤ֮ࡣ
û취ʱɲֹйȱҽҩʵϣȫ綼ȱҽҩ
˵ʷ˹Ů״ԽԽ£Ըǰδ˵ҩܸҵŮ𣿡
ӢӦԡ
ʷ˹ԣϲ֡
ʷ˹һҴδ˵ҩǸҽЩɡ
ֵ֪ҩһʷ˹
Ǹҽһ㶡ȷʵֵ֪ĴڣͨһС˵֪ġ
ʷ˹Ů״ܲãղˣҩҲǿԵġҽ֮ٲԡ
Ӣҩκʷ˹ŮĴڡ
⽫һȫķ
ʷ˹ҽŮ˯š
ҽŻӢ˵ķƤԣȷŮ岢ųù֮󣬾ͽƿһùעŮڡ
ջӢ˵һƿһ˵Ҫʵ١
ҩﲻЧʷ˹Ůʱʲô
ӢͷȥóһƿҩǸҽҩÿСʱעһΣƿҩӦþѾκˡҪˡ
ҩ֮󣬻Ӣ뿪ˣҽԺҽȴ£ʷ˹ŮĲ
ҽԺҽڵſֵЧʱԭš
Ⱦ棬ܷŭģûӢûǵ¡
ڡӢܿҪ첻ȥˡ
ԭԽ룬Խá
ҽԺǸСŮȴˣ˾񣬸ԼĸҪӳԡ
йԹ֮Ͱʳ
ʷ˹̾˰ӸԣŮҽԺһȺҽΧţԹϵİӡ
Եʱʱʱ䱸ؿԼΧҽͻȻԼϵʳ
ǵ̫ˣ
֪Ӣ飬д顣
һһֱ˿֮ÿ궼˿˿
ũĵʳֵľɣİնգ˶ϡ
˿ڹһȹӦ߼ۡ
дС˵Ǹ˿йصġȻˣҪдʵ˿񣬶йĹҵ
Ϊʲô˿֡
1903꣬ձ˿ͳйˣ
ʱڣй˿ȴҲǰδеĺкڣܶũΪϿѪ޹飬˿
ʱһдƷϡСĪ޹ǳ桱ν޹ǳ棬ָϡ
ӣͱȥϡ֪ʱж
Ҫ֣ҪɣҶˣջļȥɲһǮ
ƫƫΪ֮ǰ˿Եʣܶ˼һʳɣˣ£ûйϣҪɣҶȥҲֻա
дⲿС˵ġ
ϣйһ㹤ҵҪձϳ
Ҫ֪ձ˿֮ܳйΪ1889꣬ձ˿аٷ֮ʮǹˣǳڵ˿ǹģбϣйӣҪֹ˿


152 
ڵʱ, ʵй˿ڣǿԵġ
Ȼڵ˿Ѿձϳ, Ϊ緶Χ˿Ե, ˿ȥģһũĸܶ඼ǿϸ, ÿϵļڣͻӶ˿
ˡ˼ѹϡ
Ͼ־ҪǮҪԺܶɣҶģ˼ôɣ
̽Ϣʱ㽭һ, õĲǳҵģ㽭ÿֵļ۸, ҲҶ, ֵļ۸񣬾һԪһš
ȻһƬٳᱻձϳ
Ҫձϳõķ˿, ûɣƶϸҵ淶ͱ׼
Ͼֹ˿ʵǲβ롣
Ҫ˿ס
ĩͳ飺˿Ļ, ڹڿ˿˴ϼ˿, Щûûأֻܿ˿ֹҵ˿֯
ЩֹҵΧס˿˼
ãùðյӹȥӲùš
鵽ЩϵʱҲͦεġ
ҵ̫ˡ
Ҫչҵܸϱˡ
չҵֻúܶʧҵʵȥ
ͬʱҾˣʶųЩ¶
ķǳЩߣǣԼѪԽԽá
ûı£ΨһģǽԼģʶдܲܽ
ҪϣԼĹңԽԽǿ
Լ鵽һ飬ֿʼд١
£Ҫдģһ˿ҵСүһҪ˹ڵ˿ҵΪ֮Ŭ顣
ڼ䣬Ҳдңձ
˵ǹǧ˿񣬵ڡǾȻҪձָôϣô˿
ʱĹˣӦ÷ۿ硣
سЩߣǱǿӦñݳޣɳ
˺ܶ๦򣬲ŰѴдá
д֮ʱ䲻ˣԼдĶϣȻȥ˸ڵҽԺ
̰ҽԺҪˣ̰ǳæȥʱڸһЩҽѵ
̰Щ˵ͽ
̰ͬʰһ¶ȻЦҺˣ߰ɡ
˵¶ԺʱѾڵˣŵʱ򣬻ѧӢġ
رŬΧҲŬ
֮ǰȻѧϰģʱʱҪһ棬ɼʶ͹¶Ժĺѧϰ֮󣬸ҲԽԽѧϰ
ǸȽԵʣһ棬ѧϰ׿ЧӢѾѧòˣɼҲɿƽѧĳɼԽԽá
ͬѧϰģʢԡ
ʢԵĶ֮æŵ¶ԺĺӣӦˣͳߴš
ˣԳԷˣǶʢ̾͵ꡣ
к̰̰˵ϲǴŹǣصˣ㳢òóԡ
ллĸ̰лЦ
ҲЦˣѾܸ̰ˣá
¶ԺĺֶˣԹ񸵻ҪȥϿΣʢҲҪȥЩϿΡ
Ҳ͸̰ûʲôһڰ칫
칫Ѿеˡ
Ǹ̰Ǯ¶ԺװģҽԺͨװƵģװʱɴ¶ԺҲװˡ
һ棬úڻ谵ĵƹ¶飬һ棬Ϊ˵õĺøС
ȥǰ˵ֺģְæװʲô˵ټ򵥲顣
ʱʱʲôģ̬ȵĺת벻Щ
Դ˵ƣǵ˺ܶࡣ
¶ԺĹ¶඼ΪȱάAҹä֢֮ǰϿΣܶʵǲôģöˡ
Ȼһԭ򣬾ÿ춼ǳԵ㶯ʲôġ
ִĺӴӪʣָߵ̴ĶٳΪãʱ˶ȱӪԵոպá
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬶ǲĺö
׼ôˣ̰ʣһд飬Ȼ֪ġ
ѾдĲˣˣҪȥϣͲڽ¿ߴˡ
Ҫȥϣ̰ʡ
Ҫȥ¿ȥٵ˿ӱʵ˲ϣûۿдײʵ
óɡ̰
ãѾһˡܾˣ̰ԼҲҪóġ
ô˵̰ҲͲټ֡
ʱֵ̰ҪҪϢһ
̰Ǻ۵ӣԹ̰֮ҪǲҽԺڹ¶Ժ˯һ
š̰Ӧˡ
칫ٱΣһ̺ϣ˯
ϰߵԵʣдֵġɳɳܿ˯ˡ
ڶ죬Ѹ̰͵ҽԺ֮󣬾ͳˡ
Ϻܱߵĵ·ͦõģܿͳ˳ǣʱѾƬɣˡ
ʱڣѾûˣµĲũģҲ֪顣
ϵʱҽԺʷ˹СŮĲѾöˡ
Ҫ´档
ҽԺҽĹȫΧСŮĲǰžܺõСŮ鼤
û뵽־ȻĴڣ
̫ˣ
һ漣
ϵ۰

Ǹ̾ѣͬʱҲ˻Ӣ˵ģҩԷֹ˿ڸȾ顣
ǵսʿӵ֣һٺܶ
һҪҩҪ취о
Ͼȥһ١
ȥ¹ݣ
²Ҫ̫֪ҩĲӦò֪࣬˶ˣǿܻ򲻵㹻ҩ

Щ˶֪ͨԼҵ¹ݣͬʱԼͬأû͸¶Ϣ
ӵҩǾǶһǿɲõ¹˶༸
ҽԺ˶ӢģǽֵϢסˡ
Ǿޱȴ֪ʱ˴ź֣ܶܶɽ
˧һֱҪ벻ɱϺȥˡ
ʱͻȻ˵Լ˺ܶණûصҪ˻ȥ
֣㲻ҪǾ͸ˡ˧˧ѾԼĲˣĺö޲ܶռ
֪ʲô˧۾һС
֪֣ҽ˧
ӢθģһЩҽ֡
֣˧ŵڰдǸϣ±ԼҳģҲп
ǵġ˧ȾѾˣҲκõģڱ˵İоҩ
˧ΪԼ


153 
˧֪ľȻǾＱȱҽҩ, ̸ӷ
˧ȵó˾
ܵ˽, һݡ
궫֮, ˧û뿪
˧ǻ˧صĶӣ˧ǰûôܹӣ˲׽
û뿪, ˧ʣ㻹£
С˧̰Ż˵Ϊʦ
ҿǸд飬Ⱦرʹ죬ǽβûѧҽİɣ̰ѧѧͦõġ˧
˧̰ѧĲҽһ֪ܶʶ
ѧʲô˧ʡ
̰š˧óһֽ˻˧
Ҳֻ˵, Żĸң˧Թӹֽ
һ, ͷŲˡ
д˺ܶණ
йô, Ҳйôһյģӣ̰úɫıдĺ
˧ͷ۵ģǹյ, ȿⷽ棬ȻͿдˣҪðչãҪ·, 衣
ֻҪܰ·޺ã޵ͨ˴޵ù, յȻȻģ
⡭ͦеģ
˧뵽ԼǰסСӣǴȥسҪɽҪߴ죬ǣܶһӶûӡ
Ҫܽһ·˳㲻˵˽ȥҲ㰡
˧ûʲôµҰģԼ֪Լ£Լãߵһģֻ뵱ʵۡ
ҪʵۣͲԼİˣУЩվǮӣǮˣ൱Ǯˡ
˧һ߿һߺͻ˧۳ٶ˵ǿԳʳЩԷ·ʲôġ
Ȼ˧ѾӹһЩרҵʿæдһЩʿķӣҲõġ
ڷչҵʲôģҲеú̿ҵȷʵԺú÷չһ¡
Щڻ˧ǲġ
˵ЩŮ˻Ȱ˿ڣɻʿս
ŮôսаܲŮ˸ӵ˰˿ڰɣ
˧ã˷绯
ҵǾôͦõģŮϸЩĸá˧ҾһѹЩŮʿں棬Ǵ̶ƴ
˧ǲԸ⡣
ףѾŮƽˣ˧
ŮƽҲЩνĽʿ˵˵ѣզƽȣϱս𣿡˧
˧ͻ˧ղɢ
˧û£ƹ˧Լ˸ѵʿѧУŮѧ
ѧУܳԷ˵ЩǮ˼ңǼŮģЩ˶Ҫ˼ңȴԸŮ
Ůͷ¶治ãǺܶ˸ٹ̵˼룬ڳԲ£ʵûں
ɽǱߣѾʼһЩ仯ʱ򣬻Ӣ˺ܶӢˣҪ֡
ӢƵظǴ̫ⶫǳѡ
һ˺ܶ๦зܹҲû١
ʱǲģûôأ

ô˵ģȴһЩҩЩȥһֵЧ
̬һڳӢ˾ˣҩ϶ǻģٵǵθڣӦá߼ۡ
Ҳû취˭ڣڻӢ
оǣҩȷʵҲҪһ£ȷҪҪ
ӢʱֵˣҩϢǿɲҪɢȥϾܹҲû١Ҳ֪ģǹкܶమʿҪ֪ҩԼҵã϶ָҡ
Ӣ⻰˵ĺеЩ˷׷Ӧ¡
Ȼǲ֪Ѿ˽ڸڵ˽Ӵˡ
ıĹ֮󣬿϶ҪӦڵġ
ȻˣڵҪͬҪ߼
ٿɲʲôˡ
Ӣ˴һЩˣڸҽԺص
ʱձ棬ȴŬӻӢߡĶ
ӢûдĵعֵĴڣǵǶһЩƷ
ùƵģֻϸȾĲҲеϸɱġ
ӢӢҩʱҲһƵĴ·Χ
аסɺȡ÷ȡ׺˷һϵëЩвǻġ
ҽԺһӢעùء
һӣϲŮˣСȾ÷һ֮뿪ӢϺ
ΪԼãû뵽Ȼ˸˵һҩκ÷
ϵ۰Ȼҩ
ԥѡע䡣
һҽԺһո˲ȵķŮˣҲעùء
⣬һЩصëйˣͬõעùصĻᣬȻˣǲ֪עģʵ֡
ִΪطĵԵʣùصҩЧѾûôˣʱǰδйء
ЩϸҲͲпҩԡ
ؼЧر졣
ǻ÷ˡù÷Чҩ
÷ŷ޷ģܶ˶ֲһֱΪβõģڡעùؼ֮󣬻߾Ȼˣ
֣̫ˣ
ȷʵһַǳҩ
һҪһЩ
ΣҪ֣

Ӣִ֪ڵˣˣ
ʵϣԭʷϣҲΪط
ʱйҪõһ֧ΪֵĿأررѣЩ쵼ˣһӵС
ʱҩڹԹһܵķʽģҩƷѹй
ӢԼΪɣڸȥЩ֮󣬾ٲȥӢˣһֱӢ飬ȷֵҩЧҪڿϼˡ
ǰӢĹԱӢȻǾ֮ӣҲҪģ
Ӣһ̣ĵسһڣЦҩҼȻģ϶Ҫġ
ϻ١
۸񡭡ֵĳɱǺܸߵġ
Ӣں˵˵ˡֵĳɱˣϾҺҪ׷׷Ҳ󲻵ȥ
ȻӢ˲֪һУǵ̬㿪۰ɡ
ʱ²ܿۡӢ
ӢæʣΪʲô
Ӣû취һЩ鷳͹˲֡
ʲô鷳
ģ֮ǰյһЩӢĶǩ˺ͬ˵Щ˶ΥԼҵĻҪȥˣĻ˼֣Ӣ̾һ
Ӣֵ̱̬ģĻһȥ
Ϊ֣һԼҵΥԼ
ȥʲôұƭˣģҾҪӢ
Ӣˣ


154 ֻ
Ӣ, ձЩѾǩ˺ԼΥԼȻǸЩ˲ġ
, ݲҪˡ
, ձǱߵĻҲЩ¡
Ҹձ˵ìܣӦöǹҵ˸ǩ˺Լ, תͷȥָձںҡӢˣҲҵˣҲձ˺ˣ
Щ˵ĸΪ޹ءӢ¹ݵ˵, һһ
Ǿ͵Ƚ̸ֵ顣Ӣǳ֡
Ӣֻ뿪
ڻӢǰûֳʲô뿪֮, ȴŭ
мʢ, Ƿ߷߲ƽӢǸ쵰
ʺ
ûǷ
˵ã곤һЩ˲źֹǣ˵Щ塣ֻҪǵһ¾ˡһҪ򵽡
鼸ǰӢҪĶ̬, ǿ϶ֱӶȥˡ
û취ôŷ޵սסǵֽš
ڣӢǲԸġ
ǻȥ֮󣬾ͿʼһʱŪ, Ȼ󡭡еӢˣҲûôˡ
ЩӢǩ˺Լǹҵ, ձǩ˺Լ˵£߻Ӣ
ܲµձ˴ʲô⡣ЩһһûӢĻȥһӢҪƲ
һ㣬Ӣ˵ǲӢˣձ
ҪЩձˣ˵Ѿˣ
¹ݵһ£̾ͽЩӢǩ˺ԼӢ
ձΪܿӵӢûЩ뿪ϺϺΪ˽ص㣬ʱЩ˻Ϻ̲ôطֽԡ
ʱǶԣȻͱ֪Ǳȥ»ӢϵĻҪӢһЩ
Щ˶ҪֲֲΪʲôĳЩ˵ı󣬿дйڵģɲ¹ݵķԸ
Ӣ֣²ãͲǣ¹ݷͬʱҲֵ˵˳
ֵҩЧ̫ˣЩҲҪҩģ֪ӢôĶǵʾԸȥ޸ӢĹϵ
ȻˣҲϣ֮¹֣һҪȹ
ҩõ֮ǶһǾԼòţҲʲôġ
ЩˣѾڵһʱʶЩҩжôˡ
¹ݵ˴Ӧ
ǣڶ죬Щ˾ͽձ˸ǵ⳥͸˻ӢһͬȥģһЩСǴԼĹҴݳƷʲôġ
ǻӢǸ
ӢЩձһҪԼˣǷǳģҲԼܷ
һձãǰѸҶˡˡ
ӢЦеǮֵҪձҪңλϵһ֪ġ
⣬̫ˣЩ˶ܸˡ
Ӣֵձ˼ңҸǳƺġǼȻҪңȻҲҪԣձǱĻ˭ҪˣǸԡԵڵĹңǲԸǳֵġ
⻰Ӣ˵¹ݵѾ֪֮Щˡ
ŷȱܶණԭҪ˻ӢĻ֮󣬰ձǱߵĻҲµģϾձ˸ļ۸ĺܵͣӢô˵֮ȴֻܸ֤ģһȥձ˵Ļ
ڻӢ¶ƷѾˣ˵Ӣ˵ǮǮʵձ˳ģǲ
˫̸
Ӣ̸׶֮̾͸¹̸
ӢڸʱҪ˸߼ۣˣȴȫһķʽ
ҪӢûȡ֡
ӢǳϿңλҲ֪ģڿرȱ
ӢΪսԵʣܶ๤ˣͬʱҲûµĻʵҲȱġ
Ϊԭǰ˿ۻ֮й˵ǣ񶼲йˡ
̫ˣҪȥβȥˣһЩȥо
ӢĹҵʱѾչĺܺˣӢй繤֮ơ
սУҧҧóһЩҲǲеġ
ϾӢҪҲࡣ
ǵ׻ǴӦӢǩ˺ԼȻ򡱵˵һǧƿùء
ջӢ˵еˡ
Ӣ˲ţûӢû취ҲֻˣȻõҩ֮ٶȽ֮ͻǵĹҡ
֮󣬻ӢߵƹʻӢ٣ôǰִˣҪǲѻô죿
ǲ᲻ģӢǿ϶֡
ֻҪ֣Ǿʲôȱˡ
Ҫô֡
ٵĹֶ˺ܶ࣬ζˣȫǺǹʵʿ
Щʿǻ˧ġ
һͲ󣬼ԻĹǻ˧ľ
Щ˱Ͱȫˡ
Щ˻áǻӢԸը˹ҲԸ˱˵ġ
ٵĹ˺ܶˣڹռϵȻǿ˵ġ
ʲôûʣһ죬ֵַֻش˿
ı֣Ӣ֪֮󣬾¡
ʵ棬ΪӢҪ֪ˡ
Ͼʲôģ˵ӢĴ㡣
ٵͨţûͣֻӢȹҶȡ˴ƣȻʲôġ
ôʱͨԻٵӡѾԽԽˣͦĶԷµġ
ֻǣϴʻΣ˵ܺáҲͲһֱˡ
ֻѶԷҪע壬˵Ҫ
Էǲ岻ã費Ҫ
ǸԼһһʦĻ٣ֻܿع˿Ĺû˿
˿֮࣬ı˹ĺöˡ
˿߹˺ܶϼЩϼ֮Щ֮˿ʣµΪ˷㱣棬ҪɹΪũӵʱ򣬻ϽˮЩҲͺܳʪ
˿һ磬ߵʱ򣬾Ϳ˺ܶӣϵиͦڽµģЩӶǴӹ㶫Ǳģ۸ҪһЩɹģɹһֿܽˡ
Ǹ꣬ɲ
֮ǰιۻٵĹʱ򣬼ЩȴһֱûԷƼͦģְˣϴ·ǹ´ġ
￴ЦǵģְˣѾǹˡǺϲģⲻΪд飬Ϊÿμк¡
һΣ¶ҳΪ೤˵ûע⵽
پȻȥչԭҪ飡
Ϊôһȥ¯ؾԼļˣΪһȱˣڽڸ˹¡
˻֮нˮԺһöʮԪ֮⣬סԷʲôģҲᱨ
ûӢĶˣĹˡ
Ϻʱô벻һ깦ȻܳΪһöʮԪĹ£
֮ǰĸ׻еܵãҪڹɻڣѾѵܵȥˡ
ԭǲȥģϾǸŮӣյƽѧıҵ˵ûʲôǮʱ򣬾ѾȥˣҲô
ոմӹ㶫Ǳ߻ûʲô͸úģ˵˺ܶ๤顣
ú档
ˣ¿϶Ҳܱ䣬ͦ˵ġ
ܸˣԭǱߵձˣͲˡ
ԭԴ»ӢĶʱӢЩ硣
һ⣬ΪܿӵӢǿģЩ˿϶ҪĻбĶǾ׬ˡ
ǳעӢЩˣȻ֪ܿǸӢӴ顣
֪ǾȻҪȥӢĲƷˣϵЩˣҪ֪ԭ
ЩһʼԸļ¼ȴ˵ӢĲƷԭֱӱʾҪձߵĲƷ
ЩˣȻҪĲƷˣôУ
ӢҪģǴЬ֮ĶǸͷߴ󣬳Ҳ·ЬӣǾġ
ΪȱӪԵʣʱˣ߶ǲһߵģһĶȱȽǣǮ˼ҵȻһ㣬Ҳ϶ŷ˵·Ьӡ
Щ˲ҪĻˣЩҪô죿
Ҫ˵ԭɣôû뵽ȻԼ
뵽Լ֮ǰЩǩԼʱ򣬲ûն𣬻Ǯԭɾһ
ӢƲ


155 
ߵХ, һһ͡
һЩɣ˿ް
ȥްģʱֻÿһް, е, ξʹģоûӵĲ˿ġ
Ϻũңϵ, ˿ļ۸񲻹˵˼ңް֮࣬ŵĶǲ˿ᱡֱů
ްĲ˿, ʱǰƴһũƵ޶²˽֮, űĲ˿
һ, һ߻²Ҫô
ʱ仨棬˷Ѱ²Щѧ
û֮ǰǳ, Ͼǻû¿ڣѾϲˡ
⹦򣬻顣
ڲ·Ҫô졭ȫұ˰
ǰ, ϶Ůѧŵ㣬ȻԺް, ˿ôãֻ⼸ްӶͺģǾһ²˿˶ʱ䣿οǿһһ߱Ӣġ
˵ţͱһߵģдġӢĶġ
²ֻܸһ𱳡
죬²ż٣ǰؼˣްȻֿʼ
㣬ζ֮ͺóˣȥ˵ʱ򣬻һΪĻһЩ˸̰ԷǴֵġ
ΡǴ㡢Źǡ⡢㹽ˡһ߰˸ˡ
һ룬ʹŸ̰ˡ
ǰЩӣ͸̰æ
ҪŻϰ䣬ҪдԼŽ¿Ǳߣڸ̰ȴҪæҽԺ顣
ڣǶæòˣҲΪŻ븵̰Է
͸̰ȷϵѾãȴһֱôܣҳڹ¶ԺǱ߼ģɲ̫á
̰ŵʱ򣬴ŴСܶණһЩԲĲƷҲһЩ·Ρ
ĸ񡣡̰һЦŴк
Լ͸̰񣬵û²񣬿ôණ²Щ£̹Ȼؽ
ʱѾˣ˾ȳ
ĸһһŸոպá
ڽ˸̰֮󣬾Խ̰ԽϲˣʱǲͣкԷвˣѵĲ˵ר˸̰װˡ
Ϊ䣬ԽԽ󣬵̰ķͦһġԼǿ鳤ָĺ廨⣬е޴¿ڡ
Ҫܲ˳ȥʱͻȻһ˫ӣǿ廨ˡ
廨Լв˾Уô࣬Բꡣ
˵ţĺõ廨ÿӷֿȻϷ·Ž˸̰ͦóԵģ㳢
˸̰Լˣʱʵʲȥ
ôʱȻˣǸ̰Щ˼ţһȣֵ㡣
Ľűֻżסˡ
̰
̰˼ˣƫƫغܣڳԲˣڳ⡣
磬Ҳֻ⡣²۰Ͱ͵ؿϣ編ƣһ⡣
ֱӰԾУʣµķȥ¶Ժ˳ԡֲһ䣺Ҳ̫⡣
²û룬֮󣬾ͲԷˣͦġ
¶ԺǱߣƽİϲʤģôһ룬²İõؿʼԡ
ٷ̰һֻһֱţҲû
ʵͦϲ
Թ͵ҽȥ¥ɣѹӻҲȥ
ص˹ӻͣùֽװ죬һˮʹŸ̰¥ˡ
ѾѼʰийصĶͦɾ
¥֮ȸ̰һ¸;ȻŴŸ̰Լķ䡣
ķܴһŴһӣһԼӡ
һӣڴϰɡˡ
̰ûȥվǰΪռϡ
ϸϸĺϣ̰ԺһԽдԽáʮ츳ֺ棬ǰ;
Ȼسˡ
̰ôţЦ
֮ǰദ棬ͷһڼﵥദ˵Ǵĵطˡ
Ÿ̰Цݣе̰׹𣿡
ûС̰ôʣµᷢʲôˡ
ͦڴġ
ϸ̰ЦЦվס˸̰
̰ͽţ˾ֻһڡ
ſ̰̰˵Ǳߣô׵ġ
ȷʵô׵ġ֪ô׵𣿡̰ڹ⣬һʼסĵطܲסһЩƤŮˣǵͣҲһЩ顣
֪˵
˿ŶԷһЦˣȻֱԡ
һС´ڷ£¸̰һֱҲһ
죬̰뿪ʱ촽е㲻ĺ죬εزȥ
ʲôû˵óް͸ؼ֮׷磬ǲģ춼ˣ
̰
磬ĶԵģʡϲ̰ǲģǼƽҲͳԵĺ嵭Ҳȥġ
̰һۣûشֱӻطˡ
ֻ̰ϸԼС
̰ڷ˵ˮȥӢʱ촽ϵĺѾˡ
Ӣرˣ̰Щձؿ϶Ҫˣ
Լɫظ̰˵ˡ
̰еĲɡ
̰𣿡Ӣʡ
ҶЩȤ
Ǿ˵˵ҽԺҽԺҪˣʱҸǧֹ֧ȥӢ
̰ҽԺѾﱸˣҪԷҲΪǰף
á̰ҸЩһֱϵڶֺйأӦһҽʱҵҽԺ֡ǻô룿
ҡӢüͷ𣺡ˣΪİȫͲܸˡ
̰˵ͷ
ĲȻͣȫ緶Χ￴ʵٵÿҽԺǲҪˡ
̰ͻӢ˵أǰ֮ǰǵ¶ˡ
ϣȴȻе˯ˡ


156 ҽԺ
̰û˯, ͬû˯õģ²
층̰뿪֮, , Ѹ̰ˡ
̰ǳ࣬ЩǳĹԲ֮࣬ЩϺߵȥݳ, 㲻ϡ档
Щ񾹷֡滹װһЩΡ
װǳ䳤ȹĶװСߴʺ²񣬻ǳƯ
·, ЩŮ˴ϺͨĲ÷ûģҪôרŵĲ÷춨, ҪôҪӹ, ۸񲻷ơ
ģЩΡ
ڵ˴ΣǽиЩȴһ, ͷǶһЩûıʯ
Ǻ챦ʯʯָЩε
ʱֻȻ챦ʯȻ챦ʯϡټ۸񰺹󡭡ó̰ǡ
Ȼ˺ܶ, ˼ʶЩǲ̫ģ챦ʯ, ҵȣĸ󣿡
ǿ϶챦ʯ󡣡
񵹳һ
ʯӲıʯָʯ鱦Ҳûʲôо֪ʱʯļ۸ö˵ֻ˵˵ʯ״ڵƹ¿ῴʣ
ʯȷʵڵƹԡ
²ǰ¼ҵʱЩεģӣв١
ЩΣŶĺܣ̰͵ЩȴͬӦǴӹģ⾫ҲƯ
ǴδƯΣȥ
Щβˣǻҽɡ
ѾˣǾŰɡ
͵Ӿ͹ˡǲաǮ֮Ҫλ²񵱼ױ
ûȥһЩֵƵ䡣
ЩѾ㹻ˣûΡ
ĶҪ⡣ŰɣԺһġ
Ұҵø㣬㵽ʱ͸ĸף顣
ġģǮˡ
˺Щ򣬲ЩΣװҲ
ʱۻû֣ŮǴ·ÿģװˣϺߴװŮ٣еġ
²ЩԾԾԣ·ţ̫ˡʲôʱٴ
ҵ·Ͷˡ²
·ȥͲ±ЩĶϣ
Ҳ²ȥѧУûҪڼﴩ
²ֻҪеĴͿˣԼװڻʣ磬ҽΪʲôôණ
ΪɩӡЦ
²𾪵۾
˯ãΪ̰͵̫ˡ
һǴ˼ң᲻ῴǣ
׬˴Ǯģⷽû˱ȣֻܶˡ
Ƕѧʵˣ飬ӦþͲԼĶӶˣ
²˯ţȴΪ˵ŵˡ
羹Ȼ͸ҽˣ
ֲһ
ҽͦõģã粻ûкˣ
֮ǰţԼҪһӲ飬øĺӸϣڡ
²üͷʼķˡ
Ҳ׸˻
ڹ¶Ժ֪жֳúõ׸Ҳڿܻǣ߸ҲȥұŮˡ˾ˡ
ʱʱһЩ˼²뷨Ѿڲͬˡ
²Ӱ˺ܶ࣬˺ҹ˯š
ڶ졣
һȥ˸̰Ȼ͸̰һȥҽԺСʱ󣬸˸ڵĴţ²
Ǹ죬úܣһž͵̣ҸҽԺҪȥְɣ绹ܸųԷȥ¶Ժ
ӦˣֵҲ֪ʲôϲϰ忪Ŀ⣬ζرã
˵ڸ¡Ƶ͵ģûп⡣층̰ȥԷˡ
¡Ƶķ˰йоصģ˭ܳԵƲ϶óԡЩʧһ£ˣҲ֪ҸȥԵģƳ˺óԵġҪǲóԣ϶͸Ժ죡
ҼҳԵġ²
ʲôˡ
²ӣ֪϶֪ĸ顣
˵ǲ˵ģֻͬؿ˸һۣͻȻ˵ԽС֪֪
ίˣΪʲôԷΪʲô
׷ֻˣ˳ˣҪԣԺҲܹ
ܾе㲻ԣҲֻˣ̫˵ظȥƽҽԺ
ƽҽԺǳ֣˺ܶ࣬Ϻҽѧˣи̰ѣкܶˡ
̰ع꣬ڹʱ򣬾ͻ飬ع֮һֱǳḻϺߵ˵ĿأһҪϲҸ̰
ڸ̰ҽԺЩЩԹˡ
һ磬̰ڽӴֿˣӢķ޷лȻæòУɡ
ԽԽϲϧǣ׹֮ûл׸̰ˡ
ҽԺߵ˽⣬Ÿ̰Ӵ˺ܶˡǽҽԺȻ֪Էĵط
ƽѧʦˣκͤҲС
ѾЩûκͤˣͻȻκͤɫ̫á
Уǲʲôˣʵ
ҲûʲôκͤЦЦûж˵ȴزסƣ
κͤ˵Ҳû׷ʡ
磬˶ڸ¡ƵԷжʮҲԵı
磬ǰص뿪̰ȴǴҽԺҽصҽԺʼ˿β
̰Ժ칫ҷǳһźܴİ칫һܣһŸ˿ʱɵխխĴһЩ򵥵ҽ
Ÿ̰˰칫ңţŸ̰һڣֵ̰绹£ˡ
á̰
磬ʵҪдС˵˿硷
һʼڸ̰дģطܴ󣬵뵽Ҫڸ̰¾дС˵;ǻؽ¿༭д
ص¿༭˼д
˼ǡͻ`Ǵ֣Ҫѡ˿硷ĵһ ָڱǱȥС 
д˿硷ʱһѧڿѧ͡ҽ顣
⼸꣬Ϊŷ޿ʼַ̣չԽԽãйĹϵҲܶйѧѡ
ڵϢЩѧ֪һЩڱʲôҲյȫġѧ͡ҽѧûп
ϾĶ㡣
ѧУյ˹ڼ飬ȻҾʹ
ѧдĺܶϸڣҸͬܡ
û뵽ҲдôõС˵
һֱ뺺ֵĳ·˵ҪϳǲͬģҾԺӦд׻ģ׻ʫ

ȺһƯװĸʱֵŮӣ¥дĽ̫˧̫ˣһȥһҪȥ
СϪѾҪȥһˡ


157 ¶Ժ
̰ҽԺ, һжʮǰ˵ڶ, βĻߵ͸, ʮ
ִر٣ʱ, ȴѾܲˣϾʱ򿴲ҽ׬Ǯǳࡣ
˵̰ҪѾҪһԪ, ιҩʲôĻ, ڶǾ͸ˡ
̰ҽ, һֻˣ˹ѣҪԪһ¾׬һٰʮԪˡ
շѹ, Իߵ̬Ҳͼãڶȥʱ򣬱㿴̰ǳϸµؽһ˸עָҩ
лһгҩ
гҩ, Ǹ̰Ǹҩ˺ܶҩ֢ܶ״, ֻ֮ǰǶҩװڴƿģװ˲ƿ˱ǩ˱ڣŸʱһЩҩûʲô
ˣ̰һСʱΣַȥţˮҩչ˵쳣ܵ
ȻˣҲ˲ƵҩǮǮ
ɳ˿ɳģܶһҲ׬顣
󡣡һ˵һ߰Լķóڸ̰İ칫ϡ
̰ͷġ
ұˣ˺ܶࡣ̰ЦҽԺͨҽֻҪǮһͷ
ʵ˵ͬĲëǮһκá
͸̰һ˷¥¥ʱ򣬾Ϳ¥װ绰
ʱǼ绰ģûùվԱ߿˿绰ã¿༭Ҳװһ
һԵ绰кܶˣ²ؿţһ߿һ߻˳ѯʡ
װ绰ˣ֪ʱĵ绰ÿ·ҪʮԪһ㻹ֻܽϺصĵ绰
绰ǹǽϵģ֮ǰҪҡһʱ䣬õ绰ͨ硣Ҫţҡ֮ͲֱӸһͷĽԱҪĺУ滹Ҫ˵һ23֮ࡣ
ȻһͷĽԱͻ绰˿ͨ
ҵˣڸ˴绰ֻܵ꣬ٸߡ
˵֮ǰϺߵ绰ٵʱñҡ绰ֱӸԱ˵硰ƽҽԺԱ֪ֱӰæͨˡ
ȻˣʱڣƼչͦģȵڣĵ绰ûˡ
绰ǳ鷳̾Ъװ绰Ĵ㡣ʱòŵģԺ¿߷չԽԽãǿװһ
ٹ꣬·Ҳܽһ㡣
ҽԺ֮󣬸̰ˣԴʱҽԺҲһ˽⡣
ҽԺ˸ŵĲ˿⣬һЩ֮ĵطǩԼǱ߹̶ÿ¶ǮҽԺȻǹĹвʹֱҽԺΣҪѡ
ȻˣҪҩǾҪˡ
֣Ҳǹ˵ĸ
̰ҽԺǩôҹҽԺȫõ׬Ǯ
յ֪µʱæǣߣûӢĹ̰βģ뵽ӢЩձ˶òɿˡ
»Ӣ˸̰
̰ҽԺĺܺãֹһ죬˼ǡڴڱϵˡ
˼ǡԽ֮дһƪС˵
ִصС˵ˣ߿òͷˣȥС˵ˣʱΪ٣߻ǲ٣ֻڼԽԽġ
ʱС˵ңʱһС˵ڱֽظꡣ
һʱڵ顶ɽرⲿ˺İ֣кܶܶ⴫֮࣬ߴ1932꿪ʼڱֽأһֱд1948껹ûд꣬Ϊָ̫࣬ѶԪˣֱӸ
ΪдˣˣԽԽࡣ
ġ˼ǡҲˣֽ׷ص˱׷ǰƪĵĶˡ
ڡ˼ǡᣬ˸еᡣ
Լдôдˣ
дһ뿴ء
Ҳ뿴ӡ

۷׷ס
ȻˣҲ˾дոպã˸ý֣ոպá
Ŷ˴ˣҵ԰ˡ
ᣬ̫̫ˣ󣬿϶Ҳ뿴ֹ۵Ķӣͣˡ

𵩴ѧкܶѧڱдС˵£һѧдĹ¶ԺͺˣЩ¶һ·
Χ˷׷׵ͷ
֣ά·⻰ЦĹ¶Ժǲ֪
𣿡Ǹͬѧʵ
ȻС֣άµ¶Ժǻٿģ֮ǰֽϱٵĹʱҲһ졣
ҵʱڱֽϿˣΪⲻ˵˵ǸѧȻĹ¶ԺôֻԹúһ¹¶Ժ
̫ˣкܶ˹˺ӡ֣άµҲûз
Щԣһ㶡
֣άֵ¶ԺĺѾһٶˣһ֯ͬѧǾĺӣúܺá
ơЩӶҪʲôҲܸǾһЩģЩѧ׷׵
֣άµڹ¶ԺĺҪģǸǲҪڵ·ǲܴþǸǲҪľް޿㣬⣬ǲҪľ飬ֽ֮࣬ҲҪġ
ǻҪֽʣЩѧԾͨնǲʶֵģЩ¶Ժĺѵ飿
¶ԺԺЩ֣֡άµʱȥƽҽԺ˳·Ҳȥƽ¶Ժ
û뵽ĵطܴȥ𣿡ѧʣѧҲ¶
⵱ȻǿԵģ֣ά´һЩˣƽ¶Ժȥ
飬ںܶطз
ƽ¶Ժûڱֽϴ棬ƶһǳ͵֪¶ԺĴڵˣǺܶġ
٣ЩɷùļߣѲˣͶ֪ġ
˼ǡᣬ˹¶Ժ֮󣬺ܶ˶Թ¶Ժ棬Щ֪¶ԺĴڵˣͰһЩ˴˹¶Ժ
磬¶Ժ˺Щˣ֣άºͬѧмߴһЩǮĸ˹
磬ǵЬ˺ܶ࣬ѾɣȻԼȥʢˡ
ϵĺӣԼȥʢģʢ÷͹ԹŶӣù¶ԺĹԱǴˡ
ǵܴƽ˼ʢĴ룬ЩرС˵ǻᱧ͡
ʵϣ˶εġ
ˣжθÿÿһף֣άʱ򣬺á


158 顶˿硷
, 㻦һĲͦٵģһЩ֮, ָ߲ԽԽࡣ
ʱ, ˾Ǽ˵ģԼȥĻͭԪ, ũԸѵĲȫˡ
Ҳͬˡߵũ壬еصģҼһֻƶ
ƶʱ򣬿ŶһԣȻƶ, 
ˮˣӵ̯˵Ƥ֮һ, ȫһܸ߸˿һλ, ԸƤԲ
ҼҶֻƶƶļ۸Ȼϲȥټһѻƶܶඹļ۸ҲͲ
ͺξͲ, ڲŵĲ࣬ôһ㣬ȫΪ˸ǲӪ
һֱӪҪ, Ӱ죬ҲЩ, ںǳԵͦõġ
֣ά´ЩͬѧһĻͦԾģ¶ԺĺӣԵá
￴Ҳɾ
еĺöˡ

ǰ¶Ժڡ˼ǡдĹ¶Ժ̫ˡ
ȻǶǮˣǲʣֻЩпȻͺؿЩӡ
֣άѧкЩѧҽģһһĺӸԼʢһ뷹ԣ̲סʣСѣôʢô෹Ե𣿡ôСĺӳô࣬ҪѶӳŻ
ǸӱסԴϺܶ룬䱸ؿһۣȻͷǽ˶ܳķ˸ɸɾ
֣άºˣĿɿڴ
Ѿ˲ˣͬʢ˷ˣм
ǳԵǸһģǲ˺ͷûһֿʢˡ
ղŵǸӳԲĴѧܹȥͶԺ̣Щӳ̫ˣǵܲסġ
û취飬һԺܶģǸĺӣǶˣƴԼĶԵģȹЩӾͺˡ
֣άµ˶ˣҲǵʱǲʶЩǹ¶
˵ֳ꣬ʱЩѾȥߴˮʼϴԼˡ
ϴ꣬Сȥ˯ʹľ;һ顣
Ƕһ꼶Ŀαһ߶һԼ֣ľڵдһ漫ˡ
֣άµ˿鶼Īرˡ
ţʵڵģһܹϺӡ
֣άµ˼ﶼǺǮģ֮ǰһЩǮ
ĸģЩߴĸˡ
Щߣǰ¶ԺҪɷù¶ԺģʱǲҪ¶ԺȥǶͬˣһֱǵط
˼ǡᣬ˸ǴǲĹ¶ԺǾͰ˴ˡ
Ǵģ඼ϺĹˡ
Щ˻ʶ֣ƽֲ࣬û¾ϲС˵¥С˵ǴӡѧʼѾ׷ſһ꣬¥ԣҲڿˡ˼ǡ֮ΪЩ¶ʲô
֪¥дĹ¶Ժʵڣֿ¶ԺôãǶܸˡ
¶Ժĸ˭ܼ𣿡ǳԷ֮оʵ
ߣȻܼģߺܿͰǴǰ
һ仯ܴ󣬲ʱˣΪıԵʣƤҲˡ
磬ͻûʮ壬һ磬˵ֻʮҲǿԵġ쿴飬ոһЩദҲ˺ܶ࣬ټϻй¶ԺԺôݡ
Щˣûĸῴ
ԼҲŬչԼõһ档
˫̸Щ˻֣άһ¶ԺǮ
Ǿ׵Ŀһһ£ǰĿǿʾ¶ԺĿǹģʱԹˡ
꣬øĿ˾ͦģܶ˾Ǯ֮ѹͲ֪ԼǮȥ
ôʵϣǶ񣬶¶Ժӡ͸ˡ
ͬʱע⵽칫иܣ˺ܶ飬о¥ģԺҲ¥飿
ǰʱǲ˼˵ӵģֻӦˡ
ڡ뵽̰ĸĸӦöԼӦദչԼЦ¥ҵĶӡ
¥ȻĶӣ
ԺôᣬȻôĺˣ
ԺǼ¥𣿡
Ҫʼ¥ˣԺܸ˵˵ʲô𣿡

Щڵ֪¥ĸ֮ȫΧߴ
ЦŸ˵
һʶ˲ˣͬʱϺϲȦҲк֪ܶ
ƾ£֮£ǽĳԭѽȥȦӡ
ͬʱ¶ԺĴڣҲϺϲʿ֪
ϺߵǮ˺ܶ࣬ԸҲܶ࣬ڡ˼ǡᣬ¶ԺĴڱԽԽ֪֮½½յ˺ܶǾĿѾù¶Ժüˣ
Щ۾գҲգܾʮԪһҲļʶʶЩҲ֮ǰʮԪһһէˡ
Щ˶أԽԽš
˵ҵĳɹı仯ˡ
ȻЩǺˣڵĻ
ڡ˼ǡ󣬴ڱǳ顶˿硷
˿硷񣬳˿ңǼҹ˺ܶˣղϼ롢˿֯˿񡭡ֻҪǸ˿մߵģʲô
׽ʳȥڵʱϿɵʽѧö飬һģʮԪǮһȥձĴƱձ
ձע⵽ձ˿ҵȻѾչرĹҸãʧɫ˺ܶ๦ѧ˹ļִӹ˺ܶؼҡ
ϣԼУձ˿õ˿
òũĲ֣Ứ֯Ⱦϣѵ̵ôϡ
˵һĸߡ
ȻˣЩǱʵǴ˱˵ķԽиĸһʼдġ
ֵһһղϼӣŷɻ޲̴վͷϣĲϼ롣
صձỨ֯֯׶ϣ֮ǰص˺õĲ֣ѷָĲũЩũĲѪ޹飬ԼĲ֣վǰĲϡ
ˣЩũЩũĲϼ룬ͬʱļУΪҪԵʣҲ˷ˣںڣΪȥҵİҵˡ
ӵķŭĲũҷˣߵˣͷҲ֪һⵣȻôͷϣˮ
ǳң˻عˮȥңȻҲˡ
ڱϵһοǵǧ֣Ȼֹ
ôһͷȴѾ˺ˡ
ڣھֻ֪
ᱻһΪŮˮȻ󡭡ʧˡ
ʧ乣ִдˣʱʵʵĺܣǡŮ˾ҵĴү
ʶʧҲ֪Լ
Ůչˣ֪˺ܶҴүĶ£ǿŮű˵ͼ֮ࡣ
Ůͬ飬ͬʱʼԼڵײ
ǰרձձĲũѧϣȻʧˣ֪ٹϵ֪ʶˮ֮ʱղϼ룬ֲãŮСɣãӦһרŰϵˡ
ȻˣСɣôãҪҲΪҲûдĵû˵ʧٵ顣
Сɣ˼ĳ
ʱѾ룬žϣСɣʼϣϿʼʱ򣬰СɣǼҵĲģСɣչ
ͬʱҲһֱǸǵļӵҴү
СɣĸѾȥȫٳ֣Ϊ˺ԼĸףŸµļҵԼ岮Ⱦָ
Ҳϲ񣬾׸ӡԺҲͺˡ
ȻСɣСɣµΪ֮ֻСɣ޳ȥҪᣬҪСɣޣӹһСɣСɣҪ׸һŪļƻ֮£СɣСɣĻ硣
˫ȻΪ˱СɣײԴ
顣
Ҳʶĸĸʩʵʩбˣ߸ɴ౻ƻˡ
˷ָũǵĲ֣ʵܶũûյ
ˣĴɢйصҥԣ˵һʮĻˡ
ҪıҼҲ
Сɣصҡ
֮Ϊ໥Сɣ˵ĸ룬˿鷳ڹҵǶų⡭еһⱾ顣
һһĸĸˡ˺ܶ⣬һֱԼĹңҲ˿
µ磬¾ġ
Ȼˣڻֻдһͷѣܶණûչ
ãʮһᱻĳɺܳĵӾ磬ڡ
ϾѪ֮ҵ֮֮кšʧ䡢ȸ˵һϵԪأ϶ܹϲ
ôţд
ɢ֮࣬Ǹϲд֡
Ŭд飬˿硷ڴڱһֵʱһϺѧµĻ𳵣ϻ𳵵ʱ򣬻ͮһ˫СŮ


159 ѧ
ѧ, źӣ, С, ܲסҽ˵ȥů͵ĵطš
Ȼôź鷳ۺӵ, ͰС²ŴˣŮ²ȥҲͬˡ
ӻСϼѧҲǿԵġ
Ȼ, ²ǲģڱ, ɾ˾չܡ
ѧһҴӱ, ȵ
һ·ͻСʱһʼԶгȤ²º²ţʱѾûɵˡ
ƫƫ, յ»𳵳Ե㶫Ϣ֮󣬾ҪϻˣλҪһֱҹ
˻֮, 
Ǽڱǹ˺üӶ˵, ƽӵӣӶչˣֻͮԸӶǸ
ˣǰϺͮһʼӶ˴ϣչ˺ӵģƱ̫ˡ
ӱϺмƱ˾ҪʮԪ
һĿڣƱסһ̣ȥ˹ƱҪԪȻǼǮļǮôǲܴӶ·ġ
ϾϺٹӶˣǮ͹ˡ
ûӶˣ庢ӾȫҪͮ
һҪԵģһҪȵģһҪϲ˵ƱӲܶ࣬ҲڵͮǺ
û֡ѧһ᲻ЩҲЩģʱȥ˸̸ۡ
һ·ΨһģҲÿһվӿСЩزȥ庢ӣ˵ɽЩʲôģ⣬վĿҶ֮࣬Ҳܺǵϲʡ·ǮǴδζ򡪡ϵķζţŶУ۸ʵˡ
˵Ϊ𳵲ˣ˱ϻݵʱ򣬲Ż
ʱĻ𳵹˳ֿڣҪˣ˴ϢҪȥ𳵡
ϼҴڸ·ȽΪչӣǻ·סõ꣬ڸϵϺʱ򣬾ǳѾˡ
ڣϺڵˡ
ѧһӴӻʱͮѾһȦɫҲ԰׵ĺܣ˿ƽ˼꣬ȫûڱʱľ
ӻˣ˶ӡСӳθڱʱÿԵĶǳԹߵĶҲͰˣһ·ʲôԣʱվ̨㼦ֱ֮࣬ӵˣŹ֣
ͮеˡ֪һ·ߵôͲźˣԼҸɸ
ǿ϶Ҫģѧ鸴ȼ
ѧ˵Ǿʽϲ񣬵ͮʵġ
ĸѧɶʦѧȻΪŮദ࣬ȴһ𳤴ģ񳤵ֺÿû飿
Ҫ֪ѧ飬ѧҲǵͷģӶ
Ҳֲʶһռ˱ˡ
Ѿ䣬ѧϵǮƣΣԸĸġ
ôһ룬ִͮ
ѧߣͮ˼ʱ˳ǻ֡
;Ͼסһϣʱѧ͸Ϻһѷ˵籨ڣĺˡ
ӣѧһҶ
ѧһ·ֻԼ״̬ãͮӿžͲ̫ˡ
ͮС˶Ӳ·ͮš
⺢Ѿˣ·ʮͮһƽһֻҵĸ̫̫ͱ
ǰߵʱ򣬲һˤȥ
ɩӣɡѧĺз״̵
ˡͮƴǣ⺢صĺܡ
ǺأŲÿžͮšȥӣţкĶҪҪ屧
²ųŷ֡
²ţ¼˴ȻͽϺóµС档
׼һЩʳ֪ӣûó
Ϻ󣬵ķȴϺô£ͮ·Ư󷿣·ϴƯ·ػصŮˣЩĽ
ܿ죬ͰĽѹˡ
ܹǱϺҪõģɷԱҲȻܵ
ôţͮͷ
ʱ·ߵıͯűֽߺӢ۾ˣҿ
ȥܿܶߺ֮󣬹ȥ򱨡
٣дʲô£񿴵˺ܶࡣѧʡ
¥飡¥ǸҶһģձѧѧ죬Ҷ١
ԭ¥飡ҰһҪѧ
Цѧ֪ϲ¥飬ġ˼ǡıֽҶţпıֽҲš
лѧ
֮䣬ֺѧ˵¥飬СģȻֻ֣ȴѾҵҪıļд쾡£⡭飬е㵣Ĺڵ˿ҵˡ
˿ҵкοɵĵģѧʣ˿һֱǹҵĳڴͷ֮һҵӦᷢչԽԽá
ϾڵϲгۣҲ˿Ļ
ѧһֱѧʣܶ鲻֪̾
ѧۡ˿硷ⲿʱϺһЩˣҲⲿ˿硷
¥飬һһ
ѧĳȣɺ⼸ͲܰĿŵĵطȥд£
ʹˣ鲻һҪд£
ȷʵˣ䲻дθµģҲܴпٶĸΪλʧܡ̫߸ϣǲ֪ԭڱĨԼ
鲢ûֱдУҿ¾Ļײյ
ĳǺõģˣҲ˼
ĸﻹҪӰ𡣡

飬ٲֱ˰ЩߴϵͷȻˣˣǵС˵ġ
ÿѧһÿ
Ҿȡѧÿ
ϣٺСɣиý֡
ҿҪкýѣСɣֲʶһǸø٣
ҵǾСɣҰҺޣŲ˵ŻЩ˵ڣžʹ졣
ЩŮӣСɣĵܺùһЩ

ڵģСɣܸߵ󣬵֪ǿ϶ߵ
Ͼߡ
ңûߵСɣŮˣҲܹúá
Ǹǳѣ˵ҲԼŮˣܶŬ˿϶취Լá
һᶼŮ˵ġ


160 Ʋ
˿硷Ѿڱֽ˽, Ҳصϡ
, ˸̰ȥҽԺ, ȻȥʢŻ䡣
ǳΣҲˣҽ, Լ壬Ǹעģϰ£Ҳһֱš
ôţҲ׿гЧ
й˵ļⲻɴ, ʱûеףۺҩļҲͲ, ظܵ, Լ
ǺģЧҲ
һСʱվһ, ȥ˸̰ҽԺ
տʼʱ컹ţʱˣʢŪˮһ߳һ, ˣʢʢԵƷ, ûԡңϴ̫ˡ
̰ҽԺѾã̰ҽԺԼŪ˸Ϣң䶼ˣ͸Ϊȥ̰Ǳϴ衣
꣬ȵĺܡްϣһӣȻʹҴƽҽԺȥƽҽԺ·̰İ칫ߡ
ҽԺҽԱ죬ƼһĻֲ֣һЩ˺Ͳ˼ؿ
Щѧͷ
ѧ쵽Ϻģ֮Ϣһ졣
챾ȥݷüѣС²ԽԽˡ
ֱͮޣҲǳģΨСӳ£ǽһ磬æشСҽԺˡ
ƽҽԺǷƼģ˵ҽҽУкЩҽ˶ϲβ
֮ҽԺ治ָɾƯ
ͮźҽȥˣѧͷվ졣
˵ģ֮ǰձ˺ͻӢ顣
ҲѧձվڻӢߵģձ̫
ѧע⵽㣬üͷ΢壬˳ŷĻ˵ȥֻٲҲһԼ˼ձƴ󣬵ǵıɲʲô£ʮһ鷳ˡ
ȷʵˣǱֵۣ˵ǾҪôߡ
ǾҪˣѧ
̾⽻
ţͿ
ͷϵͷʪ͸˼ްϴͰ͵ĳʵе㲻ޱ߷
ҽԺģҲˣ̰ǩԼļĹˣġ
Щֻȥ̶ңһͷ޴ڸУȴͬŸҽԱϤҲúƣֱӾ¥ȥ
˭
ѧе죬벻ʷղ˭е졣
Ҳʶ
ѧҲ˿źᣬǰǰܹС
һı仯ܴ
²Ͳһˣʴһټһͳӣòմʱر
ѧЩ꣬ǱԼĸ˵²ӣ²н٣ټ²Ϊ񼸴죬ҲͶ²ǳϲԸ²Լǰε
ǰûúÿԼĶӣڼȻûϳ
ϳѧ
ԭļȫЩôҪģһ߲ˣѧˣȴǽ֮ǵúεġ
ɫ䣬Ҳ䣬ȴһ
Ȼ棬ַܿ
տʼдĵʱСģӲԼʵ˵Ҳܾ˱רãΪǸʱѧ̫Сˡ
ʱѧڱֽ֮ĵط˵ǲТӣҶѧ
ڣѾһˡ
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оĸ׺á
񣬼ѧʾϴԭѧϾԼĶӸѧǱȸĺõġ
ڡţѧ¹Ҳԭ
ôһ룬Ͳˡ
ֱӽ˸̰İ칫ҡ
̰ŵ㣬и˹绹һ̨ûʲôˣʱдһݷ
ӢǱߵĹԽԽ󣬹ԽԽ࣬Щ˵õнˮ֮󣬾ͰѼ˽ϺĽ˽
˻ΪЩ˵㣬ЩӢгˣӼӿĹˡ
Ӣ֪ҪôЩ飬ˡ
ڸҵͨУ⣬ȻҸһЩ顣
˵ӷָˣһЩרŮĹüȥԽרչ˹׶׶԰ԼרŸĶͯСѧ
˵ӢеĹˣʮģû飬Ƕиĸֵܽõģ÷׶԰Сѧûȥ
οЩеĹ⣬ӢĹﻹѾ˺ܶˡ
ô֮еĹˣͱȦһطˣӡ
ġͥģʽй֮󲢲ټʮڵĹʱȴǼΪӱġ
ͬʱΪ˽Եʣõôܡ
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һݣ˶湤֮飬͸ᷢˡ
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̰ϴ衣Ÿ̰Ц
ЦúܺÿעĿģͷĺ͵·
̰üͷ΢壺㴩ô·´ˣøɲɺˮ·ٹ
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ϸ̰Ŀ⣬еΡִȻģҲ˶ʮ꣬䲢Сֻ̰жʮʵѸ̰ܵܿ
Ȼ̰ͬܵܿ
Ȼ̰ѾΣʱʱģ̰ܿİݡ
ʵҪԷݡ
ȻˣСʱҲռˡ
ӵ̰ͱˣͦܵġ¥¿ѧˣûϳҡ
˵꣬Ͱ͵ؿŸ̰һ֮ܿ͸ˣԼ飬Ҳ͸˸̰̰ʱͺڣÿͬ顣
һӳ÷ɿ죬Ѿȸ̰ˣò˵һӡҪ
̰һֱǵǸݵƤͷꡣ
ѧϺ飬ʵ֪ˣҲһֱڵġô˵һۣǸεģ㲻̫
һܡ
̰ΪֵܲãӦģ취ñá
ЩȻ֪ģѧʵһ㶼ܡ
ô˵ֻǡ̰и취Ҳܡ
ʲô̰ʡ
һڡЦ
̰ͻȻϵЦеǷᣬͬʱҲʶǴһʼûܹ
ǸǳѵˣҰҺޣͲѧ׷ˡ
̰һֱϲһ㣬ʱҲţȥϴ裡
һڡ֡Ȼ׸̰̰㻹ͦϲû׹
̰Ŀڰ칫Ҵϡ
ģҰŷˡ
ԣԤı̰һڡ
ǡ
һŷſ̰ȥϴ衣
ȥҪ̲ס˵ˡ˵壬Ǿò
Լްȥ˸̰İ칫ͨĸ̰Ϣҡ
һŵ˴һ䣬װһˮͰһ̨棬һǣװ˵©Թԡ
ﻹ̰׼õģˮˮƿ
Լߵ·ﵹˮϴͷ·ϴ˸衣
ϴ꣬ϸɾ·˳Լµ¿ϴϴȻɹϢҵ̨ϡ
ɹ´ιʱÿԻ
ϴʱ򣬸̰ȰԼдӢķӣźһˮȥԼ칫ҵš
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кܶҪ
ȻڡȾдϣ±Ǳߵĸˣ˿硷ÿ춼ҪдģоѾӪıҲܷ
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̰ϻ£ڹ¶ԺԹ뿪ˣȴҵȻԼѧ񣺡ҽ쿴ѧˡ
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ǲǵľͺãǶŵ㣬ȥ
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ദĲ࣬ѧֲã˵˵һȥʲô飿
Թŵĸ飬ȶѧ
֮ǰһĸѧΪ֪Լ˸ѧʲô
ʶ˸أѧ˵Ҳʲôˡ
ѧѧϾһ˫Ůĸף˫ϣȻľͳԿˡ
Ϻôطǲ˵Ҳ
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кܶ˸ȥμӻԶȥȥ˳Ѽ˵˵⡣
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һдʫģҲĳģ¶Ժ־Ըߡ
Ϊ¶ԺԺʶܶˣȻҲܵһЩ롣
Ͼҳ󲻿ǲ̫ϲ˵Щġ
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⵹Ҳǡеɡ
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Щ˶飬ѧȴθʱ̣ΪʱƽѧΣ֪ܶʶǽ̸ʱžѧʶԨ
ʱضӢģһ˾塣
ܶԼŬȴǾŬ˵ġ
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ȻᳫһһޣʵȢ̫̫㲻Ȣ̫̫ЩҲвҺ֪ġ
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ЩͱԹǵɷ
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Լ˵ָᱻѧͮˮ˵ˣЩˣĸֵģЩΪ̫̫ܰԭԭŮϳˡ
Ժ˵˭Щȫؿ
ǰ򡣡Цѧݹóɹףû֤ѧͮ˽ٰ֤ʽ
ѧͮޣְߣҲˡ
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飬¥иŮڶСѧǼôãƽţһֱΪҸɷӦһ۰ӣΪˡ
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Ϊ֮ǰ˵˵ʱӦҲʡǲ˵ɷöá
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ǰģǰһֱڼչ˹ţ糵ûûӣſʼҹʱӸңûԡ
ѵѣ
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¥ʱ

ҶӣҲ¥ʵʮˣʱֻʮꡣ
¥ʮꣿ˶ˣò־
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о¼飬Ҳȫ˵ˡ
ϺͶ׵ģϧ˼ҲǣֲˣҺͲֻܰϴ·׬ǮҺúĲˣ˸ڲ͹ݹĻ
дˣϧһʼֽʶ𡣡
Һú͹ݵϰƣЩǮڱҪĸӣǵӲźù

Щ˵Լı飬֣ͬ˲ᡣ
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Щһ۾صȥ˳ϰԷ
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ѧϺ¥ƹ֮ģ¥Źܶ˶Щ˼ţǼõġ
ˣϯ¥һÿ䣺¥Ҷˣдʵ
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ѧ飿ʡѧһξʽǰͷһһŮ飬Ƕ֪ģҲ֪˽ӵˡ
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ݵĽûãӦӦ
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161 
ѧһۻ, Ǹѧһձѧġ
Щ, ѧ, ǹõˡ˾ЩǮƣбֵܽãĸҲ, Ǯɲǵģѧ¼ҵǮȫϡ
ЩĽѧģѧ˵ĳӲЩƽ, Ȼ׷װοѧ
ѧغúùһ⺢ӣǵ, Ǹĸ, ѧҪһ㡣ĸ簮ԽȥƵѧУʦտš
ѧҪһ㣬ѧȢ, ôԼͷģȴձѧ꣬ڻصеʱֱӾͱĸȥ, þҪϾϵ
᲻¸ĸͰˡ
Ҳ˵һȥ, ŮҲýܽӾЩȥѧУŮˣ˷׵ġ
ȢȢˣúøദģӾܾ
Ƕʱˣ飬Ӹ¹򡭡
ͦģ֪Ҳףᱻ˱û롣
ƹˤˣֻ֮Ҫ˵Ļ˵飬˵ʲôˣʼѧ֡
Ѿ㡣
ȱ㣬簮ӡ
Ϊ˱⺢ӱӳ軵ֻܽȥѧУ顣
Ҳ׷׳⡣
ѧ˶ӵĻƶϽģҲѧҼʱʱŶӵġ
Ǹ˻ʶһˣʢԣ֮ǰ˵Ϲ죬ǻ˼ǧԪŭˣȥԺץ˳Ƶ׳ٲȥԺˡ
ѧԼ˵ЩеΡ
ʵûôܹ²
ȻˣЩ˵еģ²ֳʲô׵ҲҪҪܹܲС
ϺҸϸѧУȥ
ôţѧʹڶȥ
Ӧֳֳסַ֪ġ
ĸ׵ĺѣȡŹѧʺǲͳɶʦ
λʦЩظŻֲʶһΪֻһŮŮԵʣʦǷǳ۰ģŵʱ޲ֹûˡ
ȻҪҲΪʱѾˣ޲ȥ
ʦ֮֮£͹һֵĶӣգ첩Դꡣ
岻ã缸ȥˣȥ첩ԴͱҵĲҵᵽϺ˸ӡ
첩Դǰͽᣬдţ֪첩Դסġ
ҪϺͶףҵĿ϶ֳ
ѧջؼҺ󣬾ͮҪ첩ԴĵַǼиӵģרż¼Լֵַ֮࣬Ȿӣһֱͮš
ͮѧԼҪַЦȴվһǱ˳ֵһȥɣҪЩƷ
ҲáѧӦˣǲͷŪƷЩģֵ㿴׼ɡ
ͮͺǹ͵ӶˣӶȥЩԲ֮õƷ
ԼӲţҪڼտ
ѧҪȥ첩Դͮһ㶼ĵģ֪첩Դ
첩Դѧǰͽᣬѧ̺ôѧյ첩ԴѹͲء
ͮлظ
첩ԴϵһʼֻΪ˴飬֪֪ˣһǰ԰첩ԴĶͽŹΪն첩ԴҪĸˡ
첩ԴȻͬ⣬ĸͶʱ˸ˡ
˵Ҫͮ⣬¼˻첩ԴĿܶѧӣǿɶǲԸѧģ
⣬²ͲСˣԹˣѾʵ˶Ǯһûʲô
ͮдţ˸桭
浱ͷĻȥ
ڶգͮһͿֽԤϵѧϺı
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ڶԹ緹Ӷ˿ӣѧͮһȥ첩Դס
첩ԴסϺسǵߣ֮ǰһסҦúԶΪ֮ǰŴδˡ
Ϻ˸ʳ꣬棬ҲһЩũ绨ƶ̶֮ࡣ
ѧ޶˹ȥʱǵͷɡ
첩Դȴڹ̨һվƣԡ
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첩ԴƼһ㶣漴кôˣ
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ͮƮƮɨ첩Դһۣ첩Դһ˿ڿˮȥѧ
ѧûע⵽첩ԴԼӵġüͷ첩Դɣ
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޸Ǹιģƺʩƽ֪ĸȱǮ˼Ǯȥ
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ͬҪ̵ģѧװ
ϺͮһЩǮ࣬˶õΣֳϣִĽӣɵӡ
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ոЩ˵ԼǰһЩ֮Щ˾Ҫһһٿ޵
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ЩˣҪȥλлƷġ
Ƚһεĵꡣ
β˽⣬ֻţЩ˵һԸԼĸĵطѾǼΪТ˳ıˡ
ҼǳСӣϸҳ
˵ˣڼ˵Σҡ
ãиôõĶӡ

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˲Σ֮Ҳ˼۸񲻹󣬵ճͦÿƷʽ֮ࡪ֮ǰ仹и̰͵ζ̫ˣ
Щһͨ䡣
Ǵ֪дȻ׬˵ǮΪ֮ѾˣβҲҪģġ
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ȥһСʱ˳ƺ˿ӻ߸ΪУһң˿ģĵԱ˵򵥵ӢĲ˵мŮ
˪ں֮඼ܹ󣬵Щ˶ȱǮʱ۾գһ¡
򣬵һȦһ˪һ֧üʲһ֧ں졣
㿴ˣǸŮ˵С˿ŲЦܺÿһŮָ÷ĸԼŮ˵
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ŮμˣҴ뿪һŮЦߵĸףǲ˼飬ᡭôԼƤģ
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˵̬ȺܺãƤĲãϵë׷ǳֲ˵кܶරӡ
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Ůʧ̾˿ЩģȻʧǸԹϺ
ĵĲ࣬ܿͽ̸ȻЩѿ͸ϲˣС»˵İ
񶼻ȻҲᡣ
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֮󣬻ʣСûϲŮӣ
иŮ൱ҪҪ
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¼ǸгϢģŮ˺ϧŮӼ޸Ȼܹӡ
ʱ顣ԣЦžܾ꣬Ҫչҵߵģܻ
ô˵Щ˶ʱ˰ŮֶŮܸĴ㡣
Ҫˣָһߺüꡭ
Щ˹һؽ֣͵õ긾Ůϲ
Щ˵ɷпģģдѧԱǵŮҲ༫Ϊɫ
ţԺѧ֣ҲȻкܶվԼߡ
պһȥ²ͻؼˣûȥ¶ԺǱߡ
ؼҺ󲻾ãҵĴžͱˣŵǸ̰
̰ôˣЩϲ
¸˵̰
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㸸ϺһΪ˰ձˣһ桭¥ġ̰
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ʱһãĳɾͣᱻΪȫΪѧ̵úá
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𣿡ʣҪҪҼҳԣ
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ջ²񣬻¶һЦݣš硣²ɩӣ︵̰׻Ǻ˸硣
̰²ӣ֪²Ҳ֪Լˡ
С֪Ҫŵ㡭̰Цóһֱ֧͸²񣺡㡣
²ϲؿŸ̰ôû뵽Լһ䡰硱ܵõһ֧ɿ˽ʡ
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磬ԺԷ²ϲ̵ضԸ̰ȻվǱʸ磬Ǹıأ㣡õıͦ󣬵绹ʼĺܱ˵ıʡ
Цˡ̰֧ʣһ֧ǰ͵ģֻǸ̰˺ܾõġڹˡ
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Ȼû𣬸̰˿ֿ䣬˿عϾ͸˵ˡ
˻ͦټģٸ̰²ˣͶûԹֻһ飬ʣµûһͱǳԹˡ
Ա㣬ְѸ̰ȥԼķ䡣
Ȼʼʩװİ˿عԼֻһڣͱǳˡ
̰Ѿ֪·ˣеΣô
˺ܶ࡭ҳζЦ
̰֪
ζỵ̰́Ƿʽġ
ֻһͣµʱַΪ˺üΡ
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ˣƿ˵СˣɤӵˣѧȥμӺҾٰᡭǳᣬӦҲյˣ
յˡȻյȥڡ
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ȥʢԣʢһھʹӦ͵ʱҽ㡣
̰Ǯһã˾ˣʱĳʽ϶ǳ硣


162 
ʱϺ, ҹѾǳḻˡ
ܶһҹžͬϺҹΪ, ÿ춼оۻᡢᡢɳҹٰ졣
ҵ, ҲϾٰġ
ȥμҪ׼Ķܶ࣬²ѧУ˼٣Ҳûȥ¶Ժ, ֮ȳ緹ˮϴͷϴ衣
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ʢôͬʱ, һ£˳ԣϵ, ûкʵ·¿, ʢÿ¶ôԼ߰ٸķֺ죬ϳʢ֮ͷµķֺ챻ʢˣֱκͤ衱, ʢһֱ
ð첻μ·
ģ·һеģϴλؼңԼ·ˡʢԵĸ׺áкʵ·𣿡
СЦ̰²׼·, ǳƯ
꣬ȥ˸̰ϴ衣
ϴ֮, ԱлΪɣ˸̰üڡ
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̰ؼҵġ⳵ǳ£˾ոµװźɣϣԼ̰˵ĸо
һҪ׬ǮðѸ̰
ؼҵʱ²Ѿϴˣøɲͷװ˼ްΡ
̫עĿ۵δ²ȴ෴صġ
²
ԭȻѧͮҲ²ȴͬ
Сﻹסݵʱ򣬶ԸǷǳĽģƫƫȥ˱ȫǲ˵ͮ۸ǡ
һֱ²䶼ǶѧŭģԽŭԽʾѧ
ѧһ̶ϣħˣ϶Ҫѧǰġ
ʵϣΪŻӦҲȥ
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ԸЩСĽϲԼԭġȻ˺ܶ࣬ѧû̫⡣
ڽ˼֮󣬾ѧϲҲ
ʱĺܱûá
ȻˣѧŮܣǰǸߣǲӦõġ
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˵ζһ׵ģ·ɫҲ䣬ǴãѾͬǸ̰͵·͵߰ɣҴȥͷ
²ʪͷˣͷ
ǰȥ̸ͷЦȻ̷ͷżһҲûϵ²ȻѾװȻҪһʵķ͡
ʱʱֵķˣ²ȥһһ¼ͦõġ
Ǽſͣţȥ֮ţڳһϳƣ²ϳڼ䣬ԼַڳϷ²ײͷ
²ûչ˹һʱ䶼Ǻ
֮˸ʻλϣͬʱЩεط֣ĵ½ʢһߡ²С
ʱүִĳҪխСֻܶ࣬ˡ²ĽСģʱټȥһСû⣬뼷ȥǲС
ȻˣҪǾܶһλˣȻῪ
ϱôĸĿȥѧ
ˣʱ͸ʢԹһưˡ
˾Ͳżˣ˾ȥһ˿ͷ
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˵дС˵ʱʱдŮԣŮ׷ƽȣҲԭġʱŮ˵ĵλ̫ˡ
͵ִ
˵1920꣬ҲǼϺߵ¹һ棺һ·ΪС̻¶ֻġʽײ࣬װ̻ۡ¶ߣ׼³Ͱ졣
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ҺãһЩд·ԣֹŮԽԼŮܵĲƽһ㡣
ҲǸʱŮԿʼܾعţԼĳ˵ĳƵۡ
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ʦǵĳһЩ䡣
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ͷܿˣ²ͷȴ˺ܾòá
Чͦġ
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ڣǵͷʦյù̵ĻǯǺͷŪˣƽġ
û̷õĹǻǯ
̷û֣ͷһֻͭɵĻǯ̵ģǯǯһԲģһǰԲģִͨʹõľ
ֻǯҪûȣͷܲףƫƫһͷˣҪʮǮ²˼Ҫʮ顣
⻹ûʦ̵ԵʣҵʦͷҪһٿ顣
û취ʱͷ̫ˣ̷ҩˮȫڣҪס̼ءĦȰϸıãҩˮȫҲû
˱ϺЩУطͷûط̡
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õģһԼһ׸Ƥɵӣһ̿Уȼյ̿úһ죬ͷʱѧͽķ磬ʦȷͷ̷Ů˵ͷԴͷ߸ͷ͡
̺ͷѾһˣȴ²ȥͣ˿ȣȻִȥǰЩȥ˪˿ĻױƷӡ
ϴʱ򣬾ע⵽ĵŮӲ˵˻ױ
²ǲữױģ˵ױͿں졭ʹ˰ǻױ
ױҪǮëǮǵͰ²񻯺ױȻˣõĻױƷԼġ
²ӣƤҲúܺãԭܹЩ覴õģ˵²üëͦŨЩˣֱ˵ı࣬мϸСȸߵġ
ڡ²üëޣϵȸߣҲ۱ڸǡ
ʮ񣬻ױԺ˵ʮ߰꣬Ҳŵģ²ڻױ֮󣬿ųࡣ
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չʱûССģȫǸСӣһһֱڸƼĻʳǼԵļã²ֵ˷ͣͷɿس߷ˡ
ʮôһ磬žǸˡ
״ǻϲǵġ
һҪС￴㣬Щ˰Сƭˡ
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ʱ·ϸ졣ҪţһСĻưԱĿ졣
Ȼˣ컹⣬ݵ
еĻưܹ˵ģôһɵĺܡ
ʢȴʢԲڣǴװƣκͤš
УЩȣʢأ
װӻȥˣ㡣κͤվЦЦǳɢϵƣɫ 
ʢ˵ҪʢԸϳţ˵˵ѣʵͷΪʢѧá
⼸ʢѧˣͿʼҪʢԽӻؼˡ
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ʢһֱʢңʢ룬ôܲͬ⣿ҲʹӦ
ӦҪôᡭ
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κͤ˿һͲ˵·顣
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ȻǿԵġǸ˾һڴӦȻ˳ư뿪ˡ
˾һˣߺκͤ˼ʻ˳ӡ
һ·˺ܶ࣬κֲͤżˣţ·첻˶١
һΣκͤæ
У㾡˵ĥţκͤȱǮˡ
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ԭĥҪʲô͸̰κͤҪõĻȽκͤҲǿԵġ
ȻκͤҪǮ
κͤʵҲæӦŮʿæǰЩӣҰŮӼнչˣŮʿæչˡ
κŮĸĸչ𣿡Щ⡣
κͤǵģԲԲ֮ǰһֱչˡǺ۰ԲԲʱҲͺܷģҪԲԲš
κͤ˵ֲ꣬һ䣺ŮκΰɵΰСԲԲ
κͤѾʮ꣬ȴֻôһŮŮǼģŮ֣øһ
֮ǰΪ̫࣬չŮһֱΣ벹ŮƫƫÿλؼȥĸŮӴŮҲϲһֱ
ʱһκͤҲЪ˸Ů׽Ĵ㣬ֱκǸһֱչΪ׽ĹܼҼŸ˵ĸĸڸŮš
κͤŮ꣬͵ŮĳЩ˿Ÿոպá
ʱϺȵأܶ˼ѾŮˣϾͷЩгϢʿϲȢŵŮˣŮӹʲôţ
СطȴȻڸŮӹš
ţǻẦŮӵһġ
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վվȻʲô
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ʱܶŮˣСܵʽǽԼܵĲȻһ㲻⡣
ǲԼĵ£ȺŮˣЩѰŵŮˡ
ִҲкܶŮһһŮŮ̥ΪӣμʲôŮ°࣬˵ʱˡ
κͤŮСκͤǸϵã˵ͨģκͤûദ죬Ըκͤģ
˸չǸӻ˵Щ˵ʲô˼ҵСҪšҵģֲһֱŮʿչκ֪ͤҵҪе㲻̫ʣѾûбİ취ˡ
κôŮǺԸæչ˵ģʱڹ¶ԺǱߣչˣҪڹ¶ԺǱߴˡ
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κͤˣӦõģʵڹ¶Ժͦõġ
κͤˣɺܶ࣬ʣˣǽôôãκͤСڴ֮ң鱦Ƿǳ˽ģҲͰˣ²ϵ鱦Ҫ
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κͤҲᣬҸҲμӣǾͺúʰһ¡Щ鱦Ǹҽġ
ԭκͤ˵̰ú󡭡ȷʵǮκֻͤ˵ġҽġǸҽǵ˼ûʲô
ԭԼѣǸпģȴЦ
κͤʱֵˣ㸸סѧ
˵Լľһ֮ǰûѧ֡
ϲȦʵµĸ٣κͤһһ׼Ҳ֡
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κͤô˵ȷʵôһˡ
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룬Ӧ
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ѧκͤĸоܸӡ
ʱκͤһ飬ʱκͤȫУķ
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ҲκͤұȣͲ̫ˡ
ܶһӣܶôǮ
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κͤüΪӢ棬װǸɫ١κͤȻ뿪κңôԼ·óˣ˵װֲʱĵҲ
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ȻˣŮעĿΪúãϾϣúÿŮӲټ
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κͤƺʲô֪ѧһʣκ֪ͤ˭𣿡
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ĸ״ȻôƯ³ЩȣӲ⡪ĸ׾ȻôӶˣϹ˰ɣ
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ѧѣվѧߵġ
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κͤŮˣѧһȣһϷ
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κͤŮ鱻ˣͲȥ׷һκͤϵЦ
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䲻ǺǮʶܶˣҪ輸㲻ʲô˵ģ˵ղŰߵĻ٣ָͷ©ʲôֵˡ
ҵˣ㱦ʯ֮Ķ÷ǳ󣬵˵ʵ˼˵ֶѹͲϴľͲ֪жˡ
ټ˲ٻȿȡ
˵Σָ˵ͷ顣
Щ긾ˣû̹ͷģ˵ͷϸڣһýζģ˱ʾҲҪȥһ
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ô֪ģһ漴ʵԭļ䣬Ѿ֪ͮˣû뵽Ȼô


164 Ļ
Ӣһ, ѧͮϺ֮ȥҹǸ˾ˡ֮ͮ͸Ǹ˾˽Ӵ˼, Ǹ˾˸˵ȥ, ǻװˣߡҲˣҵĻ, ǽ´ֵµģ飬˵ˡ
鵱ȻûôɣҪܵһֱ˶ѧͮһֲ¡
֪ͮĴ֮, Ǿֻһ뷨̫ͮˣ
ͮ˹ݣ, ֮ǰһ֮ǰ, ᲻飿
ܵѾȥˣʱȣһʱ仹û鵽
Ӣ͸̰ʼһ֮ǰ飬Ҳһ
ԭ, ǴִԽʱģԣѧϲѡͮ£, Ҳ˸ѧݡ
ϲɣ˾㿷޵, ӹûٹִʸǾӸ߲¡
ڶԶŮáִɥżʽ˺к飬Ҳټ
ѧƷ⣬Ҫ˵ѧʲôģʵûеġ
񣬶ûôѧ
Ͼǿһһ䵽ĵزиԭ
ǵʱĽٷˡ۵¼ˡаǵ첩ԴЩһһҵı硣
Ȼй²⣬¼˲סãͮΪԼģûʲô֤ݣҲԴ׵Ů˼ƽϣû
ֻҪԼúþˣͮŮˡãôϲѧͰźˣǰôô޹ء
ʱѹͲѧǣģҲüƽǰ顣
Ҫѧͷϣûμᡣ
ǣͮϺĶơ
Ҫûӹȥȥѧͮôһˮʲô³
һ㣬ͮѧĿʱͱˡ
ͬʱҲʶԽǰЩ飬ֱͮʡ
Ҫǿ˵Ǻԭˡ
лٸ֪
лӢ˰֣ˣǸ˾˵ĶӵĹҲͮ˰ŵġ
첩ԴԭʱͰᵽϺסˣҲ͹ʱס죬ԭǸ˾ʵûʲôӡ˾˲£Ϊб׸ߣ¼˸ǰԭҲû̫¡
ԭˣҲû⣬û뵽˾Ȼͮϵǳ
˾ˣͱͮͨˡ
Խ֮Ѵ⣬Ҫչ˺²ҲѴ⣬ԭѧ
ѧϺѧһûѧıһաѾѧͷãԷƹ㡣
飬ͻϱ
ԭһҵ顭
Ӣ٣æ
ʲô£Ӣʡ
Ϊ´𣿡ʡ
´ˣ֪ġ
ںڵӰƷʱֵ֣ģĶӽ
Ϊ´ĺ硣
´Ϊε±ѣһȥϺ߽žͱͶˣǸ˹Ϸ֡
ʱֻǸ竣Ϊųɲټڽ´˱ǻ
˶Ϊ飬Ҫزһӣû뵽Լϵɵ֮󣬾ȻһתͶ˾ž鱨ŪɱˣȻھ̨֮ϺԼһ
һֱɵй뿪Ϻȥ˸̣ΪЩֿգںͦܶƷɸĪĻС
֪ǽ´ӽ㲻ϺˣĲ˵ѻƬ¶Ǿһֱиɡ
ٱҪõ㣬ôûҲֻġ
ԭ뷨Щ飬ǲܵģڣҪҽ´æǿԼ֪һЩ
ԡ㣿ӢʣͬʱʼĥҪô´Կڹ´ʵһϵûУͮҵǸ죬ѹͲǽ´¡
´ɲʲôèյģ
ǵġ
УҰԼӢһڴӦʱ֪ͨ㡣
л
л֮ǰҲҴæǵʱ̫æûлл㡣ӢдĿձ˵£İǷǳģҲ¡´Ұݰӵֵܡ
ʷûµģһֱɽôԼĺЧӦǾ鷳ˡ
Ҳûʲô鷳ġߣȥܳӢֵ̰š
ӢܳɣⳡǣҵĴү
ܳǶʮģڹ꣬Ѿʮꡣ
Ӣعǰ͸λʶعҲûϵк⣬˹ϵʹֱȥܳǱߡ
ܳڸĸסܡ
㴩ӣɺͳ
ڹҶô
ڹڣõһİףʲôӣ
Ҵɫĺÿ

ſ˿ţƼӢ̵үˣ
Ȼֹһųΰֵˣһݸ߸ŰɫװӴ˳
˿δһˡ
˿ŻӢЦº񣺡ȮӵİɣѾ׼ˡ
ȴԼϵİװЦɷ翴Σ
ӢӢ
ܳɳ㲻öôӢˣһֻҪرֺûԼĺܸɾ˾ܿòˡ
ܳɵ֪۹ãˣλǣ˵ţͿ
Ӣ¥
ԭ¥ܳЦſٵرԹԭôСֲôɫĴ˶ܺȥдݡ
ܳô˵˵ѧɱȼʵ˵ϲˡ
á
Ҳáܳɵһع֮󣬾Ϳ飬ҪٶСɣ¶֣ҿҪ鷳ˡ
Цġ
ܳǸΪóյģͺ
ʱ¥£ͮȰѧ
ỹûʼѧͶ˸ܸоΧ˿Ŀⶼˡ
£Ҳеȥ뿪
ͮߣʱһߣͳģޣ
ͮѧ⺢ӶԹϢ˶˵һӣиҹ𣿡
ͮ˵Ϣ˶Լ˵һѧŭ
ֵͮ¥ҲǺ£ǸӣЩ˵
¥ôѧĶӣһǱ䲻˵ģôڣȻܺú¡
񡭡ͮԶһۣһҪ뷨񶪸
ѧͮ⻰ǲˡ
ѾüûǨˡ
Źһ飬⣬Ǻѳġ
Խһܵ÷ǳɣѧԼģǾֻǮʵûʲôȨ
ʱддµҲʹˣ²дˡ
ڸ½֮࡭֪ЩһֱҲ֪Լˡ
ǰ׻ĺͱƹ㣬ǿġ
ϺԶֵͮߵ飬Ǳߵֲ֪
ѧıɶˡǸӵģǰ;
ͮ״һѾסѧˡ
ڣڡŮˣǸ˳ûģ˵մļΪƯҲϹʣҪôŮˣʵڼ򵥵ĺܡ
ЩţͿѧͮ˹
ѧʮĲŷ棬
ͮС꣬ʮһ䲻Ǿɫʳڡ
վһǼΪġ
˵ʵҪ֮ǰһûõͮѧȢӡ
ϾǵͣǿŲġ
һߵЩˣôŷ̵Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ѧĿ⣬Щѿͮȴɫ䣺㣬治˼ǶԲ⺢Ӳ˽⣬
ǿ£Ѿ϶ϴˣֻҧ£ԸӦǫһ£˵ԼҲд
ͮô˵
Ȼǰڱ⺢Ҫܺúö飬иƾҲڸϺʱֻܸ˶ӡ
ǰͮǸѧԱ߶ţǲ˼ƽϵġ
ڣһ̬ƽˣǰˣһ棬ʶĶˣҲ֪ͮˡ
οΪ˴Ūô
⻰һ˿ѧͮı飬͸мˡ
Թô󣿡ѧֲʶһûа취ҲŻ飬Ҳ㡣ԴŶŮסϼңԼҪϺģ
ݵķضˣȥҪôѾˣסҲУöס²ͻȻվ۾ѧ㾹Ȼ˵ЩʵĻ
˵ĵط𣿡Ů죬ѧŭ
㲻ǽƽôͲ˵滰ˣ²
ôô˵ֵͮ¼˻Ҳ֪
¼˲Ǹߣǵ֮ǮֻԷҸ϶飬϶ûϢǴ̵İɣ²ֿͮ
˵ʲôѧ
²ѧǲǺ˵Լһ࣬ҹ𣿽֮ʹǹúò𣿡
²˵Ѿ˿ǻ
ͻӢһ¥ÿһĻ
Ӣ֮ǰߣһ䣬û뵽֮²Ȼѧˡ
ӢЩ˼ԼıӣȴǴ˹ȥ
񡣡һ
硭²ۿġ
ߣΧޡ
²һ㶣漴ۡһſϿ
ִȥʱͦŵģʲô鶼С
ʵϣʱ򣬷⽨˼ھ˵Ժٹ̡
ΪǱѹֵ̫ˣЩ˲ŻһЩ
Щѹû¼Ǹֳ鱻¼ˡ
Ĳ˵ʱĸĸԶŮĿȨͱִʱˡ
˼ңŮĸǴ˺ӣҲû˻ᱨ١
²ѧǲ̫ʵģ²һޣҶҲͲʲôӡˡ
ϾС
²޵غģȻ޵ģĿʼ֮ȴɲסˣԽԽ
һޣѧҲͲȥѵˣͮ˵ʲôҲڸǡ
Χܶ˲֪ѧ²ĶԻֻ²ޣѧˡ
ЩˣǱվ²ߵģһ߰ο²һ߻ѧۡ
ϳ˷ʶѧˣڣЩ˶Ըȥѧ˵
ϾѧЩ¶ĺܿЦһӢվߵġ
ѧɨһȦڴȥˣһ֣ȥ
ͮ״æȥ
ĸ仯ֲ̫˺ãֻܴӳ顣
ӳ飬Ҳס
֮ǰΪ˱ȻʵˣҸ죬ٲڡ
ͮ˼
ĿͮԶȥҲͷ
ѧˣȴճʼ
²ȥϴһ£һߣûױݿС⣬ûб⡣
񣬲ҪΪɵ²Դ
š²˵ͷģҲΪɵˣ֮ǰһֱһ̣ǳܣڣѾγˡ
Ȼ˴֮ͦ۵ģ˿ڳܳá
ʱ
²ֵ磬ҵͷˣʮǮأϼëǮױѾ޵ˣͷʮǮķһҪã
Цʱʽʼ
ܳɴһװ࣬˺ܶˡ
ʹ󶼾ⲻҲ˾ܳǳ˧Ů߶˰׻ɴ
ٰĺ֣μˡ
ӢϺʱȥμӹӭᣬʱǸСɫҲûעڣѾһˡ
кܶ˹̸иѧģиĸģڽ¿ϵǹ档
Щһߣ²Ҳʶ˲ˡ
ִЩ˶ῴŮˣ˵ʱˣһֱͷƲµ£ĳЩ˵Ựڨڨġ
Χ˶Լĸ̬ȣȻǸܵ˵ģû⡣
һĶǼˡ
Ѿѧ˺ܾõģ֪Լǲܸ˽
ȥȥɡκͤ˹Ҵȥ
κͤ񣬾͸һ˴к
ǸѧӢĵģЩ˵ӢĶܱ׼Ҳûʲô
Ȼһʼ˵ʱ˵ĿĿİģģǾԽԽ˳ˣ񻹷֡ʵҲ¡
κͤЩ˽˵ǹ¶ԺԺʱҲһֱĹ¶Ժ˵¶Ժ˵¶Ժĺӵʱˣڷһ
ǾһŮ˲ͷ¶ЩˣҲòܳɫ
ԣѧǷ˰ɣȻõӶӶҪ
˱ˣȫȢ̫̫ʲô飡
ѧΪʲôҪ顣
źҪζЦѣ
ѧŵ㣬Ҵˣ˼֮ǰҲǲʶֵģһֱŬѧϰԼӵ
ؿŸ˽
֪ͮĵϸԲϲͮڽ֮ǰͬģͬڡ
Ҳ
ⳡᣬʽϺĶʿɡ
ɲСûٺٶ̸
в˼һдƪС˵ģƾʲôЩۣƫƫЩ˵ˡ
ᣬŽ
²һؼҾ˯ˣѧͮȴ˯š
ãڶ쵥ȥ⣬ѧҪдһƪ£ָһ
ˣҲѧĶӣ겻ϵףϢ˻Ÿףʲô
ĺܺãȻϣѹûлؼңֱȥ˴ڱ༭Ȼҹд£ҹ˿ˡ
˺ƹ飬Ͷ쿯ǵġ
ǵڶѧϺıֽʱȿ걨дģ¥һһֱԸһʹñ¡
̾˺˱ֽ
ıôõ飬Ȼô˽غˣ
ⲻǽغģȻôôɣ
ѧһʱ˼ӿȪ̾Ҫô˵Тˡ
Ȼţڴڱϣ¥һƪ¡ҵ꡷
ƪµĿͷĳĳգĸҸ飬ãӱݡ
дʵǣһ٣Ҳûпңûᵽѧֻ֣ǽ¼˺첩Դ̻ľ֣д¥ڵļ
˿𲡣ֻס©ķӣж᲻ӣȥҹΪ̫ݱ˵ѻƬģΪ׬Ǯֻڲӣ칤һϻҪдѧΪܹ壬òװԼСˡ
дģļᡣ
Ȼˣ϶ѧ
ѧˣһ˫
ͨƪûָֻҪǿµˣ֪¥ôȫΪ׸ĸ飬ˡ
õúܣӣһ˼԰


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ǰһϴڴڱǱдһֱд賿, ؼҵʱ賿ĵˣڶľͱ
Ȼ, Ҳû̫, ʱҲϰ˾ŵ㡣
Ѿʮˣ²˯Ҳƽ, ͬˣʱͷϰɴںࡣ
, Ǹɶأʡ
Լͷϵɴⲻͷ˯Ϊ˲, ſ˯ġ
²Ҳǡջʲô, һСľͻͷŪ࣬ǾͰˡ
²һʼǲ֪ͷļ۸ģҪ֪, ϶̡
Ҫ֪һӵĻʳѣһ¶ʮǮ⻹ʢԺʢ, ż͸̰Ҳԡ
Ȼͷʦ˵ͷͣϴҲ, Ǻϴ֮ûЧѾٶʮϴͷˡ
ˣΪ˲Ūͷ˯ɼʱȻҪ

࣬üƺõ飬˼ֳһˣ˵ܲ
˺࣬ǱˣǾöյġθͦ󣬹ܾò̫
Ҫ˶þҪ緹ˣҲûҪٳʲô
²ƽҲͦæģûչżѵпգɴʰȥ¿ǱߣҲ͸Űæ
һۣûš
һֱ˵Ůƽȣ˵Ҳͷ飬Ǿɣ
һæŴɨʱ¥Щߣвٺۿ
ԴʼڴڱС˵ڱԽԽˡ
ڱߣ׬ǮȻҲͿʼץֽˡ
һ⣬ڱַ˼ֽ߳걨űңңֽ
ѾһʵĶߡ
죬еЩߣдġҵ꡷
һڱѧӱߣǰҪʱ
Ǵǳģò׻صݣѾ꣬ҹ·ϳԵġ
صݣΪܰٷˣֱ¼ѹ
ƪûд¡϶ûдôдģ޹ģˢɫᣬ幫ϵǹһ棬ڴŴĹĵ㣬˵ﲻǼҵˣסá
˾ϺӣǲֶѧŹȥб۾˵϶ûֳų޵ӵϰףûƽȥ
дһҵļҲдĲμһֵֿĸо´ˣˮ͸ݶķ϶£һ
ˣǽϧճסҿθ
͹ݵĹǼҲõģڲٶӣÿնʣµԡ

ڱģܶ඼¥ķ˿
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ͷʶֵģͥٶûôӵģͻȻһƪ¡
һ
긾õڱ֮Ƚ濯ǵġ˿硷Լ
˿硷ǻûлָ䣬ڰСɣϡ
ΪԵʺһпеĲ϶һ˾ҪѪ޹ˣ˱Сġ
ʱϵͨգжûоģˮȥ֮󣬷ˮ죬ˡ
֮ǰǴΪѪ没ʱ˹һЩƯ׷ۣǼӵˮȥȡ
СɣһЩƯ׷۱ܵĺܺãп֮󣬾ȻЩƯ׷ȫЩϡ
СɣˣԹ˷Ѷ󣬺ܶ˼Ĳ϶ˣҲСɣĲһ鶼ûС
Сɣ϶ǣǰӦרŰϵģԼҲôá
ǾҪò׬ǮǷӡ
֮긾˵ž͵û뵽ϾȻôĽ
ǰ긾˵Щ˾Ȼú˻ϣѧϣŹֿµġ
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ҶŶʱ¡
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ǰ⺢ۣ
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ϱһ߿ޣһ߾ҪúöһԼЩСӡ
ĳŮѧ
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ڱǲ˶ģ˶ῴϣվ˴ڱڿ
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˿硷Ǹѧһ˴ϲ¥Դ
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ǸˣΪҺڣȻԸȥ͹ݹʵ˾塣
һֱΪ¥Ӧʮԭʮ
ǲŻ磡
ֲŮӣǶһϧԭĸ飬ĸΪ

ЩŮһ۾
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Ůǻ뷨ЩӾǵľˡ
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ҸøѧѧģЩȣۣ治ֵһᡣ
¥ôĻУҲԼĸ׺顭һֱҪŮԣҲԴһĸ֡

дġҵ꡷һ֡
ΪԵʣкܶ飬ʶ֮࣬һʴģע⵽ˡ
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Ƶ飬ܶطڷ
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ȻҲҪһЩ
֮ǰԭһ飬ͮйأӦؾһ
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дҵ꡷кܶ©ƪҵĸסϡ
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ǵ˱¯ģӢһˣڱ¯ԱߺȲ裬ǰ˼飬һݴڱ
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ѹֶʱǸáŴ˶Իʵۺ磬»ʵۣûʵޱȸ߹˲ֱӣȻֻҪ߽ʵۣĪѹվվס
´䲻ǻʵۣҲȨƣȻҲ
½´ʱҲ̹ȻؿŽ´û˿зµģҲȷһģԼȥΪá
㡶Ĺ´ʡ
Ҹ㲢ϵûǹϵıҪҸ߽£ֻϣܰһæ
´ɵؿ̹Ȼظӡ
ҪҰʲô
Ҳʲô¡ֱ˵ˡ
ý´æģȷʵʲô£ȷ֮ͮн´ǸͮǮͨĻ죬ȥթͮ첩ԴҪ޽Ƶթִ󣬴⣬첩ԴĶӵĹҲҪٵ
ͮôҵĸףҲʲôǾǲТˡôеʱûѧ
Ͼףֱ˵ҪԸѧ´Ҫ
ʵϣͮѧһġ
´Ȼ˶ӡһЩ˻Ӣһۣ£ϷԸ˰ȥ졣
л
ͽ´Ĺ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
н´£С飬ֵµȥ죬й¶ȥײ̫á´ɴԼǸֻ֪ƵصĲĶӣȻ˵£ȥ졣
ԼĶӻ˽ģȻ氮֣ϵúܣС¿϶ܰáǺϵ´ֱӽˡ
˲ʹ˳ˣ´ȷʵʼ㡡
֮ǰδɹ㡣飬Уޡ
Ķǳ졣
ϣǸ첩Դ󣬾͵ҪʱȥðͷĻ죬ڱӢ˿ʹ֮󣬱˿ˣȥ֮թ첩Դͮ
˭ǿϺ̲С֮һ
Ǹ첻֪֮ǰԼģʵǻӢֻԼһʼǱץġ
첩ԴԸˣȻйϵ첩ԴˣѾ⣬һҪݺݵؽѵ첩Դһ١
Ȼˣ첩ԴǸҲܷŹ
Ҫִ󡭡нСүˣ¶̫ˣ


166 
첩ԴϺ֮, ӹúӦ˵, Դӱ̸ĸ, Ӿ͹÷ǳ
ĸŮڶ࣬Ӿ, л㸻ԣȴҲе㲻֣˵ӽ飬ҲҪȥǮ
첩ԴĸǲԸԼΪ̫, ʹӴĸԣ˼ңɴ˼ҵ, Ǿ;д󲿷ֵظ, ʣµĲŸĶӷ֣ȻˣԺˣҲֻҪϴ
¶, µطͦģֲƲĶӣҲֻı·
ȥֱ˵ļҵĵءѧջ·ӻвٵġ
Ǽʵõģ˵˴ͷ, ÿҲܵĶﲢһЩأúøֲ, ĸȢϱ
첩Դڴ˵ģֵС֪ԼĴ֮󣬾Ϳʼı·ˡ
ԼҼеʱúܣŸ಻ʲôȴʱȥĸĸɻԼҪϡ
ĸĸʱѾҪӵ˼̫СĺӣҪϺܶ꣬ôĻ֡
ĸ׺ôǸţвټҲģ첩Դĸˡ첩ԴԴӱ̣˺ӣʱ湦ҲúǲĸĸܸǵŮ
ҵļҲϣЩأĸĸ
첩Դչģϧ첩ԴһתͰȫ˰ȥϺٲ񣬻Ϊǵʱ򣬼ȣ㺦
ǲ֪Щġ
ԭǰһĶ飬ϲô룬ԭ˾˺Լҵ֪֮٣Խ֪첩Դļҵȫĸֻ첩ԴǸ˽ģŻ᲻Ը
ֱ֮󣬸𣬴֪һУʶ첩ԴֱǸƵĹˡ
첩ԴȻó飬ȻҪܡ
תۣµһ쵽ˡ
ǰҾٰᣬúܶ˿һϷѧ֥鶪ϣ¥ôӸϳŵ飬Ǳ֪
˵ڶ죬¥ڱֽϷˡҵ꡷
Ȼ˾дҵ꡷ǳе㲻̫ʣ̫ƽˣ˻ͬġ
⺢ҲǱԹһ¡
꣬ʵ
ǻŻȥģδ˵ѧ
ȷʵˣôܹǵŸĸġ

ܶôΪ뷨ڿڱϿǵ¡ҵĸס֮󣬾͸ȷˡ
ƪҵĸסҪдѧϰ飬˵һֱ飬Ľܶˣڸĸ֮󣬸¶˾Ҫѧ֣ǣ°Ҫϴ·Ļޱ࣬Ҳ ȥѧæΪΡ
ŬҲǰ׷ѵģѾܿܶ飬̹ܽ¶Ժĺ֣һ¶Ժˡ
ƪޡ
һЩƪµˣȻҲ;һֵþˡ
һЩԭ񲻰ֵˣҲܲˡ
ȻûдǶãŬ֣ȻΪѧһ𣬵ء
ϧѧϹۣȻΪͮҪ޶ߣʵǱͮƭˣ
ܶˣôţƫˡ
ѧ̲סȥ롪ѧ֣ȻΪ
ȻԼŸɣôһƪ£леġ
һУ֪ܲµ
һ㶼ôãΪԼһ˵룬ȴǲòô
Ȼˣдƪ£ҪΪ˸ѧڿӡ
ڱĶ߿̡ҵ꡷֮¥һƪ¡ҵĸסʱ첩Դʳӣոտš
ĻƾͽһЩᵽ档
ţͻȻͿڵˡ
ǴͷģΪĻԴͷ
Դͷʮ꣬òСͲĸһֱܲסһ㣬մѻƬ֮󣬸ΪҪǮĸ
ƽЩ͵ɹƭ飬׬ǮѻƬһƬᣬûϲ
ƼЩԭ첩ԴˣҲˡԴͷ첩Դ鷳ģǻǶŵΪãɲҪǣ
ԴͷȥҲǿԵġ
첩Դ߲˵ģҲôԴͷϾԴͷǸС죬Ź
ֻǸСĲССְԱͷϰﻹǺܺʹġ
ʲôԴͷ첩Դü
Դͷ̸š⡱֮ûϵˣԴͷȥҡԴͷôˣ
ǰϵ飬첩Դ֪ͮţȻͰԴͷŪȥ
㰡ԴͷƤЦⲻЦ˵
ճ˴ͷ˽Сү֮Իᷢ飬ȫΪ첩Դ
ϣͽҪôѵ첩Դڡöˣ
˵˱ҡ첩Դû˵꣬ͱԴͷ׼ݺݵشһơ
ˣԴͷŭ첩Դ˸Ӻҡ˵һ룬ס죬Ȼ첩Դö治ǸҸ˵ҪǲһǧҿɾͰĳ¸ȥˡ
첩ԴúܣҲ͵˵˵飿
Ȼ˻Դͷɲᣬǰ챻˹ˣӻأ
ҽСү˵ˣҪִҪ첩ԴͮŪǮ
ԴͷԼ˫ǵ۾һŴ첩Դ·˵оУǮ
ԴͷƬúǸݣܻܣ첩Դ෴ˣ˶ġƹ񡱣࣬ȴǰ׳ġ
ԴͷߵҪӴһ͵ڵϣʣ㵽ʲôôҿɾͱˣҶӻÿģ
㵱ӣԴͷȥһٴСѹ첩ԴϣѹԲֵ첩Դ
ԴͷˣѾ˹̨ʼͷǮˡ
Ǯ֮Դͷֶ첩ԴǮһǧԪģÿЩؼҰʣµǮ׼ãһġ
˵ţﳤȥȥʱ򣬻ĸ㹽ľһĻӸˡ
ƹˣĶ⼸ֵǮ
ҪҲô
ʲôģȥ̫鷳ˡ
첩ԴˣűĻƴӵϷʱѾףˡ
첩Դˣ̾ҪȥҶӣöӰԼͷ
Ӹֵ˴к͵Ǯֵ˿϶Ը⽫ԴͷץģϾԴͷûʲǫ̂
Ǯȫߣ˲ٶ϶ȥˣ첩Դһ˽гԼͻؼȥһȥҶӡ
ưҵʱ򣬾ϰĶڼУüġӽȥ֪Ժȥˡ
ӵĹûˣ
첩Դоˡ
ʱԴͷˣѾͮѧס
ѧϿҵĸס֮󣬾ͻ
ô飬ҪǾԼҪ˵ôȴûеģȻ˵뷨
ֶͮΣֶѧǳ˽⣬͹ѧ˵Թ֮ǰϣ˸ѧɻ¡
ѧϨ˶ͷȻָͮһȥˡ
ӵĲѾȫˣһҪȥ棬ѧͮǰնȥͽҲȦ˼
ٲͮǰѧʱȴɵúܣѧǣѧ⣬ѧ˺ܶࡣ
кӾġ
û̫ԣͺ˵һ㲻Ըˣֶͮͮվͻرɣ
Ϻ֮ѧŷϺߵ˲ȵıˣֻر
ͮͲãʵһʼͲϺ
Ϻʶˣٶá֮ǰϵʱ˻Ҫԣ侲֮ȴûͷˡ
ǶԸֲܶѧ׵ʲôǲͻرȥԼİӡ
վߣʱͻȻ
ˣȥͮվʱǼҵӶѾŴˡ
ȻԴͷˣͼ˽
·ˣԴͷһɫеĿͮϡ
ͮ䲻ǾɫȴҲǸ˶ֶ磬òϺĶʿ㲻ʲôԴͷĵײȴٺÿ
ԴͷֻһС۾·ˣҲ֪ԭҴҵġôôСҰȱ¶ȻֻԪ
˭ͮʶԴͷ¶ȫ첩ԴȥģԼȫû֡
Ҿ㻨ǮǰͷҵͷԴͷ
˵ʲôͮ϶ǲϵġ
ҿû˵ⶾҺǰͷءԴͷλøһԪķڷѣȻҿҪȥ˺ú˵˵ˡ
ͮʱˡ
ѧʱȴˣ˵ʲô
㻹֪ɣǸĺģͨ첩Դ첩ԴҪǰӲ˵ҼٰǰӵͷԴͷЦ¶һڻǴŰǲһԪԺһֱˣȥ걨űļߺú˵˵
ѧͮһˣ˵ʲô˴Դͷ߳һѾס죺Ǯ
ԴͷĺܳһƦǰȴǳ׶˿žͺ¡
ѧʱһ
ѧͮ˴ҪǮʱκͤŮ
²֮ǰ٣ѾѧȥˣȴڼκͤŮ
˵࣬κͤˣﱧŸ꣬ǳƯС
СòǱ۵ġ޵ֻ۾׳˺ҡ
ԲԲ鷳Ůʿˡκͤӷ£
κͤѾŮûˡ۰ӵģƫƫӲϲҪ游ĸ
ҲˣѧѾˣҪæ顭
鷳һչ˺ԲԲ˱κͤϵԲԲ
ŮʿԺԲԲչˣߡκֵͤģúӻҪĸһκͤҲԺչ˺ӣӡ
κԲԲ˵ԼĸҪߣۡһͿˡ
κͤƼӿޣʱЩ᲻ãҪȥŮȴֲ
κһ£ȥæɣģһչ˺õġֵ
κͤ˼庢ӡ
κͤ˵ͷ뿪ˣˣ̾ͺԲԲԣ̴ȥԺóԵģȥġ
͸ˣ⺢ȥֳ档
ԣúý̽⺢ӡ
ԼĶͦ˵ġ
СĽŻûãߣֻܱš
ڻϸظ˵Сȴһֱޡ
״ɡԿܲܺס
˵ͷҪѺӸǺȴŵرסȻ˵Ǽ֮ĵһ仰Ůܲ壬ء
СҲ֪ŮܲˡٿޣҾҪˣ
СڲˣõңءҲϱ

СȻŲˣһֱã˻ŵ㲻뵱ϱǾ͹ԹԵġ
Сίصͷ§ĲӲˡ
СţưȻóȥˡҽԺ
층ֻ̰һҪܿõģʹѸ̰Ҳϡ
һ·һֱκԲԲС·ߵĶС÷ǳ棬ǲˣ档
֪ҽԺۿֺˡ
һ͵˸̰˵ֳȥ
ֳǸǳĵطǶκԲԲûС˵
һʼţһҹͷأͿʼ׵۾ʢСǣʲôϡ档
Ϻ磬ʱ˵ȫŵĵطˣֳĵطҲкܶŮй䡣
κԲԲһУ漫ˡ
;һС̯ڳϢ˳Զ
˵㻹ҪţκԲԲ˽ţ߲·ԺͲֵطˡ
ŲУκԲԲܼ֡
Ϊ޲ȥʡ
Сһ˿һ˫Բ۾
Сﳤøκͤͦġ㱻ƭˣ˭ҪȢСŵŮˣҶϲĹ
ƭˣκԲԲ
ƭʲôҾţ㸸Ҳš̰ȢŵŮ𣿡
ᡣ̰Ҳ͵
游ĸһֱס£֪˵ĶǴġֵ
κԲԲСἫˡ
ʵӵСŮ㱻ˣҪҲ򵥣ʱȥŵŮ˵Ľţʲôӵġ
ͬʱҲʶԼһҪдʲôˡ
Ȼˣû顣
ѵú͸̰һ棬κԲԲСе˲ϡ
ֻϧ˺ܶ࣬ǲǣֵģҸĵط
ȥϷɡ顣
ֳϷѵģһЩǮȴҪᡣ
ǮҪ˸СᣬκԲԲϷ棬ȴǰ˻̰ԡ
̰졪Ҫתͷ
̰ҼǵϻأиݵǵϷӾ㡭ͻȻ
Ҹ޹ϵ̰æͣ˻᲻ˡ
֪̰ûϵģͬϲ̫ˡ
ϲˣɲŮˡ
ȻˣҪǣ̰ˣɬĺܣһ㾭鶼ûеġ
ԲҳԣЦеذѻԼ̰Ҫ󣺡Ȼﲻ̹
ֻ̰հˡ
ֳø˵ʱ򣬱Դͷ˰ϵǮֵǮĶȫѹߵѧһƴͮϡ
ͮҪ񣬵ԴͷȻó˵ͮģ˵Щͮ顣
ʵ첩ԴģԴͷ֮ͮͷˡ
ҪںǣԴͷóΣ˵Щ飬ѧ϶Ͱͷˡ
ӹüãôܸԴͷйϵ
ԣľͮҪ
¼Ǳ߰ߣ첩ԴԸ񣬶Ů˸İɣҪŮˡ¥ӣ
ԼȻȢôһⶾԼĺ¡ѧˡ
ͮһƣѧȴ


167 
ѧ±Ǯ, ǿȥѲġ
˵ʱѲŪרŹй˵ģվ߰˵, ǲƽ, й˺йìܵĻǻǻһ̶ϱġ
֮˵һ̶ϡ˵ģ˵Ӣ¶, ѲǾץġ
ѧҪζԸѲġ
ֻſ뿪Ϻ
ƫƫϵǮȫԴͷѹˣ
ִͨ˴ģȡǮ, ʱ򣬾˿, Ҳûô߼, Ҳֻû
һ£ǮҪȥȡ
ڹڵǮׯϺضʱֱӾø¡ǮׯׯƱ, ׯƱŵȥͲһʹˡ
ֲ֪¡Ǯׯ
ʱĻңΪЩ첻ͬǮԵʣϱߵͭԪȥ, һá
ڳƱӳֿʼڱֵ
ѧϺ, Ǵ˺ܶ೮ƱģҲԪʲôģϵĶֵܼһǧԪңǮ㹻ġ
Ҫ¥Ҳܿԣˡ
ڣǮȫѹˣЩӲһû¡
ѧȥͱȥǮ
ѧȥˣͮȴǰԼ
ԱٺݣԼĺȴǷǳ۰ģһֱǵĸαҲΪĺǰŻȽϵƤԡ
ǵѧȥΪĽ̵ǶǸɵġ
֮ǰЩʱûпȥŻӣӻǱŵˣֻͮСİο
ͮãӺãһ˯ˣʱɫѾ
֪ôһ죬϶ѧ
ҵĲѧǱˣȱǮʱóǮ䵽ز
ڣ˵ʲôˣΪ룬ǱҪѧһġ
ͮﰵޣͬʱĥôѧ
֮ǰѧͷϣ˵ʲôѧҲû˵Կһޣ˵ԼǳԴףŻ¼ҵ˰ߵģξûк
ǰѧҸ¼ʾʳֻܳϣɲȥģȫƵ첩ԴϾˣ˵϶첩ԴҪҵĲƲŻȥ
ʵ˵ε飬ƵģҪȻС죬ôĵӣ
ͮŵʱǻѧ뿪ˣȥ첩Դ
첩Դ˺󣬵ȥҾˡ
ȻǱߣʹкȻĵģȥ¡
첩ԴЩôĶƫƫ޿κΣίˡ
ЩŲ첩ԴίίҵСүǿǵﲻġ
첩ԴֻǱ˸ףûɶ£ʲôܣ
첩Դ˼ңȥͮʽҪô죬Դͷʹˡ
첩Դ׼һǧãǮأԴͷʡ
Դͷ㵽ʲô첩ԴǸոն˹ĶʵŹһԴͷ˶
Ȼ󡭡ͱԴͷˡ
첩ԴҵȥԴͷЩ˴˳һһûһͰǼȫſˡ
첩ԴֻƲ֣ӼóŵһٸԪǡ

ҪģһǧԪԴͷÿǮóȻǻܲסġ
첩Դһ㶡
ǰÿϢԼ㡣Դͷ
ÿɵϢһǧǷһ죬ǾҪٵϢˣ
ⶼ˵ǸˣǮ
첩ԴѪˡ
ԴͷӣȴЩ⡣
Դͷû
ϧˣŪǮġ
Դͷˣ첩Դżˡ
ǸϰգҾȻûãҲֻȥԼǸھǵٵ÷ˣ
첩ԴԼĶӣֱѧ
ѧմԼͬѧǮ˾ˡ
첩Դ֪ԴͷҲѧ¶÷Ҳû취ˣҪթҡ÷ûʲôʶˣһѰɣ
첩Դһ˵һȥͮ
ͮѧͶˣѧͮ
ϻأ첩Դͮüȥģѧȫû֣Ρͮûȥ첩Դݹ˵ѧע⵽첩ԴС
첩ԴڸͮʹɫѧŭֱӾͰ˸˳ȥֶͮ첩Դһӣ
Щ˵ǶԵģͮ첩Դϵ
ôȢôһ
⣬ۿѧסĴԼǰϣ첩Դˡ
ѧǲˣô죿
첩Դһֻܻؼȥصңſڱʺ
Ϻضˣ˻ծõж
첩ԴߵùˣѧҲûֵáҵĴӽһЩߡ
ѧ⣬ڶһҪر
ӣһ춼ˣ
ѧ첩Դùʱ򣬴κ῵ԲԲСѣѾ׽ˡ
͹¶Ժĺദûѧͯѧ֮࣬СӵȴѾú׼ˣر庢ӡ
ǣκԲԲСܵ
¶ԺЩСС;Ͷ۶ٵĹ¶ȣκԲԲСǸɵ
ͦϲСģɱ²Сʱӡ
˵κҵүү̹κԲԲСѵͷүү̣Ҳ²
ǣ²ȥ飬²ȴֶʶ
ҪŮţ²ĽҲҪˡ
ʱԼҲŮٴĶ
ڼʶĶ֮ЩڵģܻصȥҪı䡣
ȻصȥܵģиκԲԲһЩı䡣
ԲԲСǰŶ٣Ϻ֮ΪĽ˵ԵʣκͤҲûдȥ
ǵһ֪ԭô˼Ķ
ϧǣû꣬Ҫؼȥˡ
ֳԵĶƤԲԲԲСʧ䡣
ưȻһȥ²ѧУ
Ƕĵط㳤һ㣬͸öˣ飬ҲŻϲ㡣ֶԲԲС
˵ţͿ²ͬѧһˡ
ͷ²Ⱥиۡ
һأ
ټ


²һѧУŮһ²к뿪
²ȻûѧУ˵Լĸ¥Ūܶ飬ѧУŮӣϲ
κԲԲؿ²˫κͤ˵۾ûκͤͨ͸Ǵ档
ԲԲɣ²񡣡²ЦŸԲԲк
šԲԲСﾪؿ²ͷ
Ҫˣ
һȥ˹¶ԺǱߣҪһЩ飬²ʹԲԲȥ¶Ժĺ档
ԲԲСĽֺΪű۶ϹȻˣǲܶ²һСƳŽȥߡ
СľͷģƵʱ̫ƣȴǹ¶ԺܻӭߣԲԲҲϲ
һֱڹЦȽŲŹ·С֮󣬾סˡ
˺һ²״ʣԲԲôˣ
ԲԲСͻȻֿˣҲˡء
²һʼûŪף֪ԲԲСΪС·Ϊš
Ͼǰûмˡ
ҲǸˡ
̰ԹȥҽԺˣСޣûסЦˡ
κͤκԲԲʱκԲԲŹ¶ԺЩһѧϰú档
κͤ㶣ֿˣؼҡҪ̡
κͤ
СӾø˵ʱ򲻻ңϾͻˣκúӸһ˯ŵ㡣飬ô˵ΪκԲԲ֪Ϻ֮һ˯ġ
ôĺӣȫԷִ˯ˣκԲԲϺǰһֱǸĸһ˯ģϺ֮زģͺܲϻûšȻҲˡ
һ˯κͤһ㶣ʣôˣҪĸһ˯
ҪǺӻ£ҲһҪһŴڴԱ߷СҲǿԵġӦˣͿԷַˡ
лû뵽һ㡣κͤл񣬴˺ӣ˲ã˵ǽСүҪ
ϣ´֪˵飬ȥˡ
ʢ¼֪Ŷʮ꣬ǸĴε˵ӣʮõľ߰˸һǴֻ֪Ժ֡
ǲСƽģŽһܰá
ڽҪ̾͸ȥˡ
Ȼͱ˴һԺ
ǰиϷӸ̰ǣ飬ø̰ԲԣԼȻ˼Ժ
̰֪̰϶᲻ˡ
Ҫġ
˴Ź˼䣬һ
ǼԺﵹǸɸɾûʲôֻ֬ơ
үˡ˵
кһȥ
˻Ⱥģȥ֮ͼ˽
úƽҲߴƼ͵¥ͷˣû뵽ôᣡȫһ
ٴռˣҲĲһ
ﲻһüͷһ
һǸйֵģڽٵ飬¶ҥԣΪšЦ
طѡúܺãǳأļˣҲǽĸܴʩͦõģȻʲô
˵ǰЩ˶һ˺ǸˣǰĳЩˣԸҶ໰ģ
ԼǱúܸˣʱ˺ܶ࣬Ȼóණ飬ѾˣЩ治Ƕģһ뷨Ӱեˡ
˵ţָЩóĶЩҴŪġ
ѶƷֺܶ࣬ľУ滹ͮΣЩٷָЩ˰ɡ
ûʲôòô࣬ⱾҵĶ
Щ˵ĶҲҪɣٷָ֮жģ鷳¶Ժ
Уô졣ص˽һдƪ£֪һҹúܿ࣬ŴǮ˵Ҫ裬Ǿ;ɡ
Ǯˣֺ
л˽Ϊʲôд
Щ꣬ҲǿܶС˵ģȻǡǡΪˣǲ֪Ҫôд
Щǰдıöˡ
Щд˺ܶྭƷңû
ȥдûӦС
ϣǽ˰ͻؼҵģؼҵʱѾˡ
²Ѿ˯ˣķŵơ
Щ⣬ȻûȥͿ̰ķ˳
û°ɣ̰ĵؿ
²֪ȥΪȫȻΣǷģ̰ͬ
֪ΪѧȥˣǡǡΪģɴķˡ
û¡е㱻ŵˡ
ʲô£̰ʡŻ
Ұн´һ££ҽȥӵġȻڼԺңһ
̰
ģֻϲ㣬û࿴һֵۡҪҪһ㽱
̰
֮
ſ̰˳ֵϷһѣѾˣҪҪɴסˣ
̰Ҳ;ܾˣ첽뿪
뿪ͻȻеЦ
̰ӣеĶӡ
ڶ죬ѧ޶Ҫ뿪Ϻ
Ȼû߳ţͱסˡ
һ㲻ǾԲߵġθѧ˵ģѾԴͷˣԴͷû
ôǮѧ
ͮҲҲ̫ˣ
ˣǸҪѶѣ˵Ǯˣǲߵģ
ûǮѧǮҲЩˡ
ûǮдֽ̾ʣȻˣҲԲдҪǲдͱˣǻúһ顣
²İɣͮҧ
·Ҫôãôúˡ˾û
ȻǡǡΪûзѧġ
ҪҵˣЩôܳϣ
˵ף»ͮǳģ
ѧͮһۡ
ǵ׶ĺܣѧһʵڲ֪ҪδͮЩСЩβˣȴҲû취ġ
֮£ǵ׻дǷ
ұϺԶúܣдǷ˼ѵȥ׷ծ
ǵĵ̣
ѧдǷ֮һ˻𳵡
ȵ˱ûˡѧôԼ
˻֮ȻЩдǷˣ˻𳵡
ǷǮǾ͸ȥҪǮˣΪ׵˳ѧһЦ¶һڰ
һʼ뷨Ҫұֽعģһʼ´˵ʱҲô˵ˣ˵ԼҪһ
´òʣһôǣϺԶϺع⣬Ӱ첻ѧ
ս´˵Ҫұֽع⣬ҲҪұıֽ
ôһȫ˽´ڱҲ˵ġ
´ĹָģȻͲʱʱˡ
˰£Ǻܷĵġ
ѧȥ˱ҪǮͲһˡ֪ѧļҵ֮󣬽ѾҪѧ϶ŪǮˡ
֪Ĵ֮󣬾ͳ׽ѧһ߲ˡ
ʵڲ조ǹҡôһˣҪд顣


168 һԪ
д֮ǰ, ȥ𵩴ѧͼݡ
ٵͨŴûϹĵԽԽ, ʼ漰һЩ⡣
ϱӿһЩѧѧ, ΪЩ鶼ܿֻⷭò, ʱܾ֪ʶá
ȻˣΪܶⷽľ鼮ڴʱûбдԵʣżᵽһЩѾûˡ
Լ, ׻еġ
Ϊ飬ڼǰص֣ά°һ𵩴ѧĽ֤, Ȼʱʱ͵𵩴ѧͼݽ鿴
, ĶˣҲǳ࣬ͼߣרŹһЩ˰æ, ҽġ
ǰߵ飬϶ֳ
ʱ飬ûȷĿĵģֻҪִûпӢ鷨, Ͼʱ򱻴й, ϶Ǻ顣
鼮ֻҪʮ飬ᷭ
ιĿġ
ҪһЩŮȨ顣
ĩѾкܶŮΪŮԶܶˣǴȥձѧġ
ĩйȥձѧ˺ܶ࣬ŮԽռеİٷ֮һҲˣЩŮԣǱ׻ɷȥձģȥֻΪչɷ߸ס
ͮǱĸ״ȥձģ׷Щձѧѧϲ֪ʶĻŮԣҲȥ顣
Ȼͮǰ׶ˣʷϣкܶձѧŮԣع֮һҵ紴챨ֽ֮ࡣ
Ϊ׳Լ
𵩴ѧռһЩЩŮԱд鼮Ϳȫ˷ͬʱҲһЩӹصС˵
ʱŷޣŮҲûеõɺƽȣһЩںǳŮȨ飬˵ڶԡ֮࣬ûбдҵϷǳ١
𵩴ѧ˼죬Ͱ뿴ȫˣҪдʲôҲ뷨
ַᣬŮԵĹѧ飬д˵ģдȻС˵
ΣС˵һŮΪǣҪдģŮ׷ɺƽŬ
˿硷ûд꣬дţд˼֮ȥڱ
оʱ첩ԴѾܲˡ
һǧ󣬶ѧ˵㲻ʲôֻǼµнˮѣ첩Դ˵ȴǷǳһǮҺü롣
ٳǼһҲһٸԪðǮôԴͷ
첩Դѧ֮󣬾Ͷȥ˶ϱңֻǮҹϵҪԸԴͷԼ֮ǰȥǮû
ҪԸ첩ԴģֻͨС죬첩Դ϶ܰʰ˵ģҪԸ첩Դģǽ
´ϺߣѻƬ˽ʲôɣֵˣѲ˶ģҪʰһ첩ԴԽ˵Ǽ򵥵ټ򵥵ġ
֮ǰң˽´ƶֲ˺á
첩Դ˼죬ϵ˺ЩˣͳȥǮû鷳ͣǷǮȴĪشһǧ󣬱ǧ
ʱѾоԾˣܣӲ
ǰǶȥϱЩ˾ȻϱҶˣ
ǰǵס꣬ס£ϰͰѷǮ˸ǣְš
ҪȥճŲãͱ˶Ūֱ˻
һӣլˣ
첩Դ̻̲գԭǸֵͦӣô֮һӾ˺üǺѪ˿ҲһƬ 
ˣǳãá
۳ԼԺӣ첩Դһҵϣȴ¶
ˣҲ˵Щ鷳ˣҪˡ
Ǽ߰ģԺﱻ˷࣬òУԷͱˣֵǮİѾߣҲˡ
첩ԴĶӶúܣӵȥԵġ
ʲôĹӶˣ첩Դӿ޵
ȥԵġ첩ԴֵȻû˵꣬Ӿ͵Լôȥ
첩ԴӶ죬Ҫֿ϶˿šôǸɷˣӿҪô¹
첩ԴҲڣǡҲҲΪ˶𣿡ͮǴӦˣֻҪã뷨ӵλöһ
û뵽Ȼһ˲õˡ
첩Դ⼸һֱܲ⣬ԴͷǸͨС죬ôͻȻôˣȻ춼
ֻߣҪԸģʵԴͷ
˵ǸͮǺˣƫҪ첩Դû첩ԴĻֻһζؿޣڳ£˼˸ɸɾʣܿࡣ
첩Դһѧ޹֮ϹţȻͷ֣ѧһѾˡ
һ㣬ˣЩҪǮʱ򣬾Щȱ¶ͮɵģ޹أϧ˼ҲֻܴǼҶһҪǮ
첩Դ¶鷳˾ˡ
첩ԴǮ׼ûУվкüѾԴͷΪ׵ˣԴͷѹû
Ϊ׵֮ǰԴͷĳˣӶؿ˿Χ첩Դһȥ
첩ԴһӹڵϣүүǼʵûôǮ
ûǮǿ÷ӺӵְЦеġȻӿʵ׶һЦûԵºͲ˵ŷˡ
첩Դ̲סͶ˶
첩ԴǸŹĴӣʱͻȻʣǵʲôˣǵ׵˭
ǰЩˣԴͷġ
ԴͷҪı£ĿܻϹ죿
첩ԴĶôһʣҲЩˡ
ʵҲʶЩ˲ˣǲǺúõعӣôˡ
ǵﲻܵˡЦҵͲǵģҪǹԹԵذѶȫܵҪšǺǡ
ҵǵģ첩ԴЩˣͻȻ뵽һˣһ񣡡
ʵ缸Щô᲻Ϊ
ͷո𣬾̱ˡ
ãζô
Ҫ֪һǰʱ򣬿ǵغܡ
֪ģʲô¶ûУֲʶһ
ô˵ͻȻʶЩ˿ġ
үû뺦Ƕͮ˼ѧȨƵģҲҵǡ첩Դһʱͮ
ȫͮǳģڵãˣһܿ࡭
¶ȷʵͮ˼ҲİЦЦؿ첩Դ
첩Դɫһס
ֵˣĺˣѧֲáΪΪʲôô죿
첩ԴͻȻԼȥѧͮǴΣͮѧɫѿúܣѧˡ
ѧˣǰ㿴ǲмҲ۵ףǿͿģ֮ǰȻʲô顣
һ㣬첩Դˡ
Щѧʰʲô
첩Դ뵽һ㣬Ҳ뵽ˣһţɪɪ
ǱӦ첩Դӻڿţıˡ
˵СӲᣬһǰ첩ԴҪ˸ߵʱ첩ԴһǮ˵ͮ񣬵Ǯֲ֪ͮ
ǮöʮУǼҿɲȱǮ
ɷǲϣԸ³Զٷ
˵ˡɷȻԴͷȥ
ˣҲˡ˵ƽɵĶǴ⣬ЩһֱϣҲͦûȤġҪҪŻŻǣڷô󹦷򣿽ǾͰ˽˰ɡ
˽ᡱ֣첩ԴƲסز
ֵ˵ˣҪǵû˵ȱ첲ȶǹԹԵذѷʲôóҲͲˣҪǲǵĵֽŴϣԼǮѶߣҲǿԵġ
أ磡첩Դ
û˼ҵáЦѹŵ첩Դ߷ˡ
ڱĵضǮŰǮ˵鲢ټҲᣬҲܰȫ
ϰվ͸ûˣ˼Ҿֱ׳ģ˾ߣֱ֮ӵڻʹ
ӻǿûǮŮɶɡ
ϺѾǴʱȫĵط֮һˣվǸǹлȨĵط
첩ԴһϺӣһ棬䲻磬ȴҲֵǧ󣬴⣬Ǽһһǧִ
ЩǮȫѹˣһɨسš
ûˡ
뿪˼ң첩Դͷһܿ죬ȴãȻˡ
ǼұϳʱЩѹǵģ·ʲôûǴûǮԺҪô
ôô̰İ㵫СӺõ㣬Ҳ첩Դӻڿš
첩ԴʱҲ̲ס
֪ôһ˸ߡ
ӦòǸʱҪǲͮģһѾͺˡ
ôģǽӣע˲ù
ɼףѡ
ߣѾûȥˡ
ֲʲô
ת죬˸¶ԺһһԪׯƱ˵ҪǮ
ȥ¶ԺǱ߳Էʱ˵¡
ϣĺܶࡣٵ˲Ǯ¶ԺЩӣкܶ½½¶ԺǮһ󡭡пˡ
һнˮŶʮ飬Ѿߵˣ˼ҾǮȻֱӾһ򣡾һˣ֣
֪Ǯģ룬̹ףǮʵҲġ
Ǯǽѧ첩ԴŪġ
첩ԴǮĸģǮȻҲġ
ڵӢ¶ԺǮʵһݡдµĸѣȫûӢˣӢ;¶Ժ
ʲôһ㶡
ǮǴ첩ԴġȻͮ첩Դ飬Լȫ˵ˡ
˶סˡ
¼˰Ǹߣ첩ԴǣЩͮģٷ˱ǮӦҲֱͮʡҾǡ
ΪЩˣԭǶġ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
֮ǰѾѧˣڵ֪Щ£ȴ̲סֺ
Ӳˣ
ѧҲҪùһЩȻҲǺˡ
˵ﲻǺˣ̾͵
һʼҲţԼǲĹˣԼһʧӡʱû뷨
ûǮҲˣ㲻ʲô¡
ǡû뵽˾˾Ȼˡ⹫һֱܺá
Ǹǡ
Ǹøѵģǡ⹫ԺûϷˡ첩ԴǰǻӵģԺ϶ȥˡ
㵣Ļò졣ǲøյģᱻ˵²ĸû˻ע⡣
ʱеĶ͵£ҵȥʲɡ
Լöͬ⡭ûټ⣬ʣһǮҪʲô𣿡
еãȻ
¶ԺһʵʽǮɷǲʵģϾⶫһһ겻ֵǮǮʲôû
֮վҪ¸һƤǷӡ
˷⣬¶Ժй̶ˣǹ¶ԺĺԽԽ࣬ʱֱԺΧ
棬һׯƱЩ֪롣
Ȼڵ죬ǾȻֵһһׯƱ
ǻؼҺͻȻţ͸һϻӡ
ϻһڴʱǳģĻһǮׯׯƱׯƱļֵͬһԪ
⣬ͷһš
Ͷ¶ˣϻĶȴˣʲô
Ұ˱һæġţͶ
Ǯǽ´ġ
´ûͽ飬Ȼ˶˵ԼϢǶԵġ
´Ǹ£ȷʵ˽´
˼ʲôæǾȻôǮûܻع
صĴæڲϣְׯƱպˡѧ첩ԴǮҪΪЩͲǽ´лȴҪµġ
˵ţֿ˿ϵš
´˵ǮͶǸлһԸ
Ǵ㵽ʱȥһ˵ġ
յһǮʱѧһҸոյﱱͬʱһ֣ҲѾڹⱻٴˡ
˵ӢһֱŲʲôҪȸμսսʿãһｫһ룬ǱЩȨˣǲţ÷֮ࡣ
ʣµģһֱʵоһ֣͵սЩ
ͨʿѹͲֵ֪Ĵڡ
ֵЧܿͱ֤ʵһʱ䣬ŷ޵ϲʿˡ
ǼֱţϾȻôҩ
ҩϣǿɾ൱ڶһ˶ʼֲԼͬرܣĳȦֱۡ
棬ۺģܶ˶ˣǰй֣棬˹֣Ҫֵµ跨Ūֵ
ͬʱһ𱻴ŷ޵ķġȾҲܶ˿ˡ
ŷ޵оԱͼáȾʵ鷽֣Щͺ;ˣȴʼձˡ
ڣӢ˺ܶˣʧ˺ܶ࣬ձйõ˺ܶ桭
ձȻǵͬ˹ӦǶһЩʿǴ̣
ҪˣҪܶܶˣ
йѾͬǲ͹ˣҲҪձǲһЩ˹
лҪ˵
ʱļ³Ѹڱ˸լӣ800
ϺҪڱ򷿵³ѸϺһֱⷿסˣ𡭡
ˣʱ³ѸĹʣһ300󣡣ǻǷǮ³ѸǷ˾ǧԪ
ʱƶ̫ˣͨһ׬飬ŮӶһֻ׬飬Ǯ˸Ǹܻһ򡭡


169 һ
ڶ, ĵһ£ǿһڴͷׯƱ
һֽ, ȴǳ֮
һ󡭡ڵ˵, ǺܴܴһǮˡ
ǿ ;øˡ
֮ǰһֱŵǮҪ̰, ǮˣҪʲôȴûͷ
о͵ģѾȫ͹ˡ
룬ׯƱڻ¥
¥£ոͻ
ǰӻж, £ͳ
, ֡²Ҳ¡
²ô˵, ֪϶Ѿ̸ˣãʲôǿһġ
Ȼһֱ߱Լڻϵ, ²²ֵʱ˳ԼҲһġ
磬Ժɡ²֣¼ҵ, ҪգҲҪ
ЦǾͽ, 񣬺ܺ֡Я䣬ʫڻӺһᶼõʫĺͿ˵ġ
²ǹЦ¶ѡ
ȥ졣Ȼϵİȥ˸ڡ
ǰȥͼţмû͸̰ȥҽԺˡ
ȥڵʱ򣬸̰ڳ͡
ҵվɺܾ£ڵ⽣мˣˮˮ⽵ĸǰһĵɢ͵ζ
𣿡̰ʡ
ѾԹˣ볢⽡Ц
̰һ̾ͶԳʦҪ⽣ȥһ롣
ˡ̰ø룬øӹˡ
ԣȻͿԼĸԼֳ⽸
磬ôԼĸʦԣҲ̫ˣ
ҳԲꡣ̰
Ҳø˰üô֪ԭСڵˣ
ΪԣȻĵذ⽳ˣԸ̰̰ȥҽԺɡ
á̰˵ͷ
˸̰Ļưһ·ҽԺߡ
ر䣬ڻưӭŷ紵ϱӸĸо
ȥô紵ûʲôԼԽԽõԵʣʼҪˡ
ִʱһЩ飬ᵽһǧԪһĵ֮򳵲Ǽ򵥵顣
꣬Ӧ򲻵
򲻵ӵҲȫڣرںܶ𳵣𳵡
ƽҽԺѾеˣĲԽԽ࣬䣬˾͸ˡܶë֮󷢳
̰ĲҲҪ࣬죬ԤԼˣҪȥһ̨
˶ģȴģǵҽԺʱ磬ҪٹСʱŻ
˰칫ң̾͸̰һһСװ̿Ļͭ¯ӡ
ֻͭ¯ӣǴʱϺĳõȡůߣǮ˼ңŮʱҪһġ
Ļͭ¯ӱڵϣ̰ѽżȥÿůţСǸڴϣһë̺˾ůˡ
¯ˣ˻
¹ǵµģϳ·ߵСˮӶˡ
䣬ȻҲůȥ¸̰ˡ
֪̰ЦЦҲҲע㣬Ū衣
㲻õҡר׼һһ޿ڱ༭Ǳߣ֮ͲˡʱΪ˷Ȳôްڽ¿༭һֱǴްġ
Ȼˣ⼸ûȥǱߡ
Ǿͺá̰ߣͻȻ뵽ʲô
Ҫһߣ
Ҫһߣ̰һҪ˵
ʲô£̰ʡ
֮ǰ˽´һæһ󡣡ׯƱӻó̰ǮŰɡ
̰һ㶣Ϊʲôţ˵һ㲻ʲôȫҵҲһ㣬ǰѴͷˡ
ܵǮȻһӣҼסӣҪҲиܵܡǿס
̰˵ʲôо
ͱСȴԶˡ
ϲģڡΪģ̫ˡ
⣬һ̰Ȼһ
Щ꣬סʵûмҵĸоҪǸһסԼá
̰һְܿԼͷ˦Ժ
ڶûʵݸ
´˽ιϲ˽ѣѺܶ˵ϱֵýģҲҪ̫̰֪´һֱгѻƬֵ»жĳԺ֮࣬С´̫˻ѧ
˵֮󣬸̰Щġ
͵ˣǲϲġ̵
̰ˣЦӦˣá
ׯƱԼŰɣԺһ򷿡ֵ̰
˾ġֱˡ
̰£Ϸ˻¯̺ӣһʱ䵹׷֮
ׯƱպãȻͻȻ뵽û
磬Ŵ޿ʹްдһЩ˿硷
Ȼڽ¿༭Թ֮ȥţԼ²֡
ʱҪ˵Ѻѣ˵ֺܼ򵥡
˵ѣΪһ˼ǲԸĵģ˵򵥣ΪֻҪǮλ˼ҿ϶á
ķģı䣬ã׻ǻǮ
Ȼ²ڻϵ־͸ˣ²Ϊ²Ϊ
Ĺ֣Żȥ˹¶Ժ
¶ԺκԲԲСżŮһŷ⡣
⵹ԼҪһһ߱ʫɽƺ뺣
ӣϲͬģκԲԲǰκңѹûѣڹ¶ԺһȺС飬˵úܣѾôүүˣڹšȫˡ
ھѽϵãȥˣ
κԲԲ֣磡
¶ԺĺӶΪ裬磬ԲԲЩ˺Ҳ硣
ԲԲ𣿡ʵ
磬£κԲԲ
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ЩӶܹģǽ⣬͸ǽһЩ¿ǡҲЩá
ҸǶ¿
ԲԲ̵ͷ
һڵĽ¿Щ
Щһߺŷ⣬һýζκԲԲϵĶѾͣˡ
˴ŰСʱͲˣκԲԲҲŷˣ
ôԸұˣЦʣǲ޸𣿡
ҵ˵ˣ㱧ңҲü޸㡣κԲԲȻ¶˼ı飺ҪԸҳĻҾͼ޸㡣
û뵽һСģȻһСһ
ʣΪʲôԸ޸ң
д£κԲԲ
ҲǻдµģҲҪ޸ˣʡ
κԲԲСѾһŵģҾͼ޸㡣
Ȣģ̫ˡ㿴꣬ѾʮˣôԲԣ
ѧκԲԲָͷ
ʮ꣬ôңˣ
κͤĸĸǰһֱκԲԲڼţôˣŪκԲԲ䣬ʵСܶ࣬ر˼
ͦϲЦġ
κԲԲָͷ㣬ʧɫʮʮҶʮʱ㶼ʮˣүүˣҲ޸㡣
ԲԲѧѧá佱
κԲԲ⼫ˡ
··⻰ǳ˳顣
κԲԲǸ¶Ժģǲĺܿɰ
ڵѾúܺˣǾϣǵŮܹĸκԲԲһá
κԲԲͿ²ӻˡ
ԺͽˣȥѧУһѧУ֡
ţ²صصͷۿˡ
Ժˡҽйƽͻô㡣ֵ
˵ͷһ۽ǵˮ
֮ǰʵһֱеᣬǲԼãײŻ᲻ϲ
μѧָ֣㳹׷ˡ
Ժˣ¼ûϵ
ʱ򣬸̰͸ˣʢûй
ҵᣬʢǸʢһμӵģеʱѧˡ
Ǹϣͦ͵ģûǰЩһ𣬵һֱʢ桭֮ͻصʢˡ
󲿷ʱ䣬סʢլҲɹŻˣֻǸԺӣѾõطǳˣһŮӶһ
һҲͲõ¶ԺԷˡ
Ǹ
һʼΪôѣܼһֱ¶Ժĺӽ飬ʵ֤ˡ
ˡ
ˣĳɼԽԽã˿Ҳز١Ȼˣǰ˵ġ
Դ˻ͦοġ
Ǹ̰ĵܵܣҪǲ
ǻؼҵʱ򣬷׷ѩ
ʱѩСȵڶѩȴѾ˺ܺһ㣬·϶ѩ
ӢЬʼ֮͸һһ˫û˸̰ǵҲ⡣
ѩư򻬣ǸɴȥѧϰˣȻţ·ϻкܶư
ЩˣŰЬģٲҲƤЬߺʵůЬĻư򣬴ʹõĲЬ
ϺѩǻסģҪͻڻ·ϵѩʵѾڻһ룬˱ˮЬȥᷢꡱ·ˮıǡ
ЩưһһŵģʵڱˮЬʪˣҲͨ졭
̾һ
Ѹ̰ȥҽԺ֮վȥ˽¿༭д
дǧ֣һ£ѵϵĺް޿㣬һԼͷȻ´Լĵطȥ
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ʶƹģȻ˼ʶģЦŽ¥ϣһţһơ
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Լʱ仹û´ȴѾڵˣ˺кøеġ
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֮ЩȣΪֻǰｭ´ҳһͽ
ǵģҪѣҿ¾Ҫûˡ´⼸һ 
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һЩ鷳ʱû̫¡ļƻٹ£ܰĶͷʰˡ
ǸΪε£Ȼͷˡ
ڲ߻Ҫɱ
Һãӹһٲ˵ʰֵµͽ
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Щ˰ô綯֣Ϊ´ͻӢֶԸձ˵Եʣǰˡ
Һˡ
´ʲôˣĶͷʲôˡ
´һٸл˵ѧ顣
´ˣڱǱҲʶ˵ģȥ֮󣬾ͱѧǮ
ѧԸǮҲԴеˣҪǸߡ
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ǱߣҲкܶ¥ķ˿ģЩһǣѧͻˡ
ģǶȻƯƯģ㡣´֮ǰöԸѧĴмһоȫˡ
վߣʼѧ
Ը첩ԴԲ֣ԸѧȴܸϾɱϾùˣҾȥͬѧˣ
ȣ´Լܰպõġ
ԣл
˳˷´ȥϷ͸ģֻлһС֣блҪ͸
ɲֵֻһԪ˵Ͷˡ
֪´Ĵ㣬ֱӾܾˡϲϷ
ԭϲϷ´ұȥҵĸŮġ
ĸŮЩ⣬´ԼĸŮʲô
´ҵĸŮǼ̨ζһһģҲû˶ź㣿һ׼һޡ
쿪һСһ쾹ȻֱŮ˸ˡ
ķǳ죡
ʷϣΪ䣬иΪӵϺȻͱ´ϱˣ´ԼĸŮ͸С檡
ˣȻǸȥձѧعһֱڸŮ˶Ӿ͸ˡ
֮˾ͿʼСһ껹˵ڶС檡
ʱֻпʱ˵㣬ȻϸСͷӣû뵽ԼҲˡ
֪ĸģѷģҪһλ־֮ͬˣײ롣ǸλСҸĹްɡ


170 
´Ůͷ, ҲΪܽҪ, Ȼǿ, 佱һֵǸŮûǷӻǲ, Ҿͽȥ
ƴǣֻǸ˸Ѷѣ޹»
´ЦȻֻ˸ѣȴҵҿ϶Ҫлġ
´ܼ, ƴǲ뵽׻ˡ
´͵, ֲ, ˵ý´ˡңһ˴Ϲϵڵ˵޺ġ
Ͼĸ߹٣ҲһԽ´Цӭġ
´һʼ˵, Ǹհѷ͸ʵϣӦ£, ˰ѷˣ׼õġ
, ȻͷⷿӵλüΪʽС󷿣˵󣬵ֵԪ
֮ǰҪǮ͸̰һӣû뵽һתۣӾ͵ˡ
Ҳû飺л
ʱµЩˣǴһ´ʶܶˣСģЩطͨ͸
˵ģ˵ͶЩһĶһ߰ڳһϵͦġ
̸꣬´˸Ƿߵˣ̾͵ϷѻƬǹ
ѻƬ񫷸ˡ
ʱظˡ
ӽ´뿪ֱȥ˸̰ѷ̰ţһȥǷӡ
ȥʱڴ̰ȻҽԺ
ϺߣҽȥǱˡҽԺߴţ͵
ôȥߵĵطˣһЩżĶж£Ǻģ֮󣬸̰Ȼȥˣ
ģεɺȣȾĴǺӣµġֵ
֮ǰдҽʱصʹ̰һЩҽѧ飬дȾǰװģһЩйص֪ʶ
ȻЩ߷֪ʶûдڡȾߣ˽ģҲ֪ʱߵܶࡣ
ڴʱеĴȾͳһߣо˺׺ɺȵȡ
Щϸġ
ʱΪʳɾԵʣرױϸԵĴȾΪʱͨմӪЩȾ
Щ׺ɺȣǿùƵġ
˵ֵĴڣڻӢû֪֪ҩѾˣ˵ʵɺȣһɡ
׻е㵣ġ
ɺȵĴǺӣҲܻᴫȾϣ̰ҪǲȾˡߵĵط
֪ԼٵĹϵģҽˣ㲻ҪȥϾѧҽġ
ҲȥӴˣڸ
룬˵˵ֵַҪȥĻɡ
˵ͷָҪ֡
ʱҽһǲÿֵġ
һֱ1897꣬ҲǶʮǰɴסڱϸʱֱһɴġ
񣬿ڹ⵹Ѿʹˣõ˲࣬ڹڣ֮ǰѹûõġ
Ϻÿ֣һҹר֡
дС˵Ⱦйء
ⱾС˵˴֣ҽǿһϣֹԼȾ˵ⲻǰٷְãһõġ
ⱾС˵ϺͬʱⶫҲϺ
̰ҽԺҽöָ˿ÿߣǴ˿ֵġ
Ҫֺ֣ܿȥȻһ
ǽưĿĵ֮󣬾˳Ͽǰȥ
ɺֲͨĭȾģϿܺúܶࡣ
ߵĵطϺܱߵһԳ֮Ϊﻧĵطסģ㽭ˡ
㽭ɽһֱ˶࣬Ϊ˻ȥܶ˾ͻ뿪Լ汲סĵطҳ·
̾Ļ·չģˣûбǮ˵ģǳˣֻܴ򹤡
ЩӵסˮϴͰһʵм䣬ÿ궼ᱬδȾֻαȽضѡ
Ⱦ˲࣬˾ˣҽ
ض磬ϺسǵķΧˣ˵Ϻײˣкܶˣûеġ
߹ȥʱ򣬾ͷر࣬·ɢķ㡣
Ȱɡֵ
ǽȥȽϺáֱǰȥ
ҲȾģ̰桭εĲɺȣܹûô¡
ȻߣﻧİԼӣһľ
һܳԱ£ǲںǲǵòġ
·٣ܿ˳ŵ·һ
ۼźܶˣвˣо죬Ҳҽ
ҽҽҲҽԼʮټŵˣжʮˣЩڰҩǳԡ
ˣǴ˿ֵģóȾⲿС˵Ӱ˺ܶˡ
Ⱦ˵ˣԤҪģҪ֤ѾˣӦøǳӪʳ˵ţſ֣ЩУЩҪǮġ
ҽǱ߲Ǯ˵
ǰ˵ˣüͷ 
ȥ֮󣬾⻰ͬʱĿһɨȺ￴˸̰
Ȼſ֣һϳ̰ѾԼĸ̰ЦЦЦ֮󣬲ʶԼ˿֣̰ǿ
Щ˶ˡҾһٴɣòЩʳ
㲻̫󷽵ˣһֱἺΪ˵ģ֮ƣҲͲ⻨һЩˡ
ЩһƼݵģóһٸԪӦǳԺõ㣬⣬ԡ
ǣǸҽʡ
¥̰ܣе㲻ͬؿ
ԭдҽ¥ҽе㼤ؿҺϲ飡
ҽһ顣
մ޵һֱҪϳҽ˵ϻʱ򣬱˾͸һҽϳҽ֮ȥδҽƿԡ
¥кܶಡˣⲡ״ȾһҪСΪϡ

Щҽ̬ȶܺãҲ
﷢ߣЩߵİյĹԱԸһۣһɵˡ
һСĵġʵλӦøСġֻǹѣЩ˽ӴλͲһˡλʱΪβֵþ塣
˵ĻĻЩҽͦõġ
˺˼䣬ͼΪβˡ
Ĳ˴ǺӣҲͳˣЩҽһ鿴ǵ֢״ӿһɳ羴
ÿ߷һЩҽΪβ˲ԼİΣ
óǮȥЩʳĲ˳ԣԼҲЩܼ顣
Ÿ̰ȥҲþġ
¥ѧҽиҽʵ
ûСЦǰΪдҽŸҽȥ
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ɺⲡͻȻ䷢ηȻͿʼʺʹʣǻѪ׳ְߵ㡭ΪҽŻ֮Ϊú
Щ֢״ǱȽ΢ģصĲڷĵһ죬ͻƤӲӵزʼѪ첢״ĳѪԺῪʼӣպȫ
ֲִѾټˣҲκãʱǻҪġ
Щ˵֮һ
֪ӢùأҲ֪ùصļ۸ǳ֮ߣӢԸùóЩβ
ңǲ֪ùصĴڵģܸӢ
ִʱʱڵ£ʱǮܶ·ߵĶӶǻͦģҲ֪ԭˡ
ʱ̫ˡ
ڣЩ˳ƵˡǴŵĵطϺȨ಻ò˽ǽ磬ȴΪ˰ȫɴȫɱˡ
úⲡ˲һûõġ
Щ˴ܻ
עһ㣬ӦᴫȾȥ
Щչ˲ˡ

Щҽ۷׷ףм˵Щϣúҩ
ΣЩõ𣿡һ˵
Ҳֻ̾
æһ磬ЩȫҩҲʳ
װãٷŽȥ˺ͼ˳ԣҲӪˡ
Щ˵ˣǻûʳģ̫Եʣ˶ֺࡣ
æһУˣҽǱҲҪ뿪ˡ
͸̰һߣ棬ժ˿֣̰ôͻȻˣôԼˣҽԺôҽ
ɺڶ෢̰Ҳժ˿֣һҽԺңҾ͹ҲϧģλҪΪֵ֪Ĵڡ
һòֵģӴܶɺȵĲˣδȾ
ֽӹ̰Ŀ֣ԼĿһͷʽȱĶҲͲùӣ֮õġ
ϣüͷһ壺̰ĿָҵĲһ
̰Ŀ֣ϵĿҪ
ϵĿ֣඼ǻӢĹ˾ģձһΪ֡
ƽҽԺõĿһֱģڸ̰ժĿ֡Ҫһ㣿
ⱡҲɴ⣬̫֣ڸ̰֮ǰûз֡ϸһŷ⣺ҲҵĿָ˻ˣ
ֱȻٵĹкҪ񣬱ƽҽԺõĺҪое㲻Ծ
ͻȻ뵽ԼǰЩйصӰӾС˵Ÿ̰Ŀ־һ˺
ֱ˺м侹Ȼһ鷺Ƶɴ
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̰ȷʵеģҵĵطνҵĶҲûϵҿԻ·ϴ裬ԼĿĶȴԽܡ
ͬʱҲһ
ĿӦǱˣڿⶫҪ
Ŀʲôʱ򱻵ģӡ𣿡սȭͷʡ
û뵽Ȼᷢ顣̰ȥЩβҪˣȻ˳ô˻Ҫ
̰᲻£
Ӧ硣̰ɫе԰ס
ȥģ绹һ˷ʱ򽫿ժ·˿ڴӦþʱ򱻵ˡ
һСģβ˺ܶ࣬ܶ࣬ǳæҲûжʲô
ȥҽԺ涼ʲôȻѾùأеĲùضκõġ˵ģ˵ʱûо컨ȾϾͿܻû
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ʱʲôһסʹǰȥ
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֪ߵĴˣǡⳡ߶⣿
ͻȻ뵽ⳡߵɺȣùؿƵĲ֢
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ģŵˣưҲˣͻȻյһԪǻưϲ⣺ϳ
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ưӦһŸ̰ܣ
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εظ
ҽԺʵңĺܶ豸ֻһãȥһ¡̰ǿ鲼ߣֶϴ裬ҡ
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ҽԺֵҽڸ̰ʵſڵţȥ֣һ֮󣬲ȥϴ衣
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ֺܿˣһʶһʵңҲȥϧסˡ
Ҳȷʵʵһϲͨûмֽȥֻſⲽ
ҹҽԺܰҲֻĽŲͣһµģƻϣĻˡ
Լ˺ܾãʵϸ̰ʵ˼Сʱͳˡ
Цһ£ҴȾɺˡ


171 ع
̰վʵſ, һ;е, ƲסҪ
˵ԼȾɺ, ΪѾʼηգ֢״
ҺֻɺȣǱġ
̰һ
̰Ļ, ҲһɺȾͺãֻҪùؾκá
ùءǲ֪ҩĴڵģ֪ȫҵݣҪҩ, ʱٸ̰þˡ
Ⱦɺ֮󣬾㲻ҩ, Ҳһû, ʵڲҶġ
ϾƲʱĻ˾ˣҲпܻ˹ؽķˡһҪø̰ܵƣ
̰ڸоôʡ
û, ȥһͺˣⲡ¡̰ЦЦѾˣȥɡ
ɺǻᴫȾģ̰һ㶼ϣȾϡ
Ѿ˵첻ȥˡһ, ȥԵġ
á̰˵ͷԼ, ߣҲǸ˵ġ
ңԼӦҲû
ѾϾŵˣʵûеƣ帵̰ɫ̰Ӧûܺ¡
Ͼȱҩ﷢նܰɵʱɺֻάʮŶȶĲĺܸߡ
ǰһѱס̰ıûµģġ
̰û뵽ʱȻᱧסԼĿڱƿ˵ʲôͿˣܵ÷ǳǳ졣
̰
٣ٺܹ㡣ֵֵ֪Ĵڣ¸̰Ӵ֪ʱԸⱧ̰Ƶˡ
̰ЦЦ֪֮ǰ֪ĶʲôʱûԶ
ϣôôõˣ
̰˵ʲôζͬʱҲ¶ģһҪ
ɺȵĲˣǸøģ̰ɴͽԼϢҵ˸ҡ
ߵĶ࣬ƷС̰˷䣬˰µ·ȥϴ
ǰϴ·ɹߵģǵԼҲûϴ
·Ҫϴ͹̰صؽһ
ҽԺߣܶҽеҪټϲҪˮŻˮģǱ߻ܺ·ʲôġ
֮ǰߵ·ʱΪɲˣͻõǱȥһ档
ǣ١·ˣûˣ٣ˣ
ˣ̰һ㶣ȻͿӢ
ӢηϴһƤ£һֱϥ£˶ԶĻһֻܡ
̰˺㣿Ӣһʣɷ
֪̰֮̾͹ˣѾòС
ȻҪĵܵܣ
š̰ӦһֵϿ֣ҴȾˡ
˵ţԼҲóһִֻϡ
ʱȹԼӢһ˵һóִϣߵ˸̰ע֡
û£ֻɺȶѣ־ͺˡ̰
˵ĵɣҪѾ֣ҪģӢŭһҪĻ˭ж˿飡
˽϶̰ҾεеΣרźҲΡ
ûзֿ룬ò롣
û˭Ӣʡ
˭磬˹ֵĴڣپһֳɡ̰ȥæβʱм߹ɷˣߵҪ֪ҩǲóá
Ӣڵļ۸ôߡܶ࣬׬Ǯģˡ
ⶫ׬ǮӦҪóЩβӢ᲻õġ
᲻úײǡ̰ңֻܲһ֡
̰ең˻ģԼʲô벻
һǿ϶ģǾǹֺ;֣ȻʧһǮкô
ҪǣһҲͲΪȾˣЩκãӦûܸˡ
ʱͿЩպͬˡ
Ӣ䲻ᣬ̰ô˵ˣ׻ǵͷͬˡ
磬ȥɣСĵ˷ֵ̰֡
˷֣˶ΪܳӢһ
Ҳ㡣̰ҲСĴȾ鷳ˡ
ôױȾҪ˵˵ܴȾϣϵˡӢͻȻʲôأ
֮ǰõϢܵһģô˲ڣ
ȥԵˡ̰
ӢüԵĲñȥǲȾˣ
ԼܵܵĲǻᴫȾģòΪ˰ɣӢ뵽Щá
Ҫڸ̰ߴţҲܵûӰˣ
磡̰ˡ
̰⻰˵նģӢɬԼĵܵܣǱ˹ˡô˵ܵϱ˸磡
ˣҲ˵ˡӢˣ̰ǲǻûʱѾ򲻵ԵˣȥҲǰȥԵģ͹
ϵģǶ죬ȷʵ򲻵̰ԼûʲôθڣûԡҪӦֽˣ٣ˡ
ָո˵⻰ˣӢûʱ㡣
ɴͲˡ
ʱһֻӣ̰ûʳҾ˵Եġ˭
䱸ؿŸ̰ǸƤ´ſֵˡ
ӢӢ
Ӣһ˵ϳˣЩԾؿ
ȷʵûȥʳ֮ǰ뿪ҽԺֱ֮ȥ˽¿༭
ûԵģ¿༭гʳġ
䣬ʱܻ˹ҲͷŻû֮ܲ⣬档
Щ˵Եġ˸Žȥõ
ⶫܿˣڼ䣬ոдһţҪ֡
֮ȰͶ䣬ȻܵҽԺˡ
Ȼ￴˻Ӣ
Ǹ̰ķ䣬̰ڻˣʱӢ̰ǰû˵Ӣϵôá
˳ԵģӢҲе㾪ȡղ˵ġ˳ԵģԵģ
š˵ͷϵӷڸ̰ߣ̰ڽ¿༭ǱĳʳûʲôϾֻ˵㣬ȳɣҪǲϲñȥ
̰Ͽ֡
óִϣֿӢô
ұǹҩģ˵̰ˣ͹Ӣ
ٺ̰ʶһʣһ߰Լ˳
´ɱװˣӷ©ΪԼŹԵʣ׻˵ˮ
ҲˣģױûǿԵ
ȻѶ˳ûн֮򿪡ʵڲô̰ˣûӢ
ԻӢĪؽ䱸
Һڹ⵱ͬѧӢµؿ
֮ǰڿ˳ʳؽ˸̰ķ䣬ֻʣºøˡ
ôͻݵĵϱĶȥ
٣Ӧûб顭Ͳðʱˡ̰
ԼĵܵҪԼߡӢ̫ߣ뵽кܶҪ׻Ǹˣһ棬ס֣̰ͬðɣ
̾Ϳһ˵̰顣
ҵܵܵ۹ǺáӢŷĵ뿪
ʱȴǽԼ˳
Ϊ̫öеˣΪ˪Եʣ̵رóԡ
ȳٷˮ˵ģͬóԡ
̰ûʲôζȴһ˺Щ˼û
Щȫˡ
ζͦģʱӵΣеûûζʱҲ˲ˡ
ԹѾҹˣø̰˯
Ҳȥ˯ɡ̰
á˯Ҿ˯
̰һ죬Ⱦ˲ܿ˯ˡ
״ͽ칫˯ĵ˴ᵽϢȻȥ
м䣬ҩˡ
չ̰С
ְϵļҩְ뿪ˡ
̰˯Ժģºܸߣȴڱɪɪ
̰һӣʲô鶼Ѳһڣžе
ЩۣʱʱȻѲ˽ѹûô˯
ϣܶ˶û˯
ﻧǱߵȻľ˵˲ģ˯
ЩˣϵĲʹҲ˯ţټϾ˶Ǻӡ
˲˵ʱʱؾӵĿ
Щһ˶ûеˣͬʱҲƲסصġҪҲ˲ǿǺã
Ӱֵˣ԰ߡ
ӢҲû˯ȥ麦̰ĵ˭ˣͬʱҲⷿϻж֡
רŰдļ飬齫ֵĴд׫дһƪĸӣҪһֳߵд
ȻҪ裬裬ٰºúõڱֽ˵˵
ͬû˯ģԭɡ
ԭǰЩӹúܲá
ӢڿӣҪӢϵ⣬ӢˣǷһҪϼ۸ϺܶĻȥӢģ
ǴθӢϣʧ˲ǮյԹڵĴλ᧿Σ
Ȼǲ޵ģһ˶ŻӢһֽ֧´Ķ֣Ҫ⵹´
֮ǰӢӮ´֧йأܽ´ֵλϺ£ͷܶˣ
Ϊ£ûȥһӢ鷳ˣ벻ǣ¾Ȼûɣ
Ƕúˣ´ûвȽȥ˵Ȼץסߵͽ
´֣ûôˣ
ԭɲ㱻Ѫ
ڣڶԽ´ֵʧܵͬʱ֪һ¡
һ֪Ӣ֮ԻԻӢ̬ȴ䣬ΪӢ֡
ȾⱾд֣ʵڵġ
ԭɵ֪£һĲǻ
˲䣬ʶҩ֮
ܵõҩ
ԭҪõҩģʵףҪӳ顣
⣬ҪȷҩЧǲôá
Ҫ֪ҩЧҪвˡⳡߣԭһƵģд£ָӢҩԸãԴ˱ȻӢʹ֡
ȻˣһҪͼ֮һıֽϣȳһЩߵı죬ԽԽ࣬Ż˰ѻӢߵҩ˵ȥ
ʱ򣬻Ӣ֮ǰĺǻɢ⣡
֮⣬˱飬跨ø̰Ⱦߡ
⼸£ԭһֱңɶ
ǱӢĺܺõĴӹѧһѧҽģһҽѧоģһֱסڻӢĹ
һǸ̰һƽһһЩˡ
̰ƽˣҽи̰ǴŷѧģƽǴձѧģ˵ҽܲпҡ
ȻˣƽĿԸһ㡭дġȾ֪ձΪ˽⣬ڸ̰϶ƽ˽ձ
ԭɲһԡ
ߣǰѸ̰ƽȥˣ跨ǴȾɺȡ
ַǳ󣬻Ӣ벻Щ񣬵ҴȾ֮󣬻Ӣ϶ָơ
ҪҳץңһҪʳֵٽж˿飡
ԭôţ˯ȫޡ
Īؼܡ
ڶʱ򣬸̰Ҳˡ
̰һ۾ͿſԼߵ
ûȥ˯̰ü
Ҳ
̰üͷɺȻᴫȾ
˸̰һڣ˵ˡ
ſ֣һʵҲſ֣̰Ǳһ 㡭
úϢùңȻһ㡣
̰˺һ㻻֡
˸¿ֵ֣һû˯˯һ
˵ţԱߵĵ˲ˡ
̰˯ˣȻ˯⡭
̰˯ʱ򣬺ܶѾˣڿֽ
ű걨ͷͷϺܱ߷ߵ顣
飬Ϊ˲ðտֻţǻѹرģΣ߲ɷõĸйص飬Ȼȫˡ
ֽ˿Щסˡ
ϺȻߣ߰һСģҲҪȾϵģ
пŵˣڿֽĶ̶̵ļ;ҪȥݻϾһ 
ϾǲСıȾϣҪûģ
ţؽֽһҳȻͿһ˾÷˼ı
ֽϾȻ˵ٵо˸ȾдƵҩεߣˣٻԸ⽫֮׳Ϊβ
ոջںµˣһʱ䶼סˡ
־Ȼʵڣ
پȻо֣
ҩڹⶼûеİɣ



172 Χ
ʱ, ҩ֮ٵġ
˵ģ˵ͨʹҩ, ֻа˾ƥһ֡
˾ƥʮǰԭȾϵĳ˾з, ֮ǰйҩգˡʱܶ˿ˮա
û, ǻױƷ¶ˮﳣеǸˮᣬⶫԵʹãȾ
ˮԺǿиʴԣȻ, ֱӷûʺθĤҺãǸȾϹ˾ˮĻоˮ, Ϊ˾ƥ, ҽһֿ԰ȫʹҩ
ҩ˵Ƕһ޶ģڶ̶̵ļ䣬ͷȫ硣
һսڽУ˾ƥսϵҩ, йҪ쳣ѣһֱҪһս֮󣬸ù˾Щգͬʱðܶ๫˾˾ƥ, ҩƷļ۸Żήйʱ, ʲôεҩ
θʹؽʹͷʹճ˶Чɲҩ
ֹʹҩֻа˾ƥһֵ£ֵĳ֣ЧӦ֪
ֽϺˣˣҼԸӣҲ˵Ըӡ
𵩴ѧ
߷ʱ򣬺ܶ˶صġ
ߣ֪Ҫˡ
Ӧ֯һЩ
ҽѧϵˣӦȥΪβ

ţͿ˻Ӣ˷ڱֽϵ¡
⡭֮ǰˣһʱ䶼ûˡ
Ǽǿġ
ҿȾ֪ĴȾǶ׫ģһֱΪҲǶ׫ġ
ԡǲоˣԲŻһ飿
пܣһ֪ҩˣ
ֽ˵ˣǳѣ۸񰺹һҩپȻԸѾ̫ˣ
˵ȾⱾ飬ûпֻΪģ

һȥ
Ҫȥǲôҩ
һѧ
˵𣿻ٵо֣
ʲô֣ȾдǸ
Ǹ
ֽϢ

һȺѧһ𿴱ֽȻͿдĹֵ¡
־ȻôĲ
ҩ̫ˣ
ǺˣȻԸѸʹá

ЩҽԺ
֮ǰӢһ֣еˣֵ֪Ĵڵġ
ڵ֪ȻôһҩڣǶ˼顣
ϵ۰Ҫҩ
ʲô취ҩ
֮ǰصģ˵÷а취ơһ֪ҩĴˣд÷
̫˼ˣһֱųѧĹңȻоҩ

ҽǶˣȲҪҩϧѹͲ֪Ҫô򵽡
ǿȥߵĵط
ԡҪҽ
ȥһԼ֣

Щҽ̾˾Ҫȥߵ
ɺֲʵͦģͨ˲˽ܺ£Щҽǲ¡
˭ûƹɺȵĲˣ
ҽкܶ඼ȥ˱ߵĵطЩҽҲкܶȥˡ
Ҳֺܺ档
ңЩҽȥβˣǳԼΪҽܲȥ
ⳡߣϺһҽǰ
ʣµʵҲȥϧеҽ߿ġ
̰ûȥڻա
֮ǰܳһʱǳæȱ˯ߣõʱ򿴲ʲôͻȻȾȴֲɽĸо
ϵ·ǳߣյʮŶȶֵ࣬ҵǣҽԺﻹа˾ƥֵģҹ͸ιҩ
ҩ̰״žͺöˣʱ϶û취ˣֻܺúš
˯һͿˣŵشɨ䡣
иϢҪ㣡־Цпɺȵҩҽעҩûˣ
ģװԾӿ֡
ϲ̵صͷȻóֽ
õֽһɨͿ˱ֽͷͷϵϢ
ڱֽϴεߡ
Ҳˣдµ˾Ȼǰдһдƽֱѧķ磬ЩߵˣдüΪ
ʵе㷴
ûйعעϢܿͿϢȻ¶ϲı飺û뵽ȾдҩȻĴڣٻԸǸˡ
ǰֵͷȷʵǸˣ˵ֹҽһûµġ
Ǿͺá
ȻдŸ٣ҪˣҪõҩҩ̰û鷳ڻپҩû鷳ˣٺò
һҽû顣
֮ȥҽˡ̰ĿĶҲ֪˵˵ġ
˸ҽҽĿֱˣǲûȾȻҲǻûзֵ
ʵϣֹ֪ͨЩҽӢȥôˡ
¶н´ģһϹȥѾˡ
ȥҽкü˵ĿֱˣЩ֣ǱﻧһС͵ģ͵СͿ͵ϵĹǲ˸ǮȥҽĿ֣ȥˡ
ڰæ˽ȥ̰ҲûɣϾʱԸæǺ¡
ﻧʶˡ͵ǰ͵ûʲô͵ﻧ͵˶ӡͦģȥæֻΪڳԵģѹûЩҽ
֪͵˱˵Ǯ͵˵Ҫ͵͵ҽڴĿ֣ټ򵥲
С͵Ѿץˣû
ֻҽѣɲЩ
û¾ͺáüͷǸ̰һ˵ĿֱֽţǾ˵ĻǳŸ̰ģҪǺüҽĿֶֽšĻ˵ʲô
ɻͻȻ뵽˱ֽͷͷš
ⳡкܴĿΪƵģҽĿﶯֽţӦҪִĨڻӢȻӢó
ӢȻعˡ
ѾʼĻʹŵˡ
Ļʹ˭ձˡ
ֺҪעкܶ죬ǿѾ֪Ӣ֣Ҫֿ϶ֱӸӢҪǿȨѹʲôпܣǲַӣձǱߡջ˵Ӣûиձ֡
ձӦҪֵЧҩǲʵڣ跨ܻٵ
ԽԽôһ¡
ʱֵЩҽЩϰÿ֣žժˣûȾҽ
̰Ҫ壡
ڡȾдĴȾǳ£һҪȾϣʵϣʵеĴȾһӴͻᴫȾϵġ
˵ɺȣⲡʵڲв࣬Ⱦûǿִѹû˻ߡ
һ㺢ӵ˲ĸԱţױͬҲûᴫȾϡ
ڹŴⲡ֮Ե÷ǳأȾҲǿˣһʱҽãܶһʮ˼һСסˣɾˮȲ
ʱͨգձӪҲˣǻҪɷصٲþҪ͸֧Լ塣
Ҫ֪ʱײջʮ꣬ͱΪˣʮˡ
ҵ屾ͲˣеɶȾȻȾϡ
ʸߡɺֲȾǻᷢյģʱ˾ƥһСҪͨ
𡭡Ҳ֪ҩûȥ
Ҳˣⲡǳһҩ¶Ƚܺõġɺȣտɲֹһ죡
˷նܲסС͸ˣһȻܸߡ
ʱߣʵǸɺȲëЩ̰һȥҽûбȾϣ֡
Щҽƽ嶼ܽ׳ֿǿǳˣɺһֻкӻỼĲȻ䵽ǵͷϡ
̰ڻòΪ̫ˡ
ʼĥҪٸ̰ˣ⣬ҪϢ˯
Ҳ֪̰ʧ߻Ǳģû˯
ĥҪø̰ʱ򣬻ӢѾѶǸץС͵ˡ
С͵Ȼ˺üҽĿ֣Ҳ˵ˣ˵ЩʹҽĿ־㲻ҲԣҽĿ֣һҪ
ȻģǸ̰ƽĿ֡
ӢƤñӵģѶҳԼİ칫ңͽñӳ£Ȼߵ˵ֵӦձˣҲѾ̰ˡ̰ɼˣһҪ
ǣ١Ӧˡ
Ӣӻȥеˡ
֪ձ˻ôһ㹫ֵĴˡôһҲ̰Ѿձ˶ˡ
Ȼڻ֪ձΪʲôᶢ̰
ӢûԭȷʵѾϸ̰ˣ
һ磬һҹδ˯Ѿֽϵˡ
ûӢɨأʧˡ
ıҲȫûɡ
֪ǲʵڣѾ֪ˣˣȻӢ֡ӢҲŪһЩȻͻعǹҵо
֧˶оĶͲǹҵо
ԭôţ̾ȥϵϺŵˣ跨Ū֡
ͬʱҲȥŸ̰ƽ
ֵ飬˸С͵ȥģºһֱ˶ǸС͵
С͵ץˡ
Щҽ㷢˿Ҳô̵ʱץ ǻӢˡ
Ͳ֪ӢΪ˭ֵġԭɿԼǰֽϵ֣ȻȦ֡
̰ƽ
ԭɶֿһüͷ
ձйڶɽģϺضûձˣֵµ˾͸ˡ
һֱӢΰѳϺǲֵġ
Ҳˣ֮ǰ˺ܶ๦µĶ̽ӣ̿鱨磬һѶˡ
ԭ뵽Щɫеѿ
ҪϺûˣֹ˼ӢҶץס
֡
ǿȻڴ̣ȻСǵĹҪõ֣ҪЩֶΡ
ԭɿʼı
һߣø̰͡
Ǹļ˿Ͱӡ
Ʋ͵ļ࣬Žȥ˺ļ˿ټ϶İײģ಻ӪҲá
ЩԲ
Һûд
źһֳ࣬Ӳű
չˣ㲻ô̰˶ֳһƬ˾ƥ֣Ѻܶ࣬
չ㲻㡣
㣿̰ü
ˣñչˣ
̰ӣͻȻеЦ
ܲ־ͦġ
̰һֵֽҩɺȣſĺˣǸСëֵ
֪̰Ц
ֵһˮ̰̰κüҽĿֶˣҪǡҾҪӻ٣û뵽ٷ߽ǵļı
Լķ˵̰
һø̰֪Ļ˼ıûóѣø̰˵㣬һ桭ҲҪҫһ¡
ͦġ
ţ֣ǵе¶ԺǸһϢĺβҽ
˹Ȼǻٵˣ˵־оġǵ˵Ǹעҩҩùء
ؿˣȻͿֱӸ̰ע䡣
ȵȡֱֹעģעû⣿
˵־ֱעģȻҪȸƤԡ
˵ţͲڸ̰ĸ첲Ƥԡ
͸עˣʱƤԵģ衭
Һüʱˡ
ôԼղˡ˸ղҪֱע䣬Ҫ̰Ƥԡ
̰ƤԺʹװ׵ضһΡ
ΪҪƤԵԵʣ˺ܾã̰űעùء
̰עãǸҽ뿪ˡ
£㸵̰˵
̰ʵкܶҪһֱﲻߣܲõȥ
ɴͲˣһӢҲϺֲסʲô顣
̰İõϢ˰Լżպãȥ
̰ôԸ֮󣬸ոձҵţͺżһ
һֱŸ̰ϺЩɺȵĲˣе㱡
Щ˴ǺӣҲкܶˣڵ֪Լ֮󣬾;ԼҪˡ
һʼڼģһȺҽȻ;һ𣬰ȫŪǸ
ȻԵ˼࣡
ĲڼٳԵˣϾҪ˵ˣ̫˷ѡ
ڣȻ˸ǳԼ࣡
Ų˷ѣҪҲҪĴ㣬Ƕ˲١
ϣΪ˿ޣǺܶû˯ã˵ڶ죬ָǳԵľȻ֮Ǿͼˡ
ĥţôܣҪԼ٣ǰúһ£
ôţǵľ״̬˺ܶࡣ
ʱͻȻ˺ܶҽЩҽǣǵĲκã
ԭЩˣһʱ䶼ȻǾͱЩ˻ҪöΧˡ


173 ̽
òλﻧı, ӵˣͻյ㶫
Ȼ, Ҷ, յһҲǹ˳ӣǰ·֮࣬оûֽ۵Ԫ
ֽһ˼Ҷòġ
ÿһʮ, һЩ˾۵
˲ˡ
һɺȣϷĲġ
飬Ѿǵһηˡ
ʱ, ЩòһԼ, ߻ʱʱȥ, ǻ־壬ԱԼҲȥ
ڡ
֪ܳʲô
ŵˣ
˵˼

ʮĺڽĲС˵Ż
ҪܳԸ, ˶ֵˡЩСһһĺӵô󣬻ûԹأ
һ̾͵˵ʲôأ˵, ǲ
ǰЩҽ˵𣿻ҩ, ܰβ
Ǹˣ

Щʵ֪˭Ƕܸм
磬ǹԵ˼⡣
ƤǶ֮ʹһ𰾳ɼ࣬Ӫֺóԣһȥ˶ůˡ
ͷ˳¶ȥ
Թ֮󣬻иľϲǣ
Ժˮÿˣˮϴϴ֣ϴ֮ǻֵ˸ɾ·˽˲ɾŵ
һ㶼©Ҳ©ů͵·ζʳЩ˾Լ壬ƺ˺ܶࡣ
ʱΪѾԽԽˣҽһٶˣôˣʹ¡
ʱҽǲȱǮģǻ˵Ǯ˽һյƽˣڿյϴӣȲϢ
ЩҽҲˣбƽ
ƽʮ꣬ȥձѧѧҽع֮Ϻһֱβˣʱʱػȥ
æһؼңûϢ˵һߵβĸҽĿֱ˵ˣɺȣһ顭Ŀͬ˻ˣ
Ҫôſƣûô˵ҲȾɺˣ
ʱ򣬾ȻҪЩҽƽһϣ쾫ҲͲ̫ãǹˣһǷŲЩˣһߣҪʶһ֡
ҽû˶ùֵջ
ֱڣǶûм֡
ٸò᲻˰ɣ
˵ּΪòˣһ־κõġ
ˡ
мҽ˽
ƽԵλԣٲˣ
Ȼٲûа˲Ĺ˹ٶЩ˾סǻٵɵģǴ·ҲǻٵģҲЩʳ޹أ¥Ǯġ
ƽôһ˵Щҽʱס죬һ˼һ亹
ٿɲ˵ġʶһ㣬мؿƽ
ʱˣٵˣ
Ӣ˰ˡ
ϣ˿ֽϿǵĻӢҪֵı֮󣬻Ӣһߵҽƣ
ӢȻ˹ƲľסţһЩˣע֡
ӹģǸŰ״ӵˣźǺƣһͶԾҽּΪ÷Ҳеҩע䣬ȻλԹĦ
ƽӦǣϸĦ
ȴҲ˿ŴҽͷЩʿɫ
ֱװϼӿأҪŪɲף
ЩԭɵǮҪŪһЩֵŵˣμˡ
ڵǿ϶Ūˡ
Ǳ˸ǮŪҲѾֵǮ˻ȥǮԭɣǻ治ֻ̰˻ȥ
ʹ
Ӣһ֧ҽƶӹ
ɺȵĲҪܶ죬ʱûΪⳡȥڣ֧ҽƶӵ˸е˼壬ȻǵЩ˷ֳءеȡ΢ֻ֣вصģʹ֣ɻӢԸע䡣
Դˣû
Ҿ֪ǲЧ
ϧǣֵЧһʱܿġ
ˣˣ
Ӣҽƶ뿪ʱɫѾˡ
֧ҽƶˣЩΪֶˣҲˣҲֻлӢչ˲˵ϸĵչĲǡ
Ƕ˵ˣЩֻҪܵõչˣͲأֻҪǵĲ鲻أǾòע֣ǲעֵĻܸʡһǮ
һֶ֧ҪʮԪһһֻ֧ǾԲģǾҪʮԪˣ
һҪչ˺ЩˣΪʡǮ
ӢģĹĹˣЩʮ꣬ڹ֮󣬶ԻӢĹǳΣ֪Щ˶ǵߵģҲη塣
ٿ˵ˣȾأע֣
ʲô£
ȻˣûǲҪȾ
ôţЩϵĿ֡
ˣĻȼţ俾ůڵģЩڸɲϣһ˯Ļġ
кܶ˿ϣ޵ĺȴ޼ѵкӿˣ̾˹ȥ塭
ƽҽԺ
̰Ⱦ飬Щ׽˶Ѿ֪ˣûи¶ԺĺϿΣǴŸһ̰ˡ
Ӣ˸̰ע֮󣬰ӢһΣ̰ע˵ڶ֧֣֧̰ø̰Լע䡣
Ҳ֪ǲֵҩЧˣǹʱ״̬ͦġ
˴Ͽ֣˸̰
ĸûʲô飬ʵǲṵ̀
㲡ˣôܲ
ҲǰУ㲡˾Ȼң
ͦƵġ
粡ˣȻǴ֪ġô
˿֣˿ı飬۾ǿߡ
̰㶲ŵǸˡ
Ըû̫ĸ飬ټϾøСҲûصȥ֪ͨ
ܵܣԺɲֵ
á̰Цŵ˵ͷ
̰ͦġԭˣ磬ͷɡ
Ϊ˸ߵβŻ᲻ȾߣһҪúչ
˵ǰԼĸ粻Ǻˣ̫Ӧˡ
ʵ̰ͦõģһֱ˽֮ǰʲôģӢ
ѧУ߶Żٶöãôˡ
ˡ̰㻹Ҫ顣
㲡ˣĻֻŶ飿ҴҽԺɣôæ϶ûչ磬һҽԺ̫ˡ
չ˺ˡ
̰Ҳ͵á
 չ磬ĺˡ
ʦæôչҸ磿
Ҳæյúܡ˸ɺŪдС˵ҪռϣҪҽԺš
汻Ūסˡ
ͬؿһ۸
ҪռϣҪҽԺϱأ
ûע⵽Ůı飬ϸϸ˸̰״˵ٹһˡ
ϼҵϰףݲҪųʳȥ̽ġ
ֻΪܳԵõģʱ䳤ˣϰס
̰ûоܾǻȥ
лڣõġ̰Щģ෴СС;Ѿ˸ˡ
ҹҪü죬Ҫܲϴﶼȥá̰⣬ֽʲôģҲһЩ
ҲǡҡڻŸ̰·
ȥˣһߣֽ̰ѯûʲôҪ¡
һֱţû˵ʲô
ٷģѾЩȫӹȥˡ
Ǿͺá̰
٣ҵźʹ˧šֵ
ҿ̰Щ档
û뵽ҾȻô͸ˡ
ÿţܿظҸĻţһ㶼Ҫá
ʮʮ죬ŻһŲ˵Żϻǳ̣ϧ
ȻˣԴġ
ôæˣ϶æ
ֺܿͰˡ
̰һȴҼģͲǻš׼öʮ֧֣װһϻĴ浽һҳ̵Ĺϡ
Ҫ֣̰룬׼ʮ֧֣Ҫ󣬼Ĵ浽Ǽҳ̵Ĺϡ
Ϊ粻㣬ƽҪת㶫ҲˣҸӼķһ£ߴһʼ˵÷ĳȻ˹ȥá
ѶĴǳе顣
̰ԸãָдһţûбҪȻȥġ
ҰǺܶ࣬һֱʲôҪʵø̰ЩûףͻȻʧӰ١
ãӦĴġ
ְȥˣִ̰˻˧š
Լ׵ϵһ򲻶࣬ʲô飬һᶼǸԼĴϵġ
׸дţȥꡣ
£Ѿǵһˡ
֮ǰϺѸҲ͹ʱ򣬻ʵȡ
ʱͷ˶ͻȻб̻ȵⲻĵġ
귢˺ܶ飬ڻɽѾ׵ʵˡ
£ȻҲͲ͸Ҫ
Ͳúȥúҫһ
治ָݣҲôȥꡭ
ҵźԼ׵ţ̰ȫˣ˴ɨɾȻЩż
Լ·ʱѾϾŵˣ̰ڿš
̰ڿţѶźãֵѾˣٿɡ
á̰ŷ£ʰã͹˵ơ
Ҫһݵ飬Ҫ̹ײС
ҪȻԺû취ȥһѶѵ顣
Ҫô˵ȴǸ⡣
̰ʱ򣬻ӢҲھᡣ
ֱˣȻһֱڸ̰ﲻߣ
ĸ̰ٹȥߣû취ȥ
ôôУ
ðɣôԹҲáԸչܵܣҲǺ¡
ƣǸˡ
ãҲյ˻˧š
ȥҵ籨˵ҵҪһˣȥˡ
ܾһƣ


174 
̰һ, ˺ü졣
ϵĺȫȥ, ֻµҪ˼ȥİɫӡ, ˿žǰҪ
⼸죬һֱҽԺŸ̰, ˳дС˵
Ѿѡ˿硷дˡ
ⲿûгȥ˶ϸдһȫʮ֣дͦġ
Ȼдô죬һԭ, ǾдֵٶȣԽԽˡ
ʱ, Ժкܶ뷨, һСʱŸֱҲд߰˰֣ڣȫעдһСʱ, ϶дһǧ֡
Ȼּٲûʲһ㣬Щʻܶķ֣дʱ򻹻ȱ첲ȡ
Щûʲôϵ, ʵܶ˻ô, ЩϿʱܱʼʼǵˣıʼǣʱֻԼö
Ѿǲˣܳ˳ʱûŪ
˿硷Ĵ֣̰ǵһߡ
»صҵڼʶ֪ԼǿĶ壬޲ȥ֮ĳӲ
ҵȨ£Ҫ˸ߣֻǮһЩ׳ӣɻӣȻӰտʼı˿ҵ
СɣҸ룬ָ䲻ٴΪصҲ˸ңæ˲£ǾԼ߲
һЩϲŭ޳ҲʱԼС
ΪĸǿСɣԭȵİԹʼΪԼĺŬ
˽Լ鲻˵·ӣϺϡȻʶĸ˼׬ȡۡ
ǮľҲȻͿʼ׬Ǯķӡ
ɹˣĹϵȵ˿ͻ˿
СɣĳɾͱȲҲˡ
յҵʱʲôֳЦԱڣɺܶ಻㹻ţȫںЩ
Ҳںͺ
ΪʲôϲСɣҰˡ
ǵĹңŢ֮УǿȣǴúµ𣬵ȻϲŬãΪʲôϲҵӣ
ҵһֱŬţԽԽãţҵԽԽһ
֮ǰд飬һʴģⱾ˿硷Сɣĸдüá
һʼۣмľᣬٵ֪أдúϸ塣
εĸдò̰̲ס
ǣϾϲˡЦ
̰һǳ˵黰ܾԼемܲס
Ȼͱһڡ
ˣֵ̰ҽҪȥһ˴ڱ༭ҽԺúϢ
á̰
ʰһ¾뿪ˣһ뿪̰ͽְ֣Ҫ齻
ûյţ̰ʵ
٣ûСֵ
̰ЩΣҲ˵ʲô
ʱѾһưǰڱ༭ˡ
ڱ༭ܱ࿴̾Ц˻дġ˿硷֮ǰġ˼ǡܻӭˣôڱ࣬۶Ҳ˺ܶ࡭Ǹвޡ
˿硷ˡԼ⼸дֵܹĸӸܱࡣ
ô죿ܱЩԾܰѡ˿硷дĸ˼ǡһģȻôˣдʲô뷨𣿡
ѾˡһŮΪǵģֽСɱ䡷
ɱ䡷ⱾǣǸũŮӣа㡣
С࣬ΪŮӱĸϲΪ˴Ǯĵܵܿѧĸ˴˼Ѿߡ
ΪòֺʣյǼҵС㡣
Сл֣ϲȴǳϲ
һֱǵãСʱǴ¸صүү˵ҪıˣҪ飬ʲôС
Ҫ֪ΪʲôԼ͵һȣһֱŬ飬ȻС￴ġŮ䡷֮࣬һֱŮ͵һȡ
ͬ
Сˣ޸һʿ
кܶ뾭ѵͷҵСȴǸǳͳŮӣֺˣѧһӵĹأȻɷϲ
ŬСı䣬С㷴ѵⰢ㣬Զ˰㣬㣬Ҷ˼үڼе飬ҿһЩֽ۽硣
ϧǣƿԼ
üΪƯְ飬СļɵСԼɷ򣬾Ͱ޸һµĶӡ
Ȿ飬ʱдոտʼ
飬һкܶϲȻˣ϶Ҳкܶ˲ϲܱ࿴˸ͷ͵İǷǳϲģ˵һЩҲ˼
磬ȰԼС飬ã϶õģҪȻЩˣǧټƵȥ顣
ֱ磬Ů˵ļֵֻӡһŮֻ֪ӣǸĸʲô
ãŮ˹ţʵŮ˵˫ţŮ߲š
֪ҲҪ˶ϲ
Ƣܱ֪飬Ҳ˽⡣
ЩϹŰôҲסܻӭѾˡ
ˣôдôдɡ
ѡ˿硷ĽֺĿͷˣ뿪ʱԼĸѡ
׬һǮͦ˵ġǮȥһƤñһëƤ´ãִһīȻȥһҷԷ
ʱʮңûʲôˣĶӼҲͷǳڵתתȥ
óһԪǮԼȥʳȥһ
ǵС̾ȥˣûһʹҪĶ
ӳõİŵľˡҪ˸һװϣ˷ĴţȻĿĵһͨߣһֱƧĵطתơ
û˸
ͷ֮ĸ߿Ƽֶһûеģپֻϣ˸ĻʱֲˣƧĵط϶ֵܷġ
ʲôû֣˵û˸
˵ղôҲǹСˡ
ټȻӦ˲϶ʲôˣע
ϵ·ñӳȥϣȻȥ˽´Ǹլӡ
լյ֮󣬴δ
һʼҸ̰һģ̫æˡһֱڣṵ̂˵լӵ顣
լſڣͿſţЩȣȥ
լһߵС¥ط󵫺ƯƵļΪɣսȥиʮӭ
ɣ˼̾Щͷصͷ
ʱ϶᲻ӦԽѾܾãȴϰˡ
·ϵĻư򣬱˼ҵӶˣĵС̫ڿʱ򣬻¶ģˡ
˼䣬͵֪ˣլĹܼҡ
´լӵʱ򣬻һˡǰǹܼңǳһ˫ŮֱӶŮӶ
һˣ´ѾһнˮˣǶ⣬ǣǲ⣬԰˸ߡ
Ҫµģʱ򣬾Եùġ
լʰĺܸɾϲģլﱻþһӦȫ¥Ȼ䱸ˡ
νļǱ䣬ͷɵģһ֧ǹڶɵģϹһԿס
ʹʱòϵùطֱӾͷŽ˱䣬ȻְˣǮĹܼұȥ
ǮܼӦǡ
״ְѹ¶ԺĵַǮܼңҪԸȥ¶ԺǱ߹һٶһнˮլӡϿסʱɨһ¾С
ллǮܼҸм˵
һûأܼ׬Ҳ࣬ȴȥϺض׶ȱ𴦹ࡣ
ȢϱҪƸŮҪмױǺԸһݹġ
Ҳ⡣
һȥ¶ԺǱߣȻҪнˮȴҪ̫࡭ͦõġ
ùؾˡ
ҩʱòϣԺãϾӢӣʱ㹫ùء
ҲͦģӢĹѾùˣʱ϶ҲǹӦġ
ø£ͻƽҽԺȥʱ򣬸̰ڸ˵
ˡֿЦŴкиϢѾסˣ
εߣͦͻȻģȾĵΪֹѾٸˡ
ȾӦûһЩȻٲҪˣȻˣͷˣҲ̫¡
βͬѾô⴫ȾˣߵģΪֹֻ
ˡ㲻ȾɺȣҲҪ
ˣһǸУΪĸûĸ鱻ͷСӤò֮ҪԶȻעùأǺܿûˡ
һǸŮӣŮӵĸװˣ͵ʱ򲻽Ⱦɺȣϵ߹ǻϣѾûˡ
ǸǸˣҲǳģʵںòˡ
ʣµˡдˣûע֣ӢǳԸʵʳÿǷһƬάCЩ˵Լˡ
ȻˣһЩصģԼòˣЩȫעùصġ
עù֮Щ˱ܿת
һĲ˵״̬ŵǱȵòǰˡ
ǰûٶٳԼ
Щ˶ڸмأһܸ˵ӡ
ȷʵȻüһۡ
ֶԻӢƳ磬ùֵֹġ
ֵûֵιȥЩ˵̫࣬ЩҲȾˣǾ֣ٿ˸߼۲˵ҪǱ뵱ע䡭
֪ΪʲôôˣϢҲͦˡ
ұ֤Щ϶˹ȾҪȥоģôһǵ 
Ӣǲزס̫õģҵ˳ܰо
ϾùزǶĶ˵ǵĹҡйճʱǹһòùأû꣬Լˡ
ЩӢϵĶһ϶û취ùء
ʷϣ1928꣬пѧҷùأһֱᴿһֱ1942꣬˾Դ
˵˲ߣһߣ̰ͿҵĲѾˣ㲻ˡ
һֱҽԺ²㣬ԼʲôҲ㡣
֪̰壬һȥϰɡ
֮ǰʲôҪ󣬸̰ǴӦġ
ʵ̫֪Ҫôάһθ飬ɴ˳
ΡûһڴӦ
Ҳϲϰ䡣̰ڹʱѧǹҲȻͷԼʵڲϲЩҲû⹦
æҪϰ䣬϶ҪʱһעҪ˯ʱ䣬̫֮ƣӰ¡ʱ巴ˡ
ȻˣÿһϰСʱʲôģǲųġ
һ֮ÿ춼Ữһֵʱദ
̫ˡͬؿŸ̰
¡Ժ˵ɡ̰
̰ԶԶų⡭Ҳǿ룬վԺҪŸ̰ߡ
ߵ飬ϺǲһЩӰģȻˣӰҪǶʿ
Щϧģڵ֪֮󣬾ʹһСˣһֱ߱סܻͬʱкܶҪùƵĲ˻ӢҽƶӣùظԼβ
ʮԪһ룬ۣǮע䡭Ӣҽƶڶ̶̵ļ׬˲ǮǰεģҪ÷
ÿ죬ŹʵŮŮſñӣȥﻧǱߣȻŴӢ˸עùء
Щ˸ʲôĶУЩŮˣʮ󳡵ŮˣȻҲвСıɷȾ˵Ĵҷˡ
Щ飬ֻ˵ˣûȥܡ
Ҫٰģǹ͹յ顣
һգֽۣʮ²˵ˡ
գũʮʮš
ʱʹ˽٣ȴǲôյģȥգԼˣ񣬾æƽѧ飬Ҳǵһ볤棬֮⣬ˡ
գȴǴúùġ
Ϻߵϲ˵ִ꣬ɵϰߣϲ꣬գʮˡ
Ǹˡ
ڸľ¥ϯЩ׽˹Է
һףԼգһ棬Ҳף̰
죬뵱̰ȾѾȥ죬̰ȬҲˡ
һ磬͸̰һȥҽԺҽԺ֮ø̰ȥԼȥϰ䡣
һСʱ֮ȥ̰Ǳϴ˸裬Ȼûһؽ¿༭ȥ˽
ý´æԸѧ첩Դ֮󣬸´˽Ӵ
ڲǰһ֧ǹ
պͻϰʱһǹˡʱԼ׼һǺбҪġ
ʱһֱûҵʵġ
ʱϣʮԪһǹ˵ĶʮԪ͹Щǹ඼ǺܼªĹǹʵƲۡ
ҪģСȴСǹǹҪڣû·򲻵ġ
߻Ӣ·ȥ򣬵һֱ׻ӢΪʲôڲ֪ҵ¶ûôȥһӢӢǷ˻Ӣˡ
ʶ˽´ͽͲһˡڼǰȥ˽Ҫһǹ׵ӵ


175 뷨
μ, վǽ˴·ģֻ˸εĵط
һȥ, Ϳһǹ, ƼǹӵУֽס¬, ӵ¹ŪģⶫټȫϺҲҲѡҸŪһѣٿ顣
ٿ͹Щȣս˵, ǹٿһǹ, ĺܱˡ
, ǹǲӵ󰡣ЦǹӵڣһٷʮԪ
ǹСɣ̫, ӵҡЩɶĶǲҪġ
ӵܱҪʣƽҪ˶ӵǹֶǴ׼, ǰû
ڡôҲҪһٷӵɣ
ܡӵɲŪҪǹ, ñ
ʣûгغǹ
ȻУ
רŸǹĵطģʲôǹУиָİӣȻˣǹҪǮġ
컹£ûչȥ͸Ҫ˵ַȥ
ǹһٷӵպãҪ뿪ֵһ¸˵ȥǸ㸸ҪծˣҪˡ
ͻȻѧ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ뵽˰Ҫծȥˡ
֮࣬ǰ´ָ˵ˡ
һ㣬йɵɵƦЦʱͦϲģҵһҪ󣬵ǻˣҾͰǮ͹ȥ
ֵµڱǿǺúһܻѧѧϺݺݵظһ
ֱӰǮ˰ɡ
ԭүүѧһСܳȥö겻һˣĸ˵һȢ֮Ϊǿߣ˵ҪѼǮԭ
ԭİõذǮ¡
ǡ
ԭ²Ҳˡһһ㶼ѧϹϵˣҲûҪȥ¼ҵǮ
ǿҪˡԾǼǮģסլӣµĵأ⽨ϣͻ˼ʮ򣬶ƽҲȫõûǮ
ŶǲôǮģҪʲô˼˾С
˵ҲǲСĿˣʱΪ˼ʮ󣬾Ը
˵˽ĵϸ֪ûʲôǮġ
˰ɡԼǮ졣
㻹ǺˬҪ裬ԼɣǮʱһ͵ϡ
ûзԣֻһ£٣ЩŰµֵܣҲˡ˸ѧȥػصģǲ١
ģֵµˣԲˡǵֵĿɲֹʣµȻԼ˷ˡ
˵µʱ򣬽£Ѿڻ·ˡ
ڱõǮ֮󣬾ʹһڱϺӵǮׯ֮УǮׯѾ籨֪ͨϺߣһǵϺ֮󣬱ֱˡ
ڻϿп㡣
⿾֮ǰ𳵿վͣʱǸվ̨϶۳ʳģһͬģ׾֮Ķһ߳ԣһ߾
Щˣ벻ͨ׷ƽȾˣжӶҪġ
Ҳˡ
ҪôõĶӡ
Ҳ̫ˣôõĶӣĳ𣿡
ҲһԺ׬ǮһȫӶ飡
ӻûأ

Щѧ۵ѧʱԼλڱסɫࡣ
ڼǰĶͷһЩʿһƳ˱㡣
㱻Щһֱִͳ˵ƣˣϲģߵı̣ѾʼƸӡűǦ֣׼ڽʹˡ
ѧǸ֣룬ְλ϶˶
ѧȴ෴˱Ц
ѧ̿ûˣҲҪ򡭡ͮѧߣ
ѧͮ㻹ҪǮ
ѧҪˣ
ȺĵƦåһʼҪһ󣬺ּӣȻҪ
Ҳˣǻ¥ӵ鵽ǣ档
ѧһʼǲǮģ벻ǣЩ˾ȻߵĴϵû취
Ҳʱȷһ¡Щ˿²ǸСģЩˡͮ˵˵Ӧġ
޼ԼӣϺԶû취
ЩתƣסǼȥˡ޿κ֮£վƲ֡
ôҲУôȥҪǮ
ѧЩȻ£ԼҵǮ˽ģ֪ԼҴԼʮʲ
ȥȻʹҲԺȥӡ
Ͼһнˮǧ
ѧӦ˸ЩǮ
ͮõµŲ֮Ǯð˷ģҪճٲþҪͼһЩҵ
ƫƫķ
ֻܴ̣ںܶ˶ˣǰޱȷıǷ١
͸ϼǮˣ
ѧŰЩˣֵķֻࡣ
Ǯȥ֮Щ㲻ˣʧˡ
鲢ûн
ѧЩŪ֮ͻȻһЩʲ˺ܶ࣡
Ĺв٣ӦĻ´࣬ϼҴǮ˷֮ʲôģҲǮģңӦùʮ򣬿ʵϡ
ڸȥ֮󣬾ȻûʣʲôǮ
ǮȫͮŪˣ
ѧһǲǮģĸȫͮⲢͻȻ˼飬ܸġ
ѧͮһܣͮǮóͮóһҧǮѾˡ
ѧڣͮѾ񵽲С
ˣͮȻҪǮ
ѧͮ
ЩǮǲȥֵˣѧʡ
ͮһֱޣϡ
ѧû취ֻһ˦뿪
ͮԭ޵ˣȴһ۾ˡ
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ͲСˣѧ޲ò˵Ҳ᲻ö£ֻܸѧһ
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ѧãҲдƭСʫˣټͲСֻҪûǮû취ʲô
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ͮ꣬ҲϲѧģȴֻǮˡ
ؿѧıӰһۣȥԼĶŮȥˡѧĶŮҲͬҪȥοǡ
ͮοŮʱѧȴǵ档
Ķ䣬ԴһܲˣԱߵһꡣ
Ｗ˲ˣһЩѧģˣڷ鼮
⡶˼ǡһ飬࿴֪ϰնʲô
Ҿÿ飬ѧܶණô⣬Ŭѧϰи
¥˼룬һֱͬģⱾ˼ǡд˺ܶ۵㣬綹һֱֵƽȡ

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ЩŮӶǴ˼ҵС㣬ǾͲᶢںˣֻºòÿ
¥ġѧ͡ҽܺÿⱾ˼ǡҲܺÿһҪ
Ķ̫ɰˣ
ȥĺҲǼõģֶһֱʳԴӿ飬Ͳʳˡ
ҵǾãЩˣÿģ¥飬ǼŮǿ
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ѧȥˣƫƫʱЩŮӾȻ˵¥Ҳйءĸ׵Ϳ
ǰб¡
ĸҲֵþ塣
˵¥ûס
ˣǲϲ
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溮̹ǣҲȴĺá
˼˸£Ҫһһ
ţ˵˵¥𣿡
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ͷβˣ鵱̸ʣЩͬźѣҲ֪ô˵
ѧһǰӵģ⼸ϰ࣬Ըˡ
˵ڽʶйͬԵŮ֮󣬸֮ǰΪȢ飬ټ
ЩȡЦȡЦôһɫĶӸˡ
Цǣ֮ǰһֱʶ˵Ӵ
һУͮĴͮɱ
ѧôţգͮҲˡ
Ըؼңǽһ
շнˮǮġ
飬֪ӽ뿪ֱȥƽҽԺ
̰һǹЦŸ̰Լǹ컹ҪȥǹҪҪһȥ
кüˡ̰ίؾܾˡ
ûǹģǹһϲͨǹʵܺá
ⱻϡǹ缸ˣװ˳úܡ
ƭװǹȥ
̰㡭ͬؿŸ̰
ҪԱֶεģ̰ӣʵ˲ġ
ֻԼӰѾˡ
ҪȥߵĵطҪҪȥ̰תƻ⡣
գԷϵ飬ڲ硣
áӦ
Щ˵Ĳ״Ǽ˵ģȻ֪ӢЩȫúˣȥ
һưȥߵȴ֮ǰﻧ·ưһȦȻһǳֵĿյϡ
Զﻧٿ⴦յأһʱе¡
طţĸﻧ롣
رƽˣһЩ׵ķӣⷿһŹʵˡ
ҲˣһЩС̯Сڴ˶۸ֳʳΪ֡
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ЩкܶЩȾߵˣǾﲻߣؾˣ˻ԽԽࡣǻư죬ġ
ưô˵֮ͷ֣ﾹȻ˳㡢֮ѾһСг
һСеϡ
ҽߣʱ˽˸̰һ
͸̰һ𿴹ȥͿƽ
ƽڲԶһǰһһӣһ裬ź⡣
ȸ̰ȥƽҽˣ
Ѿˡ̰
ҽû¾ͺãҲ֪˭ĳȻôƽ
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ƽɫЩҽʲôģ
Ӧ²⡣̰
ƽ˸̰˵֮󣬻²⡣
֮ǰõһЩ˿Ӣֵ֪ĴˣһЩձٸձг𣬿϶ûаָձ˵ģձ˷Ϣ
ȻЩձ˾ڳһ̽
Щձˣ
ƽڼ䣬ʶ˲˵ģЩкܶ඼գԼԭձҲкøеġ
ڡȥ󣬾͸Щɱε˺ú˵˵
ƽ͸̰˵ 
˽˲裬˼ڵ
ĳʳֻиֱЯĵģú¯Ҳͦˡ
ģһڵĺܣǳԵʱ򣬻ʱʱܿβӢҽƶӣҲʹԱǸ
ҪβͻȥǱߡ
˻ʵʵģ˼۾ͲˣǸ̰ƽţȥĦֵ÷ˡ
עҪƤԣһߵҽֵģϾǰûйҩǰҪԵ顣
ԭʷϣùضʹ˺ܾˣ˷˻Ϊùع±֮ǰҶΪЩģΪԭĲŻ
̰ƽһоֵʱȥЩˡ
εòˣǺӡ
ﻧĺӣӹñЩ·˵ĺҪãòȥһССηηġ
ϱӣһЩƶͯƬǰЩӣʵģܶ˶һƤŹͷ
ǵͷʭӣָںģź๸
Щӣе㲻ζ
Щ˻᳤󣬶ûлܽģԺֻܸһѡԺսңǲսб
Ĳ˵˵ձϺ
κͤʱ֮ҪɢҲư˾ȵ磬Ϊ棬ֱһƬ
ʱ˵ܶһ㣬ܶһ㡭
ͻȻ뵽˼ֵģǴѧŪǮ
κͤһֱãӦҪѧ߶˲ţΪǵĹرȱⷽ˲ţʵһֱôá
һֱãҪġ
ܻԽ࣬˲ŵĻԽ࣬и
¶ԺʵѾȱǮˣҲܻǮСѧ
Ȼˣͦ鷳һʱ첻ˡ


176 Ϯ
ʱ, ѧǺѵģΪҪҵʵĴѧʦ̫ˡ
ͬʱ, ѧڵнˮ, Ҳǳߡ
ͨһֻ׬Ǯ£ѧÿµнˮԪ
ȻʱĴѧڵĴãʱСѧʦĴ, ȴǳЩȽϲСѧʦ
ܶСѧʦһµнˮֻ߰˿ˣǷҶѡ
һΪúӶ, ˽Сѧѧѽغܵͣ, ΪҪСѧʦ, ĺܼ򵥡Щ˲ϵü֣ܵʦˡ
Ǳˮƽǳһ㣬ѧУȻܸǺܸߵнˮ
һסҦҵʱ򣬺סһһҾͿɷư׬Ǯ, Ȼöȥ飬Ϊѧѱˡ
ϧΪʦֻ֣ܽʱ򶼲˼Եʣܶຢѧ˼, Ҳûѧʲô
ȻˣСҲСѧһ꼶ѧѺܱ, СҪˣѧѧѸ󡪡ϾѧʦѾ˭ܵˡ
ֻǰСѧĻѧǮܰüãһЩ𴦲Сѧûʲôá
£о
Щӣ۷ȥͿҽƶǱߣˣƾʲôҩ
˶ΣΪʲôҲΣ
Ǯ

ôˣ߹ȥѯվΧĸ̰
ƤԵʱֲӦעùء̰
⻰֪̾ΪʲôҪˡ
÷ʱǻҪģһЩҪùƵĲ֢Ҳһעùأܾͻȥˡ
ʱʲõˣ󣬹ûִô࣬Ҳеġ˵ΪˣҲûá
˵ˣҩǵҪûиŰ״ӵ˶ǳֵ˵˵꣬мʿվֱӽµ˴ˡ
Ѹ
ǸŰ״ӵ˼״˵һ
̾бȥβˡ
ǸߵˣȴǺ
̰߰ɡ
̰˵ͷ
֮вٻưڴͣȻͺ͸̰һȥԼþϯķꡣ
һҴ¥ĲͣÿĸԪһи̰κͤʢԣгϰ˽Ĵڱࡢҵӡ࣬Լ¿ı༭ƽҽԺļҽ
͸̰ʱ磬ǵһ˲½½ˡ
ҵʱǲʹһԵģΣǴ󷽷ˡ
ǣκԲԲ͸һʣûҪæĵط
µųԾͺˡЦǽǡ
ԣգôǣ
ġģ
ЩЦ㰡
ˣȴյߣʦҵС˵дˣ
һһֱڷ롶ͽͯѾ˺ܶ£ͬʱԼдһС˵
ǰûдģȫдٸԼΪҪҪ¶ԺĺϿܶ࣬һֱڲдꡣ
ѸӴ¿༭Ҹ㿴һ¿չرãѾȫΧܻӭ־֮һˡ
־ֶһڳĶˣͿܳûʲôõǵξ档
˵ڽ¿û⣬ѾڼƻҪһˣдС˵ǲͽȥ
ãϲ⣬Ȼֿ̰磬һɣ
̰ûػ͵һ
أһ㶡
ЦеسСүһɣ
ֻܴӦ
ִŸϣ ͵֣ûоҸʦ˹ֵֹģ
𣿡־ҾúȻǻҵүӢ͸̰Ϻ飬ǲ֪ģֵҲûӡ
е㵣ģ¸ʲô֮ȥ˧˵
ˣҸʦرҪãǲˣˣǲǿԽʦ磿
˷ܣָոǵӷ̾ʧˡ
˵ţκͤʢˡ
κͤĴѧѾãʦҲˣͻῪʼҵгɣ緢ģκԲԲǰϵĵ֮̾ʧˣ鶼ˡ
Цһ仨κԲԲԲԲÿ𣿡
κԲԲͷ
κԲԲκͤǸŮȻһʼ˺裬Ϥ֮󣬸ȴԽԽá
κͤԼĴԱ߷һСκԲԲ˯֮
ԭκͤȻŮϺŮĽʵ࣬һ˯˯ǰκԲԲ顢¡˵κԲԲĸסŮĸȻԽԽá
κԲԲ˯ǰҪүүˣֻκͤκͤ¡
Լүү̣ʵҲرүүǷ⽨ҳһǲģ̵ǹҲÿ춺ʵ󲿷ʱڴ
κԲԲܵκͤȥκͤȻʼκͤ˵춼ʲô
κԲԲڹ¶ԺǸЩͬĹ¶һģɹܶӰ˵飬Ѿѧ˺ŷ⡢ֽ󽬺
ˣһòŮЩκͤȴܸɡ
κͤǶŮһٿ䡣
鶼ǴģԽԽϲŮˡ
ͬʱҲܸм
κԲԲٶ
κͤκԲԲлϰ꣬Ҫ鷳ŮʿչԲԲ°꣬һԲԲȥ顣
鷳κǸѵġκͤκԲԲǸѵģһʼκͤҪʮԪֲգͶΪÿԪ
ǲŶǮκͤЦŮڶԹźų⣬ǵʦĿĵزС
˵ţˡ
ֳϣٲҪȾơ
֪Լһ㣬ּΪأûôȡ
Ϻߵ˴ãձǳڣҲûȰơ
ԹȰѿߣȻָ˻ưøǻȥ
̰طСһֱסġ
͸̰͸̰һ߻ȥ
̰Ը壬ʹŸ̰ߡ
˶֮ȥˣȻͺ͸̰һš
ĺܣʵ·ưĺöˡ
̰ЦӦˡ
ģ·˺٣͸̰һһ˵չһʱԱͣŵһĳͻȻ򿪣Ȼˣǹͬʱָ͸̰ͷϣϳ
ʵǹܵϣ쬵ġ
ԺһƬհ׵ġ
Խ֮ԹһЩͷδΣ
Ӵٽ´ˣʶˣֱǹָԴ飬ͷһ
磬ǵһǹ
һǹ֪ҪôãȻͱǹָסԴ
һʱʲô벻ܿ侲
˼ûֱӳǹ˵ʱɱܲɱһ
̰ǸҽҲãʱһҪ侲Լ͸̰ڳ¡
һʼеܲģ̰ȴȻͬ
ǹԴʱûжྪš
һ㶼Լ飬ʵϱǹָԴ飬Ѿǵһˡ
ڹ⣬ȥɣҪ˴ʱ򣬾ͱǹָԴ
˲ǵˣҲǹָԴ
һ̸û̸£ҲǹָԴ

һ飬ûж຦¡
ЩԲҪɱǾתء
Ȼˣ취
̰˲뵽˺ܶ࣬Ȼ͵
ǲµģʮ꣬ǰûʲô飬Ҳ֪᲻ᱻŵ
СЩӦǳģ˵޹ۣҲ֪᲻˶
̰ͷԹ˳
Ҳ˳
ǱϳǹһһϸʻλãȻ˾̾ͷ˳ӡ
ɫҹɫﶯ
飡ǹ죬ոշͻȻһ򻬣Щײ·ߵķӡ
̥ˣ˾
ģİ˴򿪳Ϳ˼ǹ
ϳ֮󣬾Ϳʼİ취û뵽취û뵽Ȼˡǹս
ЩΪʲôҪץǣ濪ǹʲôˣ
ʲôˣʡ
û˻شĻ
̥Ȼˣǰ
һںſڴڳź濪ǹڼʻϵתɭĿ⿴ǣžһߡ
ΪʲôҪץǣʣͬʱĥǰЩ˵
̰Ǹҽһֱβˣ˭ҲģЩ˲ץ̰ģǳԼġ
ץԼĪΪ´飿
ѹ´֮󣬾ûٹܽ´飬´˲µģɱ˲ˣڡûпǽ´˶ˣЩ˵֪Ĵڣˣ
һʱЩڣͬʱĿضԼǰˡ
˲мؿһۣǿһֱû˵ĸ̰侲
͸̰ͬʱһ
̰µЩ˶ǳԼģû뵽Щ˾ȻԼҡ
ͻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰȾɺȵ顣
ʱ;Ļ˶ǵĿֶֽŵֵֹģΪû뵽ԭ򣬺û롭ڿʱĻôӦҪ̽ǲң
ҲǡӢЩңҺƳ磬ձǺˡ
ǻỳҲ֡
ܶ˶ΪоģΪоָ˹ʵģҲܶʱʵϻ֮
ױ˻ɳҵˡ
Ȼˣڲϣʲôңֻһҽ̰¶ŵı
̰۵òС
ͬʱ𡪡Ȼ˸̰
ΪЩΪ´鷳ǾץҵģЦǣǻѸ̰ң
̰Ͳʲôң
͸̰ͬʱ˵ģֻڸʻλϵ˲ţᡰǡһ̵ؿ͸̰
̰ƺŵˣϿ˿
ֻ˵ĺˣӵغܣ̰һˡ
ں£§ס
Ȼ󡭡͸о̰Ŀ
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Ϊ˰ȫûӵװǹǹǿǹǹô
̰Ҫǹ϶Ҫϵģһѱס˸̰̰¡
ôţͦġ
ǵ¶
Ѿ˸̰ˣ֮ǰ층̰һֱû֣ȴҲ֪̰ϵõ顭ԭǾȻֹϵ
ǹ𣬳׹ŵģѲˡ
һȺ߹͸̰һֶ˾㿪Ҫ뿪磡
ΪӢĵ̣һܰȫӢǵĵ¡
ؾˣָҪ¡
ˣҲκ£е˷ܡ
Ǹץˣ˵ץˣһܵһǮ
˾ȴҿ̫죬ֻΰŷ̡
̥ĳӣɲÿ
飡һǹ졣
Ǹ͸̰˲񣬹עʱ̰ץסֻǹһơ
ԭָŸ̰ǹʱָԼˣһʱ̫Ѩһȭͷ
Ѿü£һȭþȫһȭȥƺһ͵ˣʱ򣬸̰ǹָ˾ͣ
ſڴϳź濪ǹİҪʰ͸̰˵ϣҲ̫Ѩһȭͷ
֮һȭͷãֶȭ
ͬˡľ룬ȭͷͦõġ
̰ЩԾ
ֵʱ򣬸ûڣǴԼһġ
ʮ꣬ѾŻˣָʲô
Ȼæ
ǹ̰
̽˵ǹѾˣ֮ǰǵ˵ǹϣʼĳš
ʱĳûԶ֮࣬ӳźף˾ʱҲͣ˳ 
ȳͣ£ǹ˾ĺϽΣ򿪳ž˳̰
ˣһɣͻȻ·վ߰˸ĸߴˡ
Щںڰ֮ǰһ߳ڰǲע⵽
ץˣЩͷģ˵Ȼ̾ʶˣץˣ
Ҳʶˡ
˾ȻͣˣͣǸԼõĵطЩ˿¶ǰǵ˵ͬ
Ÿ̰ܣˣ
׷
Ϊ壬˵Ļ֮󣬻͸̰һǹ
ǹû͸̰Ҳֲˡ
̲סһ䣬ôû뵽ԼһʸӵģȻһȺǹġ
ǹҡ̰֣ܡ
һܡһ˵һ߰ǹ˸̰Ȼ𾪵ؿ̰˺üǹ
̰⶯ƣʵĺܡ


177 
ӡ, ̰һֱľģĬĬذ˵, ЩҲر, һڶܺߡ
ڵĸ̰ȴ֪еĽȻͬ
ӵĸ̰̫˧ˣ
֮ǰͺϲ̰, ʱһĸǡ顱ͣ
׷ˣǿ˺üǹǲɱǵԵʣǵȲġǹ֣ҹҪܶĿ, ķǳѣ͸̰ûе
ɸ̰˼ǹ, Ȼʹʹ
ǹˣ
̰ǹ治, Ҳ֪ʲôʱģ
Щ棬ûǿߣ
š̰Ӧһ
ˣǽ׷, ʱʱػῪǹ
飡飡Ǽǹ
ǰܣ˼ȴĸ̰ͣˣתȥͿ̰˼ǹ
̰ϵǹ֮ǰӰ, ӵӵ, ⼸ǹ꣬ӵûˡ
ֱ̰ӰǹˣȻְ֮ǰǹӵ˳ûôŪģѾɿؼӺӵ
̰һ߼ӻһߵߡ
һ𡣡Ȼ̰ǳǳףҲŸ̰һΣա
ϱ
̰ҪܲҪǹȷʵΪˡ
̰ܵߣһѱ˸̰ұܣ㿪ǹ
ûѧǹ⼸ֶõúܣܻûġ
̰һ㶣Ȼתȥֳǹ
ЩҪץģǹǵȿ̰ȴͬ
˵ĿģԥЩ˵
ڴӵֻʮš
̰ǳײǹ
ǹһˣ׷ǵ˵ٶҲزصġ
ʱȴǱŸ̰ܵ÷ɿ졣
̰Էģܿ죬˵׷ûӵˣ
ĽŲ
̰üͷܵøˡ
ڽֵϱܣ·ǰյס
ĶЩϰӦ˵ģһŴȥᣬҲȥǡ
ֻܣһЩӻŪáСǲģĵطкֲܶͬϤĻҪǲСĽ·͸̰Ҫץˣ
ȻЩûɱǵĴ㣬Ժ˵
ǺǿģȻѾˣû
ϵĸ̰׷ʱ򣬾ͻῪǹ
ͨɿǰܣţͻȻԶкĹŻǵơ
ҲǱȥ
ĵطûѲˣӦҲбɶģʱˣ
ܵúܿ죬ֻ̰ӵˡ
Ÿ̰֮󣬸̰һοڣе㷢
̰Ǳŵˡ
һۣҸط
ô˵ţͿǰľ
һ·ܣǾȻĪءܵ˸Ѱֵĵط
ֲô
ԺһҽһңҼſڶźЩװ˵ƣܲ
ﻹвǺ䣬ҲĻȵģ
׷ǵģֻʣˣûеԶֱӽԱߵһСע⵽Ⱥſš
һȥͿһŮھϴ·
ôŮ̧ͷüͷߴˣǺţ
ܵͷ󺹣ɫ죬ֱ̰ţ˰ǵѰֵǺƵˡ
ҵġһתͷȥͿһһͷźŮˡ
һ˼ǰˣǸʢ˻һʱĻѦء
¿༭ʶġ
ҴˣѺŹϣ˽ˡѦضǸŮ˵
ŮӦһѦؿЦ߰ɡ
Щɡ
Ѧؽž͵ˣûǿһ¡
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˵ѦЦ߰ɡ
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ԼǱϷˣЩΣѦС㣬ллİæ
˵ֱ꣬˽ȥ
֪׷ǵʲôˣãʵЩˣ̰ˣֻͣ
Щ˶ץҡģôֵĵطӦòʲô
ѦС㣬пͷ𣿡ܵʱûоͣˣ͸оԼϵĸ̰ɪɪҲ֪۵Ļµġ
̰ǹˣҲ֪Ȼ᲻ʲô֢ļˡ
ɫ̫ÿѦҲûٳԵϷܿͰǴһշһ£Ϣһ°ɡ
˵꣬ȥߵſڣͷһۡ
ûʲôӦûע⣬̰ȴǴĿ⣬ɫ
Ѧس֮̾ͰѸ̰ڴϣȥ̰ȡ
Ȱϣٿûˡ̰˳۲һ䡣ڵ¥ȴǿԴӴߵġ
Ѧߵʱǹŵģź˨˨ϣȥ˨ϣּһȷûˣȻͿ̰̰ȡȥҽԺ
û£ȥҽԺ̰ͦãǿӵû˵ͷ
˵ţҪԼĿӡĿ̫Ҫܿ˿ںѡ
ǰһͰŸ̰˿ӡ
̰ݣȺϸǳףи˿ڣóѾ˲Ѫˡ
ǰδܹôصˣֻԼȶеۡ
ʶȥ̰ȴָ̰Ȼüͷ壬Ųۡ
İˣĺȻˣҲе̰֡ǹΪʲôôã
䲻⣬ûʱʡ
̰Ҳ⣬϶ǻˣ˵ձļЩ˶ɸ̰ձˣ
ô˵̰ϲˡ
Ŀַŵ˸̰ϣȻͷָ̰ͦõģһǹȷʵû˵Ĺͷ
̰岢ãոֲһټϽǻҪšϵʱ򣬾ø̰˺޿㡣
ʱǹûôӵ޿֮󣬴ڸ̰Сȼϣһ˿ڣ˲Ѫȷʵû˵ͷ
ھѪôˡ
ͬʱΪ˺޿Եʣһ·Ѫ޿ˣû·ʲôۼ
Ȼˣ˿ڿ϶Ҳۡ
ʲôʱ˵ģҶû֮֡ǰŸ̰ûٰ˰ʲôģʱ򣬾Ȼе㲻˿ڡ
̰һۣ㱳ҵʱ򣬸ոˡ
̰ôһ˵뵽ʱƺһǹ죬Ȼ̰ͣ˽Ųԣ̰ʱʵеˣ
еˣʱȻߣŭʱ̰һ侲ӣŷǳߡҪΪ̰ˣ̰ô죿
ǹܲİɣ
飬㡣̰εؿͬʱҪ
ǹˣȷʵǵʱܵģߣҲȷʵǲΣ¡
ϲˡ
ʲôʱǹġʵ˵Ǻ˵ģθУѡ˵ʵθС
Ҫ󻯡
ôţ̰ϵ֮ɫŨԲΪҡ
ûϵȷʵΣⲻΪ̰ʱƴ
Щˣǳģң̰ʵǱˣ
ҪԼ˵ͻȻˣͬʱѦص𣺡һˡ
Ҳ룬ԱߵıӸס̰ûӵȣȻվȥš
̰ûѦصȣʲô飬ĽŲҲңӦֻһˡҪǣץǵ˸ˣʱȷӦŴţϸŮź塣
̰ˣſڴ
ţѦؾʹһƿҩһɴˡ
ҸŪ˵ҩӦõϡѦص
̰ȷʵҪҩ
лû뵽ﻹҩ
ȻˣЩȺĿˣϲŪˡѦص
ô˵ǸǸ
ø˵ǸݣĵĿˡѦֳ˸ۣԼߵķ˿ǿ԰Լϲýӿ͵ģϲģǮ
ҪлѦС㣬ȻȥһѦС㱸һݺ񡣡
㻹ǲ顣ѦһЦͲˣǻٵˣ㣬һҪúд
ѦǸŮζģһһЦǷ飬ϧģϲŮ˵ġ
ʲôģһ㷴ӦûУʱֻеԾǻٵˣ
ǰѦЦʢԷ֮ȻʢԵĸ˵˲鷳׻ǶҲˡ
һжλõŮˣǺҪģҲҪʱ˲˵û˽ٲþ¥۸
ͻȻһЩ顣
ǸģϣʾҪͶ٣˵ԼṩһЩϢ
پȻͬˣһѣ
˭֪к̨ˣ
֮󣬾ûˣǻߵ˰˸¥ӣʽ˻ҵ鱨磬ŵֻҪúãЩӾ͸ɣһȫµģɾݡ
ûҪ
Ҫȥˣ÷绪ï⼸꣬Ժ󡭡ôʲô˼ˡ
£һǴ̼ΪԼ켸꣬һЩҪ鷳
л̨˶ģ
ڻҵ鱨ΧģӴʲô飬˸һյлϵĸ£ҽõһЩˣ
ΪϲС˵ּǵΣͰæˡ
һʼţΪԼĻ֮û뵽һٰʾͷʲôˣȻһ㷴ӦûС
Ǹһ񻹺ܲԾź
һЩŮ˵ġ˾ӡҪ¥ڣȥһ£ܲܵ»ˡ
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ôţѦصĿ䵽ϡ
ʢ˲϶ǱȲǰ˵ģǰдþˣĿҲĺܣû˿а֮ɫ
Ѧе
Ѧ˺ֻ֪ܶ࣬˵ѦǻӢ֮һ
û뵽ѦС㾹ȻǻٵˡѦС㣬ܸһˮ𣿡̰ͻȻ
ԡѦؿ˸̰һۣתȥ
תʱȹڷϲ˵һ硣
ؿ̰̰Ҫϴ˿ڣҪҪģ
ȵˮ̰ѦˣùǾɴһͷ򵥲ϴһ˿ڣȻͿʼҩûв˿ڵͷ
̰ҩû⣿
û⡣̰Ѧ˵Լ֮ˡ
Ѧز֪ȴ֪ѦصģѦǻ
ȷѦز˺ҩȻҲû⡪طʵǻҵĵ̡
˿ڣǲҪõ֣ʣͬʱԼŵЩ֡
ǻȥ˵ɡ̰ܿͰ˿ڣֶȥǲ˱ˡ
á˵ͷȥ
ߣѦһˮƿˡ
ڣѦеԾأ
ȥˡ̰
Ѧزḵ̰תҪߣ̰ס㣬Ӣ¼
Ѧһ˭
ڻ鱨Ĵţ¼
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Ѧǰ·ҵģָ̰жȫĲרҵҽи̰ϵһˣ˵ҺǲҹŪ˴ҩĳʳ;͹
ѦˣҪʲô
Ӧò̰ѦأЦЦ
Ѧһɿȥ
֪̰ΪʲôҪĶʹȥ֪ͨˣôԸġ
Ѧˣ̰ȴǴ
ǰ׺һֱϷ
Ǹһ֮ǰԼ趨衣
º͡ˡܹϲ֡
һ𣬶ʲôΪȡ
ʵˡ
ǱȽģҪʲôҲŬϣ˶ȥ
ͷһϲˣȻ׷֡ڡ
Ⱦɺȵʱһֱα׷ɱ飬Ҳ벻
ƵأҲԽԽϲˣΣҪġ
֮ǰԼʵݣ㲻ʲô£˵֮϶ԭԸ֮࡭ܶǼٵġ
ܽһɱ˵ģѪһ
ҸһпָܻΣա
һʼҲ⣬ʱ䳤أ
˵ϣϲкܶˡĲ˵ѦأͳƵ˾֮·˽֪ˡ
ȻӦ׷󣬵СϲʲôģҲֻ˵ĳ嶯ͻȻˣˣҪ֡
ܲͬ˵ʲô
ڣˣΣʱʲôֻΡ
Ǹܺõˣθкǿʲô½֪ݣԸ񲻺ã϶Ҳ뿪
̰һʱˣ̰û׷
š̰¶һº͵Цݡ


178 
ղųȥ, ԺһȦ
Ѿϣ֮ǰŮһЩϴõ·ȥ, ǰ¥, ˺Ů˵ĵЦڶ
Χû˿״Щ׷ǵˣѾȥˡ
ȷһ֮, ͻ˸̰ʵڲĸ̰һ˴š
̰ԼЦ˱ֵ̰ȥӣȥҽԺɣ
̰˿ȻѪ, ӦҪһ°
ҽ̰˿ڣȥҽԺ
˿˲Ѫ, ʵûд󰭡ֵ̰ЩҲҶǹ, ŵغܣȥҽԺױϣ˵
Ҳ֪ЩʲôˣҧأûȥҽԺ顣
Щ˸綯, ǲһ㣬пţø̰ȥðա
ȥҩ
ĥ, ̰ЩˡӦձ˵߹
Ϊʲôô˵ȵؿŸ̰Ҳ²⶯ֵĿձ, ̰˵ôնġ֪ʲô
ҲμӹֵоΪǲŻҵңҶ̰֡ЦݳҪھһ͸¶ˡ
μӹֵоˡ
ùص߻֮󣬻پͿʼоùˣ˵һЩԿɿоԱû뵽澹Ȼи̰
ЩԾϸһ룬־úܺ
оùصǶʱ䣬̰ææӹҽԺְˡ
ʱΪæǽҽԺ飬ڿо֡
о֮ǰ̰ȾɺȣپȻԹˣ
ʱֵͦģŻ᲻ٶԸ̰뷨ڿٹ¸̰оֵĹйء
ǵġ̰˵ͷֵǸԲ㡣
˼룬ûϵ㻹ң˵Լңܿͱ͡
֮ǰѾҪԼ¸߸̰ˡ
Ȼҵݣ˻ٺܶ˲õģ֪ĶЩֻлٻ֪Ӧò˵
ͨ˵ҲǸдƪС˵С˵Ҷѡ
ָйأֻǲ˵Ĳ²⡭˸̰Ҳûʲô
ˣԼݸ߸̰֮󣬾͸̰ǸȻø̰Լܡ
Ҳϵ٣һݣͻʧʷˡ
ڡ̰Ȼμӹֵо
ܲȥڼ仹ܵõûб˿Ƹҹϵǳ֣ٿϼɽġһʼǻҲ˵
֪ġ
ԥʱ򣬸ֵ̰Բ𡣡
ع񣬾Ϳ̰ɫ԰׵ؿԼе
ЩۣҲеڸ̰һڣ̽û£ʵҵĴ̰ĸйأ
ǵġ̰˵ͷû˵
ҲѾһ亹ˡ
̰֪ùģʱҪǸԼҡҪôͣ
Ӧǲҽģдҽҽѧ֪ʶҪʸ̰
̰ãǹʱر˧ɿת˻⣬佱̰
ǰѧǹ̰ͷ
ѧúܺãԺ̽Ұɡڴ˵
á̰ЦŴӦˡ
ʱѦطµˮֵȥ㵹ˮ
ͷտеƣ֮Ҳ䱸ˣɸɾģǴϵı죬ɢζͦġ
ˮˮһ²豭Ȼֵˮʼɢȡ̰˲ѪǸúȵˮġ
ʱֱˡ
ţͿѦˣϻһܴ̣źܶӡ
Ҹ˵пˣʳǲԶģ͸ˡѦŵؽȻ̷ϣְĳʳһó
ԺĵطĳʳȻ˳ԱķʳȫǸСζʳ
Ѧģн۽ԲɣҲѼѼѼ󶹸ɻඹ֮࣬мģǿͦζġ
Ƽ۸Ҳ
գʱǳ˲ٵģһڳԶѾܿˣԣԺúãһеˣ⣬̰ڣҲóԵ㶫
лٴθѦصлͬʱĥŵȥһҪѦЩǮ
лѦسӲһЦ
֮ǰЦʱҪжĵģЦݿžеֵֹˡ
Ц֮һѾؿһڴϣŷǳĸ̰
Ѧ¶θӴѾ֪Լ뷨ˣʱ򶼲࿴һۣһҲûע⵽Ѧص
Ǹ̰ɨѦһۡ
Ѧر̰ĿһֻڰѶº󣬷ɿ˳ȥ
֮ǰ̰Ը֮̾ȥ绰ˣԼˣѸ̰˵Ļ˾
Ȼûʸ̰˭˾˵ܸ̰ҪʲôҪȫϣʾҪûãﲻһˡ
Ѧؼ뵽ҲЩʱˣ֮ǰЩ˴δ˵в̾ʶ̰򵥡
ֻѡӶԷĻǣŶԷҪ󣬽˴ҩĳʳ;˹
˲ˣûٷš
ųʳȥʱеķ֣ȻϾ¶ʲô
Һûע⵽ȻǸ̰Ҫ¶֣
Ѧſ̳ţվԺﱻһ˲ѹȻ̲ס
ղŸɵ¶ð亹ͷ͸ˡ
ͬʱΣԼܵù
ʢһʱʢ˵˺ܶ飬֪Զ¥ʵǸͲĵꡣ
ȥ¿֮󣬾͸ȷһˡ
ʮ߰кӣзۣ˼ֻûȥҹֻһֱ飬ڱ
֮ǰдġҵ꡷͡ҵĸס֮һЩͬһ˺ܾãͬ飬ۡ
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죬¥ˡ
ʱ˷ܣȥ˯һ˯¥Ǹ˾ӡ
ûʲô˯ʵͦ˵ģϲ¥¥һˣȻ飡
ǹˣҲܲԾЩͷ˴ҩĶȥӦǶ¥ͼ
ʮ߰꣬ȷʵϲǿˣҪĵֶεõɣ
ѦصȻεģھԼù ·֮Ǹոģҩߵϣ
Ҫ˱ڹ
Ѧһһ̾ʱһ紵̲ס˶
е뿪طȥַĲ
ѦС¥Χǻţת˺üȦͻȻԺˣأٴ绰˵Ҫ㣬
Ѧһ
ֻһΣԻӡ̣ǻٵģر}ˣʵͦµġ
ڻ뵽ٵѦͻȻðͷ١òҲȤɣ
ܵô£ˣѦǲҵģæǰȥ
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Ѧˣ͹Ų˨
طײԼңǺСĵġ
̰ˮѾˣȺȵ㡣ȰԼˮݸ̰
̰ӹˮˣҪôԶͿӰᵽ˴ߣ̰ҪҪԵ㶫
ϵÿʳСװţر¡й۽ԲǷ֣Щ±ƷԲη֣ø̰Ӧöһ㡣
ãһ԰ɡ̰
ҲӦˡ
̰ԼԺ˽ģϾطֵµĲҵڴҩ
ϣŮӰѳֲסҩǲڵģҲֻѻƬ֮Իõҩɶ¶ɵó
˷ܵҩȴǴڵģԺĵطʱһЩЩˡ
Щڼҵʱ巽ë˼ԺܺϺܶ࣬ЩҩҲйϵ
Ȼˣҩֻ˵ģʧ־ҩ˺Ҳ󡭡
̰ÿ˳ԼҲÿ˵㡣
͵ˣǺ˽ģǿƲסԼ
ҩ϶ܲסʱһԼ
Ĺϵʳ֪ζҲһ˵ܶࡣ
ڴ˵ĻţģͬʱڴϣҲ˵ýʱ
߷һֱô
̰ԵĲ֮࣬󣬻һһľơ
¹׾ƣŹĶΪҩŻеֵֹġ̰Գˣȫû֡
֮ǰҲûЩ±ζ⡣
һƾͲˣºȾ¡
Թ̰һ˯һ
˯ɣ㡣
̰ûǿһӦǲģʵҲе˸ͬ顣
̰һˣ۾ʼｨ衣
ڴߣŸ̰ȴԽԽϲ
ͬʱҲе㷢Ҫô
̰йϵùصо˻ɳңǲóģҲ˵̰ܻΣա
⣬ʵġ
֪ձ˲ǣ֪ʷϣй־ЩۣͱձŪƫҪдձ
ܲø̰Լ
оǣǹսҲʶ硣
֮ǰΣգһֱǲöܵķģ˵ףڿܲһá
ͷȻ󡭡е㼯в˾ˡ
ر𿺷ܣǰδеؿܡ
ϱΪһֱĹģⱲӡһʼ岻ãûɶ뷨ָ̰ȷϵ֮󣬻ʼ䣬ӻ˶ľ
˵ƽҲе뷨û
ĵһӦԼ˵ˡԵЩǱֽŵġ
Ҳ֪ѦģǼԺﱾġ
ǺѾ˵ˮӣȻͰ棬
ʱܶˣԼΪܣҲȷʵȱŮˣû뷨ҲԸʲôá
ֻǣն֣˸̰
̰ôˣæ·ִ̰
Һ˲óԵĶ̰üͷʱһץס֡
ֱסѱߵԱߣ¶Լܡ
̰Ȼ۾ʵһֱעȥ֮󡭡̾ʶʲôˡ
ûԼ
ĺܺáе㱰ɡ
ûͣ֡
ʱ׳־ֳã뷽跨Լعҵ˧ġ
׶飬ֱӢҫһʱ䣬֪ܶ飬Сľ졭ڻӹͻӢûججʱѾ롣
Ҫõҡ
ֻнеһŲΪˡ
ռƵģֳú壬ܵС࣬Ҳвʱǻڹ⣬ԺúõԼ
˲ٹѻӹͻӢҲǶĴмұۣȻ־ͻȻܵĴ
ϲˡ
ô벻ԼȻ֡Ͻ̼ܵģ˶ĵˡ
ʱԼǷǳģҲЩãȻ
Ů˶ϲעкҪȨʲôã
ңһֱҪԼļңʲôң
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Ƕʱʹ࣬ƫƫƵֳãСչ
Ъ˵˧˼ȥѧҽˡ
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ҲûŪ£һǿ϶ģǾĲˡ
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Ǹ̬ȴһߣΪһ˳޵ˡԼͦЦģάȥˡ
ʱ򶼲֪Լʲô
Ȼë֮ǰһֱûҰ£ֻżĳЩˣֱ֡
һʼͺϲ
ֱɾӢѧʶҲ˭ϲ
ںദУԽԽϲˡ
Ժ취ϲԼֺ˳˳ȥ
ļѾĴڣļˡӹͻӢᷴԣĸףҲлӢӦ
Ӣ飬һֱ֪ġ
ûӢæдţϲ˵ĸףûġ֪Ӣ
δܹ£ζſ
̰˱øˣϲ˲䡣
ֻϸˡ̰
̰ڸһҲ飺ǻ
˵ֱ꣬Ӿ˴ס˸̰
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뷨Ǻܺõġ
͸̰Եҩ˵ģʵҪ̵̣ס໥һ£ܿܽ
ǣ̡̣̰̰һֱ
üּˡ
̰۾ɫ԰ףϻˡһ㶼˵ֺ̰ܣһֱʵջ󡭡
Ҳ̲ˡ
Сģ֪ʶҲܷḻЩ顭ͷһܹá
˵ǻûʲô׼ˡ
ֻݲһΣȻͲḵ̰ľֻˡ
Ȼˣ̰ˣѪ
̰Сϵ˿ΪСĵԵʣúõûûѪƫƫɶˡ
÷
ڲ˷ˣ̰Ѿűӳ˯ȥ˯ﻹüͷеܵӡ
˱ЩڣԼûסĵطͰѵһνˡ
ԭúܺã׼˵·͸̰úóһ̽һİأʼʵҩˣڡ
رʣ̰ˣˡҲ֪û̴ࡣ
оǰδеغá
ʢԵΪʲôУԸѴѵǮѦˡ
ڸ̰˼ڡ
ʵҲе˯ĵط̰Ѿ˯ˣø˯һֱ۾ֱ̫


179 
һû˯, ͬһû˯ģѦء
챻֮, ѦؾǼԺİȴ, ˰Сʱ󣬻پˡ
ΪοȻǴ, ѦҲò࣬Ѿϰ˺䣬١
ŻϺƤһֱŲµѦأٲĽ
, ˡѦôſĹк
šӢӦһֵ, ȫ˵һ顣
ӢĲߴ, Ƥ·ȴ
ѦرĿһɨ˿̾ͽԼ͸̰ȫ˵ˡ
˵, ƫԵģѦҲϴ˵ǸȻɵҩĽи̰ͬһøҲûУҲ˵顣
, Ӣ̾ע⵽һ㣺̰ˣ
ǵġѦصСˣӦòء
Ѧ˵, Ӣǵȥˡ
ֻǡܵأҪѦظݻˣܵûô϶ǲȥ
˵˻˵ܵҪ˴ҩ
ӢɫģȻأ
Ȼ󡭡Ǹ̰Ҫҩˡ
Ѧᡣ
ٶ¥Ƴ磬Ըȥˣ
Ѧôţ͵͵һۻ٣ȻͿЦˣˣ
Ѧأˣ١ǸǸ̰һġ
ѦᣬͿӢЦЦؿԼԹԵģԻᱣһƽҪǲʶ࣬ͷĪʧ˿в١
Ѧһ飬Цٷģ
ǾͺáӢȥٰɡ
ѦȥݽǵӢȴǽһЩ顣
ˣӢ˵ڹȥ
ӢСʱѦص˫ֶ̧ˣһٴ߰ġ
ΪӢͣӢֻûֻܼȥ
׻ǳŲסˣ˫֡
ôˣ黭һϲͨûϸѹû֮ǰƵƵĻӢʵ
٣ҵֺᣬеܲסѦȻ˵Ŀ
Ƽӣ۵زˣȻӢֻŶһԱţɵġ
˵꣬Ӣ㿿Ƥӵϣļдд
Щܵܲ£ɿ
ӢԼŤŤ֣̾˿
Ӣһææһϡ
λв˯ѦȻҲ˯
ĹҹģҲϰߡ
Ѧؾôһϡ
̫֮󣬻׼˳ʳ˴򿪴һ߳Զһ߹۲첻ԶС¥
ѦؾסС¥ԡڳźǱ¡
ϣӢС¥Ա߰˵ģǸ̰̾ͻ˽ȥһֱܰ
ӢãͿˡ
ӢѦأȥߡ
ǡѦعԹԵ
֮ˡ
ǰ죬׷ǵӦòڴ֮ͥʲôȥ濴Ϳ̰۾
̰оôʵี̰
ͦõġ̰ЩƲסԼɫ
شе߳ܡ
ȷʵͦõģһⶼûС
棬飬ڶģɼˣȻܿƣûаѲĶڣֻһΡ
һⶼûС
ڹʱ򣬸̰оϲͬΪġ
ڡԼʥһĳУвɻͬ԰飬ϵ޷ĴڣͽǴǡ
Ϊһ㣬ϲͬԣǲڽ̳ϵģһҪԼ̵
ɼˣЩ鲢ܿɽֹģ˽֮Ҫ
Ȼعɵ֪˸ص֪ʶ
ڹڣȨƵϷʲôģû˾⣬ϧںܶϷǸӹ˶ƽ
ҲΪһǾԼ˼ģҲڲͬ죬ǿԸоԼء
ǣԼ˵ظһ㣬ٷʲôģûɡ
ˣΪϴѦҩԵʣûʲôʡ
û¾ͺáȥǿƽҽԺ˿ϵˡ̰ϵǿ϶Ҫұ˿ģطˣ̰϶ñ˸Ǿȥ֢ҩˡ
á̰ͷһᶼϲչġ
ǡ쿪ǹɱˣһֱΪعԽܣ̬ȾȻһ糣
̰ЩԥԥҪҪһֱ߲ԼĿ¶ԥ̲סʧЦ
֪
͸̰˵¥ˡ
Ժĵطרŵȵ˵ģ˵ͳˣұ֮࣬ԸһҲˡ
ȥ֮󣬾һȵģȥͳֺõ
ոշԸãͿ˻Ӣ
ӢѦس¶Ծ
٣ҲЩԾ˿ӢֿڻӢߵѦء
ϵģٺѦһ֡Ѧ˵ǻٵˣԭ˼
ͦԾģϾϡѦػš
ٸѦأǮģٲѦ
ôӢźۼع۲һ
֪ԼܵҪ˴ҩ֮󣬻Ӣ;ãԼĵܵӦҪˡ
һ㶼Լܻܵѹ
ܵȻСͲ̫ãһֱб£רѧǹѧ񶷣Ҫ϶ס
οСɸɾģʲôͺסˡ
ڡ
еƣ糣һⶼûС
ӢͻȻֲõԤС
ѦأҲˡ
Ѧ߰ʱԺģһֱ̻֮س󣬴Сѧôֺˡ
˺Ů˵ǵĺܣͬʱ˺˵飬Ҳ˽⡣
֮ǰļԺҲ˽ӿ͵ģЩǮˣʲôó
˵ײŮˣͷһΡǻѪǺҲˡ
һ鶼ûС͵ʴף
ѦغͻӢͷ϶ûбֳʲô
ʱ٣˵͸̰ԵĶѦضֽţûôɣпܣԺĳʳﱾǷЩġ
һЩС˵ﲻдԺ㶼Ǵ㣿
ڲõŻӢʲôֻȰ顣
ʲô£Ӣʡ
Ʋ
֮ǰһֱǲԸԡ鷳ٵģϾ˰Ӣдƪ⣬ûʲôܲӢ
ңӢҲþǺ¡
ʱľ඼Ƕ˺ģͬʱҲ跨£һЩרΪ£ΪǵĴˣӢϣˡ
Ϊˡ
ڡֵ̰оֱΪңһǸû֪ġ
ȥӢʡ
ֱӾͰѻӢȥ͸̰һ˯ķ䡣
ʱѾ︵̰·ˣĺۼʰظɸɾͨ磬ûӢȥҲ޷
ӢѦţȻ͸˷䡣
һȥͿϰŵĶĳʳţֿڴϵĸ̰
٣̰Լ磬ЩȣͬʱҲ
ǰԸʾڻӢǰȴǲԸ¶ġ
ˣӢҲѾüͷôˣ
ܵܵɫ̫ÿѵûɷ
Ӣִһٵĳ嶯ˣ
̰ظܵ˻Ӣ仯Լȣһǹ
ѾµĿӴˣ޿ӵµĿ׶̵Ѫ
Ѧز˵˲ôѪܽвأӢɫѿˣǹˣôȥҽԺ
Ѿˣް̰
Ӣ˵ʲô ٣Һ̰˰ˣЩ˰̰ңҪ̰
̰һֱлӢŵıˣǶֵٶ̫죬Щ˲ûסӢץס˼˵ġ
£ʵѾӰʳˡ
ʳ֮Ƿǳġû뵽ԼѾôСģȥ̰ӴˣȻ˶˸̰
ֻǣ˭Ҳ֪˾͸ҲˡǼ£Щ϶˸̰ˡ
ԴˣӢеΡ
Ӣ˵ֵ٣ǲ̰»Σա
֪ҪôӢͬʱ̰
µҪô죬ӦԼܵܵġ
ԻӢĻشǲģ˵ʲôţҪĳѾ׼ˡ
ȥҽԺ
ȷʵȥҽԺҪӢһȥ
䣬ͿԼĵܱܵ
ӣƺǳɡӢһ
һμʱǸϸȳ꣬ڡͻȻ֣֪䣬ȻѾҪˣ
Ӣ
㲻ʲôܳɵĸүӰϲ߸Ůˣܳɵĸױ׸߶ˣ
Ӣͼ˵ԼԼĵܵܽɣ׻Щ¡
ܵôϲһˣУô£
ӢɻȻԼĳĳȥҽԺ
ȥģȻƽҽԺˡ
ҽԺ֮󣬸ֱ̰Ӿ˰ԼĿܼˣ¶Сϵ˿
һֱСģ˿ںûгʲôѪѾöˣҪ°С
̰ҽԼֶԵ㶫ȥԵģˡ˵ţøֱһֽдһЩ֣ݸ
ƽҽԺҲгģԭ˵óֽϵֽ̰֡дҩֺҩ֣ⶫҪԼȥС
ע⵽̰ɫܲڣȥϻ
á̰
ȥĶҲеεģҪ֧һ
һߣĻӢͽ˲̰ô죿
һṫݡ̰
֮ǰǲ빫ԼݵģϾ̰ʱɣʲô鶼ԣһΪ٣˹ע¾ûôˡ
Ϊ˰ȫҪС
飬ڶΡ
ãûˣԺ󡭡Ҫô죿
ȥӢ
̰ȵȣҸ˵˵
һֱֵزϹϵӻӢǲ̫ԸӢߴգܿ
⣬һֱƽȣҲϲս
ôˣ
һֱŻҵ鱨͵ʵ㲻øɾǻһǿսҵġ
Ҳûбֳô˽Ĳ˵˵ǳߣ֪ɺˣǾȥġ
Ϊȥ˵ġ
֮ǰΪԼǰ߸Ųҽ֮
ڡѾܹ϶Ḻ˵Ҳ޷
û˵ûڵʱ˵
ҲΪ֮ǰӢŻж٣ǽи硪Ҫǵʱ˵ˣԼƲס档
ʲôʱ˵ͽϺˡ
ΪʲôҪȸ˵Ӣüǻ٣֪Ӧֻпĵġ
磡̰ı
Ӣ̰ӣеˣڹ⣬ˣ̰ĸ׺ãʱ̰˵һġ
Ӣе᣺̰Ҳ̫ںˡ
ҵˡ̰
ӢԼܵӣ̲סʣ̰ϡôˣ
ûô̰
㲻Ѧ׼ʲôȿȣӢʡ
磬ӦԼ̰
ӢԼˣȻΪʲôҪһڳʳﶯֽţ
Ҿ뿴£ô̰
ԼܵôΪ̽ӢϿ𰸡ȷʵܵó顣
ڵӦñֲȻָѾܵһǹˡ
Ӣӡֺˣеͬ顣
ֵ̰磬Щ˼ȻҶҶ֣ǾͲ飬죬ʰǡ
ãӢ̾͵
ǰ漸£ԼĵܵҪо֣Ҫ̸ҪҪǸܶ鶼ƸæˣܵԸѻӻȥٺò
Ӣ̰˼䣬뿪ˣкܶҪ
ʱѾһҩ˸ָ̰Ҫҩ
꣬һҵ꣬ࡣ
ֻ̰ܺ࣬еûӪ໨ëǮڰ˿ˣٷŵΣһӪ࣬ȻŷɿػƽҽԺ
̰һЦ
̰ȵࡣֵ̰ҩˣҪҪϣ
̰еƲסԼı飺˵ǰ죬ҩʲôĻˡ
ң˳Ҫǡ
ôţ־ˣĸˡ
ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬¿༭μˡʦùʦ˲ڣ
ڣ¿ı༭ָ·ڸҽԺ


180 
ġ
˵Ǻ͸̰һ߻ؼ, һֱûܵ, ҹˡ
, ôûؼң˴ʣȻͿڲϵĸ̰
һ, ʵ̰ôˣ
ĸû¡̰ЦؼҵʱСıһӣˤȡ
úõôᱻһӣˤôҪԴЩɻ, ̰˰ʵʵС⣬طúõ, Ҳˡ
ôʵ
û, ͺˡ̰ĸõġ
ʲô㣬չɡȥչ˺ø̰
ȻڴӦ
Լϱ, ôܲúչˣóԼ̰࣬ԡ
¶ԺǱ߻в飬̰û⣬һ뿪, Ȼûãˡ
ʦ, Ҹϵãܽ͵ӽ¿༭ı༭֪ƽƽҽԺܡ
ʱ򣬻߸˵ģ֮ȴˣ磬ˣ
š̰鵭ģ˵Сˡ
Ǹ²ģԵôôСģ
ûûεģ뵽Σգ鶼ˣܿʶ¶Ǩŭֻɫˣɲ̫ãСĵܱˣ˵˻ôࣿ
̰¶ЦûʲôҲǰ磬浹ùպˡ
ڸ̰ੲݣ˵˲ٻͻȻˣҾҪȥϿˣ
ǳѧУܳģҪŻȥϿΣ
ӱŵİóһʦҿӣˣ
˵ţͷɿܳȥˡ
лʮ꣬ʱܶ͵Ѿˣǻõغܡ
ȵȡͻȻ뵽һ¡
ץ͸̰ˣѸ̰ңܻܿٴζԸ̰֡
Ȼ̰ǿԶõģץ̰ǻ᲻Ը֣
ͻȻ뵽ܣһ
š̰ЦЦһֱ
̰Цʱܺÿ̰ͲңȴС˵Ҫν𣿡
̰û˵ʲôȹ죬Ӧþнˡ
⼸أ᲻Σգü
Ѿˡ̰飬˾ŵġ
ȴǲġ
ֻǶŸ̰ȴ˵ʲôɴ̰ôо֣
Ϊҿɿ̰ҺСʶˡ
ڰ£ʡ
ǰɡ̰Ǹֵ飬Ҳܶ˵
֪ҰֿĶҪҲûʣֻ鲻̫á
̰֮ǰӢһֱûʲôӴģҲǮΪӢ£Ȼû
̰챻׷ɱѪ˵ãû˯á
ƽҽԺе˯ˡ
Ҳ˯ˣȥƽҽԺʳóԷ͸̰ûʲô絹Ƕ˵࣬ǵӶͳԲ
ƽҽԺʳķͦóԵģ£ҲͳԵĲɵġ
˿ʼ˺ܶ飬Щ黹Ҫܾõ顣
ձ׷ɱָ̰꣬˯ˣһһûպúһЩӰ˵顣
ܾúˡ
˸̰Ĳ
ãڽ֮󣬸̰ô˯Сʱģȫû˯ʵˣ˯š
кܶҪ
̰Ĺϵûʲô˵ģҲҪ˵ѾͨˣڷܹϵҲûʲô˵顭
̰ΪңȴûиҲøֻ̰ǵĲó壿
ٺͻٶǲ֪˭ģȷʵó塭
վڻٵϣҲûбҪΪ˸̰̫˼͸̰˵ǿվġ
üͷ
飬ֹˣ
̰˯˳ȥһ棬ͼ˽
ҸѾ֪ˣܾˡҸ˷
⣬ѵֵ˸йأ
춯ֵģǼҸĶͷ򵥸˵˵
ֵˣܵձ˵֧֣´ŸɵĽ´Ķͷ¡
´µͽָ߽´֮󣬽´ͽͽɱˣûڹⳡУ´ҲռϷ硣
Ȼձ󣬽´ǸͷȴҲ´׸ɵ
˸ձ˵Ĺϵɺܽܡ
׷ɱ͸̰ģǵˡ
콭´ö񣬾Ϊ˸һã飬ѲǱѹȥˣģһ㱨𡣡
´ҪԸЩˣ㲻ΪԼ𡭡Ȼô룬ǵл
¶ˣһŷһɫõ塣
պãƽҽԺıֽȻֱֽȫûᵽ顭
ô飬ֱӱѹˣԼ͸̰ܺҪû´¾ΪרýͶġ
ʱȨƵˣĿΪΪ
ڣֻһССˡ
кܶߣдС˵ܻӭЩʲôǡ
˼Ҳ鷳ֻôʲôʱ飬ɱҲһԸ顣
ͷĲ׵ˣȥˣ
û£̰أأʱҲ΢е飬Ϳܻᵹùġ
Ժյ±˼ɱ飬֮ʲô鶼ûС
֮ǰһֱãֻҪԼѭ浸أֵַģǾͿʱúõػȥڿ̫ˡ
ȨƵˣ±ˣҲܶ㵽ȥԢҲӳЩСʲôʱ˶û֪
ԽԽѡ
ͻȻʶԼЩطʵˡ
һζҪõȫ˺ܶ࣬ⲻľȫ
ҪߵˣҪǿС
Ҫǿ뵽ݡ
٣ͨѾһˣһ˻ٺܶණ˻ҺܶٸΪʦ
͸¶ܶණģͨЩżԻҲһ˽⡣
Ǹλߣϰմһʴȡ
ҪǣǸֵεˡ
Իҵı£Ҫ鵽ʵܼ򵥣ٴӦ飬͵ûв
Ҳϵһ»٣
ԲԼ£ֻܸ߻١
óһʼǱʼд¶ס
׶˿϶еģ͸¶̫ණһûΪܣЩ͸¶ȥܻܿΣա
ڶġ֪֮û˱ˣܵõٵ֧֣ӵиǿ
⣬εҲܽ´Ǹͷģܻٴζ͸ֲ̰˵ܻΪ͸̰ɱֵµ˵Եʣǡ
ıҿ϶¡
ȫд֮Լ¶ݿܻΣһϴһ档
û¶ݣΣգ
ڱ׶ûˣǺôв١
ȻˣҪĺôһǱģǾҪҸɣԼô֪һеġ
֮ǰľɸɾģС֪ôࡣ
ʵҲý͡
˵˲飬˵ģǡƲ⡱Ʋ⣬ʵܶʶ֮ʿҲ
ᵽ飬͵Ƕǽˡ
Ը߻Сܵ˽̵ʲôķǳУƲ⡭ʱ˲٣Ӧûš
㲻šܲΪĻɱ
ϵˣǽģҡһôණˣɵ㣬ٿҲṩ
ٲãװŪ˵Լ㶼еġ
ִ˴СܿѧߣɵͷкܶŸֹ֮˵ʲôģŵ˾͸ˡ
棬ҲһѡС
Щ˾͸ˡϵʱ򣬾ͿʱһЩʲôģҪʲô飬صһ㡣
ʱиǳˣڱӵϺ̾ͱϺߵĴзΪϱˡϾǱߵĴҪнĳˣص
дС˵ģҪԼ澭ʵټ򵥲
ȻˣЩʵġ
ҪûٿҪĻҪҪֵҪֵظĪ⡣
ǲΪҵµģʱͰڸ̬
һֱʦ͵һٵʦˡ
˺ܶ࣬ȻĿ˸̰ϡ
ʱûһ̶ϰԼܺˣңģԸ߸̰
ΪʲôŪ˵һ֮󣬱˸ĺˡ
ƾԼд龭飬ʱӦԲ˵ġ
еһ˳վ֮󣬵ֳС
Ŀ꣬кܶε鷢꣬Ӣɽʮй͹ȥսڻҡ
ڵݣʲôˣֻһС˵ҶѡӴĶܰһЩæܾȸˡ
뽨ѧУҪƹڵĽл֧֣ҲðһЩ
Խʱܸʲô
պԼĶֿ̰
̰˯ţ˯㡣
һڣȻ߳ȥֵ»ؽ¿༭һˣܿ
õġӦˡ
һ¶˾Ҫʲô飬Ǻܿ졣
Լϲ̰̱ˡ
²ĸף̳ˡ
ھҪ֮󡭡
ص¿༭дһţԼٽϼ档
̰ңΣ֮У¿϶Ҫ취ġ
֮ǰдţͶģȻٴǶֽţÿζܺܿţҲҪȵڶյţеˡ
֮ǰôΪݣڼȻûҪˡ
ӽ¿༭Ȼȥ˻ӢĹ
֮ǰĳţŵַǻٵĹӲ¶ǰĻ٣ŵġ
ӢĹܴ󣬶Χԭǻĵط˺ܶˡ
ӢĹȻһֱ棬Ӣǳÿ춼кܶ˽׻ﷱ
һЩڸ̯ʳǴĺӣԱʲôġ
йһӣǸһǮСѣһŰɡ
˭ģǸӵĿεŵԪϡ
Ǳߵġ
ﲻȥǱߡǸеᡣ
㲻ÿԶԶĺһ˵иԵһžˡͨţŷϵһֱǡԡ
Ǹԥһ׻ܲԪջ󡭡žܵӢ
վԶĽ￴ǱߣǸӲҿſڣվԶܿ죬ʹӹ߳һ¡
ֱ뿪ˡ
ڻǰ¶ݣû˶֪ҡ
ҲֻԼ˻ټġʱҪ˶࣬Ͳˡ
͹ţȥ̰Եȥˡ
С⽣Ƥ̶ֻܱСǺܺģ⽣ʱͦƻˮһŴײˡ
ĴײϺ۸ǳͨ˵ĵطûġ
ʱ򣬻ӢѾյҵˡ
ʱҵ͸̰һ𿴵ģһҵŶǸ̰һ˿ġ
̰֮󣬻ὫеһЩȴԭţ˵յҵţ˲ܲ
ӢһֱհģԼĵܵܲˣҲҿŻҲˡ
յš
ⲻǴʾģֱ͵ſڵģӢٴȷϡ
ǵģ١ǹµ
֮ǰţʾ͹ģҲԵڲͬмҪǣ
Ӣҵž͵Ұһ
ǣεʱ򣬻ӢѾţƽҽԺˡ
Ӣ̰Ĳʱ򣬸̰Ѿˡ
ڣ̰鲢á¶֮ûһչͦϧദʱģ֪ȥˡ
˵ȥ¿༭¡ֿ̰ü̵ˡ
ֵµˣǺܹעģţǲûиȥ
һױ֣ģһ㲻Σա
ûǹʲô飬ϮȫΪ̰ˣŵĻǲµġ
š̰Լе飬ܿͽеѹ£Ҳʱ򣬻Ӣˡ
Ӣ󲽽븵̰ĲȻɨһȦڣ
ǵġ£̰ʣִָ˸ơ
ֺܿȥˣȥҽԺſڶţˣͻ㱨
Ӣó̰ҵš


181 
ҵҪ׼һЩַڳǱߵͬʱ, ̰ǸдһżĳȥģڡҵĻţ
̰ӹ, Ҫ, Ӣֱֵ͹ģʲô¡
̰ע⵽ŷûƱҲûиʴ
֮ǰҵ, ͨʾּĹģʾ֣ξȻֱֱ̰壬̾ʹš
ֻж̶̼֣ԼȥһҾ¥, ͬʱҲʾ²ϣб֪, ϣб˳Ǹ¥
̰һʱ־ϲ
ˡ
ҽܶණ, ۽磬Ѿ˵ԼʦˣԴ˳ƺԷֻϧһֱ䵭
Ҫ, ΣҪȥġ
̰дʲôӢʡ
ûдʲô̰ص˲Ҫñ֪£Ȼ˵
Ѿ, ȼ֮󣬾跨Ϊʦ, ڴ֮ǰȻǲܻҵġ
Ӣ֪ûдʲôû̰¼ǵҡ
һġ̰˶磬ǺܿҪˣȻȥɡ
ӢܵҪôộ
ӢΪʲôڣ뵽ԼܵڵúܣָȥŪԵˣҲûʣȥ
ҲɣսԼĳӣ˾ţͿųʳˡ
˹ȻȥԵȥˡһŴײҪ
ϱǺͻݵġ
Ӣ鼫õ뿪ˣҵ顭ܵȥĺˡ
ܵһֱǱġ
Ӣ뿪󲻾ãͽ˲óȺ⽸̰ԣָ̰ƻ
̰ϵ䵭ʧ˿رºͣһ߳⽣һ߿ƻ
ǰǲôƻģƤвϰߣ˰ã־òɾƻⶫһͻһɫһ㶼ϲ
Ƥ
̰⽣ְݹƤƻˣеøɸɾġ
ϲƻˡʱʼ۸񣬷ƻȻҪһëǮһеû򡭡
´ȥˡ̰Ц
ȥ򡣡̰ȥķ䣿
̰ƽҽԺ֮Ϊ˿ҪҽԺĲסģ˿Ѿˣûǻظ̰λҽԺϢҸá
á̰Ӧˣֵұȥ
áֱ̰ܾڴߣɡ
̰׻ſϡ
üˣͱɡ
̰֮ǰΪɺȣҽԺϢö죬ҲͶƷ
Ϊ˷дζС
̰֮ʣ̰ҪҪϲ
̰á
飬ϰƤӵ½
Ȼʣ̰Ҹϵҩɣ
á
Ȼҩҩ֢һȽϺá֮ǰ没⸵̰߲ҩڶѾ˽˵ĵˡ̰ô߾ûҪˡ
ҸҩҲҪһֱȥѸ̰ĿӣģѾˡ
̰ϴģ޿㣬Ϊ˰˿ڣȾѪĿѾõе㰭ۣ̰ҲҪ֮ġ
ôһԥϵĿӾͱˡ
̰
ĿŪˣѾʹһûյҲ˵ʲôû
̰̲סͺˡ
ѺıӸڸ̰ϣֵȥõˮȸϴһ£ҩ
̰űӣεţƫֲᱻôԴٲԼ
ѻûȣͻˣϻһ¯
һë̺ѻ¯û¯̫̣ٽ֮Ž̰ıѣˮϴëƿһֱӸ̰˿ڡ
ĶᣬȺëҲ̰Ǵ㵽ϣҩٹһεģڻǴ죬
ҪҲĶ̫ˡ
رأȻҲԼʱȥЩˡ
̰һԥѾʼҩˡ
ĶᣬҲܿ죬ûһϺҩˣһֱʱ򣬸̰ųһ
ˡЦ
̰ȫſţȫ̺ߵز˵رɰôţڸո̧ͷĸ̰һڡ
̰һҪҪɴô˻̹ףַܿˡ
»Ҫȥں˵ЩˣҲԸˣȥٲ
뵽ң̰ͻȻ뵽ԼҪȥңеѡ
ԼھƵ棬ǿ϶Ҫȥģڵ벻ȥ
ɴȥֲܡ
ҵ¾Ͱн´æˡ´Լϵ飬϶ȥ
̹ס͵һ˵
̰ôţ̰ҵҪȥһˡ
ȥʲô̰ʵ
Լ̸飬ģŵǰһ
ܶණԻҲ⣬ֻҪ⣬һٵӣûġ
ˣͻ̸£Ҫ˶ʱ䡣
ǽʶһ¶ѣϸȫԺ̸
̰뷨Ӱ֧ߣô˵һ
šЦأҿ϶
̰ЩǸΡȻʵȴǴ⣬̫磬Ҫġ
֪Լ˳ȥ
ԼҪŵ߸̰֮󣬾ڴߵϿ𸵻ϸĸ
ӣһ趨дһС֮顣
µĿͷЩʵģµĺ벿֣д˲ٸʵйصĶ
֪¸ʼ¶Ժĺӽйء
£дòĳдС˵츳ͬҲŲȱ㡭϶ûϸ޸ĹмЩӶͨ˳
ɨһӣִͷ
ôŵʱ򣬸̰ҵ顣
֮ǰֻŸˣڣֲһЩԾ
֮ǰҪֱ֣Ҫòʲô鷳ɣ
ܿ죬ֽ̰Լ뷨˦Ժ
ҶԹҴָƣִһǿ鱨ģóĶ󣬿һ
ˣʲô鷳
пܡͨ˶ԷĿ飬Ըˡ
̰ôţһϲ
ڹʱã֪Լʲôʲôȴҵǰķ
ϣңܱøõġ
Ͼļ磬סͬ
ڹʱԽԽʶԼ˵ĸ롣
лң»ҲļңͬϣԽԽá
ңܴĿǰġ
̰ôţȻ£Ȼе㼤
£һֱĵࡣ
̰˿ʱ䣬еżˣȴֻ¶Լʲôʱ䣿
ҸԼ㣬ڻ硣 
̰ˣҲԼ㡣
Ҳ֪֮ٳü
ȻԼ㣬Ǵǰȥ۲һġ
˰㣬͵̰ˣúϢ
˸̰һڲųţ֮󣬾ʹһñӣһ֣ȻȥԼõľ¥Ĳݡ
½ִȾһЩˣڻ˲ţֵ
Ϊܷϴֵ˲٣Ĵ磬һ㲻֡
һߣˣ̰֣ȥλҪˣԷġ
ǣ١ֵ
ּ̰һ䣺֡
Ӧˣܿȥˡ
̰ʱȴǴ·վȥҽԺʵҡ
ˣһ죬ǰǺӣȴߵȵġ
ʵңȻʹ淭һװˡ
ӡġ
һֱ岻ãƫƫˣǴȥûо񣬻һװ˻ᾫܶࡣ
̰ܿͻ·ñӣóһִϡ
ֱͦ˼̰߳ҽԺһ
ճ˱׷ɱ飬ҲǴ˵ģǰˣµ˾¥ţܽ¥
ǣ١ڸ̰ߵ˹
˾Ƶ̰꣬һǸЩƫƧľ¥˽ȥ
̰ۣսȥ¥ƹӭ˹ԼˣԼԷ
ԼˣŰ䡣̰Ŀƹϡ
ԭŰĿˣ¥ƹ̾͵
̰һͷ¥ȥ
Ȳ¥еۣ۶˵㲻ʲôΧһУֻ̰¥еĪ⡣
Ȼû˲¥Լ棬¥벻򵥡
Ű䲢Ҳôɾٽֵģš
̰֮˲裬ȥ׼һЩֲ˱ţȻֱóһʮԪׯƱкöҲŪһЩǮۡ
ǣƹϲЦտ
ľ¥ͳԷʮһõĲ˺õľƣҲԪλүһ־ʮԪۣʵڴ󷽵ĺܣ
ĿˣһҪдˣҲһҪóõĶƹ¥һߺ˰ׯƱȥǮׯǮһȥʵʳġ
ƹþʰһòд̰ʱ򣬸̰ˣż˱ˡ
ôŸ̰˲⡣
˲¥ǸԼ档˵
ЩȻƽʱǰ¶棬ΪܸŸ̰ƽҽԺţܹ黹ǸչģֱӸ¥ױ֣ɴˡ
ôˣʸŸ̰ˡ
ٽ˾¥Ÿ̰˵
ٲô˺ǳԾ
ٵķԸҲŸ̰˵
ˣҲǰ
ЩڽʱѾڲ¥Ķ¥İˡ
˸װˡ
˽¥ʱͿˣֻһӰ˰ᣬվشǿ档
ڲݴ󣬶ִſ֣С
ˣҲѾЩˡ
ٻʷŵġ
һڵžٺͻٻɽܶʱ򣬻ٺѾȥˡ
Ϣ
ΪһֱΪ岻á
ڿƺˡ
ٴžװӺͦΣܺá
֮£ǻвм
ֻǣټȻû⣬ջλүү̬ȣٻٵĹϵǳãΪʲôʱһϢûУ
ڡû֪ôˡ
Ϣҳ˻ٻ٣ֻһ̫̫СүˣСү˵ٸŪˡ
Ȼˣ϶ҥԣΪϱӵʱ֪иر𲻳ԺζͨĵܵܣӦþǸСĶˡ
վ˲Ǯÿڵľ¥ȥ
Ϊʲôô͵죬ǿ϶Ҫ̸̸ġ
һţ𱣻ˣע⵽ˡ
ôˣվ׼ȥ
˶¥
ֶɣ٣ȻǵһҾ¥ȥġ
ǼʱѾ·Űȥ
ǰҾ¥Թ¥Ϥ
֮ǰӢּ´ͨ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ҫ٣ǲ޽֮顣
ѾҪװĪˡ
Խǲ֪Щ֪ʶǴ֪ģ϶ԽǾҲԽҪ߸
һ㶼ģһߣ̰ȴеŵġ
Ӧһʮ꣬ˣ
Ҳ֪˭
̰ѿժ£ûժûô ǵСеڹͷָҪ
ôţűƿˡ
СǰǻŵģҲ˵˿϶ǵС
̰̾վ׼ӭӣͬʱҲеաʱſֺñӣе㲻
̰һȻͿ˶Էģ
Ҳſ֣û¶
Ϥ
ڲǰ˻һڣȻŷȥˡ
ô
̰𾪵۾
ͬ𾪵ģ
ǲϤˣһ·ٴ֣϶ϲˡ
̰һ
Խ֮ûþʶ˸̰֮ʶཻ̰һʱ䣬ǳģѾ˼֮ס
֮ǰڲ¥ϣԶԶߵʱϲ֪װ˵˭ڽ棬ϲ̰
̰̫ˣ
̰ô
̰ǻǻ٣
𾪵ؿԼĸ̰ת
ɣ˵ǿ̰ŸŽģͦû˼ġ
һժ˿֣٣


182 ദ
̰ĳƺ, һ
һʼţ, ᲻濴ԼŹġһ䡰١, ֪ˡ
ǻٵ飬֪޼Ǿ֪ġ
, ң
̰ȻˣʱҲе㷴Ӧ˽ԭء
Ҷ֪ܶʶԹָƣôң
Ÿ̰, ͬЩš
һֱ˭ô벻̰ȥ
̰ͺ, һֱڵβ˵ҽ, ǸͨŵڻӢ˳ᢵĻ٣һ֮ҲûС
ȻͨŵʱܰѻٵԼѧ̵ѵ⣬, Լô࣬ҲԼվھ˵ļ϶ѡڻӢλϣôá
ʵԻٻ٣Ǵĵ׾ġ
˵, ǻǾ֮ӣɱϵˡʱһݾη
ڡôһ˯ˣ
ҡ̰˵ʲô, ʲô˵
Ҫ̹ݣû뵽Ȼĳ̹׵ġϲϾſ֡
ˣ°ɡ
ϳˡˣ̰侲ˡ
̰λϣһժϵĿ֣ң
̰һ鶼ûУһ˫۾һƬؿ
ǵģҾҡε
һЩӦԻٵ˵ģǰģǸ̰
ޱǵʱ򣬾ʶ˸̰һ·һֱи̰顣
̰Ƿǳ˽ģҲ˵õ˵̰¶š
ȻɣʱҲû취Ϊʲôôࡣ
Ҳûʲô˾Ͳ˵ˡ
̰ٻɡѵɱɣ
ôһ룬Ҳʲôںˣڸ̰ǰӭϸ̰Ŀ⣺û뵽㾹Ȼǻ١
ֲûٻֲø̰ôǮֲø̰ôá
ΪֻǸпģû뵽Ǹбġ
Ҳû뵽ҡ̰۽üҶЦʱȴûʲô飬ָ壺ıˣ
ûСʱƭˡ
̰ЩԾʱֵ㻹ûɣȳԵ㶫
Ҳˣƹʱš

ƹĺܿͽˣȻʣλҪϲˣ
Ѿ˲ˣʡ
λСһЩɫˡƹĿŸ̰
Ǿϰɡ
֣ƹӦһȻܿ죬ϲˡ
ַ̰ǳ󷽣Ĳ˵Ҳͷǳ֮࣬ܿͰһӣֿʼϵ
Щôˣ
ҾõһЩ̰ʱҼȻԼ棬¥йϵˡ
ǳԲꡣʱܶԲ֮Ҳʣˡ
˴̰
ҲǡӦǴ˵ģһ԰ɡ
͸̰ϱ׷ɱʱ򣬺Ǹǵģ⣬ӦþǸ𱣻̰ˡ
á̰Ȼվڣ򿪴˸ơ
ܿ죬Ÿ̰һ˾¥ˡ
ҽ˿͸̰ţе㲻⡣
ǵ˵̫ˣǶһЩõȥ԰ɡ̰ˣӦܳԲ١
صصˡ˵ҲһԡЩ˵лȻ̾Ͷ
ǰЩ͸̰ϲԵĲˣŨͳུĲȫˡ̰壬ǳ嵭ȽϺá
Ͼʣˣƹȥࡣ
û࣬Ҫܻʱ䡣ƹĵ
Ǿɣһ㡣ġ
ƹĺܿͶ档
͸̰ôһ
ûг⽣еˣ˲٣̰ûʲôθڣͳ˼漸ڲˡ
Բˣʸ̰
̰˵ͷ
Ұɡ
̰ԼԲ˸ȻͿѾԼǷݵֱӶ
̰һͻȻθˡ
θǷǳõģܿͰѸ̰ˣſ̰
֮ǰ;ã̰Ǻϲ֪̰ݣ͸ȷһˡ
̰ݣҪʲôûУҪϲĿ̸ܸ
Ҹ̰ǻ٣ĺæôæˣԼ
̰ϲΪǵӽɢһգҲ˻ܣͲ˿ѿ
˶˵㲻ʲô̰
СʱڸǻΪ鱻ġ򡢶ӣճʱΪһڳԵıһ߳ȥЩܹˣܸС㲻ʲô
֮ǰװģʣ층̰һֱţúܡ
̰
̰ӣ̲סЦˣЦһеЦüͷ𣺡ҩѦµģ
֮ǰû룬ڡѦǻӢˣӢǸ̰ĸ硭
ϣʵ̰ȫȥҽԺѦأôŶڷﶯֽš
оǡҩʱ̰ķӦҲеͷˡ
̰ʱһֱ˵ܣԸԼӲ˹ϵ
ǡ̰ˣ
̰ݱ𴩣֪֮󣬾ڿǽҪôˡ
ûسԲµѾĺܶࡣ
ôʡ
̰ûǰһʾûʲô飬ͬʱҲǵģҩѦµġ
Ϊʲôüʡ
̰˶ˣҲΪĺˣɱˡ㲻ϲңŲ㷢ʲôͲˡ
֪ϵҩǸ̰µģԭǳ̰ôһ˵
ͻȻˡ
ֵ̰ұ̹׵ġ
ˣңĪؾø̰еɰԼİе֡
̰ķӦһ
ˣû
ҲǣȻңĿ㶼ܲˣ
ֻǣôң
ʶʱ򣬾ȥˣѧϺʱϸص
Ϻ֮ǰһֱֵܵɫȴҲ˾ޡ
һģ֪ôණóһȴǲӦõġ
̰һʼ뷨ıˣˡ
ңԻûж⣬ԻҰ޴󣬼ˣҲûбҪ׷ס
ôһ룬̰ɴʲôûʡ
˵϶ǻ˵ģ˵Ҫʣ˸ˡ
͸̰Լһ㣬ûж˵ʲôôԺ˷
Թ֮ʱ䲻ˣǻȥɡ
á̰
վֵұȥ
ˡ̰վһȳһյߡ
֮ǰȵ߽¥
Ÿ̰¥Ȼ̰˰һ˳
ṫݡ̰ڳϵʱ߻ذһЩ˱Ҳᰲˡ㣬ĸãܰȫһˡǸһߣЩ˱ͬʱ˳Ҳܱһ
áӦˣ׷ɱˡ
ģЩһɵ̰Ȼȥ۲ı顣
ûø̰ʲôԵġ
Ͳʲôʥˡܼ£Ը˵ģ׷ɱ飬ȴҲҪġ
ڸ̰ˣܲϲ̰Ҳû뷨
ʵ֮ǰһֱø̰̫Ҫ취ø̰һ䡭̰ͦõġ
һֱͻ١
Ȼˣ̰ˣĻе㲻õģ̰ΪϲŻˣĻáͦˣ
һûø̰̣һҪΣնɱҡ
̰ЦˣǸ
Ѿ㡣
ңû
˵֪ҡϲˡ
˻صҽԺʱҽԺﰲģסԺĲ˺ҽԺҽԱѾ˯ˡ
͸̰̰Ϣ֮ȿ˿ڡ
š̰
Ÿ̰˿ڡ
ǹ˿Ӳ󣬲ǲ߷ϻѿ̰ߵ·ֲ࣬˿ڵǻúõġ
״ʹˮ͸̰һϴš
˵Ľŷһϴ㰤Ұ㣬оͦġ
ϴ֮󣬸̰ſڴʣҪҪٸҡϸҩ
ٻˡŸ̰ӣ̲סͷ úϢ
Ϻҩʵûã̰ûϹţҪҩ
ʲôˣϣ·ֱӾ˴̰Ҳ飬Ͽ
һû˯۵úܣѸ̰§ڻûһ˯ˣ̰û˯ţʼദĵεΡ
֮ǰδңΪĺСʮꡣ
һֱǰСܵܿġ
ң治֡
ʶʱ򣬾ѾˣǸ뷨ˣдС˵ʱ򣬸˼ڰ󡷺͡Ⱦдģĺ
ڱġ
ԹƹʲôģȷʵԼصĿҲǰٸЩ
ҽ桭
̰ͻȻԼʶʱԼһȥ֪һЩҽѧ֪ʶģעʲôġڹںܶѹͲ֪ϸĴڵʱʵѾϸ˽ˡ
Լ۹⻹á
̰˱ֿʼҵ顣
Ȼ뵽ҵŵַؼҵ·ϡ
ҽżԽԽ١һߣûȥš
̰
֮ǰҪ֡òֵģʱɺȡ
н졭һֱǸȨ֮ౣ־ģֻԼСӣҲصúܺã£Լ٣عݡΪϵɣ
̰ЦۿͻȻеᡣ
ڰһڡ
ڶһ磬Ӣˡ
ԼĵܼܵȻ˵ϻݸǿ϶áӢʶһµϱġ
ĥţӦ˵㾪ţˣ׼˴㰲һ˳ҲչʾһǻҵĲ
ܣԺ϶Ϻӣ
֮ȴ֪͸̰û
ûѣҲýȥֻš
˺ܾãӢſӸ̰Ϣ
٣ЩȵؿŻӢӢôˣ
š̰Ѿݸ˰ɣӢʡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
˵˾ͺãϱǶļ񡣡Ӣóһ
硭̰üһ֮Ǹ˵ģû´Ӣ֪Ӣ֮͸ųˡ
ȻӢϱ
ֳƺҪô죿
Ӣԭû£ڶϵܵܵĿ⣬еˡ
л硣ûвˣһƺѣ⡣
Ժˣʲô¶ңӢ״˵ļȻ;ϱ壬е̫ʵˡ
ˣ˭ܵϲ
л硣ֵǰ˼鷳Ӣôи̰ڣʵҲҪ鷳Ӣ
Ӣ˵һֿ̰̰Ͱݷųȥ
̰˵ͷã¾鷳ˡ
鷳ˡӢȵ뿪ˡ
͸̰һڸ̰ϢͣȻ̰ͰҽԺŵһһʶЩ˵ԺķԸҵķԸ
ǣ١Щ̾͵
̰ӣʵЩڲͬýи̰ˣӦýлŶԡԼĽĺǿƼ̰ӣرѹ
̰ڷԸ˵ʱ򣬵֪ǰϵκͤƷˡ
κͤǺʢһģϻǣκԲԲ㿴ٰ̰֮κԲԲȥ¶Ժ
κͤʢԣƽҽԺϤƽҽԺŸЩͬ
ҽԺȻʿ
ҽԺ˴κͤʢЩ档
κʢٵģֿκͤʢԣʵ
٣ʲô٣κͤһ㶡
Ǹҽֵ
̰ôͳˣκͤһʣһ߸¥ȥ
ҽеЦЦ
֮ǰô˵ġκͤˣʱѾ˸̰Ϣҡ
֮ǰ̰ɺȵʱ򣬳˷ǳ׽ˣǲģβһõļȻǴȾ϶ܶš
κͤʢһȥͿ̰ڴϿţԱд
ҽϵáʢЦΪչ˸ҽ㶼ʮûȥ¿༭ˣҲῴӣҪˡ
һֱκͤȴùֵֹġ̰ôŶҪչˡ
͸̰Ĺϵеùͷˡ
ǵġҷпգչ̰һ㡣
κͤе㲻ԣʢʱʣ˸ҽôͻȻ٣
̰ЦЦΪǻӢܡ


183 ˿硷
ͷ, ϢǺģϾ˵ֻЩ, 绰ûС
Ҫʲô, ȴִúܿ졣
´һɳϳ˼ѻƬ׼, ˽ˣүиϢ
´׼ȥըĿӣʵʲôϢ
үǿƽҽԺĸ̰Ȼǻҵү˵
´üͷһ£
Ϻмʮˣбµ˲, ´ϺָƵˣȻ֪̰ġ
ҽ𾴵, Ϻߵҽ, ǽ´ˣҲģ̰䲻ҽȴҽ֮һ, á
´һǹӵ˶ӣǸ̰Ȼģ´ӡ
˵ҽԺ
ϺܹżҽԺƽҽԺ˵¿, ȴѾкܶ˹עˡ
̰ϺҲС
ڻ١´˵ûм, ٴϵĻû뵽ǸͦĻ٣ȻǸ̰
´ʣ⵽ô£ҽ
ү̰ǰϲǱ׷ɱ𣿵ʱѲǱ߰ѹȥˣѹûܣһ磬پֵѲȥˣҪԼֻܵظȥ顣˵
ѲǱкЩ´ˣʲôϢ´ǵһʱ֪ġ
Ȼ´ѲϵУǹܲѲġѲһֱӢġ
ҲΪ̰׷ɱ²Żᱻѹȥ
̰飬ֻˣڸ̰˻١´һ׼׼ǽҪŻٸһ
ȻһҲûУȨ˵Һܿ´ţһưոݡ
ǸһֱԵͷҪˡ
´üá
õϢģȻֹ´Ȼ˳Ծ˸ˣҲ˴㾲䡣
һУ͸̰֪
κͤ˵
Ҿ˵ٵһңԸôǮѧе֣ԭǿϡκͤЦſ̰̰ǻӢܵһţκͤһʱ䶼˸̰ĹϵԾˡ
ҽӦý٣ôֻȥҽʢԵ
̰ºһЦڹѧҽֲϲɱɱ飬ع֮ͿʼҽˣʱҸҳϹϵΣգҸ֡
ԭˡκͤʢԶˣϾǰЩ꣬ʱȷʵôȡ
ϲɱɱٸͨŵʱ򣬿ûдɱɱ顣
κͤˣ̰˺ܶļһһԱ߰һʼǱһ߿һ߼¼
ſţ̰ͻȻĳҪ桶Ⱦ𣿡
ԡ˰ô㣿
˵һĳȨ̰ϵŸڣһͦҵģ˵ǹңʱһЩƷ֮ѹûиԭǮͿʼڹӡˢˡ
Լҵд£ֱӳҲеġЩΪõԼӦõĸѣò˾
ܴ˾ģʵõˣЩ˼͵ˣû壬߶ûضˡ
ǱþͺöˣȻרʡ
ϸǷ
Ϊ˰Ƚ鷳Էһϡǿļ۸ߣȻҲͣԪǧҡ
ǿԵģҪϵĻҪȷޣ۸̸̸
֪ʱ˳飬۸ǲġ
˰ȥ̸̰ʡ
áӦˡ
̰æʱʱأм˽˵
дһɱ䡷Ŀڸ̰ˡ
̰֮ǰһʱЦºͣ£ͽȻ෴ˣġ
ʵĸ̰ɣӦ˵Ǹ̰һ档
ͷд
һʱգ۾͹
͸̰ߺܰǱߣͲһˡ
ʶʱ򣬾ѾһСɡϴˣʱҶΪǮģȴͬ
ڸˣΪѧʶһܳ
ƽѧѧˣߣ˲ˡ
ϴʽʲô
ϴĽ¿ҿˣ㡣
ϴ֮ǰıʼǽҳһ¡

һȺΧŸߣյУſڣˡ
ƽѧУſڣȻվŰ˸žװǹʿݵġ
ƽѧѧͨˣƼЩʿе£Ҳ͸ؿ˹ȥ󷽷ش
СʿﳤģƼһ㶼¡
ϴװ˧ߵһԸ
ͷʾͬȻյͷͿЩ˳뻮һؽе٣
ɵˡ
ʱЩʿ߳һ곤һЩģŸ٣Ժǻ߱㣡
ɶе㷴Ӧ
ϺѾܾˣ̫̫æѾûյǻҵһˣôһ
ʲô٣ߵЩѧͬе㷴Ӧ
ǳ˵ʿԸ̰ߵ˵үڻеģǻҵ١
ЩѧĥĸңôͻȻˣ
㡣˵
٣˵٣
òǻٰɣ
ƽѧʱΪɼӿûٱͬѧʱһֱţԼصңһҪûٵһڡһ㶼й¶ݣ⵽ô£
֪ģǰϱ׷ɱˡʿֵٲǵİȫ߶ˡ

󱻰˸ʿм䣬ȥ˹¶Ժ
ܺãã¶Ժ߾˺ܶˮúϴ衣
ΪӶ࣬һϴϴһ磬ϴ֮ͺ͹¶ԺĹԱһЩӼָס
ȥʱЩŶһŴ˸Ǽ̾͵ʦãˣֺؿŸЩˡ
ҲȵؿŸˡ
̡һЦ
ǣʡ
Ҽҵġ
˲̰𣿡

Щ򣬲ŪݣȻɵˡ
һֱŬãԱ㽫͸̰ĸĸʱ򣬲ڱ𣬽ڡ̰Ȼǻ١
ļͥζȲϵġ
УһֱΪ̰ԼҵĶϱѵǣ
ǿǻٰӻ᲻Կ
ƽѧй¶ԺΪݱ¶ԵʣһȺ𾪲ѵʱ͸̰ѾԹˡ
̰Ƥӵæһ죬æˣ͵Ϣ
á̰
˳ú̸̸ֵ
ھ¥̰ʱ򣬱ƣر𾪣ټϲ볳Լ֪ôͣɴʲôû˵
Ĳ˵϶ǲеġ
˵̰һֱʣͦȵģȻϸһУͷ͸̰θֵ̰е㱰΢ˡ
Լһֱһŵˡ
ϱ岻ãĸĸһֱŬҲȷʵɾͣ»ҲӲԼȱ˲
̰
Ĳ˵̰Ȼ뵽Ըϵ֡;е㲻˼顣
Ǹ̰ôôҶ£϶׷ס
̰ԸҲ֪ôɵģ̰Ը񣬲ģֻǵĸ
̰̫˰ɣ
ãбҪúÿһ¸̰
˼ܸûظ̰˼롣
Ҫ̸ʲô̰ǲ
챩¶ԸͬʱʾˣΪͬԼڿЧеġ
дţӦöˣΪʲôΪʲô֪Щģʡ
̰
ûоãԼŵ̫ˣʡ
̰Ȼ֪ġʵԼķӦˡ
뿪
ȻˣúķӦҴûϲˣֻϲһ֮ǰϲ֮ҾԼͦĵģҲá
ʱĸʵûôҲ滰ȷʵֻϲҲȷʵԼܶġ
ϲͬԲģһȡ򡣡
̰רעؿ
ɴ͸̰ռ֪ʶ
ִʱûصȥ֪ⷽʶʵ඼ǺߵģһȷǾϲ㲻ʲô
˵̰ǰӴϢȫͬ
ܷϣϲЩ
ǵĸƽȵģΪϲңһζ˳ңⲢǺ¡ʲô飬Ƕ
ȷʵ˵Ļ
̰Цˡ
ֶʱȷʵͦЦģϷʵܺ桭ôֵ֪ģ
ǰӢĺͷĵˣоϸġϲˣ»˷ˣԼᱻϽ̼ܣǵĹңʱѾùˡ
ʱõġ
ҪԼǴԽ¸߸̰׻ûô
̰һ̰ʱˣļܸͥӡĸǾ
ԭʷϣǷõľ֮һ󵽵׻ǵˣٻսУһӵ
棬ʷıȻԵġ
Ҵڷ⽨̫ˣûһ׼״飬ôԶչ
ִӡȵķչܿܶණˡ
ӡȶʱΪֳؾˣ֮÷ǳãӵƵ·ϵͳʱ˶ãǻᷢչԽԽãԶйʵϡ
ˣŬðչøãŬ˲ţʵδܵĥѵͬʱδþ
и˵ͦ˼ģǣˣ̰ܻԶ峯ԱأȵϾ̨ҷ֮£Ǳ̰١
Ǿ͸˵ˣȫʵɡ
ǾԺõģЩǮɱˣϰյľҪã˼׳˵¶ǮΨס
һ㶼ãҽܵ¡
ˣ̰֪̫࣬ʵǺ¡
٣վڸ̰ϣ˸Լļ彫Ϊɥ֮ȮͦԽܵġ
Ը̰һЩѣú·ûҪδ
ΪʲôҪͬ͸ʱϲͬԵ˵йˡ
ʱֻļ֮ͼ飬Ǹž޵ˣдо˺ܶණΪϲͬԣڼʮ󣬱עԼƣʹɱ
ʮˣʱϲͬԵˣܵȺ
ҵʦҽϸѧܸȤ־ҪҳһɱϸҩһֱɹֱһΣһӽ󣬽ϳùɱЩϸʱоȥģǵĹҡ
ʲô֣̰̾ʡһˣ־ֳݡ
Ѿȥˡ¶Щ
Ǹ̰
û£ѾȥܾˣͽˡҺܸмıҵ
̰Ҳͦм˵ġ
Ҫûˣ¾ûڵˡ
֮ǰδֹһˡȻҲǶԷúأ鲻
Ͼʱͨû˻רŹע
Ҫءһôˣ˵벻ǻ٣
̰Ȼĸо
ʦϲˣֲ˼ôţһСͦġ
ЦЦһڣҺѾõĲˡ
ֹ̰
׻ûס
ʮ壬ĺס
СģϾ̰廹ûá
ڶˡ
ʱĶߣѾ ˿硷Ĵˡ
˿硷ںףͬҲܹˣڹ½֣ȫòᡣ
ôûˣ
Լдȥ
дСɣĺӰ

ͬʱҲϲµˣʼڴˡ
ҼҾ˿ģҸ׿£Ѿʼдȥˡҵˣһȥúо
о¥ҪдģӦò⡣
µĽãСɣĳɳϲҲ˾ϲ
ҿ¥дġҵĸסСɣ¥ĸһֵþ塣

㣬˿硷ʱÿ춼ڴڱصģᵱ죬̾Ϳʼǡɱ䡷ˡ
ɱ䡷ŮΪǵģҪдĶҲһĿȻŮԶ
ڱĺܶŮߣſһͷѾͬܡ
ʱŮҪõƽ̫ˣŮˣܵƽ
Ĳ˵أŮʹ಻˵ò
¥дСɣѾúܶŮ˷ܶĿˣ⡶ɱ䡷͸ˡ
ȻˣŮϲһЩĻҲϲٲкܶŮ˾͸ε˻߱ϴصŮ˲ϲ
ǡ˿硷Сɣǡɱ䡷ŮǣǾԽܡ


184 С
ָԼдС˵, ܸıŮԵĵλ
ʱ˵Ůˣ, ûǮ, ҲǺ޵λģһСľͻᱻɱ, ŮҪΪԼȡĳЩȨ̫ˡ
Ҫд
Ҫȥͷһı䡣
˵ʵŮԵĵλͬܵ͡д򡤰ХɽׯƷĲؽã19дƷ֮, ͲòԱ
ǵƷ硶򡤰, һڷŮŮ, ִС˵ȱȽǣǸʱȴǷǳټģ˵뾭ѵġ
Ʒ, һЩŮ
ϣԼƷҲܳΪӡ
ɱ䡷ⱾС˵д˲ˡ
źС°ṴԼɷ, ͽ޸˹µĶӡ
СͰһ𳤴󣬻Ǹи, ѡĹµĶӲˣеˣðãף㡣
㲢ϲǸµĶӣ˲ã
ΪʲôҪڱ˵ϡ
ΪʲôĸĸΪʲôСˣҪˣ
кܶ뷨ûз׻Ǽˡ
󣬰ɷŷìܡ
ɷϣڼӣ鿴ֽͻԷ̡ͬʱûʲô£ȴܾԼǳ㡣
˼ɰ飬Ⱒ뷨˵Ǹӵ
ڰĹ˵˹£ݲüڼǾԵȨ
šֻ֪ΪɷΪӷףԼҲ㡣
Ǽҵ׽⣬ƵϲˡڵӶˣĹɷҲнˮǼ˲ڣűԸģոӷѲ
ǣĹɷ˺ȾƳʱ򣬰žڼҿ
㻳к󣬹Ŷ˵㣬ɷȴ˱ŮˣȰһŮŻ̾ͷ
úʹ࣬Χȴã¶ӣĴ͸Ϊ
СͽĹ۵㣬ôܣܶ࣬һֱûзѧϰ
СɷҳˣСžⶼС㲻ãܲסɷСԼҲ£ҪΪѾ뿪еɷ檡
һлˡ
Ȼ뷨ҲûзʱĻᡣ
ǣҲ뿪֮󣬿ܻȥ
Ȼĳһ죬ͻȻ
һȺҲ֪˻ǹٱˣϮУĴ˼һæ
㱾ǿԸСһ뿪ģŮڼУæȥŮٻعͷʱ򣬴ҶѾˡ
ɷ͹ˣţŮȴ
Щڳɱӣſ־֮£Ȼ˵ȴͬװԼŮʼص
㳤òҲʲôˣСһֱź˵ĻϸƤ⣬ǺúõذһĬԵˣһ¿ѧУıһݽĻ

ⲿС˵˺Щ뻯ģҲּһһд
ȻˣȻд˲ˣڱֽϣȴֻһͷ
ȻΪ¿ͷѾһЩе뷨ټϡ˿硷ֽϳ˺ܶ¡
ģһģдרſ˸Ļ˵¥Т˳ףžȹյ鰮飬˲ݡ
˵¥д£ΪǮûһ˵ķǡ
˵ıʼΪдĳЩ˾áġ
ټϿһֱܶ࡭˿硷ĵڶ죬ֽһӾͳʮƪ¥¡
¥Ʒ
˵ѧϲһ˾ɷŮˣ˶ġֱҽŮ߱ӷɵ¡ڡ˿硷͸˵ˣǵСɣǸТģȻԳӣҲʲ壬˵¥ôдԼƷҲ⡣
һֱƽҽԺŸ̰ˣһլУһСģͱˡ
⣬Щڱֽϵ£ôģϱϣЩظ
⣬ȴ˹ʱ򣬾̲סԹ
Թһȥ̰
̰Ȼǻ١ڸ֪ˣѾ֪ˣȻ󡭡ܶ˶ò˼顣
Ȼ͸̰Լ̬ȸǰһܿһС
ͬʱѧľͷˡ
˼ǿǾŬ㣬Ժ̰ĸ׾Ҫ
ĸǰЩ˴ӹһЩԭ飬ĸȥϧ߶ͷĸԼȥˡ̰
ԭŸ̰ǳڵ񣬱̰˺һ֮󣬶ʱͲˣֻҪȥ顣
ˣ̰ͿЩһֱˣҪҪ˽ѵһ٣
ôѵǣʡ
һ٣Ҳȥ£Ǻúһ¡̰Ĳ˵ϴŮɫһţ̫̫Ⱦָ˼ӶˡǰһĺӵӶΪѲһʬ
ڸ̰Щˣʲôöû˲ˡ
ЩΣǹͬѣ˷š
ѵˣ̰üѾ֪Լʵݣǰںܶ࣬Ҫڵġ
Ȼܡ
¥裬µģֻĬĬдС˵ֲֹ¥һף
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硰Ůûã⻰ȥ˵ȥĻдһ㣬һȥȫǿԵġ
СˣǸϸҿҸдС˵
̰ˣҪдС˵
ԣҵıдС˵дһ˺ܶҵˣĳԼС껥ˡ
ָյдǸӵļͥ
껥ִһ㶼ϡ棬˾ʮһЩӰƷйͳֹˣд˾͸ˡ
ʱ̰û˵
ھôһȼˣдʲô
дǸС檵֮ϲ񣬲Ŭݺ˯Ůˣ˵ˣĥţ˵˹ǵٵģǰûѹν޶ϰնСռ壬˼£˵ϲ
Խ˵Խд̾Ͷʿʼд١
̰ϲزС
ϵˣ
׼˵ʱ򣬻кܶΪƽ
˿硷дüãСɣΪɰǳŬЩ˵ʲôȢһ帾ȡ衯ǲ֪ν
˶ȡһ¥£ֱն񣡡
¥Ȼв֮ҲЩдĹƨͨĶöˣ

˿硷Ἰ½½˵¾ͳˡ
ҲʱǰϺ˺ܴͷ³ˡ
λд²Ϭͨ׶ʾˣһȺ߸ϣյıǵλãǾðͷȫ򵹵ʬλز֮ˡ
Ů˱˱ͼΪЩ˵
սǿһкܶͬ
ֳд˼ƪ
£ǰ֣æͶġ
죬ڸ̰ŵĻȥ֣͸ӣ֣ͦģô벻Ǳ˵˴Ʋ¥
ǡͷصķ綼ˡ
ķǿģµģԼеķ磬ã¥£ķʱ¿£Щ秵ģķ磬ѧܳݵһλʦġ
ĺ츳֣ʣˣ˵һֱһ𣿡
ȷʵˡôˣ
٣ܰæ𣿡֣
ҿ԰æʡȥʸ̰ҪҪ渵̰ˡ
л֣
֣뿪ȥһҵӡݡ
ҵӡҪ桶˿硷ڸһЩϸ֮󣬴㽫ȥ
ҵӡݵ³ʱһֽǮһֽӣܿͰˡ
һŵģҵӡݳҲѡ
緹ҪƽҽԺԵģȥ֮ǰȥһ˸±ʳ
̰ǰЩ岻ʣֻܳ嵭ĶҲһԣﵭزУھЩζصģȻҪǸ̰ҲܳһЩˡ
һЩ±õ廨⣬˰ֻ±ѼһЩΣ̰Ѫ
̰ʵǹ÷ǳ岢ǿ׳ͦĵġ
ڸֻ̰ǲǿ׳ѣûв
ʷϵĻ٣Ҳ֪ôȥġ
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ģǸĴӵŮӣϲ
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Ҳˣܶ˲ʶϳġ
á
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ʱȥѧŮӵļҾ϶ڹ⿪۽磬Եڲͬͦġ
¥𣿡ݿһ˫۾ġ
ΪݵĻСϪعѾһˡ
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ǧ˴ֻصɽ˯һͿʼٸĸıƻˡ
ĸһֱ飬ܵˣһ֪ΪĸӦòģϾ֮ǰͨŵʱĸ׺֧顣
ΣĸҲˣ
Ҳ飬ǡĸˣ׸Ҫ׸ˣҵĺӡ
˵ԸԼϲ˽飬׻˵Ժϲģټޡ
ĸףݻͷһ֪ǸϹŰĸף˼뾹ȻȽҲȽҪˡ
ܲЩҳˣʱյϢ˵Ϻ׷ɱǹˡ
統ʾҪȥϺԥظȥ
ڼϺꡣ
ԼĶˣ
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Χ˶ˣ骸ɵۡ
ǵһô󵨵ˣһû飬Ѿϲˡ
ϧ̾˿һͦϲģ
ϲһοȥȴǿһԼĪʮ߰꣬žװüۼˣ˻ĿⲻƵؿԼ
ر𵨴Ůʿ׷ߣ͵˵ĸȥµһ£ˡ
תߣԱߵŵ󣬻ӹüŻݣСϪˣ˵ֻ
Ҳû˵ʲôݵҽģⲻǾ¥ͦʵ𣿡
¥ӹüͷһ壺¥
ǰݵӦûƭ˰ɣû뵽¥Ȼôᣡ
ӹ¥ͱˡ
ΪʲôСϪʡ
ӹû˵
ܵ¥ˡҲ֪ûС
ҪҪæ
ߣȥƽҽԺ


185 κ
Ѿû, ·ࡪܶϺˣϼҴڻؼҹȥˡ
һ·ͨؿƽҽԺ, ʳ¥, Ϳ̰˵ȫץһˡ
ǣ١̰ǰ˵
µʱ, ´Ǳߺúϡֵ̰˻־˳ȥˡ
ʱֹЦݡ
ֽŵʳݸ̰źˣ˴ʳȥûһͽ֮װ̶, һģжľ㡢ɽҩݫ񡢰ײ˱ȼˡ
ڳʳ, һֱǲôԼ, ƽҲû̫áЩҲԲ
ңٳȥԣһ㶼ǳԵļҳ, ĳ˵Щ϶ǲܱȵġ
⼸죬ÿԵģüΪϸĳʳ
˵, ǰײ˱쳣, кܶá
ȻˣЩ˶˵е嵭ˡ
´óǱ߶⡣̰ϵʳʶһˡ
ãǼѼҲţ⡣һֱû˶ʵ뻹Ҫ֤ġ
ֱ̰ӾͷԸߵˡ
ʱֵԲԼΣܲѪ
̰Լβ޶Ȥ
ڹ˺ܳһʱ䣬˲Զ࣬ˡһʼˣϰˡ
ڡ̰Եġ
һ鼦θ̰̰һڡ
⼦±Ĳζͦõġ
ţͻȻ˽٣ٺʹСˣ
ˣ̰Щȡ
ûҪˣ羹ȻʱϺ̰ĥţǺܿҪյԼ׵ĵ籨ըˡ
٣Ҳе㾪ȡ
̰ع֮ӢΣӢദ㲻öôǢҲͲ֪ʲôӵġ
̰վһȥһ´硭
ѾˡӹȻĸߴ꣬ʹһŮ˽
ŮĽŲţ磬ȵҡ
ȫȻİģǰոռ
ǡȻǻٺͻҵС㣿
磡Һ㰡ݴܳ˸̰һӵȻſ¥ô
ݿ񣬳Ƶ
̰ѾܾûˣųãǷǳ˽ģƼӣʱЩ
һֱǺСϲģҲȥԼҲû˼ûʲôһڻ̬ȡ
̰ҵİˡ
˵ʲô¥еİеģ羹Ȼ˵¥İˣӦ˰ɣ
תӣӲؿ¶΢Цûб粵
ݵһ
ϲ£̰͸߻ӹͻӢˣԼ飬ҲûˣݻСû˵ġ
ݾͱŵˡ
ӹûȥãֻȥ̰ˣ
ǵġ̰
šӹãҽлӹ̰Ĵ硣
ãҽ
ӹϹսģвٹɱ֮Ĵԣټǻҵļ̳ˣȥʱ̬Щ
̬ȺȻ
ӹелӡǲģûƻԼܵܺĸĴ㣬ʱһ飬̰˵ˣʲô㣿
磬ͦõġ̰
Һ̰ܽ飬˿һԸȻҺ̰԰ᵽһסиլӿţԲһ¡
Դ֪͸̰֮󣬾һֱҪ̰ļˣҲʱˡ
ӹüͷһ壬ʹĻӦõģլӾòˣҸ̰һլӣǿȥס
ҲԡڳԸ̰ס̰ģ˳ˡ
ʲôһܷܲҪѸ̰ˮƽԼһΣùҲ׬˲ǮˣôŶǳԲġ
ӹЩȵؿһۡ
Ŀ̰һʱ򻹲֪̰ݣԲǳŻҵǮȨģ̬ȡѡ
ӹͦ˵ģ˿ϵķˣȳԷɣȥȱˮͻѾ·ϳԹˣܲվԱ߿͸̰Է
ӹŻЩӲĻݣȥ档
棬ݱһˣ磬ô£
˸ɩӡӹ¥ˣˡ
Ҳûǹݱ⣬Ǿ¥ѡ
ǾͺãҪҵǣһԲ˶ߡӹԼá
һ£֪֪ˡ
˻Ǻܺõģܻǣ˵ʲôҲķָǣԼĶȴҲ˶ûкùӳԡ
Ǿҵ˵ġ
ֻǡô͸һˣ
ӹԼһۣȻѸԼױȥһӢûӢ׼һ׺õķӣѷù
ױӦˣݲ⣺Ҫ򷿣ǾϺ죬סﲻˣ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ׼ӡӹ
Դ֮ǰ˵ʱʵѹû׼
ӹͻţ͸̰Ȼ̵سԷǷɿسԺã档
ӹȲ裬ڻݣŻе㱡
磬ҪϺ죬Ͼͻȥ̰ʡ
һ졣ӹ
ǵ̰ü
ӦϰǲˣֻҪһǸ˵ġӹ
ɩأ̰ʡ
ܾûлңҾͰͻȥˡӹ
ӹȻǸʽŮӣܼ˵۳裬ټĸǻ˧£ڶŵģӹϺ֮ǰĥҪָͣͰȥˡ
ӹû
Ϻ£˧ţûе֪Ҳ˵ˣ˧֪
ԼĶӾȻȫܵϺȥˣ˧ڼ
Ȼȴ޿κΡ
˭Ⱥӣӣ
ϸ룬õˣӣгϢ˼ҵĶܵ¡
ôţ˧ٷ˼˵ĵ籨
ӹˣ̰ͻӹкܶ໰Ҫ˵ɴȥ˽¿༭Ǳߡ
죬¿༭ҪˣȥԸ˷ʲôġ
ڷǳǮ
ǰ죬ѴѧŪļԪӢָһ̰عĵڶӢĺˣŷ澹ȻһһԪׯƱ
٣Ǯ
ǮҲʹˣ¿ļԱÿһǮĺֶ˼ȥ¶ԺǱߣԱǷˡ
Ǯһͷȥ¶Ժ¶ԺĺǼӲ͡
ɢƵʱ򣬻ӹԼܵܺúġ
Ȱʲô˵ˣȻ
ͦõġ̰ɫºͲ١
û뵽ѡһ˹һӹϲˣһϲߣȻӡ
һֱġ̰֪ԼôģʵһֱϲЩˡ
ǿ㡣ӹеġ
硭̰ЦãǿҪ˭ң
Ҫġӹ
̰۹á
£̰ȫû˵˵ˣΣա
ˣǻӹӢ֪¡
̰ʱ򣬻ӹڣȥӢǱˡ
̰ѾҽԺ˺ܾãɴͺһ˼ҡ
ȥ˸̰լӡ֮ǰδ̰ķ䣬쵹ǽȥˣûãӹӢлݣһˡ
˲ȣӹǿ
ǻӹǻӢѾ˸׳죬ԷʱûļֻͥдС˵
Ӣǵڱֽ飬ҿˣģһȥкǿµģ
٣ˡܾˣҪôˣЩҪڳ
֣ԽǽԽǹע󱨲ˣСҲᷢ
˸ҶŸɶ෢㡪Ϻûһ졣
Ƣ̫ˣӢңһǣ
ӢȷʵôӢҹд°Լ˵ģøǼƽϡ
㰡ӢӦѧѧǸҷ˵Ļر˼
١ֹ
ôˣӢʡ
ҵһ
Ӣô˵Լüƽϣ
Ϻ鲻˽Ļӹͻݣ˭
ûޡ
˸Ա߻˼¡
ֻǣû뵽ǣڶһ磬ȥҸ̰Ȼ֪̰Ѿˣڼҡ
̰ڣɴ͸ȥ˹¶Ժ
ƽѧѧУ춼żˣҲ͹¶ԺȻҪ˿š
ΪٽԵʣ¶ԺӵģǼֽ֮Ļ
ʹɵĺӼСĺӣͽֽһŲÿȻȥ
ʱ̻񣬶ֹģֶžܳ첻ˣûƽ£ֻƴȻһЩûмĻȥñ
¶ԺʱЩѾæˡ
񻹸˻дһЩ֣дɣ
ëʣʱֻһ㡣
Ҳûʲô˰Ѳúõĺֽ򿪣д
ЩԼﻹҪ¶ԺҪţҪһЩˣСѾǶҪ
ԣԹд˺ܶࡣ
дһʱκͤˡ
κͤκԲԲģºӾˣκԲԲһ߳ˣһܵߣд֡
κԲԲݵؿ
ǡ
ҪǸ̫ˣһ޸㡣κԲԲֵ
ʹһСأϲʹġ
κԲԲͬصͷҲϲʹģ̫󡣡
κԲԲ䣬κԲԲͱߣȥͷȥˡ
κͤѾԽԽչ˺ˣˣǷȱ֮ģĲ˵κԲԲСѵͷͲ̫Ū
ʱûзõƤֻûеԵͷʲôģͷɲ
κԲԲûã¶ԺſͻȻһԼĪʮ꣬סһȴųӵˡ
ʱеʣƽ·һ㲻ᴩӣֻᴩۣȴһ˿شӣͷظ˳
󣬻Ű˸ˣЩ϶˶źų
λԺġŵ˶˷˽
¶ԺѾЩˣٽ꣬вǮ趫ӦҲģǾû
ڣӭȥλá
񡣡ùõ棬ͷ˵
ͷһȡȻȥ
ĶӣǸü
ǵġЩáǰû˵ʲôòĻ̬һֱڸ߱ˡҿ㡱
ӶôˣôôҪһ
֮ǰֻûò⻰ɫʲôˣҲģ
κͤĸס˵ҽģҵҪǸôĺ꾫һˣȻܹҶӲؼң
ɫһ䣬Ҳ룬Ϳ𱣻¶Ժʿܸ磬鷳Щ˸ϳȥ
ʵͦ˵ġκͤѹûйϵȻô˵
ʱ򣬸֪ν˳û˼˿߲¡ɲֻѿ
𱣻¶ԺЩʿ̾͹ˣǳȥ
ɫˣ֪˭𣿡
˭ȥЩʿǹ
ѿȴҧزߣκ򣡡
Щʿɲ֪ʲôκȥЩˣȥ
κǺһʱǣκԲԲˡ
ôˣ񲻽ؿһĻ
үүκԲԲȴһȻ㵽
κԲԲ游κ
ԭκĸסôˣ񲻽ؿ
Ѷ¡κ˵ֿ񣺡չԲԲлҲϣԼݣ
ŻԼ˵ԲԲϣߣ
ЩãȻǼҪȥκԲԲȴֺЩǹԥŲǰ
κ״ɫΪѿκԲԲȡ
κԲԲǰ׽ʵĸ游һ㶼졣
Ҫˣ磬Լˣȥȥ
ڶô˵ˣЩʿǹͰơ
κˣǺõúܣҵҪǺõʱ
ôˣʱſˡ
ģȴǻӹͻӢ
ӹžװӢװ˿ŶǳһŶʮʿЩʿϣͬŶ
ӣеκʱģǵųɱκˡ
Ŀʿŵĺϡģ
лҪ˵
ӹandӢ¸Ƹ


186 ·
ôˣӢüǰĳ档
, ¡Ǹʿ
٣ԭѾܻκԾؿŻӢ
κլϺϺԼĪһ·̵ĵط
κ峯ʱ, ѾԺ, ǡսңκĸ׸ǳŻᣬݺݵطһսơ
ٱ˹, ֻ̧ۣ֮飬û
ȻˣôҲֹǣǻ˶ôˡ
֮, һκҵļҵԽԽ, , 
⻹ֻǸ˿ġ
ЩʱκϺ⣬ʹˣŽܶ, ϼȥˣˣҲʱʱϺġ
Ϻȫ£ЩϵҲҪ߶
ӢһϺܴͷ, ๤κȥݷùһ, Ȼϳˡ
ǻӢΪֻκһΣûϳκǡ
κʱ򣬼ӰڵغܸߣŻӢȴЦݣ٣κ򡣡
ԭκүκүǣӢʵԷһ˵κ֣κͤĸˣֻκͤĸôͻˣ
ҵŮŮؼҹġκЦѾ𾪲ѡ
ȥǰΪκͤκϳţüһͭԪʱκʵϣκͤԼϴġ
ԼĶӴСʳһƶֻҪ˿ͷ϶ͻԹԻؼңҪȢˣ
ȻκˣӾȻסˣĲؼˡ
ؼҲˣǮ£ӾǰѴѧˡ
κΪӽҲΪԼգΪһֱӽš
ãӳؼҡ
û÷ôļҵ
ȷʵؼˣȴǻԲԲģΪǸԲԲŵ飬Ǵһܡ
ֱ֪ν
ԲԲ£ģȲ֪ôˡ
ԲԲ˽ţŸüˣ
ܶͥϲĵµĹɹģ
˵ںܶ˻ѼŮȥʽѧãκǲԸôģϾĶӣΪȥʽѧãĶҰˣȻڽӴܣ
ʽѧãͲʲôõطкӲȥŮӾ͸ȥˣѧѧŮ콫ȼˣ
ȻˣκܽܵģĶӾȻΪ˸Ҫ޳ȥѾͷƬӣ׵Ǻ
κܷŭûŶӰŮߡ
ӶȻչ˲ǸŮҪѺͻ
öչ˸ӣҲӳԵͷ
κͤȻѺչ˺ˡ
Ҳˣκ˵Ӹ˻Ůһˣһȥμҵᡣ
Ҫڶǰ˵˾ֶӵĻϺѵһǸŮˡ
ŮˣǾκҵģ
κŮˣ뷨֪ԼŮȻӽŮ֮󣬸Ǵﵽ˶㡣
ٽ꣬ɴŮҲ˹¶Ժ
κΪŮˣ϶ΪκҵǮƣŻԼӲŵģˣ϶ģԼ˵ʲôҪţ
˵䣬Ů˵ĶӣȻҪߡ
˷ˣ
κǻѾҪʶȥĸӵ鷳ĸÿˣپȻˡ
κеŪ
Ůˣѧǰ𣿾идС˵ͦĶӣҲûʲô֮ôˣרģ
κӵĲҲʶȥˡ
Ѳ¶ǣ٣鷳ġ
κĻɫһ䣬еŭؿ˾Ȼô
κɫͬʱӢɫҲڻӹһֱ
ӹɨκһۣ͵Ȼ鷳ģͿŪȥ 
ǣ٣𱣻¶ԺʿһʼӢκʶе㵣ģӹô˵̾ͷ
κˣ٣վһģĪǾǻ٣
ٸ٣ôһ
κ⣬ٶŮʿãҽлӹǻ̰ͻĴ磬ллǵչˡ
ллæЩ޴롣
ճʱ򣬲ԼĶΪʲôκͤĸͻܿͲµԭ򣬶еŭġ
ƵģһУûٻٿЦ
ڻٻûп
ǵʵеǿԼǰĻӢӹŬԼȻһ㡣
̰һˣٻ٣൱ӵĴˣҲô ı飬ԽԽȻˡ
ССл񣬲ɾ⡣ӹһۣĸ̾ʹʿǰЩ񣺡Ůʿ˧׼͸鱦κ͹ֻеطţ
еģýɡȥкӹͻӢλҲ
ӹͻӢȻᷴԣ˸񣬾ȥǵЩʿϡ
κʱѾʶȤ˹¶Ժ棬˻ӹĻģ鸴ѱ档
ô벻ŮˣȻҹϵǳ
֪㲻ԸŮĶϱҲȥ
ǴĶ˿߰ɣκ˼ʱЩϳʿѾĶóˣֱ˵ϡ
κ˵Ϊ˸лչκԲԲģʵѹû׼ʲô񡭡˴ģһϻԪĶǸ֮࣬Щôɢһء
κһ˦ӣߣ
˼˶æȥ
ʱ򣬻ӹͻӢѾݵĲˡ
¶Ժ͵Ĳ裬Ȼʲôò裬ӹͻӢû⣬Ȼˡ
˧ʱ򣬻ӹʮˣ֮ûӾͱȥ˹⣬ع֮ʼսӹûôܹ
ڻӢЩŵĶһֱŪġ
磬ôˣʡ
ӹһۣԼŮʿŮʿһԸġ
ʵŻӢ¸Ƹġ
Ȼܹ˵ɴչ˸̰Ϊ˳ԼһԸ
ӹԸⵢ̫ãͣɴ˹¶Ժߡ
֪ǻŵġ
ӹԼ˳Էʱ͵ص㣬˵ãˡ
ſڽؾصسŻӹһЦ磬ôˣ
¶ԺĺӶֹҪʲôڰ칫дС˵ˣҪ֪ԼĴˡ
ٲе㵣ġ
ڹ¶ԺϺÿΣصУ֪ԼĴͽϺȻһͱȥ˯ˡԺҪڹ¶ԺٸǼأû뵽Ǿܵ¶Ժˡ
ûʲôӹûϵ
˵Լûϵһ
ȴе㾪ȣ̰һֱû߸ΪСԵʣڿšǣ
Ѿµԭˡ
֮ǰһֱΪ͸̰ͬͬĸֵܣ֪̰ǻ֮ܿʶʵˡ
˧иСӣ¾ǸС 
ϱӵĻиԺζĲĵܵܣҲǸ
ֲø̰ԸôģͬĸҲ˵ùȥˡ
ӹһ뿪ˣ˿ĵزУ߸˵ȥдС˵ˡ
ʱһĻ˧žͲһˣֲû
ǻбԭ򡣡֪ǲͬĸ
ԭЩȣ̾ͽˡ
˵⼸꣬һһޣʵҲ˵˵ѡ
ȨƵˣ̫̫
˧ˣ̫̫˾ò˼ġ
ӹͻӢԼ緹һ£ܿʹȥԼˡ
һߣ˻ӹӢ̰ĸˡ
ϯӹ࣬Ӣ˵˲ٻ͸̰úùӵġ
ڻݣ˵ȥˡдġҵ꡷͡ҵĸסĻݣǰغܣֱȥɴȥˡ
͸̰ʵЩڡ
ĳϣΪ͹ˣ
Ȼڣ˻ϲⳡġ
Ͼ˼˵ףܹ鲻һˡ
̰˵㸵̰ϲԵĲˣĥôһ̰ӦòΪûаȫжţǼˡ
극ӹһլӡ
ٳ֣Ȼٸ󷽡
˷Ȼֱӵݸ˸̰ø̰š
ӹ״ͦġܵΪȣ
ҲԼúáǮ͸ϱܡ
ԹӹͻӢһ뿪ˣ̰ͻûߡ
̰ҪȥƽҽԺڻݣȥ¶Ժ
¸磬дġ˼ǡҸûҾȥ
¸磬ġɱ䡷д治ûд壿ܲҿݣ
¸磬ǩɣرϲ飡

һ·ϣߴߴ˵ͣ
ãڹ·Ҳɩˣ΢׽㣬Ӧûϵġ
ȻôţͿԼЦеؿ˹
ôôԾ
˶ȥ˵ˡСĺܣǶŵɣ
˵ظ
ݣֱԼϣΪӡ;Ҫڲͬˣһֱ֪Լʲôӣֱݡ
ںüסʶ㲩ִ󣬻ƯС㣬ʶ׽
ôţԽԽ׽ˡ
һ߻ȥģȵ˹¶Ժ
Ǹյκͤʹӹ¶Ժ˳εؿ񣺡ŮʿǸ鷳ˡ
κͤʵЩա
κԲԲ͵֮󣬾ȥæԼˣΪƽһ죬Сʱǰҵ
κͤԼ׵Ĺϵһֱá
ʱȻ׹ϵãΪԷĸף׵ĻģǰӣͶȢġ
ͽ˵ĸȴԽԽ
ֻκЩ鵽׷ָ
һ׳˺ʵͦɵģҲϲ
ףȻˣ
κͤǺ͵ģչκԲԲ֮󣬸Ƿǳм
ŹʱҪ͸񣬽׾ֵ˼ǰȥˣȥĹ¶Ժ
ɲãԽܵǣ׾Ȼ˵ʲôǸŮ˿Ÿҹϵǳˣ㵱̫̫ҲǿԵġ
κָͤԼĸ׳һܣȻˡ
ûϵʵκҲ̫񿴵κͤǸ
ʵûʲôĻۿκ򱻸ϳȥˡκкøУҲûᣬеͬλ
̫ˡ
ŮʿģһҸ㡣κֵͤ
κ֤֮ͤ󣬾ʹκԲԲ뿪ˡ
£˼鷳չŮˡ
һУ
һֱǵԭʷϣκͤɢκҲƲģʱţԼԲҪĶӣڡͻȻеκͤΪʲôҪôˡ
Ȼκͤ»бԭ
Ĳ˵˵κԲԲκͤκԲԲ۰ģôŶΪŮ㶫ҲҪ˰ʬ
е㲻ˣЦһ
ȫ濹սжʮ꣬ձϺκͤɢҲƾ˻жʮ꣬ʲô鶼пܷ
κͤߺ͸Ÿ̰ȥƽҽԺ
죬ҳ͸̰ദʱ仹Ȳϸ̰֮ǰŵʱ
¶ԺҪ׼꣬ͦæģ࣬ٲþࡣ
һʱ䣬ûȥֽıˡ
ȻʱҲûҪˡ
ҪˣˣѾûȥעЩˣܶ౨ֽͣˣҪ¿ǡ
ֵģȴ֪ĳЩƼⲻƽ⡣
Ǹƽˡ
Щ꣬ҲʿأȴʼҪָͳĻˡ
ܶ˵ĹΪԼĸıı䣬ġ
Щʿʿ鷳ߵ֮һ
֮ǰ¥ʵû֪ʱ俴¥ȴҲû˵ʲôϾǻܶ˶¥ӦЩͷģ¥
ѧϺȫϺ˶֪¥ʵ֮ȴ¥
һʮ߰ģԼ׵µдС˵ƾʲô׷
дĶȻûʲô˿
Դ˷ǳޣͿʼ̸¶¥ĲĻȻΧܶ˵ͬ
¥ôһʮ겻ˣдЩ鰮֪νĶôô˿
߾ϲҲϲдЩ
ЩͷǼʵġ
ǻȥѧϧѧѾ뿪Ϻˡ͸ɴԼڱֽ¥ˡ
ڱֽΪ¥˵֮ԽԽˣ鶼òô¥֮Ȼ˺ܶ࣡
Ϊкܶ˶¥߻һȺˡ
ٹҪˣڼп˸Ļᣬ̽Ʒֵ̽ͬʱȻҲٲһ¥
¥£ûʲôѧ裡
дŮˣһ֪ʲôûɫ
Ů˶ɱ䡷İһҪˣ
ϺĺܶŮˣǱ˴ģ



187 ҹ
գ, ͵˴ҹ
˧Ϻ飬Ѿֶ, ܶ˶Űݷ, ӹֻȼˡ
һ죬סڸ̰լģڶ, Ͱȥ˻ӢĴլס̰סȥˣŪ͸̰˶档
ҹһ³˽ӡ
ƽϺͷ͵, ҪˣЩȴš
ʱڼҼһڼ, ҲпԼŪ, Ҫȥԡ
Ҫ㽴ģûڼŪһڼ￪ʲôķڼ, ͳԲꡣ
ǳԵĽӣǸ̰ĳ͹ġ
аײݺ㹽֣һƤڴ߸ͱ, ڳһʮ, ˶ʮ
ԹͣʣµĻûĽúװϣǾ׼ȥ¶Ժ
꣬Ǵ¶Ժĺһ
ǻûžͱˡ
ȥţͿ˸̰
̰ЦŴк
̰ôˣЩȣǴҹԲӣΪ̰ôţڼ硣
㡣̰ǹ꣬ڹ¶Ժ
ǵġ
ܲܶӼˣ̰Һʹǣһꡣ
Ȼԣǹ¶Ժͦªġ
ûϵֻΪ˶ֵ㡣̰
ãӹͻӢԸ¶Ժ̰꣬ǳ˴ġ
չȥһڣǾһɡ
ȿȣһ̧ͷŷֻӹվڸ̰
Ӣ䣬ӹ෴䣬ɴõǵǵģž˾òǡ
ӹӢĹǱߣҪһԸȥǱߣȻٵ¶Ժꡣ
¶ԺǱû飬ҪˬشӦˣ˸к˻ӹĳӡ
ǻӹĸٿģӹڼʻϣ͸̰ں˺ܿ˻ӢĹ
ӢĹû󣬵ϴʱȣĽˣҲˡ
ʱ󲿷ֵĹ׶ǷżٵģӢĹûзż٣Ӣÿ˶෢Ǯ˵ǹҪӰ࣬ȻЩˣͻϲصڹˡ
Ȼ껹ҪɻǮأǮôǮ˵ֻǹʱɻˣǲ꣬ǶԸġ
οǸǹġ
Щ죬Ϊٽ׵ԵʣĻʳرã죬ֻҪһ磬ܷżˣ
ܷżҲˣǶٻ˼ʮͷ˵Ҫɱ˸ǹꡣ
ҹ磬ɱֻû³Ǹɵֺֿá
ѹͲ֪²Ӱ࣬ӢԭҲǴ׸ǷǮһǵģϾӢ׬˺ܶࡣ
͸̰һʱɱ
Ӣר˼ɱʦɱġ
ʱûóӪȫϣһ㶼ǳݵģ˷ҲǸǳԷҶӣôøǳԷͷһ꣬ܳѾ˲ˣŶС
ˣܰܶˣŸѪľͰһȥͱɱˣȻëͿƶǡ
ɱʦɵȻġ
ӹһĻͻȻСʱ꣬ڴľɱǴļɱѪһ֣ҼһܳԿڻġ
ӢԶʱӡڸ̰ǰʵûɱ
̰࣬˵࿴ͦƵģСҲࡣ
ӹͻӢ⻰ţ˾﷢ë
ӢǣеĹһȦһȥÿһطĹ˶ἤؿŻӢ˹Ӣͷ
Щ˶ᣬһϣǻѧ֣ѧӢѾһôˣ˺ܶ˲š
ֻ˺ܶ⹤ܿøáӢƼӵĹҲЩ
˹㳡ϣѾˡ
ɱõһСŽˮӽûһζͳˡ
⣬˶֮࣬ӢµĹ£ͷֻļԼ֮Ķˡ
һ꣬ǾͶ£ˣӢһȣЩ˽˻˵Щںţ˸һ𺰡
ǵ̾͵ˣһٱؿʼԶ
Щ
ΪһֽĹˣͦЩ˵ƳģвΧߣ˰óԵ廨
Ȼ󣬴һ߳һ졣
ô벻ҾȻܹĺӡ
ҳôͷһγô⣡
ҲͷһΰǶ꣬ȥͶӵģп⣬ֻܿܳԣΪ˼Ҿôһ⣬ȥҪóϳ棬³ʮǲܶġ
ҲһҲп㣬дβ£ÿӴ˴ŷ㻹ġ
ֻȥżңŲŻҳԿ⣡
ǶõˣҼǷծʱΪ˶ծˣ궼Լ

ʱľ˵ڵ
ɻȻÿ춼ԣҸʱ򣬾Լֱǵá
Ҳǣﻹ֣ι꣬ҶдŻؼˡ
Ǹˡ
һҪúŬѼ˽

ô˵ֻҪŬһܰѼ˽ԺҪ£Ҳûܵġ
θ磬ܵ ʡ
Ȼˣǲȥ֪жԺ˵ȫؿʱһҪܶܶ๤ˣҲҪܶ£
ܴθ磬ǽɣЩֵ
ô鲢ï
ãԼڵٺòˡ
¯֣һΪԼᱻ˴컯 
ι꣬Ϊֳɫ˸ĺװʮԪ
˿ͦģӢԱߵ¥ϣĻӡͦõġ
˵Ҫȫؿ
ӢѾǵǸΪɹڲٵˣΪ̫ӳȥǸˡ
ӢǵãߵȴǵãӢڶᵽ̾ĥҪλãᡣ
Ͼ٣Ǻܿ˵ģ
ĹˣԵǴĺ⣬µĻÿ˷ֵһӼһѼ⣬ڻӢˡǰɽ亣ζ
ˮεĵܵϷɵģʲôС
ִҲʶˣЩʳȴϲģˣӢرϲϺߵĳϺԣϧʱûˡ
νĳϺԣʵǳϺƣϺƸз𲻴һóԡ
ҿըϺͲ¿ǡӹûԹϺԣǺϲԼǰŵըϺβΪը¿ǡ
ϲĲˡ
̰ЩˣһμʶʱǮ˵ĺ
ڹߴ㣬͵˹¶Ժ
¶ԺĺǰЩһֱúֽʲôģֽƬǲûӵ΢ģͱýǽϣдĶ͸ӳɻԡ
һȥͷͮͮһƬرϲ죬йա
ã·ƿ̾˸к
սֹ¶Ժʱ·е컬ģһ㶼̤ʵռСˣѾˡڲ̤ʵϸɣĵչ˹¶ԺСĺӡ
һ㶼ĸı䡣
ִһЩڹ¶ԺĺӣΪԼûиĸ֮ԭԱʱĹ¶Ժĺӣǲ뷨ġ
ĺӣɲÿԵ磬ɲ֣ܶ
һ㶼Ա
¶ԺĺӶԼǳ⣬ҲϧеؽﵱǵļҵģҲŬҪøá
¶ԺĺǳԵҹҹĹ˳Եҹ࣬׼ĸǳҹͱȲԵˡ
ĶǷǳ򵥵ķˣǴм±Ѽǧų⣬㹽֮ĳˡ
ѹģҲϼҹʱرըˡ
֮ĵζϣһСĴ¹ըһٺգһˡ
ͷըʱ򣬻Ŵշӣһˣը裬ʵʵ⣬һ㲻١
ӹһһ˲١
ĸյ治ӢҲ佱
ǣ̵رóԡ̲סûȥǱߣһ춼ڹ¶ԺǿģԼæˣҲ;ãӾóԵӡ
ӹԸܵܣȲ谮Ҳȥԣ̬ȸ̰࣬ӢȴǲôģǴҹȴҲûҸ鷳
ڻݡĸķˣǲһݶһٿ䣬ŪϲزС
ԹһЩûĳʳκͤȥ
죬κͤһֱûκԲԲ͹Ҳ֪һЩϢġ
κѾϼȥˣκͤκԲԲϺ
ǸŮǹһģʲôóԵģĥ͵ԵĹȥ
񻹵κæûմԲԲ˵һǰһԲԲ͹
áӦˡ
֪κͤΪĸ׹鷳ԵʣŻ᲻κԲԲ͹񣬶ΪκͤĸףǨŭκͤκԲԲ
κͤԲԲ˰æһʱֺҵʵģκͤš
̰ҪҪһȥʸ̰
һ죬̰һ𣬵Ϊ˸Ա߻Եʣûôദ
ҵҪȥƽҽԺһˣܸһ𡣡̰ЦЦֱӻؼҰɣæ˺һꡣ
á
̰һߣ˸űְһ
ڣûãκͤס
κͤϺûзһСסš
סⷿӣҦҰ֮סСԺҪСһ㣬ܹҲ¥䷿¥䷿ûԺӡ
ͣ£һ̧ͷͿ¥ŵƻ
ţȻ¥ϵĴͱˣκͤӴ̽Դ˭
УҸ͵ԵĹ
κͤ
κͤܿ¥ţЦȥ꣬͸˳Եģˡ
㲻Եġ
ǲҲǰЩԵĻκͤкԲԲʱ˵ˣҪԶǾҹڶˣЩǿٳһ١
κͤ¥µ䷿һԷһȻֻһȴҲõúܡ
Ϸ̲ˣһ̼⣬һˣһпռ
ķ˷ƽҲʢˣڴҹžͺˣκͤҳ֮󣬾һֱԣҲ
¸磡κԲԲ¥
ѹһЦԲԲˡ
κԲԲ˵صͷÿ춼Ժܶ࣡
ԲԲԺҲҪԵ㣬ԽԽ󡣡ֵ
áκԲԲͷֵ¸磬ԺΪʲôҰˡ
¶Ժĺӣܶ඼ΪԺ裬κԲԲҲһ𺰡
æûչԲԲĻðְԲԲȥɡ
κԲԲصͷȥκְ֣ͤȥԺ
κͤеΣУӰб㲻̫⡣
κͤԣˡ
ؼǡе
κ֮ͤǰûʲô뷨ҵϣعˣҲû̫ġ
ϾС󣬼ˡ
ÿκԲԲȥȥӣƼŴֲ·ͷæͣȴŬѧϰӣȴԽԽкøˡ
ȻˣʱҲû롣
ֱȥ鷳
Ůӻؼ֮ԽԽգȻ뵽ҪǸһˣ治
ԲԲϲҲͦϲġ
κͤܿͿЦ
ƲκҵĲƲʵڲ䣬Ͼͦġ
ӹ׽⣬һ𲻽òôᱻĸĸ鷳񣬿϶ôˡ
ŮˣӻгϢǮһ˹Ӷ޸ûǮⲻǸԼ鷳
Ļκͤٲе㲻ڣܿʰԼ飬ӦǾ鷳Ůʿˡ
æúܣʱҲûȥǸ⣬ȷŲˡ
ŹǶдƪӡ
һֱԲԲд˼ƪʺϸӿС˵㿴Ȼˣʹ߰ɡκͤ¥ȥøӡ
κͤ¥ֱ鷿ķֽʶ̿ţʣ֮ǰκͤдġ
ҹдӡκͤĺ
ҲǡȻ¿ߣÿ¶κֺͤ죬κͤƽ￪ܴʱ򻹻ǮѧУȥܲסǮ
κͤҳ˼ƪӸʱһߣ̰ͻӹһһլǰ档
ӹһլӣѪǽͰѸý˽
̰˵ͷһԼϵǹ
׷ɱˣѾɵҪģĻʹˡ


188 
˵³һǴ, ˸شҹ
ϣҼһһá
, ԭɵլ, ȴ壬û˿ڵա
άºձܶط, ͿʼԭȵˣΪ꣬ԭһֱָ֧ĸģȻҲͲٹũꡣ
ϺΪæֻЩ֧ʵ, 糱
С˼, ԭŭ, ļƻʧܡ
˰ܸ̰ûɹԭǸ˵ģϾ̰˱Ҳ˵Ҷˡ
̰, ң
ԭɼ̾Ͳ߻ڶΰϧû֣̰ǻٵ飬عˡ
ԭܶһͨͨҽ, Իٶ֣˵̰߻һֱ˱
ֻʱ
ͬʱҲ桪پңˣ
ԭ, 鷳
Ǯȥܸ̰ǻܵ˻ٺͽ´ԣţ˧ϺõϢ˧ӢϺߵĸ˼档
ԭظоʲôܲá
ؼԲӣȴԼסдš
дţԭҪ֮ŽŷڣͻȻײ
ô£ԭʵˣҲͬʱʣʲôˣ
ǹ
ԭʶˣɿóһǹոóǹһǹ̫Ѩ
ԭ۾ȥϻŲŵı顣
û뵽Ȼ˸Ҷ֡
ԭɵ֮̾мǹʼ
ϸȷûл֮󣬻ӹ͸̰˲һ
̰ؿڵϵԭɡ
˳úͨڵ˶Ҳϲ֣ȴ˲鷳
ӹպǹ˾͸øɴؽʡϱĳ¡
ȷʵֿ̰ߵˣ׼õĶ
̰䣬˴һЩʬȻŸ̰Ҫ󣬷ڲͬĵط
̰ⲽ˿ֳŲһЩʬλãܿͲóһͽ֣ձͬھֳˡ
ȷûʲôˣֳִҳһЩļȻŴ뿪
ʱκͤס
õκͤдõĸ¥֮κԲԲҪԷκͤŮ۳ĺܣͰκԲԲԼȲˡĲ˶ˣһ²óԡ
һμκͤʱ򣬾Ǹ߸ϣһκͤһֱǰ裬ԽԽӵڡκͤȻ濪ͷСջˡ
κԲԲʵ֣ߴߴظκͤ˵źܸˡ
ͳô˻ῴκͤдĸӡ
¿ճʱκͤдӣʱдĶԺ˵ЩȤ̫ʺڽ¿Ͽǣȥκͤĸӡ
ͻȻ֣κͤӵķ磬ķȻ෴
Ӳд÷ǳ׻ͯȤͽ壬رȤ
У⼸ƪӶдúܺãһȫڽ¿ϡ
ҲôãκͤһЦԲԲ£֪СӶʲôˡ
ǰκͤδӴӣҲûһѧƷȻ֪ӽҪôѾ·ˡ
κͤҵҲӵģͬʱ𣬺ܿȺ˲ˣһԵ㡣
ҳԺûãͲˡЦ뿪
κͤ뿪ֱӻ˼ҡ
ڹ¶Ժźֻ꣬һˡؼûã̰ҵķš
ûж˵ʲôֱ֮ӾͱһȻͻطһ󣬸̰Ϣ¥ˮ
ûˮҪֻգҲ鷳ˡ
ˮϴ֮󣬾ѾҹˣȻʱʱأб
һϣŵʱҪỴ̈Ԥʾſź죬˵ŵԽ磬µһԽܺ˵ܶ˼ҵ˺ҹͻŰ̷ˡ
§Ÿ̰Ժ˯ˣʱ򣬾͵˴һ
µһ굽ˡ
ʱյ͸ˡ
͸̰ƽﶼæһ죬ȴѵõʲôɣڷ￴һ飬ҲͳԷʱһ㡣
ǺУЩȴæѲˣһæȥˡ
߰˸ձˣһլ
ҹӣȻɱѲ˶Щơ
ӣ˭Ըȥ鰸ѲټϽ´Ǵк
ǿװֳ֮󣬵ͽ᰸ˡ
Щձˣ֮ǰϺߵϵߵúָܽʹ˺ܶ£᯳£´һٱȣʱЩձ˾Ȼ׿᯲ˣ
žΪ᯵ǱԭɵլӣԭɱլУΪԭլ˷𷴿ԵʣЩ֣ԭɵɱˡ
˫ͬھ
Ȼˣųǰԭɵ᯵£ѵġ
Ӻܿжȥ֮ûôˡ
һֱ죬˱ֽ֪ձϺˡ
ЩģϾձ˺ܻáҵĵˣҪһУĲ˵Ϻ¼ձɮϺձҪ
Ȼνձɮ˱ʵͷβǱ߻ġ
ձϺձ᲻ʲôУ˭ģ
飬üͷ
ڵģ̰ʡ
ûСûģձȻǵĹһ񣬵ʱûȫǹҵĴ㣬ˣǾΪձϺȥŭȴǰֻ
̰Щձˡɱģ
ԭûӡ
ͦģǵЩֻսзеձ˵֣ǰƶʮ꣬ʱйձ˵֣ܼ¾͹ˣ
ǵԭɣȴ֪ᯡ
Ϻ̯ϵĴ֮һļУ´±֮󣬾ðͷֱŪˡ
ڣ´ûˣ˼ձˡǰ˽´йأҲӦбԭ
̾͸̰׷ɱˡ
̰ǵҪģڻ˸ԶԸ̰ǳӵĻ˧
ôµģ̰Цſֵʵɱġ
̰˵ʱһֱڹ۲һûбֳʣ飬Ǵô᲻ᱻձ鷳
׷ɱǴμ̰ǹ֮Ѿܸ̰ɱˣ治ھòܽܡ
ýᱻ鷳̰ЦӢҪ֣ʩѹҪ罻ֵ䷽ӲŲ˵ǿӲֶαҪը˹
ӢŲϽֵĹֻ첻ˣӢһʱҲû취
ȻˣҪԭӢȹңȫڴ̡
һսڼ䣬ձõ˷ٷչǵĹҲһ⼸귢˼ҡ
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ڣŷ޵սݱ׳£Ӣ鲻Ҳ鲻ʱԸӢ
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ûܱסԼר20ðܶ๫˾ʼ˾ƥˡ
ˣҲˡ
֮󣬾ͰԼĿ˸̰
һѶ硣̰
ֵǳߣ̰֪ԼĶ磬Զƿżģһ֪ǲܵġ
ԭˣûϺʲô
ԭйǴ¼ģϵݣֻһˣӢʩѹ£ձû׷
ôϢʧˣͬʱһڼ̵ʱϺ
̰ƽҽԺΪ׸ֵҽԺ
һʱ䡭ƽҽԺͥУ
ڼ䣬ҽԺġ⡱ͺܺãƽҽԺֳ̰ۡһʱ䶼еæˣ
ͬʱҲ֣ƵĲ֢֮ǰ¶ĸࡣ
ֱ׷ȶȸߣǻҵ˺ܶࡣ
ӢԴ˸еԺϧ˧ôģغܡ
˧ͷβʲôʿһֱǸ־ɹӵߡ
ȻǲԼĶ겻ؼҵġ
ҹ죬һӶߡ˧ŭ˼ʮ籨
̰ں˧̬ȣӢҲ̫ףӹͬ
ӹ˧úúõģǾͻȻġ
Ϊ죬ӹ˻𳵣ɽȥ
ˡ
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ӹͻȻߵҲ죬ϺߵһˣɵҪ飬˲С̰ˡ
֮ǰٸձͻҲû˧Ϻλٱ׷ɱû̫صˣ˧صϺˣˣϺꡣ
֮ǰһֱĬĬŵĻ٣ǲ򵥡
ȻˣҲ˹ע𸵻λһעǾȷһ¡λ̫̫Сүڻûʲôλ
ȻĲ˵Ͳȥƽѧ
Ҳǣٻٻپ˵һĸͬģܳɫ£Ļлʲô¶
Ϻߵ˶ע̰̰ÿӼμӾۻᣬҾӴҲӴ
ǣأЩ˵⣬ʹ򵽻ȥˡ
λٻٻͬͬĸĻС绪ïúмʶȢؼңôúܡ
ڼ̵ʱͳϺ׷Ů֮һ
ʱġɱ䡷ѾڴڱصŮװˣˣҲϴ
ĳŮѧ
Ůѧš
ʵ˾塣
Ҹ˵Ҷ飬ΪҸ߼ޣҲҺ
ƼƼȻˡɱ䡷͸֪ŮӹһˣҪȥǳ¥˵ˣһʱ򣬿һĺȷԼܳܣȥ㲻Ҫɵ£
Ҳɵ£ֻǲˡѧôණҪǲʲôǲ˷ˣ
ȷʵǽֻмôһ·ߣǶҲͺˡ

һĻϣҲһЩۡɱ䡷
Ҿ¥£һҪȥ˵ĴǲǸǹҵĴеͬ⻼
дģȨ
Ѿʼ׷ƽˣǹңܶԼƿأʵڿɱ̾

ȻˣôڣĳЩô䣬ߣʵͿڡ
񽻺õĹһʱ飬һͺۿ
Ⱒ
ڰϣԼӰˣͷ̥˸ŮŶǸ
ɷ򣬸ɷûʲô
ӵ飬дȥϣԺܼ޸Ϲôࡣ

Щȫ˳˼·ߵģʲôм䣬뵽ʲô
ҵǾãеǸС㡣и˰ԼǰȫƵˣ
Сûһӣ˵˲⣬ǸС㣬һʼкܶϲģܶͿ֮󣬾ûϲˡ
ѵǲʡ
ôһʣҶĬǡĶеС㡣
ƵŮʱĥšҪҪȥ飿
ЩˣͶСˣɷߣҲòС
֮ǰǶ۲ΪȥܵģڿôŬظıԼͻȻҲ˸ıĳ嶯
ǵɷ˵˵Ƕ飬ǲ˵ʱ򣬾ܸ˵ϼˣ
Щ˶˼
ɱ䡷Ϻ˹㷺עǲ˵Ҳڽ£˹Ű㣬Űδ
Ҳˡͷ
Ҳʱһڵϣ±ˡ
ϣ±༭֮󣬲ûͣ
ӢɲǻвˣԶֻȥвˣûбвġ
ǣȾ棬ϣ±Ҳӡ
ϣ±һ㡣
ףΪ¿ûرȷĶλ
¿רŸǿȫʺϸӿĹ£ڶĺӣкӵļҳȥ
ڱǸרſС˵ıֽû¥£ҲбС˵С˵ˣ϶ȥ
ϣ±ǵĶͱȽˡЩһڵϣ±ϿԼϲĶһڣȫԼϲˣ£Ȼȥ
ǣûϣ±ϿС˵
ûҵС˵ϣ±Դҵ͸ˡ
죬Щһˡ
һϰſڷһӣһֽֽдţµϣ±С˵
֡ţȾӡ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ˸⣬£ҵУȻȥġ
ܶ˶߽꣬ϣ±
ϣ±Ǻгģٰ뱾ǵĶҵС˵ε£ͷ˼ˡ
ͷдģһԱɵС檵𽵹ζţ֮ͻȻԼһª
ΪǱ˶磬ܿͷ֣ԼȻأ
һŮˣ
Żˣչ֮ԼǱ˸ոձԼС檡


189 ٿȫ
Сǡ, ԼС檵ѧҵλС, Դ䡣
Դĸ, Ȼײûн飬ΪĸܵܶԵʣŶЩ, ҷǳĻˡ
ѧҵԴĺѣԴУʶԴ֮󣬾͸ԴдһЩźʫ裬Դ䱻´, ϲ
ʱԴ֪, ѧҵо, һ̫̫ˡ
Դʹ࣬Ϊѧҵĵ˵ԴջǸѧҵѧҵ̫̫֮һ
˸һʱ, ҲһɪӣȻѧҵһϷӣѧҵȻ֮ؼС
Դѧҵ˼ܣѧҵûǰȥ, ߸˵׿ȥԼմؼеϷ
ԴǾ, סѧҵϲˡ
ѧҵϷӣִŮˣʱƣԴ㽥ѧҵԺǳͨһС檡
ҲʱѧҵϲһŮѧ
ѧҵãԺŮӶûĻֻǸŮѧģذǸŮѧΪöԷ޸ԼҪԷٰ
Դ䵱ûлġܲһ㣬ѧҵٴΡȢޡ֮ǰѧҵܲ˵ѧҵһơ
ѧҵͰԴ
ڣѧҵһԼԴ䣬Ժţ˷ȥѹû˵ʲôԼԴ䣬ѧҵǻˡ
һߣԴһͻȻԼһͨͨķ߻˸ʮ߰Ů
ͬһɿشӴȻͷر졣
ճΪѧҵС檵ʱ򣬾סѧҵˣͲòȥˡ
Դҵһ澵ӣȻͷԼѧҵ
סˣ·ȥҡԼȻԼԺѵˣ˷ȥ˵ѧҵ
Դ·ߡ
һ·ȥѧҵ̹ףһӦ˳취廻ΪԵʣôܸѧҵ
һ·ǲȥܱԼѧҵúѧҵ
Դԥѡ˵ڶ·
Ѿѧҵٲѧҵܻת⣬ˣֺαѧҵʱ򣬻Ҫȥѧҵģ
Դ䵱ôϲѧҵ
ѧҵд飬һسдԼ֣øѧҵࡣ
ѧҵÿ仰ÿ֮ӡĦ
ǵѧҵеİã˽ѧҵЩѡ
ԣֻҪСһЩܰݺѧҵ
ȻˣҪǣû˻ѧҵ£ˣȻû˻ỳ
Դص·
ǰ·ϵУҪʹܣڵԴ䣬Ѿû뷨ˡ
֪ոռ޸ѧҵõŮѧһǱѧҵƭˣŮѧû˿Ķ⣬еͬ顣
ԼѧҵʱѧҵӣźŮѧദȻȥѧҵĵط
ѧҵ·ȫûзѧҵĵطЩǾȵؿȻַ׷׿㡪ոյ˸ˣȻڶˣ
Դôѧҵ
ҵĹ£ȤģһҲѶá
ҵͷ֮󣬺ܶ˲û飬ȷһͣˡ
˽֮󣬷һڵϣ±Ѿȫ̲ס͸ڷĵ˵λϵܸ򡣡
ҪΪʲôȥԱã鿴˲Ȼͷ֡Ա߾ȻѾûˣ
æԼϵ飺ԼҪ򣡡
ԭ鿴ˣԥǮȻɿ뿪˶ϵ飬Ҫ
ûƼˣʱϰó
û뵽㾹Ȼϰ壡
˷׷Ǯ飬ȻͼҴҵػؼҿȥˡ
֮󡭡˶ץӷε뿴ݡ
̫Цˣ
ҵ뷨࣡
ѧҵ̫ùˣͣ£˵˷ӣ

⿴µˣر֡
ϲˡȴ̲סҡͷ̾Ϣ
£ʵͦзġ
Ĳ˵Դѧҵһ㣬͹ˡ
ȻˣЩ˿Щ֮󣬰̾ȡѵȴҲڿ֮󡭡߳ŭ
Ȼڱַֽȴ˵ҵĻ
ڡȾĨڡձˣձ˷ŭֵõͦ鷢֮󣬾ûʲô˸ȥ˵ҵĻˡ
ձڹͦõģ˵ҵĻвͻᱻձ˵߹ǲԸġ
䣬һֱҺƳ硣
ˣҵС˵УȻҪȥġ
дģʲô
⡶ǡĪϤĸо
ԼΪ⡶ǡѧҵʵЩ񡭡
ŭգ޲˺źá
ƫƫˣһѣȻ佱ңС˵ʵӱѧҵܡ

÷
ҪǷ˵̫࡭˷ΪѧҵһģһǿǺã
ĬĬأеĻʻԼ
òΥĿ˼䡣
̰ǰͶҺӣҵϣ±Ͻпǵʱܻϣ±Ǳ߶ӡһЩ
֪Ҿ֮͸ˣֱϣ±һӡʮ
ִ־ʮݲʲôʱڣһ־Ҫʮݣǹƾǵ֮ȫһˡ
ʱڣ־һʮݵģڣﵽһ򣬾ܳΪϺǰʮ־ˣ
ϣ±һʼ̰ôҪʱԼˣȻ̰ţǿһ飬ˣ̰ڰӡˢ飬ȾҲӡһЩ
ԣƼˡ
̰͵ģȥһ˽Щ˵ȥ
ʱ־ʲôģΪʲôߣΪͨ㣿
ϣ±ͽ¿־ΪͼԵʣ˺ϾȵأҲˣںܶУʵ򲻵־ġ
Ȼ򲻵ȻҲû
黹־ҪܶȥһЩط϶ܶܶ࣬ΪʲôûôɡΪ˷̫ˡ
ǧһЩ־ȥܻϼǮ⹦򣬻ϺЩȥ
Ĳ˵ӢĹŦЬʲôģȥͱ׬öˡ
ѱ־ŪȥԶĵط׬ǮͲ˵ˣǮڡ̰Ǯҵ˵ȫظȥ
ôø֪¥ңкôġ
ֻҪ󣬽Ҫ鷳ҪȵһԼˣ
ŭ飬ĸףҲȥ
ǣһ磬Ϻ๺ϣ±ʱ򣬻ӢֵµһЩˣһ飬뿪Ϻ
ЩͰ
ѾҪűˣѾԶһ棬ʹ˺ܶӢĹĲƷҺ¥飬׼ǰϡ
ЩˣһʼֻٵĹԭϵģڻٵĹĲƷԽԽ࣬ǾͿʼˡ
ջٵ˵ȻԼƷ׬ǮΪʲôԼ׬Ҫ׬
Ǿ͸Լ
Ƕ˵̫ˣ
Ǯ϶Լ׬
˳飬òò
ؾˣ̫˻ûҪ
Ҳһ˾ûҪˣúһ£϶Ҳ׬Ǯģ
ڴòƿװŵ֣ĥҪôˡ
ôһܹ˻ٵڴ
˴ϣ±뿪Ϻʱڽ¿༭Լĸӡ
ǡ飬һ¿ֵӣڡɱ䡷ֱ˸ڴڱǣÿοǧ֡
ϰߣÿдǧ֡һҲͲżϸˣпġ
ıˣֱ緭뷭ֵ÷Ķ
ģȥ꿪ʼİٿȫĸӡ
ٿȫһ׵ģǳ֮࣬ȻѾķ룬ñ˰ŷһЩҲûн֮ȫãֻһȻԼֱдһЩӽȥ
ЩЩѾڽ¿Ͽǹˣȴûпǹģڣ㽫֮档
飬ӢĶġһͼ۳ۡ
鸽ḽܶͼֽ뷨һҳ͸һͼȻдŷ޷ȥڶҳԽܵԲģϸддתת֮࣬Ҫصͼ
ͼҪҸ˰ԼУҲ֪Ǳ༭ı༭᲻ử
ĥҪ˸Լͼ¿ľ¥ݱ˲ˡ
˵ĽŲ졭ûţתͷȥͿһװƤЬŮˣ󣬻¥µһ༭
˲ǻ˭
ʢԽһֱڽ¿Ǹסģ֮ѾԼİ칫ܳˣݣˡ
̰ĸʱǴĴ˶̰ĸףԳúÿݣͬĸס
Ҳˣܻ磬ܻᴩ·ֺáʢˣҲûôģ㡭ã˭
ʢһʣһһԼض˵ĳгۡ
ĸһֱ˵Ҫܶ󣬸òɣ
ʢôţŻݵʱ۾ˡ
Ȼݿһۣü
Ϻʱ䲢ȴѾüϺߵĹӸ׷ˣڶһ˷ǳûøС
ݣôˣʡ
Ϊ̰ԵʣѾѻݵÿˣҲֱ˻ݵ֡
¸磬ģ߿ݵ
ǸŻһı༭ʱӻݵ̽ͷ࣬ԭλСѣ
ֻ֮˵ģȴ˵Լ˭Ūе㵣ģصظλСʵʶ¥ġ
һᶼǲЩŮŮѧģ᲻ˡ
λǻС㣬ǽλһ»ݡ
ĻС㣿ǲǻٻٵãҴС⼸Ϻıֽ춢ŻС㣬ڱֽϱС٣ȻʶС㣬ȴġ
û뵽ôȻûС¥ı༭ؿһۣ¥ȥˡ
ʢȴʧ䡣
ʢ֪̰ϵãû뵽СĹϵȻҲôá
ǰ϶벻Сˡ
ϾñãѧʱãᡭΨһܳĵطǼеǮ
ֻǼСӣԺҪ֣Ҳֲ̫ǮԽ׬Խࡣ
ʢԴ˸кʧػԼİ칫ҡ
ݵһˮӦҲġ
ᰡӦСɱ䡷ݰɣܸҿ𣿡ڴؿ
ݽһֱ¡
Ϻߵ£ϲϲŷ޺Ϻߵ˵һ㶼ϡ
˼;ˣϿӶϣ±ʹڱ֮󣬻Ȳ뿴ݡ
ʵ֪ǡôˣ˭˵綼֪뿴ҲûÿֻҪɱ䡷ĸˡ
ֱӾͰԼĸ˳ݿ
Ÿӣýζ
ʱ˿飬һһ֣ϸϸضģݿҲͺһСʱҲͰĴ忴ˡ
֮󣬻Ҳʱע⵽ĸӣʲô
ҴһٿȫͻȻ뵽ʲôˣ᲻ửʱˣŶգκͤͻửҲѧ
ᰡҲửˮīˮƽҲһ㡣ݵѧǽҪͼֽ
֮ǰ治֪ѧľȻǽȻˣѧͦõģܰһͼ𣿡
Ҫʲôʡ
˵ֽӢİİٿȫóûݿͼƬ
ҪĶǺܼ򵥵ĶֱӵЩû⣬ܰ㻭ֱûйߣҪȥܻ
ߣʡ
Բ氡߰ʲôģ̫ȵܶ࣬Ҫܴ󣬵ҪСһ㣬ҪСݵ
ʵҪݻþ׼ϸһ־ãл
Ҫлҽܼ飬û¿뿴顣ݵ
в飬뿴ԼȥҡָָԱߵܡ
ϣźֵܶÿС˵оͰӡˢġڰ󡷺͡Ⱦ
û飬Ͽˡǡ֮Ѿסˡ
Ҳ룬ˡڰ󡷿Ȼһˡ
ʱˣʰһԼĶȥлݣݣȥˡ
ŶӦһȴ᲻÷Լϵ顣
ٿɡ
һһ߿ݵ̫ÿˣ
ȷʵЦ
ֻ˵¸磬ҾԸѧѧҲдС˵ؿС˵ÿûдӱҡҽ鿴ܣʵϲ

лҪ˵
֪ҲıѪ
ֵ֪֮ͬıѪ


190 ͼ߼
緹, ĳȥƽҽԺԣ˳㸵̰
ͻݵƽҽԺʱ, ƽҽԺ, еڹҺţеĹ˺ڵš
˲˶ȥҽԺʱ, ĳǳټֻ˵ֵ̫ˡһˣǳġ
Ϊ̫̰࣬òҽƽҽԺͬʱ, ԼҲǰôС
ʱ򣬸̰ոոһ̨
̰ļͺܺ, ֮, ּ˺ܶ࣬ڲϺߵҪطˣҪʱ, Ҳǧ
̰춯Ķ󣬾һصشӺβĲˡ
̰ʱһֱǴ׵ģ, ժԼϵף÷ϸϸϴ֡
ָݳϸ, Щطűļ롭߹ȥͬ˷ϴ֣ʣ̰绹𣿡
С̰ҰȡǶӵ
ʱЩս֮ûõõƣֻӵߵƬǶԼ˺ʹġ
˭ʡ
̰˵һͦϤ
ִʱû֣ʱ֮󣬵ΣĳֵµĽ죬˵̸ֵͣкüı
Ϻֵģ˳Ҷ̰
˵ͷ
ִúܱˣҲ򵥣ʱ¸ָ̰о˴ֵķֵɺ鷳ˣǿֱӳԵƬòƿװעҺ
ĲƿͲˡڣҩ۵Ĳ࣬ϺҩģҲǸĴˡ
ϴ֣˾һ̰Ϣȥһһ졣
Լٿȫ顷˵ˣ̰һֱš
˵ط֮Ӷ̾Ͷˡ
ϣһǳʽ߲ˡ
һɫСôǼˣּһЩⶡ֮࣬ž͸ߵ
ھȻҲbroccoliЩϲ
ԭʱû治֪ⶫǰûУϾϱӣСͿʼˡ
̲˻вá̰һ䣬ʻݣôһ
ȥ¸￴ˡݵ磬ڲע⵽𣿡ղĵøˣȫġ
Уǰ̫ˣȻвˡ
ݿ̲סеۺ졣
֮Ҳչˣ
ôڲſ㣿̰ؿ˻һۣȻȥ˵ˡ
ݣ
ˣõˡ
ӡ
磬ٿȫ顷ĸȫãֽҪͼһһкãȻͰлȥͼˡ
ԼǷոӡˢɲġ˿硷
˿硷ǰѾ꣬ӡˢˣۡ
Ѿ1917ˣΪףǰƹ˱Եʣһ飬˱㡣
Ȼеģ˱֮鿴ܶࡣ
ϳԹͺ͸̰һ˼ҡ
˸լӣӹһլӣ˲ûаߣסϵط
һǷ㸵̰ڰҵķӵﴦһ棬ΪŮˣҲǶס
Ǻܻǵġ
ҵԺǽϿһⶴûаš
һͷˣ̰һЩӶ˱ڣ˳ҵӴɨɾչ
ڣϻؼңԼˮϴˣҲڵͱùȡá
Խʱ֮󣬼һֱΪģϴļܸˣͻȻź򡭡
Ҫ˶ãԼЩܣ¾Ҫˡ
ڶ죬˿硷ˡ
¥һһܺÿȻܶѾڴڱϿⲿС˵ˣУһȥˡ
ȥ˻ϾҲ֪һȥҲĵġ
˿硷۲𱬣ʵܸߣһǳ˼飬ܶ˶ԸϾʱ򿴿֮ϸоʵҵȹ
˿硷еͬʱȥﻧ
ǰﻧΪ˶ԵʣγһСгֻʣһյˡ
ԴƽҽԺʼ֣ӢͲ߳ˣȻҲûˡ
֮ǰЩҽʲôģյϴЩҲˣⲢЩҽӸˣﻧİս֮ˣȻ˷ӡ
һͰ棬һЩҽǷӵĲ
ιΪ˰ѧУ顣
ĥҪѧУˣֻʱ̫࣬Ҳʱ˻ڣпˣϵˣһ
ҪѧУкüؿѡ۸񶼺ܺʡǹԱظܡ
ȴûӻʣڻ˻ɺ𣿡
Ѿûˡ˵εߣر죡ǰôһЩˣ˵˲Ҫ֮𣬲ϽŪһֱ˻βһΪò˲ܵõƣܳԺõģû˰Ѳ˲𣬻бûҪװܿû˵òˡ
Աô˵ʱˣҲЦЦȻϸѯصļ۸
ﻧũˣﻹסźܶˣûĸǮظǷؼҲͷǳˡ
һƬأҲͻ󣬶ϣѧУ
һѧУְҵѧУ
֮ҪֳΪһУһŮУ
ʵŮѧУҪôˣܻղŮѧɴͷˡ
ѧУĴ㣬ϺԼϺܱߵĵײ
СѧʮµĺӣŮգÿѧԪŮѣѧУһ緹Ҫڹѧѧγ̣Сѧࡣ
ְҵѧУʮϵŮȻˣҲʵſһЩʮĺǶ»ɻҲԽ
ְҵѧУѧϾͷְѧ֣ĻΣѧУѧѣһͺסޣᷢУʽеѧͽ
ŮְҵѧԺƣֻڵļͬѧ̵ܻľ֮ļŮѧ̵ľ·֮ˡ
ͬʱŮҪǱֳɫܻѧļѡһЩ̵ʹûҲѡһЩŮ̵ҽ֪ʶ
ѧУǴʵģȻѧǹɻܵõһЩ棬϶׬Ǯά֧ƽ⣬Ѿллˡ
ѧУҪΪõײİնѧ㶫ıǵǹһЩϣǶõ֪ʶҲʵ÷ŬӢ֮ûбҪĶɴͲˡ
ȻˣҪѧرֵҲԻǮȥƽѧ
ѧУҲȥ˵˵ְҵѧУһһǧ˵ĻʮһˣʮˣʶֵļˣһûУЩѧ̵ܽ
οҪѧУúãԶ켸еѧ
ЩеԶˡ
ѧУûн
дϸؼƻ飬ȥϵʵĹ˰Ƿӣôڵʱ򣬻ݰѡٿȫ顷Ҫͼȫˡ
ݵĻ滭һ㣬ͼиôǾдʵҪġ
ݻͼ֮ԼĸӺͻݵͼȥ³
飬ģЩȫ˳Լдģעˡ¥
壬ЩӣЩҷģЩҿдģҲܱ֤ȫȷ˼һ£ȻӡˢСⱾİ˰һֲҪֻϣۼۣԱһЩ
³ѾڿЩˣľȼˡ
³Ϊҵӡݵ࣬ҲǼʶģĲ˵Բһ㣬ͺ
ԵתתЩ˽ȴ࣬Ҳ֪ԭ̫ô
к֪ܶʶҲ³˽ģ˵ѩγ֮ࡣ
ôһ̾ʶⱾļֵˡ
ƹ㿪úܶ棡ǹҵѧ˽磡
ôӣӡ飬ͱעһͶˣǻǮһļ۸ۡ³
֮ǰġӢĶġһǵģñӢĶĻҪˡ
ҵӡļ۸飬׬ʲôǮģϾ鲢
⣬Ҳԭġ
ӢĶġ飬ǸѧӢĵ˿ģѧӢĵˣҲȥ
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ʱѾ鼮˺ϳɳ
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˵ط֮һլӣЩ飬ȻҲȸߵĶӣμĻᡣ
ͷĶˣʵǮ˻ȨƵˣǮȨƵˣֶ顭
һЩͷ佫ǵ㲻öˣԻٵһҲûˡ
Ļ죬֡
Ȼͽȫ˳˿չʾԼĸƷ
´ɱ´ЬŦۣ飬ܻӭ
Щ顭Ļϣܶ˶һû꣬Ļͽˣƫƫﻹ͸ǡ
ﵱȻ͵ģʾЩʵģЩ飬һ
鿴һˣϣͷԸˣЩһȥˣǶǮЩÿ
ҲˣﻹһЩˣװȥˡ
죬ɳĳſڣ˳ӡ
һȥݺȲͷŲϽũ񣬱ȥѧУѧȵȵȵȣ·ˣôˡ
һôĶ飬Īǵͼ
֮ǰмӿţͷһȥǵˣ͸ǵ˿ɶˣ
ʲôͼģ
Ϻ飡ǿϺ飬˵رÿ
Ҽүÿһ
Ҽүÿˣ

Ŷӵ˷׷˵ţ˵һ룬ֲ˵ˡ
ſˣ
ЩƼſˣææؼȥȻûһһˡ
ò飬ڸֵ˰æ᣺ʮͭԪҰƼȥ
Щһ˺ü׵ˣֱ֮ȥͳˣ
˶ǰֵġ
һ̯Χ˺ܶ˵Ļ㲻򣬶ȥ
˸ˣҲˡ
һϺ鱻Ϣ̾ʹˣ
Щ˻أе֪µҲ򡭡
һҪĽǣҲ̫˰ɣЩ˶ŵˡ
ϺۺܸߣϺֻһǮˣҲͣ£ߵıӡˢӡˢ飬ȻҲϺıˡ
Ķƽ飬һǮ㹻ڣЩνϺ飬ȻҪĽǮһ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ǴϺģܲ𣿡
Ķˣˣ϶һ㣡
ҿˣб㣬ž͸𴦵鲻һ

˷׷˵Щֿ䡣
Ȼȥ꣬ѾᳫʹñˣܶӡˢڣûϾȥƱӡ飬ӡˢ磬ûӡˢʲôб
ĶˣȻ˱ֽдı÷Щطǲ̫˽ģϾ̫ˣ
ӡ˱ۡ
ܶһҧһ飬ǮĲģȻëǮ˱־
黹־ͷбģһܿ
һ죬Ŭ֮£һֱˡ
ʱÿ鶼ǧΪҪףͷһ죬ÿ龹Ȼһǧ
ܶʱûõϢأӰѾҪ˶ãܰˣ
뷨ûġ
ɳǺϵʡУǳ֮кܶѧУʶֵ˾͸ˣ
һطҪϺһ鲻ףǧûġ
ĶˣôŶֻǧ
󡭡
Ϻİ
͸Ϻ˾˶رϡһˣҲϺĶϡ
ε飬¥ҵģˣ
ҴϺ飬ҼĹЩ飡ǱΪĽһҸҼĹʷѶֹĽǣ
֮һû˯ˣ̫ÿˣ
飬Ҳ֪Ҫôãĺֵã
Ҫûе鶼ϡ
ܲܽҳһ

ԽܹҲ꣬߾ˣͲ֪¥ңȴһ¥ȣһȡ
ЩˣǵΪ١
飬ûпǮ׬һʡ
Ҳʱҵ˵Ҫһˡ
ļ磬˺ܶ£ҲҵģҪǣҪˡ
ҪȥԼĸĸɨĹ


191 
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鶼ͦģɶ, Ҫǰ, ߡ
ǰûȥǵʱÿǰҶȥһ游ĸ, ⼸꣬һֱûȥ֮ǰ첩Դȥ϶ȥˡ
ϺԶʵϺסŵĺܶˣǽհǨġ
ÿ껹, ϺȥҲв٣֮ǰЩ, 첩Դÿ궼ȥġ
Ȼ, ȥΪ˸ĸĸɨĹҪҫһ첩Դ̸ĸĸ֮ǰͷһѵֵܣЩֵڶò, 첩ԴǷǳÿȥ˷еġ
񵱳첩Դÿĸǰݲݼһ¾ߣÿֻŸǰֵһ𣬺ǲ, ǻɨĹ첩ԴΪʲôϵӲݶԸΡ, ˼ʶŪ첩Դ뷨
ǸûȥǲŹģʱڣбҪȥɨĹ
ţȥ游ĸɨĹ游ĸҲҪȥ
˵ͷ
Ȼѧȫûо׵Σԭүүԭĺá
ԭСʱԭ棬ԭ飬ԭ˯ԭȫǳ䵱˸׵Ľɫġ
ԭãҲ˵ȥĸɨĹ¶޳ȥŮóȥˮʱҪ׼ĶҪǣ޵Ů˻ûȥɨĹģȥˣҲֵǼݵʱ򣬸ſĸͷ
µÿǰһ죬ȥһ죬ĸĸ¼Ҵ߸ɫƷԭһȥ
ԭ̣ԭҲǼõġ
Ǹͦˣ֮ǰݵʱ򣬶ԭЦеģЩҲڿҲǺԭүүȥѧ˱֮Ƣˣʼ
ϸ룬Ҳ⡣
Ǹûʲôʶ̫̫һ£ɷĹϵܺá
ͻȻɷȥͺˣֱӽӵһȫİĵطӲҲˣˡ
һʱô飬ֺ̫̫Ǻǵؾ͹ˣ
һ꣬һֱ̱ڴϣʺ򶼿ƲסƢ͸ˣҲԭȥʱ΢˵㣬ȴܵݣԭݵһС
̫̫ͦġ
ȻˣҲʱͬǴȫȻİĵطţƫҪչ˸̱̫̫
֮վյʱʱȥݣͶסϼ졣
˵֮ͿʼƵƵ
ݣҲЩѵģЩѾüûġ
ѣ¼˳ʲôģҲθԭԭ
òŬ䣬ܽĻ
ȻˣֻС£æģҪǽѧУ飬ΪܰѧУãɴ˻׳
ʱǮ˸ǷӣǲôʵԵģһôƯô
ʱ˸Ƿӣ͸ʵˣ϶ǸǸķмյķӣɼסˣˣԼѧУеҪġ
ÿԶཨ㣬һ¥Գһŷ䣬һŷ䣬ÿɹ·̨
¥ͽĲҪרŵԡҡ
Ҷ߶Ҫϲ

һñ⹴һ߸ݽ͡
û⣡һڴӦ˵Щڹʶģһûϡ棺ʵÿҶװ㡣
ûÿҶװϴ䣬԰ɣʡ
ݿ϶صͷ
ؿ֪ˮ綼ҪʲôǮ𣿡շѰѧУ϶ͨˮ罨ɹؼǣѧУǲѧѵģ
ԣ˵ͨˮˣһССңҪסʮˣ㲻̻ѧУѧԼֲԡ
˵ֲˣ뵽ֳ
Ϻû˸ģֳȥ϶׬١
ͷֻ룬ͷˡ
ֳҪϣͷ˶Բʳϣ
ϧũҵһϲͨû취Ūʳİ취
ѧģѧĲô
ڻңСģǸճǻټѣҲټÿմڼﲻóȥʵûʲô࣬ȻҲͲӹӢ̰һںƴŬ
ڹѧʵеӣõҵ֤ˣҲѧЩ
æѧУԼ֪ʶͬʱʶԼĲ㡭ݿʼŬѧϰˣѧþͷʮ㡣
˭ʲô
ݾôʼ˲ΧŹתΧתӡ
Ȼ󡭡
ĳգЩʱ򣬾˵񣬹ϲ
ϲʲô񲻽⡣
ϲҪжϱˡЦ
ʲôϱһ̾뵽˸̰
ǻҵλֵ
񣺡ǲʲôô˶֪ˣ
ӣӦøС˰ɣ˳գգ۾
ԭͻˡΣûе飬ɱ˵
ûУ˾ȼˣСЩһ𣬶˵Ѿˡ
ûУǾһѧУ
ѧУ̲סѧǣͺϲŮһѧУ
СҶӣûϵһγ壬¶Ӱ쵽ݵ
˵ô϶㲻˵ˣ̲ס
Ȼͱ֪˶˵¡
ǻٵĺѣҲڻС㻹ߵúܽҾôˡ˵ͻݵܴ󣬵ƵſˣҲ䲻ϻݡ
СѧģҪɳһҵŸߵýûйϵġСɫĹҶϣؼʵǡӲϲŮˡ
ȻѾˣ뵽һ㣬Ǿеܡ
ô䲻ˣɫĺܣҿС㣬Ҳġѵ
ЦЦת˻⡣
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Щ±˵ʸ̰Զ˸̰ҲһЩʼŬͽḵ̰
̰̬һأҲûЩˡ
ҽǰһԶ̰ڶŸ̰ȴܿЦˡ
͵̰Ĺϵһֱܺãû뵽ܸһ
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ҽҲֱӾͰ洫ķз˸̰
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ƯŮˣÿôһ𣬱˻ǵһԣʱ䳤ˣ᲻ڸһ
һЩԼ
õˣЩÿ϶һΪ飬ȥ
Ůһȥ顣
̰ܿͻع񣬼Լ
ϼʱ׻̲סʣÿ춼һ𣿡
ǰ㲻һֱ֪شһ˵һ·
·˱ѡ
ÿ϶궼ϴ裬Ͼֻϴϴˣϴǰӣ̰ůѡ
׳ٶ䣬ֽ̰ţǱġ
ϺĶ죬ʵЩ䣬ƫûпյ
˶Ϊһˡֱ̰ӵ
ԴˣЦʡ
̰ˣǰҳԴסˣЩֱӸ˵̽ĸá
ſжᡣЦѸ̰§˻
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̰ҲʹӦ
̰Ӧ֮صݶЩġ
ȻˣΪΧͦģģʱʲôģ
ͬʱҲ֣ݻûʲôرĵط
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ЩڻסأҲԸιۡ
ʱ˳ȥʵϲݷøָˣЩ˽ɴⶨһŵݺ԰ݷõ˵
ȥ֮ǰȷ˱顣
ȣϣ±Ͽˡǡڶ ֵݡ 
Դذѧҵ֮󣬾Ϳʼѧҵ֣̫ˣ
ˣʶ˸㲩ء
ѧҵһˣĨһˣ£Դǲ֪ģԴǸˣԷãڳԼȲ϶Է
ǸѾӱ𴦵֪ѧҵڱĨԼˣĪЩܵƭģ
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ѾԼʦԼҺ·ϧҲѧԼʦ֮ǰʦһֱ鷳ʵΪŬ
ѧҵ˽кü֪ԴȫˣϾǼŮˣӦ
ЩŮˣѵѧҵ·ˣ氮
Դı˺ܶ飬ĺԺȶ
ԼĴ˲޶УϾλ˴δҹ鷳͸һ档
ϲǼǰ鷳̫̫ͬǣ䲻ڶǶãҲر䡣
λ·ˡԴ䷢ԼкܶණҪѧλ·ֶܶ࣬ɴװ뷿Ȥӣλ·һѧϰ֧ȥ顣
Ϊ˺ҲȥѧУ·˸жˣԼҵ氮
е飬õķ淢չȻѧҵ˵֮ȴҪˡ
òУǸռˣȻͱ˿˿˳ʳԺС檣Ȼǰҫ
ѧҵܲˣҲڱ˺֮ܶ취ԼǸԺӡ
ѧҵǰûɹǽ飬ǽʱ򣬲СŤ˽š
ǿţһȳһյȥҡԼ
ߵԼ·ſڣ̲סͻȻ֣ԼȹȫѪ
Ķӻ۵úܣԽԽˡ
Īˤ࣬Ҫˣ
ѧҵŻˣԴ䣬Ǻܵԭ塭ˡ
µȻֹ
ЩµܵòУ޲ðҲźá
һڵϣ±ˣҪЦˡ
дĵһ С˵ڰ󡷣ҪһݣǾǡ桱Ⱦⲿ飬ҪһݣǾǡֲⱾǡǾǡЦˡ 
ԽԽЦ
ڹ¶ԺЦͣѧҵõù
һ𿴵Ҳе̿ҲκԲԲԣȻͲŸЦʲô㽲
㻹СҽҲԼеطأ
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˵ţóġٿȫ顷
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ٿȫ顷飬ۼرˣУ⵽ܶ˻ֹһ
Ͼ̫ˣһǮȻ
Ҫ֪ܶ˳ԶٷҪһǮ
ο黹ֻǱˣĺܺãá
21͵ĺСѧʱͻѧĳʶĶʱĳ˶֪ⲿٿȫ顷֪ö˾̾
Ϊɱ䡷صŮϲһˣҴ¸׷飬ܶ˲¥һʱյ˺ܶޡ
ٿȫ顷һ飬˶Ӧÿ
ҾøСѧӦɹ飬ѧǿ
ǿһ¿Σ̵֪ʶҲӦõġ
Ҫ취˵ȥ

ЩĽڱֽϷ˺ܶ䡶ٿȫ顷Ȿ飬ЩĶߣݾˡ
⡶ٿȫ顷ȫܵѾ㹻ˣûôǣһִ۽ĸо
Ǽ̾͸ߵƼⱾ
ϣ±ǡٿȫ顷Ϻǳ֮ߡ
طոصϺڽԼ鷽дӢ֮󣬾ͣشźܶˡ
δһڵϣ±Ҳˡ˿硷͡ٿȫ顷е飬˸ġͽͯԼдġĴָСǡ
ĴָСǡǸдǲͯ£֮󣬸һЩ޸֮͸ ٿȫ顷һˡ
дͦõģʱƵϺ⣬еʱ̫ãȻٿȫ顷ײˡ
ıʱȽۣûʲôһʱ䶼ûע⵽Ȿ顣
ƺܿҪˡ
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192 Ծػ
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ʱ, źһ, סˣʦʦ
ǣʵ
ʦ飡дҷ, ʦͼ
˵ţͽһϡ
Ǽʮ˿һͽͯĴָСǡ
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ǺܸмģлܼҲ㲻ˡ
֪ԺܻԺζ֮ͨ, һе㵣ģصع۲
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ĸ˵ȥԺζˣҸСŮǶûա
̬һʣǲдˣдʲô
дһӣԽԽ͸һߴ֮󻹳ףһߴһھͳһֻ²˵Լ뷨󳤵øһɽһţҲһڳ£ǮҲˣȥ˴̣һ˾Ͷˣӿĺëӵ򲻴Ƥսᱻ顭
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һ£Ҫпͷ߳βһЩ½ṹֵȻˣҪŪûǶ࿴¡
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ֵʵڹһЩͦõģܺǵʷһ𿴾͸ˡ֮ǰ𵩴ѧͼݣܶԼʱ򿴹
ֱóһֽͽЩһһд£Ȼݸ˸Щ𵩴ѧͼеġ
ͷһͿһӢġ
ӢѾѧĲˣƪԭ黹еѰˣȿŰɣſţͿˡ
鵥뿪¥֮̾һĳȥƽѧ
գѧͰԼٱһȥ͡
ƽѧ½ɵͼѾͶʹˣֱӾ͸ʮţȥ¶Ժʮ顣
˵Ѿ͹ˣָ飬κԲԲˣԲԲҸ˵رÿȥ֮һҪ㸸׸úý
áκԲԲصͷ
οͷ
磬󰡣κԲԲͻȻʵ
ҰѾСˣ궼ʮˣͦͦԼš
껹ûʮô
ԭôϣκԲԲ
ˣŵؿκԲԲСﾹȻ˵ϣ
Ҵô࣡κԲԲڲ꣬ʮˣʮ껹Ҫ󡭡Ҷʮ꣬ʮˡ

磬ұ볤˼޸ģ̫ˡκԲԲ̾
ȵȣҲ͵㷨ԣʮ꣬ʮʱҲͶʮ꣡
̵κԲԲѧ
֮
ԭҪģκԲԲ
ǣ޸ңҲϲСӡϲĻĴ㡣
ҲŲ޸㣬Ҫ޸¸硣κԲԲʮܼˣʱ¸ҲͶʮꡣ
ͬؿκԲԲԲԲˣ¸磬Ҫҽˡ
ڹ¶ԺߣÿŻؼңûʲôӴǰҲûݣ˿˵һ㲻졣
ݺһĴˣ»Ǻܿ׵ġ
ĸǶϲʦָ޸ʦ
κԲԲСѵˣҪȻҾͼ޸·ƺˣ¶ԺĺӶģ
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Ѿһĸ̰ǺǡһЦ򣿸ôģ
֮ǰû߸ΪûҪڣбҪø֪һµġ
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ţҹ͵㶫̰ҽԺסԺĲˣǮˣסԺ֮ϴƷд춼µģԺʱֻᶪ²Ҫ
дȾĲùĶˣһЩûʲô⣬ùĶϴ¶Ժˡ
磬ҵˣ㼸ɣ˷ܵؼҵʱÿζѾ˯ˣ϶ˣҲ˵ϻ
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ӡ˺ܶ࣬طȥˣ˸üǮ̰˵ˡ
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Ȼһͯ£ǳˣҲܿġ
ڡĴָСǡдӱҶ׸ͻСǰûд飬Щ󲻺ЩдЩдҶˣҪ˵֣ҲûС
ȻѾܺˡ
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ңεм۸˵ģ
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ԼĶӾȻд飬ˣ
˧ɣ͵Ķ࣬ǮĲࡣ
ԼǮǻӢġ
ǣյһǧԪ鱦Ŷ
һǧԪ϶飬ȥǮôôС
ϴźܶණؼҵĸȥֻܰѸ͸ཱת͸Լˡ
ڹ¶ԺλصѾϾŵˣʣء
Ӷһػش𣺡Ѿ˯ˡ
Щԥ
ʱӶֵҪ٣ȥſһȻˣӦûû˯
֮ǰٽǣǷŸȥǱߣǰȴֽǣ˵ԺϸҪȥҡ
ǲ֪ʲô϶Ҫ
ɲ֪Ӷ飬Ӷô˵˵ͷȥ
̰ķеԶ¥¥ݶһģ̰ǰ̾ţ磬˯𣿡
Ӧû˯İɣƻأôţ̰û˯
磬ҸͶֵ
Եȣš̰˵겻ãǰžͱˡ
̰ĳѾˣһܺ³ſڣʲô
磬׸һЩ㡣Щ˼Ҳ֪ܲܵҵǮ
ľͺˡ̰øǮ
ôУҪ
̰󡰲òˡ
ĵܵܣ϶ԸܵܵģԲŻͬʱϡ
żܵܣе㿴˳ۣˣⶫ϶Ҫյġ
һֱſţѹûҪͶȥȴͻȻע⵽Ĵϣһˣ
죡˭
ڴϿɵˡ
֮ûţҲû
̰Ҫǲø֪Ĺϵ϶ѸŪߣǸ̰ø֪ǵôˡ
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Ѷ¾Ϳˡֱ̰Ӱ˴ˡ
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ʦȻĴϣҪ߳ҹ̸
ô;ùֵֹģ
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ܹأɹˣҹʱһֻŻԱߵĵϣһ㶼Ů
̾Ͱѽŷˡ
㡣к
£ʡ
¡㣬ҿʦķ˵һͲ˵ˣͻȻ뵽Ҳ˵
ӣǲǿÿĶˣݺؿŸֵ˾ͿˣҪ˵֪𣿡
ʲôǲÿĶ̲סʣʦ
һˡݵ
뵽һˣڵõݵĿ϶һʱ
羹Ȼʦһˣ
ǲǱʦ
ô
ἫˡһǶ׸磬һǶϤĽ̵ʦ֪ð˭źá
һϣһû˯ţͬʱҲˡԼ£Ҫʦ
Ȼû˯ĺǴ˯ر㣬˽ѵʱ򣬾Ϳѧˡ
Ҳˣ֪ȥˡ
ʦȥݣţ⼫ˣҲôˡ
һ͵Ļݵ˼ӵ飬ʲôܣ
ӣˡ˵Ĺϵ˽⣬ǮүϷӵ֣ڡӣ
ôˣݷʡ
ʦӣʡ
ǰҶ֪绹լءЩؿŸҲ㣬һֱ
֪ԼӦûбǿȺãӦÿԼ
Ϊʲô֮ǰû˸
Ƶʱ͸̰Լ̰ıڣѾ˴ˡȥݣȥġ
ϴ͸ЩӲôĸ˵ѧУ
ѧУ۵ġ
ԴѧϺҾ֪ݣҲ֪ݡ
¥ô硭ѧУȻüã˶Ľ
ԽԽʣԽԽˣˣ°Ϳȥѧ
ͦϲӵģϸѧҵѡ
磬кܶѣǶϲ㣬Ҳܳ㡣ЦʵûϲˡȻǲ˵ˡ
Ĺ֮󣬾Ϳʼ̰ݵ顣
ԭڱʱûʲôѲ˵˺ܶίݵʱȴкܶѵġ
ֻϧͷͨŲ㣬˴ӣҲͶ硪ԭȥʱ򣬸ѧڱլӵĵַϧһŶûյĥţͮʲôֽš
ԭѴѾѧҵǰˣû
ЩݡҲа˵ģϧ¼ҪǸߣҲﲻ̫ࡣ
ټϵʱ˶ȥͶ첩ԴûģȻҲûзҪ񡪡첩ԴĲƲĸĸģ
Ȼϡ
ٶͦģһʱ򣬻ûݡ
óһЩʳôһԡ
ʱĴй̶ʱܶ˳֣ҲеģģǵµĴ͵֮󣬻ݵǣЩٰͻϺ
ôһˣܹҪչҲֻҪĸԪðĳס
ǳԷʱ򣬴Ҳóһ׷ԣĲһĴָС̲˸
״к˴һԡǴ˲ٲˣԼǳԲġ
мЦЦųʱǱߣڷ
Ϻܽ¥飬¼ҵЩˣѾ֪ˡ


193 ͬѧ
¼, λ¡
ӵˣ, ޽, ѧ໥Žһ׳, нٻ˼ҡ
¼ԭȵ峤ģѧĸµ
µĸǾˣԼҲţӣҴҵ󡣶¼˴һũ, ʣµҲСǵС޶, Ҳһֱµհ
µȥ, ֿʼѧģ˴¡
ǰ¼ܶ⹤ѧ˶ˣս峤ûµ¼ҵ, ټһЩ顣
Щµµĸ׻ʱÿͻóǮã޵ͬµһ㡣
ڡ
µȥǰ, Ѿûˣȥ, ûԸ⻨ǮãÿžЩưܣݽ֩Եû
һֱչ˲ǿǶʲôһһӵ˷ŭǲҲͰˣȻϣ
û⺢ǿųģĿܸߣⲻѧŻ˵ϿĸǲҪôµһ
µµõܣµһ¼ҡҵŵֱȴûʲô¡
鲻ɣֿҪ϶µҵҪֵȥˡ
¼峤¶ǰҲǴӲġ
µûˣ峤λãҲµĶӻ
ѧȻҪȥȻ󲻽ͼ۽լ峤Ȩļ֮ࡣ
µƵϲ񣬶ѧҲ˼׽ΪߵʱŻͬ⡣
²⺢Ƣ󣬾Ȼˣܶ˹Թ
ûʲôҲûʲôǮ⼸ľһһ峤ҲԽԽ
ѧѧǣͬʱǻ˵²гϢˣѧȲ
µ뵽ǵЩ˵ģںڣ¼ˣȴڼˡ
ϵӣֲǲ˽⣬ôܻĸҿǷѧϲɣӲϵ
ǣҪпĸ¶϶ϸɵģѧȢŮ˸ɵģŮʱǵӰĺܣ۾۾ӲǱӵġ
˵Ϻǰ챨ֽǳ飬úܡġ
ǵϢˣ⺢ӣɲֹЩ飬ҵõϢ˵ڰѧУˣɽҵСߵúܽ
ߺܶ˶ڿ˵дѧʵģһҪŮأ

µһۡ
б£ǵôûкúöأ
µƼЩ˵ı飬֪ںڣڿɲǺڵʱ򣺡пЩ룬ǵ鷳ҪǺá
ǵһ˵ġ
µֵдġҵ꡷ӦҲƼˣ˼ҿ϶Ǻǡ
һʱ䣬˶Ĭˡ
һˣǸǸӦҲô˵
ô񣿡µֵҪǵ鷳϶ͷһ
峤լӻͳˣ
һǮլӣµԸ⡣
һ磬Ҳû
ʱһˣȴѾϰˡ
õĴϰʱԼƶϵĸоܾýµĴط·ڷƮ
ǰδôõĴ⻹ͷһΡ
֮£ǾϰΪˡ
񸶸Ԫְǳʣķ͸Ǵϲ̵صл
ݳǣ죬ס
ӦõģҸõס졣жѾõˣסŻͦġ
סõ꣬иլӡֱ̰ӹȥˡ
˵꣬̾Цˣ٣լѾɨˡ
Ǯ˵
ȵģȴǸ̰լӣۼ԰֡
լӲ󣬵Ƶظ⾫ɣɽһӦȫ˵һСסԺӣԺСһһ׿СϪдСϪϻ˸СɵʯţԱиС£ͤͤʯϣ̻Χ̡
ϧǶΧ壬ֻ֪򵥵Ĺ򣬲¡
һ۾ϲСԺӣֱסˣ˸ڵԺס͸̰ѡլӵ˼סķס
£һ˱ȥԷ
ľ¥̰ȥԣûſڣլ˾Ͱ˹ȥǵ֮󣬲аᣬ˸
ϵǼ˸㣬ֶһһƣǶӦ˺ܾˣһ͹Ƥ룬쳣
ִʱ¥֮飬˵ķӣ᲻д̫ˣЩӸ̰һ֮󣬲֪ʱˣôɡ
Ѿȥдʳˡ
ǲ˷ѵģһٷ󶼶ƤԲˣ
ԹȥϢ뾹ھ¥¥±˽סˣ㣡
תͷȥͿһظ⾫µӣԭĺ֮һѿܡ
ܡȻ˸̰һۡǵõ̰ǿÿŸڨģڡѿܵòʤġ
˵ѿܻСעشˡ
̰ͬڿ˵Ŀײһһȥѿܡ
겻㿴ŹòǻɨĹģѿܵ
ǵġͷ
ѿ̸ܺܽЦűԹһֽǮ۸ǵ顣
󣬷ѿܵӱҪöɣסҪҪȥס
ãѾŵĵطˡЦҲǴӱģһֱϺ
ϺѿЩȣǵϺˣ
ڱѾݷˣ¥ĸ飬ݸ˲٣¥£֪ȴࡣ
Ͼ¶õıȻҲֻ֪ı֪ˡ
¼һ֪ȴΪҵ꡷֮࣬дĶ£οǸѧϵġ
ǵϺıȥˡЦ
ԭȥϺֲҸţ㶼ءûյɣ
ûյ˵ͷ
ʱ䲻ˣѿҲûģҪ˵ַ
ѵַ˷ѿܣֵǰ⼸죬Ҷס
ԭϼݲԶҪһʱǻסݣɨĹȥ
ãܶͬѧ㣬ʱ档ѿܵ
áӦˡ
ؼҵ·ϣ̰˷ѿܡ
ԭļеģδ̳ԭĸ飬Էѿܵӡʵѧͬѧĸңϲľ̨ܵ
ϲ𣿡̰ʡ
ԥҡͷ
ϸˣڴСֵ£ûȥоϷϷ˽ⲻࡣ
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ڶһ磬ʹȥˡ
ҪȥԼļѣһԼĸķء
ĸȥʱѳޣĸ첩ԴģϯǺ棬Ƿȴûޣֱһ񣬷ϸʯһĹˡ
˼ңܶǻЩש飬ڷرһȦġ
²˶ȥ죬͸̰һ𣬰ݷ˼ߵļΪˡ
ܶʱڴŹʵˣڲŶʮʮ꣬Щǰһˣ˽ⲻģݷõļˣִʱͶûԽ֮󣬵˵ǡ
һݷˣðݷõֵͦãһʵܺȥݷˡһƼҪŮɫ˵ŮӾ͸ðؼдЩ̻ŮӵĶ
ˣʵЩûļ뿪ˡ
Һã죬ջĶ࣬ʶԼϴڵһЩ֮
ϻصңͱŷ֪ѿˣһ
ѿȥμյĻġ
Ļᣬһͬѧ죬ɵúܣͬѧĸףݷõ֮һ
ڶ죬ͺ͸̰һȥμĻˡ
ٰĻͬѧշз얥ԭļⷽ얥Ƶˡ
͸̰ȥҵʱ򣬷ǱߣѾмͬѧ絽ˣоͰѿܡ
ӷѿ֪Щ˶ܺ棺²ˣʲô
Σ
Щ˷׷ʣѿܵڴ󰲾¥²ģŹò
ǡòǲѡ얥ͻȻЦһ
얥²ҲǹⲻŵģȥϺˡѿܵӦûյǵš
ַˣǵĵַû䡣얥ҿǿˣԸϵǡ
얥ﻰ⣬ѿܿһĻЩΡ
Ҳⲻַܹ얥
²ȥǶдţ얥д˲ֹһ⣬²ȻһŶûء
얥һȺܵģȥ¼Ǳߴˣ²£Ǳ˵ˣ²úõġ
얥ʲôᡣѿܵ
얥û˵ʱ˴ˣϷˣ
˵얥¶ѿܵ˵ɫҲá
ģҲǵͬѧ
ǵͶģõѧ֮һ˵ûбϺĺãȨƵ˼ң϶ǶѧУġ
ѧУѧŬҹϵҲܺãȴҲģɵǣһλǡ
˵ѧУÿ첻Ŷ飬˺öҲϲҵύύǸΪͲԵʣôʱмԡ
ˣҲûôֱʱϵܺõһͬѧг¡
ͬѧг£얥ȱϵһˣǳģƫƫλ˼ҹϵõģȻתͷȫˣ˽µ׳ЦԷ
ʵĺ
ѧҵ󣬴ҶǲԸ˵ģƫЩ£Ȼͽ̾ڸվĴүǴүԺ֣˾־ֳ
ݣ얥˾͸ˣƫֲܵ
ǿɲΪһʱʹۼˡ
Ĳ˵˵졭얥ʵûˣ얥ȴҲܰ˸ϳȥҪӭ
얥һ͵ξֳӭ١
ԭ²ģ얥˶ѾʮͷλξֳѾʮ塣
ټ˸͹Ŷӣ˵Ѿʮ꣬ҿ϶Ҳŵġ
얥Ļᣬͬѧˣƫǲңɲ̫
ξֳæҲ´ξֳû얥ЦЦôôڱ档
⣬ʵͦϲЩȴֲҵӵġ
Ҿæͬѧ£ҲһЦʣǸղʲô
ûʲô얥
ûʲô얥ңɾͲˣһһϢ
얥˵ʲô͸ɴʣʲôϢ
ˡҵõϢλүˡִѾˣȥš˵⻰ʱԵá
ʲôϢҫ
ҽΪֵȺܶණ룬ڸҫҪϻˡ
˵ظˣӣѿȥˣƾҪˣȥ
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û뵽ȻǺһЦһΪٲˡ
ʲô˼얥ʡ
ûʲô˼Ҿ֪һЩ¡²һֱϲ
ǻѾ˼Ҳû취얥Ǹùϵ²ֻģ֮󣬾ܿһȺѡ
ʦϲ
һˣĿϲ
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²˵ȥ˱֮󣬾жûϣֻȥСѧΪ׹ϵñϳˣⶼǰˣ֪ܣû˵
ʵЩ֪ܣŲ˵
˵ΪͷԼҲ˵㲻̫ʵ顣
ǻǾ־ֳͻȻȥһһ˫ŮŮˣȥˣȻϳ²
֮󣬹עһ²͵֪²¼˸ߵ飬ЩԸˡ
û˵ȴΪǷԸµˣ˷ڷѡ
ѾҪˡ
˵꣬얥˾ͱ˾
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ֻǣڷչôе죿е¥дġҵ꡷
ţ˾ˣүиһλˡ
ͷϢ̰ͨǻ£ϺǱߺܶ˶֪ݣߵ˾ֻ֪ðһˣٵ飬ȴȫ˽ģٽʲô̫
ǣŸ̰ʱ͵㿴òϳˣһүͷ
ѹûϳ˭


194 ɨĹ
, ȷʵܲ
ϵĳӺܺãɫƤϸ, һŵġӸеĴһ, ͦģ̲סͳԷˡ
얥ҲЩϺݲԶӹúܺþȻϵ, ʵе˵ȥ
ǣؿһۣȻֿ얥얥þò
얥һŹһۿȥ˾Ǹֱ, Ҳȷʵֱͦģô򱧲ƽ
ԭļ, 얥һֱչԭ, ͦ˼ġԽ֮һʼæֶټûôȥԭľ, ˸ԭЩϵ
ȷʵþòҪǷѿ㣬ǲǰɣ얥
ǴݷǵġݵʱǴԭǵģǸ, ֮ǰ˺ܶ飬һֱûϵǡ
Ǹ, 얥ɫ˺ܶ࣬ҪԼĺѲԼ¡
ǰ²ѵġ
෴ˡ
װʶԼȫԼĺܣ²֪ʲô㱻ϳŵʱѧҵ֤鶼ûУǹúܲðɣ
˽²ģ²Ǯˣֱ¼ϳȥͶϺݣҲǼ£϶òãһʵĴ磬Ǵӡ
ʵϹúܺãϺ֮ȥˡһѧҵһʮʮ鶥ˣܶʮǮòÿ϶ûá
ڶѧѧҪܶǮģݾҲ϶ѧ
ҿд¹ӣûСֿ˵˭
²ˡ̰ЦЦ˺ü飬˽¿Ȼûд󸻴󣬵û㲻
¿һ¥ʱһֱϲҵҵ֮һ鶼Ը⿴¥Ȼúܺãû
û飬¿¥֣֪ġ
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얥ͷѿܶǺѧģ¥е£ҵ꡷뵽֮ǰ˵ĻٸŶԱһ¡
ԭ²¥
־ϲȻ뵽²¥⼸һֱûϵǣҲ֡
⼸ӹüûոͨġ
ˣ²Ϊˡ
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ǲŵģǵ˸˵¥ǸڹѧģҪԼҲòĻѣô¥
Ҿ¥Ц
ѿܵվ˵¥ˣԭ¥㣡
ȿȡҶˣܴ󡣡얥
λĺܱǸҵ˱֮סĲǵĵַǵһⶼûյֳֵ˺ܶ飬һʧ˼ǵĵַıӣЩӱܣһֱûݣҲûϵǡ
얥ԭﻹеԹ³ɢˣ׷׸˵ˡ
Ҳʶ»¥
Ǽˣ
һ˦־ߡ
Ҫȥ˵ĵϸ
֮Ļվ͸ˡ
ЩͬѧúģһЩ˶ȥϺͷ
֮ǰˡ˼ǡ֮󣬾ͺȥϺ
ҲǡҸĸҳԶţĴߣĴ
˵ϺкܶѧȥϺѧ

ʱиĸڲԶ˵ΪԶʵ̫Σˡ
أ˼ҿһˣ׾ͻ˴ġ
ˣž͸Σˡ
ˣܶһӶ뿪ԼļģЩͬѧû뿪ݡ
ȥ𴦺ΣգȥϺǺܰȫġ
얥ڵ֪ѧУܷ֮ȥѧУнˮνֻϣܾһ
ҵѧУҪյģûл˼ҵĺӣʦҪ󲻸ߣнˮҲߡ
޷һҲȱǮҾȥѧϰġ얥ѧѧѧУΰģݣҲ԰һ
얥ô˵ˣȻܾ
ĵ÷ǳãЩĹ֮ȥݷ˷얥ĸס
얥ĸͦˣҲ٣ǸһΪģϧ£ˤһȣ͸ڼˡ
Է얥ӡܺã԰ݷҲܸȤλү˷𣬾̸ʲô泶

Щ治˫̸׽вȥ
얥͸̰뿪ʱҲеΣҸԴӶȣͿʼоЩǸ
飬ŷҲġ얥˱ġ
һЩܴĴ۵ʱ򣬻ҪҸУڽ̾Ƿǳʵѡ񣬶Է얥ŷ¶һ㶼֡
ǲŵġ
ҪЩɱĶˣôܺúõػţ
ػصУһֱڣŻ
ʱɫ̫ÿҼûȥϵĲݣͼû˰ΣҲû˸Ҹ㿴첩Դġ
µķأǸСҪû˴紵ܵģϼ꣬ԼͱƽˣΧһ޶
Ϊ˲鷢Щ˻ΧשϣЩ˻Աּ˻ڷֵࡣ
ȻˣҪģÿ
ܶ˻ŪЩӴСڷ϶ѳ״źÿ˵ϵʧ⡣
⣬ϵӲݰҲҪġ
Щ飬ǰÿ궼֮ǰţԼǰû첩Դܸģ첩ԴǼȲҲݡ
ĸķҪǻиĹĸ·ߵСûʲôˡ
Ժÿݡ˸첩ԴҪһǮ֮󣬾ûٹע첩Դˡ
֪첩ԴΣһǿ϶ģǾ첩ԴԺ϶ȥĸĸˡ
š˵ͷ
첩ԴʱһߣѾˣѯ¥ˡ
˵¥֪صؽ¥дġҵ꡷Сҵĸס
꣬һա
ӣڼģڹ˿֮󣬾Ȼʱתˣд˼Ҳ֪ʲô飬˺ܴױ£
ܲζţЩġ
ǮģҪ˼¡
ôţǸԼȥ١дһţ֪Է
ȥţ˾Է涼û
ôµģô涼ûԼߵˡ
ȷϹүǼҵŷôҽȥ
أʡ
ү˵˲˲ţҴˡæŴӻó˫
պţ˿ɫһţһģɣںˣԸϳȥɴȥˡ
ôţȥ˯ˡ
ȻϢˣδ¡
¥Ҳһˣ󣬿վִٵģ
Ҫȥд١
λһȣ¥ʲôǣ
ôţ˸ڴϴȴ֪ʱҪϵˣѲڼǱŪĳˡ
̰ϣܽӴ
Ϊ岻ãǿƣͦϲġȻˣôҪΪ˯þ
׳˯رã˯ˣ̰ŵشӴš
ѧϺ֮ȥǰˣȥ鵱˵˭
ղĵ̣¶ҪײףһֱһǰüĿ㶯ֵʱ˵Ҫյ飬ɴ͵ٴˡ
Ѿˣ̰ʡ
ǵġֵ̰µ˵˵˵ǮһŮʿƬȻһֱ·ţŮʿһˣʹŮʿ
Щ˲ǮûʲôˡĶ£ֻ̰Ҫ뵽ΪʵˣЩˡ
е̫ˡ
˵첩ԴһңͻΪ鷳һֱ˶ţֻûն룬ûʲôˣҲעʲôˡ
ЩǮٵˣȻҲҪøѵ
оЩͬѧ
ǰռѿ֮ȥЩˣڣֵµѾЩ˲˸š
̰˴ȥΣ·ϻ˳㷭˷ЩͬѧϣȷӴķѿܷ얥˶û⣬ŽϷһߡ
κܿ͵ˡ
˱ʲôӲӣ΢˵̣ͳ˾֮񣬰ԼĶ˸һɶ
̰֮󣬾ͦû˼ģ˸ִ͹ȥ
Ӧ;ֵ֣ľֳѺò˵ڸղţ֪Ҳˡ١顣
ˣǰȻȥ֣ɴִǱˡ
̰Ըãͻ˷䡣
£ͱסˡ
̰
ȥˣʣ˯˯ʶԱһ̣û̵ˣֻӣѹˡ
̰ץ˵ˡ
㡭̾һʣʲôˣ
̰ı˵ˣֵǸͬѧҲȥˡ
ʱ򣬵ˣŴӱ֪ơƶǻˣԭ
ѧУȻɼãвϲģΪͱ˴йɳ緶
ϧͷˣǵͬˡ
ֲô˽⡣¼ߵ飬¼ǲ˵ģΪ얥ǲŻһ֪
֪ڱСѧ鶼֪֮ǰ֣֪ͦԭˡ
˲ʲôöģһܵѵ̰
̰ӣеԵܲáЦлл
ȻͰѡԵܲáѹڴ˺üڡ
ǰˣ̰͸ִٵˣ͸ĳ˹͡
ִٴŵʱ͵ġ
˿ִλ˧ĵλǱȸ̰ҵүĸߵġ
ֻ̰ǻҵүִȴּҵļ̳ˡ
ִ֪ˡǱȲϻٵġ
ִ竣Ҳ֪ܶص顣˵Ϳʼλǹҩˡ
˵ڻϻĺö
ǿǾıûӶ࣬ϧ֮ǰȥϺֻһ㡣
ڻݣ϶ҪúýӴģλٱ飬Ȼָ
ǹҲҪġ
Ƶǹܳ⣬ǹɡԴŷ޿ʼ̣ⶫͲˣ
Ҳͻٻ·ŪһЩ
ִһ͹ݷãһ·ϣһֱڸ졣
ʵ̫ƨˣִǷǳϲġ
죬ڹά˵ֻȤͬʱд˽ˡ
Ĩ¥
ִΪһϸ竣˼Ļ϶Ҫ¥飬ҽ͡˼ǡѧ͡˿硷ͦϲġ
¥Ů˵֮飬ûоģͿϧѧŮǻˡ
Ůô˯ûϵϲ̫̫ϺԺģݳó治̡
˯Ҳûʲô
ִٻϲ¥ģ˵¥²Т˳ʲôġЦЦؿһۡ
̾ʶλүˡ
Щģٲ˵ĻֻҪֺûٵ顣

˻ٵլӣȻһֱվһǸոˡ
һЩסԼı顣
ִٺոΪ١Щ
ƫʱǻ٣Ȼ͸ִһݡ񡱣͵νȻȥѡ
˧ĵϲɺ£Ұץˡ̰
лһúýѵִЦ˰˽ˣȻͿԼߵ˶ֱˡ
ʱ򣬸ֵ̰λһġ
˵˵ǾһѵˡִٻЦš
˵ǸȤΪŶ࿴˵㣬˲õˣȫԻ˷߶Ȥ
֮ǽӴû١
ִٵĺܣȴ˵ϡ
ִٿûһۣ˰ϳȥˡ
죬˷أԼĽã׼˼ƷֽǮ֮ණ
ǰһ죬֮Ϊҹܶ˻ڼ棬ȥɨĹ
ڼ׼һԵļ棬ݹһؽмļƷ緹ˣȻͳȥ¡
ȥĸķǰ
Ѿɹˣź£ҲĹеɡ
ƷͼС㡢Ʒ⻹ˮ֮࣬׼Ĳࡣ
˵һһͷ
̰һˣҲſͷ͵游ĸҵİ£ǿ
̰̲סϹ˹Ҫ֪϶
ɲһ£ûк游ĸûϵǵĹԹӵģúңϲΪǴģǱģñǹҡҽܲ£Ҫǻ
ҪȢˣôϷҲ˵
ҲǡѾʶԼŸ̰˵⻰̫ˣֵ㶼뿪¼ˣҲûҪ¼󡣡
ǰЦ
ĸķǰ˴һʱȼ游ĸȥ
ĸʵھǵģѧæûз硣
游λԱ߸ĵطһ·
·ġ
¼ķأһ¼ҵòԶҹҼһڼм棬ôԵø֡
һһЩʿĻ£¼ҵſڡ


195 ѧ
ⶫϺܳ, ȴûġ
ʮ߰ʮȥ, ӳ˺׷, ˵ʱˡ
ĿյĺǣڼĴǣһز, ׷̽ͷҲЩ˱ŵˣԼͬ㡣
и̫̫ԭ˯˯ſɹ̫Զ֮ͻȻʹ, ȻһſڵĴӾ㣬ɵز, Ҳز񻰡
⸽ûôս, ǰҲǴ̵ģ˾úڼҳŷ˴ҵ顣
ҪǸҷ˼һӾͿˡ
˺˶, ҺĻµ峤˳
µսսعȥСһϵʿλˣ£
Щʿ˧̰, µƺΪеЦ
Ǽ˱˺ǵ, Ҳ⣬ûµ룬վԱߡ
ʱͣȵʻλϵĳŴ򿪣һųӴӳ
ȲµƼԷӣһһˣܲǴġ
Ͳ֪˵ʲôģ˵ģģ
ܲܵõô
µ¶ĵЦȥʣͿߵŶˣߵŴ򿪺󣬾ʹŮˣһߣһӡ
ˣµϤİ
ϤΪԴӼ޸ѧʱ²²ǿǳġ
İȴΪڣѾˣ
²²˵ǳ˳ˣӱ񡭡µ뿴ʵ˵㾪š
ڵӣǰϳȥʱȣһûϲ˵˲١
Ưˣ
Ƥǰף촽޵ģͷ𣬴´žķβµһʱ䶼ˣͬʱոշǿģ
ϺͲ񣡡ΧˣҲϳˡ
˵ı仯̫ˣֻһ¶ȥϣ
¼ߵˣѾѧ֪бµˣȲ𺳡
˼ҾȻǹʿ
õ¼˷׷״Ҽһˣһˡ
ʱҲµ롣
Ե±ԹʥˣǺƽģСڷɽȫϣΥܵͷͷӦҪ
¼Ⱥˣ㲻ʲôˣ϶ﲻʵѧͮ
ؿһĵµ룬ֿ̰ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
̰˵ͷװ˼Ʒӣǰȥ
û˸ţ¼ˣʶÿһ·
ǽߣ߹һ﹡˷صء
صͦģЩܶѾúܸˣӿµľⶼ棬Եµķصͦɭġ
ʱЩĹǰ棬ڼݣǰϼƷɾ
һ˹ʱ˶ȵؿ˹
µķأڷصߣ¼֧ĵزš
ｫһĶĵϣѾ˲ٷأЩǡﻹһЩյأԭҪû⣬Ҳ
ûЩԼˣϵļƷ£
µķͦɵģѾˣǲȥЩ
أ¿һͷ
̰Ҳˡ
ţְֽǮԪˣЩ֮ߵ̰ȥųۿӣס˸̰֡
ﳤģǰÿҶүүҵ̫үүǣһֱΪһƬϳȥ
̰˵ģӦò
֮ǰ¼ңҺͲˣʵҸллǣҪôˣҸȥϺҲʶ㡣ֵ
̰һ
˵ȥ㲻öʲô̰˽һЩ飬䲻ȫȻܲµһЩ
˵ģ˵ǰǵ³֪һܲҡ
ûŸ̰
һ¸̰ΪģΪˣҲӦˡ
ո̰ѶЩǮˣûĶ£Щţǲкյ飬ֻԽԽࡣ
˱ץûж࿪ġ
Ĳ˵˵ĺܶ£ʵִٵ¸ɵģִһ仰ͽ䳾
ʱûнȫķɣҲûںɣȨ߾ͿΪҲͦġ
һ㶼ãִĶ£١
ĺܶһʼҪĸˣ֮ԷˣΪǷ֣ԼҲӦñƷˡ
м÷ſϵĸƷԼĽײ㣿
ʶҪһЩա
ôҪ¼ҵʲôġαػʱȥǣ
ԼúãѾЩʳѰˡ
ȻˣҪǣ븵̰ȥЩ븵̰ͷ
̰̾˿Ͳ鷳
бҵ鷳Ц
Ҳǡ̰ҲЦˣֻҪǿαЩ
¼ˣȷʵû鷳Ҳһ㶼鷳
ϣֺ˲С˹Ǩŭǡ
µһҧͲ˵Ľ飬׼¼լլ͸
ɨĹص£˺ܶ˵ſڣµͷˣǿջЦȰ¡
Ц˷ȻͿµ۲ѵͬʱһ
µ뼷һЦǰҲǱɱˣҶġ
µ߶߶˵˺ܶ໰˼ֻһȰ
ѾЩʿ˧µˡ
ǸϳȥˣȻܸ˧ϻµѾˡ
֪ôб£һ˸ߣϾǮ£ѧҲܴӱ鷳
˧ض˭ҲּҵĻ
͸ˣҲ
µɫһ䡣
ӣͦЦֵⷿˣٻԺⷿѧУĺˡڰѧĸֿ֧ʹӼ
µһ
үү̫үү˵ģ츣ѵӦõģ峤Ҫ˽̣
µûȫ˽̣ȴҲǴģڱôһʣɫѿˡ
Χ⻰ǣȴ˷
˭ԼĺӶ飿
ɨһȦΧˣôˣһɨĹʱԻˣѧУѲ٣ǰھҪ峤ǿˡͮǰǸߣӦǸǮģ
ЦЦؿµ롣֪µ뻹һЩˣ֮ԸѧΪܴеõôĲ
ڡЩˡ
һеģµΪ׵ˣɫһһġ
¼Щͨˣһȴ˷Ѿ⣬һҪúüලµ˸ѧУˣ
ĲҲһҪȫѧУ
ͮͨµ˵ǮһҪµó


196 Ϻ
ԭ¼ߵʱ, ˣʵͬǵġ
ڳ겻ݵѧ, Ǹദ, ȻҲվߡ
ǲûΪ
һǳдġ¥һ˲ҪǼڵһҳ, Ūӡ¥˿ЦдеĴŮ˿ȥĸסıֻͨǳ֡ܶ˵ʹģԸȥܱ˵¡
ο˵ʱģʱ¼ҵͨ, жҡݣ²Ƕ, ¼, Ҳǹúá
Ϊ뷨µ˸ˣûȥµ롣
漰桭µԸѧ¼һ鷳
峤Ȩʵܴ, ܸ治飬˵ʹԼȨˡ
֪ѧ, µٲ죬ҲһҪ졣
, Ӧûᱻ¼Щͨ˸м
Ȼˣϡݸм飬Ҳûȥܡ
¼뿪Ѿˡ
óƷҪҪԡ
ͶˣȻҪԵģ˸ˣȻֽ֮ݵʻλȥ
ֱ̰ӳĵƣְĵ׳ˡ
Լûʲôƫã̰ȴֻϲԵƣƽôԵġ
ʱһֻԡһЩӺƷ
ԼԵͬʱóһЩָ֮һˡ
ִܶȥ֮󣬻ὫƷڷصأϾֵ˶Ǯʱ򣬴ҶǴȥԵģЩ˼ңղƷ
ʵϣѼƷڷˣҲǱ˼ȥԶѣǮ˼ңҲôɣǰѼƷǳˡ
˻صݵʱʱ䲻ˣͬʱѾ׼Ⱥķˣˮǡ
ֳЩϴ˸裬ͺ͸̰һ˷䡣
Ѿѡɱ䡷дˣóǡд˵㡣
ûеƣֻ͵ƣдͦģдû٣ͷ±ʣ˴
Ҫȥ˧̰
Ҫ̸ʡ
̰ǵģҪֺǹ
һ㶼֣һܾһɱˣҪġ
̰ɱҩоôˣʡ
ؿɲֹùһ֣ǳ֮࣬ͬʱͬĿأɱϸҲͬ
˵ϸĴȾùû취֢ƵģҪҩС
û¶Լҡ׵ʱ򣬾ҵݸ˧˵¡
һֱоûо̰оֵЩˣһֱоĿأϧǲûоɹ
Ͼ̫ˣ
Ҳ֪ңȱľ˲ţû˲ţҪоʲôֺѣ
ҪһЩȥѧڣڷұ仯һҪ취ȥ
̰ͷͬЩΣʵ˲̫ˡ
ȷʵ˵ͷ
ʵֵͲ֮Ķļߣϧûص˲ȥо
ôţֶԸ̰дڡҵİĶҾöпֵܳģԺ㹻ˣһҪ취֮һһо
͸̰һ㣬ָܻʮֻ治ϣӻʲôģӦһ¡
˵Ӣͷǳ٣ȸ̰һһֱһٳͷʮʱ򣬻ĴѧУҽԺơ
á̰ͷֵѾȥо˵ĵػбһЩˣϧʱûüĿ
ɡⷽĶ˽ⲻֻ࣬ǵֵͲĶֵĻ磬͸̰˵ˣø̰о
ϧҪѶоס
ȷʵӦ⡭̰Щɡ
ôˣʡ
оɽȥ̰˵ģǳսʱӢȻĿ·ŵϺ
ΪȻǾͽɽȥ
˽ʷһս֮ӢȹΪһʹսԵʣԸٴ̣ŬϢ
ϢķŬֹҵƷȥйƷҪĹ֮һ
⣬ǻӡŬйֶƷȦǮ
ڵһսڼ䣬йĹҵǵõһչģ۳֮Ĺ׬˺ܶǮһսЩ̾ͱĹˡ
ǹ˲й˲֣Ժ󣬿϶ᶯ֡
Ϻض֮԰ȫΪӢĵ̣һӢҪǳ֣Σյĵطˡ
ʵоᵽɽȥбҪġ
һ㶼оĶǿ
ڸҡⱾǻоġ
ҺôԼˡ
죬͸̰һ˧
˧ÿͣԼ̫̫ǣһЩ޵Ϸ͡
Ϸ£Ѿϰˣǵ֪λڹһ㱡ɴǵƵŮ˧̫̫е𾪡
Ҳ˵ʲô˧˾ͺá̰ǲܶ࿴̫̫һ۵ģ˧˧һһ㾺ûС
ת̰ĿбӣԷ̸˺
ֹһ죬̰ϴϺȥ
Σͬе˶Ƿ얥ͷѿܡ¶˾ҪȥϺһ
ͬһʱ䣬ִ˧ԶɽĻ˧һ籨ңɱ䡷Ȿ飬Ҳǵ˽֡
Ȿȡѧ͡˿硷ҪһЩжʮңµ󣬰ķɱˡ


197 ɱ䡷
ִЩ, ΪʲôһЩдŮԳ׷С˵Ϊ, ΪǶʱ, ˽̫ˡ
ŮԱѹȵĻдŮ׷飬ʵѾһ׳ˡ
Ů巽С˵, ܶ඼йء
ǺܶŮΪ֮ܶһִŮȡġ
ɱ䡷İŮװѧУ飬ӹͦģͬʱ, װܹ黹
һͬ, ܡ
Ǹǳº͵ʦ, ﰢڣ̰顣
Ŭѧϰȡ֪ʶͬʱ, Ҳʦ
飬˺ӣԼɷںʦһ, ֪ʲô
ǵŶԷ²һ, Ҳ˴졣
ҲһεõԱ˵ӺͰ
λʦﰢ飬Ϊæµ˲ϳԷʱһ⽣ԵʱͦΪ˵
ԽԽڰʦͬʱȴҲǷǳǵģ֪Լڷ涼Ȳʦ
ûûԹ԰ŬԼøá
ʼд׬ǮʼѧӢģһһԼøãɫ
Ȼ鲻һ˳ģǸʦļУȻѾӣӣһǧ
᲻÷Լİ飬ʶԼһ𣬽˺һŮˡ
һ̣Լʦ֮飬ûѹԼĸ顣
ǸʦҲͬʹ
Ǹʦʲôֻ֪ΪԼɷͬ£һˡźӼ԰æӡ
ܸмͬʱҲ֣ʦӣǸԼǰСһˡͻԷΪ죬Ϊɷ˵ϻ
ҧҧԼŮӵʦӣ˵Լɷʧɢ֮󣬲ѲŻڴ˵ؽ飬ʦӸԼһѧϰ
ʦӱˣð뾭ѵҲ˷֣Լɷ԰ĸ鲻һ㣬ܷŭԸټ㡣
ʧģҵʦӣ̸֪Һܷɷ򣬵ԽԽӦԼǿ 
ֻиıԼܸɷĽŲ
Ȼǿ󣬲ӦֻΪ˸ɷĽŲӦΪԼ
㹻ǿӵǿ飬Ҫɷ򡣡
Ů˲ӦһӶΪһ˻ûʧ

˵˺ܶ࣬ʦӲͬٹ̵һЩ۵㣬һһϦܸıġ
ǰ㣬ԽԽᶨˡ
ģԼһӶҪ䵽ĵزԸÿɹΧŮ˰Լɷߡ
ʦӲͬĻҲûж԰ʲô
ʼһЩı䣬ѧϰϧⲢ׵飬ҪҪӣʵû̫ʱѧϰ
㷢һ㣬̲ס̾ܿ죬ûյЩˡɷҵڹòãһʼͼƭ㣬ð׬Ǯȫ㲻Ը⣬ŭ֮£ɴͽŮ˵￪
㶪ѧУĹͬʱдС˵ҲΪŮ˶ܵƣɷҪؼȥ
ʦİ´ɷѣǱ飬ȥһط¿ʼ
ԼҲ֪ҵδΣֻϣɵģϣԼˡ
δǳģͲΣǿѾѧ˺֪ܶʶֻҪ⣬ܰԼӹá
ʵһʼõʱһİģдȴ־ãŮһҪܵõҸ±ͦġ
ʱС˵ŮΪǵġ
ŮԵվŮԵĽǶдһŮ˵ķܶʷС˵֮١
ˣǰС˵ȣһС˵ŮԵǿƳ硣
һŮѧһŮѧ꡶ɱ䡷̲ס
һС˵ĻŮ̫̫ĸдˡ
ĺĽ㡣
ܼ޸ϲ˾ͺˡ
ԭǴҵ֮ͼˣȥģڡˣҲù
ҪԼǿҪԼҸȫϡ

һЩ˻ĸдˣľֻǿ֡
ϲǸʦͦõģôûкһ𣿡
ôûˣӦüдŶԣ
һϲˡ

һʱ䣬ô۶УٲһЩϴ
ЩѹͲ⡣
Ʒǲֺ˵ģˡ
͵Ϻ˴Ǯϲ̵뿪ˣ얥ͷѿܴ˽´͸լʱס
һŻǸ̰кܶҪ
ǵϣ̰ȥϵĸͻѧУ顣
Ľ¥ҲĲ㣬ҪػûִǷô鷳ټǮ󷽣˺ܶ๤˵ԵʣڷѾǵòˡ
Ű֮࣬ǻûװϵģٹ£ҲŪˡ
Ҳ˵죬ѧУܿʼ
Ľȷǳ⣬Ϊпæ飬ڡɱ䡷֮ûд顣
Խ֮һֱϵдС˵ȻᣬҲЩˣҪϢһµġ
ҺһȥؿȻһЩʦ˳ʦһЩѵѧԻݵ
ݵͷǸ¸磬ʶһЩˣ԰ʣûԸʦ
áӦˡ
ͻݣڸ̰סԷĵط̸ģ̸ţˡ
һͿƲסеŤ
ôˣЦؿŸ
˵ûʲôûбס¡ʦ絽ʲôϵ
¹ϵ
еİ
֮ԹžСֵ
ˣӣ̲סɻ
ѵºܳ᲻ᡭ̫Сˣ
㻹Сܶ鲻֪Ժ󳤴˾֪ˡĸļ
̾ըˣСˣͶԽˣﶼѾڰ࿴ˣ
ŶеͣȻѾʼҶˡ
ݣϵƻ鲻ɣȻϸˣˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽҡ
˧⼸ͦæģȥ˸ˡ
һӮˣˣЩö˧ͦ˵ġ
֮󣬿Ϻ֮͸ˡ
ţϺ˸ģû˵ģ˵һ¡ݺߵúܽ
ϸ˵˻ݺһѧУ飬˵ͻͬͬϺߣܶ˶ǵһԡ
˧ϲЦտ
˧Ҳŵģһ˵ǴӸ
ֿʱӡͺܺˡʱ֪ݣȴȻԸԸϤĽ̵øڽ¿ϵ£Ǹˣ
дԽԽ࣬ӡ󣬾͸ˡ
˧ԼûʲôĻϲģĻˡȻˣֻϲЩûӵĻˣĻˣǾжԶԶˣ
˧ͦģʱĥţԺɽһĸʲôģʱ򣬱ûġ
ڣȻ˸˵Ůߵúܽ
Ů۹治
ԼĻͷ٣򵥵ĺܣŮ޹ȥӿ϶Ǻùģ
Ȼ֮ǰɽʱ򣬻˧Ҫ׸Ҳֻ˵˵ѣиĴӣӶˣ¶ҪҲòŮ׸˻Ż
Ȼˣ׸ҲŮƤӵ¸ţҲܲ۸ˡ
ôţ˧ȥһˡ
˻ع֮˧Ҳȥ˵ķ˯ģÿȥԼӲɢؾͲȥˡ
Ժкü̫̫ȥ棬Ҳò绨ŮźȻȥԼֲڡ
˧ȥʱ򣬻Ѿϴ˯ˣ˵˧ˣ̾
๫ˡ˸˵ؿŻ˧
ʮ꣬Ѿ˺ܶƣ˧ƽھӪٳ˶ӵòǲ⣬ЦǰˣкϢҪ㡣
ʲôϢʡ
СϪϺ̸˸󡣡˧
ȴθˣ˧ϸ
˧˵ˡ
˧ǰЩ̫̫һڲԹɫ֮˳Ż˧⣬һ˴ǻֺû˧ˣǸļ䲻ϰݰɣ
˧һ㶣ȷʵԺգ嶼ûУҪϸ˵Լӳôŵڳġ
д飬ͨӢķģ治ˡ
ôܼ޸ˣҿҪޣҲҪ޸˧ģֵ
˧üͷ˵ʲôֵСӣܼ޵𣿡˧ȻŮ˲٣ֵԼŮʱ򣬾ͲԸ޸Щĵˡ
οЩôֵܣ˽ʵҲûãָʲôʱҪˡ
ԼŮ޹ȥⲻǸԼ鷳ԼŮô
ôˣŵԡ˵
ƨŵԣСϪܼ޸ˡ
ǲǿＸСϪ䲻ϱˣ
ӵ֣ӷſ𣿡
ΪʲôҪСϪ޸һϳһеģίˣдС˵׬ǮиҲˣǼҿ϶ܱȣΣԸԼŮӵġ
˧ܲԼӣøԼӶ˵ֻҪǰϲ¾Ͷˣ
˵꣬ͷҲصؾˡ
˼״ʱˣϽ׷ȥ˧Ҫߣ׷û
˧ȥ̫̫ǵûˤ˼ƿ
⶯ӹڷҲһЩ
еҪҪȥӹӵ
áӹСʱҲܹΪֲ̫̫ݣͲˡ
Ǿãôڣͦ鷳ġ
Ȼˣ϶ԼŪ̫̫鷳
Ůô˯඼ôӣ
ֻһŮ˵Ļ˼ҿ϶Ƣʡ£
һߣΪܳĶ̫סԺ̫Ҳû˯
ָ̫˧أ̫ˣŪô˧ЩӶϲ̫ߵһСѾֻġ
λˣʵеɵ
˧ٷ˺ܿأҪȥٷ˵鷳˭֪үɻ˵м飬Ҫó˵ү͸˵ˣܱԹүò
죡̫ܱŵģ
Ѿ߶ʱ˵ˡ
ֵ̫ʵҲǸˣԽûԽǰڡĸŮ˲ҪúãҲֻԼһˡ
̫˵ţĿͷŵԼǰ̯Ĵڱϣ棬еġɱ䡷
Ӷ¥ǳƳ磬¥£ҲſţֻȻʵĸо
Ȼе㿴ϻ˧ˡ
ǺúùԼӰɣССͣѾдˣԺ¥
Ҫȵù
һҹȥڶ죬̫ճ𣬻վֺġ
˧ͣͻȻִ֪˧˵籨
úõģִ˧ô͸籨ˣ˧Щ⣬˹
ɨĹܣ˧ŵ籨е㲻⣺ֵͻȻҷôһ籨ɶ˼Ͳܶд֣Ȼʱܶ˷籨ΪʡǮû֣ǲȱǮôûͷûβģʲô
ӹһ
˧ߵЩСӣ˰ˣűȥɨĹ
ӹ
˴󺣣˵СøǸߵúܽǲǿˣ˧ʡ
ӹףûе顣
ûУϢǶѾķзˣ˧
ûСӹףȥ鷿̸
ִ˧ǵ籨ǿʲôˡ
Ȼˣ㿴ˣ˼Ҳʲô飬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ֻǱ˶籨ˡܺ飬϶Ҫͨ


198 ѧ
Թ, ӹ͸Ż˧鷿
˧鷿źܶĹżͼֵǵֻЩ, װӵ, ƽ˧˽Щͼһῴ
鷿˧͵֮ǰ˵ն, ˵øûϵΪϲĲǱˣ
ǡӹ
ô£˧ʡ
ܵģСϪûϵӹ鵭ġ
ʲô̰ģ˧ҲʣضԼĶӡ
ܺͶϣѾͷˡӹӹԼ, ǳ˽⡣
λۡϧûںʵļͥ
ȥҸҵ˴, ֪Ǳ, ܷܵǳ̣ջ˵Ϳʼ飬һãҪ򰤶
ͻӢ, ̯һδȰĸףСʱҲûܹ࣬Ҳܻؼȴͬ
ҵү˶ԼĹĺ, ģһֱĸչ, Ըĸ̫׽ǻӲСû׽ˡ
Լ˶ܺһ֣ܸ˻ʮ֣Ըǿúء
ʵչˣϲܿ϶ǲԸֵġ
ӹƽ˧ȴѾ
˵ʲôӸͶϣ
ǲǴ𣿹ƨͶϣ
ȻӢ͸˧дţ֪£˧֮ǰû̫£ϲ¶ǶΪ˲ġ
ӿɱӲŵˣ
ֱµͷżˡӾȻϲӣǴӾ
д˧Ҳ͵ܸŪ
ףܲϲ˶ѣҲûʲôӹ
ʲôûʲôϲֲӣ˧
ŮҲһˡӹ
˧Ѿ侲ˣͻȻӹ̰飬֪ˣ
ӹҲţǡ
Ǹô£˧ʡ
һܾˡӹ̰Ѿ׼ˡ
Ϊʲôţ˧ŻӹƽӣһͰͲĵܵܶûкӣܸǲǣ
˧⻰еˣӹΪ˧λãõܵϲƵġ
ôáӹ޶پ⡣
ĸعģعѾöˡ
Ż˧Ŀأ֧֣ܵܰڻ˧ֵ֮һľӣȫƿصģŬŬŪ֮һ
ңֶλϵѶŪ飬ҲϷ˵˵ʵǸĸšǵĶġȻѺöӡ
٣˧رضӵġ
֪Ҫ˧Ÿˣ˧Ҳô
㡭㡭˧ȷʵѶô
ôƴΪʲôΪ˶ӣ
ңǻֻӲˡ
ӹĸõúܣȸöˣ
ףҪû£Ҿˡӹ
ȵȡ˧ȥܵ˵˵㲻ϲˣҲԼ󣬾ŮӲǶŪŽŮкӡ
ףҪӣȻҪҪҪǾͲҪˡӹ
ճǻԼǴ磬ӦҪչ˺õܵãеԼͳȥһЩϹ죬Եģ˳ؼҡ
ô򵥣
ʱŶǻˣ֮ȫ۸ģʱҪԼѡ
ƾһɺݾһЩ֮ȴֲСȾ˴顣
ʱߺܶˣǶ䣬ǳڴƾŮˣĴι䣬͸֧Լ壬ΪȾΪŹϢڽͷ
ΪԼҲûʲô
ʱǲȥδģֻŵ£һһ졣
ܰ˻
ӹƽؿԼĸףܴ֪ܺԼҪʲôˣʲôŵģ
ˣҹܲǣ˧㡭Ӱɣ
û⡣ӹûôϡ
ֲеġ
˲Ҳûʲô˼
ӹ鷿Լĸס
˵󺣣ɲøǸһͲܸṩóúÿۼҲˣǵʺûġ
ѾûлʺˣӹԼĸףȥˡ
˵СʵۻϽסţһҪ⸴һҪͽᣬ˵Сʵ۳ɲ¡
Ҹ˺ܶķӣʵ֤ЩǺõġ
˵·ŪЩ·Ѿոжˣˮཨ˼·֮󣬸Ƿʲôܶࡣ
ֱռŮʿʱҪһݣɴʮԪһļ۸񣬴ֵĵط˽һǧŮ˻ȻһЩ򵥵֪ʶи˰˿ʲôģְ͵
ʿʿʱ˲٣ЩŮˣܿͱֵЩȢϱʿϷָɾˣȫµĹٱЩ˶ĺܶࡣ
ӹĥ¶ ԼŪ
ߵ飬֪
ڶһ磬ͿʼæʦˣĵһµģڱֽϿƸ¡
Ƹ²һ˶Ҫе˻ǸĻεģ̵ܽЩѧġ
һҪæҲͶˡ
ԼҪһһдãȻȥݷκͤʰѧ顣
κͤĴѧѾȥһΣǵڶȥ
κͤĴѧǳء
̻֣ûеģһһ˵ķӣȻܲ˵ľòȴǳãһ˸֪Ĺâ
֪κͤȻѧУúƾɣѧУʦȴбµĺʦӸطġ
ʦ̵ѧǸ֪ʶѧУ˲оһЩ˵ʲôġ
ߣܿκͤİ칫ҡ
κͤİ칫Ҳ󣬶õӣ֮ǰƽѧõġκҵʱóģƼֵơ
Ҳǰ칫ѵõֵǮĶˣڰ칫һͺų
ȥʱκͤڸ˵
ѧЩѧƣǺҪģǽ̲ѧ̫࣬ѧҵҪҹҲѡһκͤʮе㷢
ѧҲҪѧκܼͤᶨȻͿôˣ
ҪУ
Ҫ鷳һˡκͤ
û£µȡЦ
κ֪ͤڷһЩѧƵѧĳ·
ڹڣѧѧЩ֪ʶˣѧ֮˵ʦû·
⣬ôиʵһвʲôҪˣڡѧʲô
κͤ˵һЩ֮˾͸ˣʱѾĥŵȻȥҪ֮߸̰ø̰跨Щѧˡ
оҪľЩˣ
Ϊʲô飿κͤʡ
УһЩѧ顣óԼıʼǱͿʼѯʸ⡣
κͤһһش𣬶ٲʼ


199 
ʱ, ȫһɰѧطʶ֮ʿڰѧ
һ, ѧ, ֵ֧ġ
һЩСطΪ֮࣬һЩĻѧ, ѧĸֻѣҲġ
Ҫõ֧֣ȴѡһϺ߲ȱѧУѧǮû, ͬ⡣
ʲôҪԼ
κͤڰѧо飬ڰƽѧ֮ǰ, ͰѧУ, ְƽѧٺ˴ѧ
ĹǳĸоʼҲ˲١
һ, ܿ͵˳ʱ
ʱ䲻ˣҪҪһȥʳóԵ㣿κͤʡ
Ӧ
κͤȥѧʳá
ѧʳҲһ˵ķ, ۵ģ׷Ͳ, в̲㡢ѼƷʱߣԼһ硪÷ɲ⡣
ȻˣǮĳӵСǳӵպһ㣬϶ôóԡ
κͤҪ˳ʱߺ÷ɲ⣬óӸ档
һ·ϣһֱ˸κͤкҲ˿ҲκͤһԼǷһ߿顣
ϣиѧ˵̲˶ڷһֻӳԷһֻűһдʲô
ߵĺܶѧﶼԣκͤ
ʱһЩ֪ѧѧյĲߣѧһ࣬ȫɹҳǮģһЩѧ䲻ƶȴҲû̫ǮСܵĽͱȲЩȨƵĸԣ˼ҵүȻǿϺôѧġ
κͤĴѧǸЩһᡣ
κͤĴѧ֮Ҫ죬ȥõĴѧ뷨ӳ
ȻˣЩȻвԣҲ̫ѧУ֮ԳԷ˵ģҪΪʡǮʲôġ
УΪ˾塣
ңǲǱŷӿԼκͤЦ㲻ҲڰѧУ
ȷʵ˺£Ӧ໥һ¡Цˡ
κͤһЦֵġɱ䡷дغܺãôдˣɱ䡷Ȿ飬κͤͦϲģڰϣӰӡ
ϲŮӡ
ǿ˿һϣԸС
簢㲻ҪһҲҪ
ҲǸʦ̫æˣ⽶ûա
̫æˡ̾
ҲǡκͤԺдЩƪͶ壬Ѹߡ
Ӧ
κͤĴѧûװƣϾ̫ˡ
ˣѧɻҹսʳóԹߵʱ򣬾Ϳܶѧ͵Ǳȥ
κͤһ뿪ѧУǰ¶ԺҪȥҸ̰ҪȥκԲԲ
ߵſڣѾˣ֮ǰڸưλ
̰һ¶ԭĻư˾̾ͿҲˡ
ˣԭҪȥưκͤȲѡ
ǻҵĳ
ҵĹϵ治κͤ˵ҪȢǻС㣿
ôĴԣЩȣҸǻС㲢޹ϵ
û£κͤҲЩȣȻû뷨ǸС㱣־ΪãŮǸΪ𣬶һᡣ
֪ݲᣬҲںνǵȷʵӦˡ
ܿ͵˹¶Ժ
¶ԺĵһӣģѾʱͬʱʱģͻȥơ
һֱЩӴڹ¶ԺǲʵģǼͷ˵Ǹϧڵ
ͷСʬˡеģ𽫻ǶǶ·ߵ˺ᣬɴӵʬȥ
ܽ¶ԺĺӣʵѾǳˡ
أκԲԲһκͤͳ˳һͷκͤĻ
κͤ̾ͽЦ춼ʲô
κԲԲߴߴ˵ͣ
κͤĸǰҹκԲԲûɹ֮󣬾ͻϼȥˣôЩκԲԲˣÿЦӯӯģǳϲ
κͤŮˣȥҸ̰ˡ
Դ͸̰ڸǰ·ڼٲˣÿͬ棬˶ܿƣڲ֪ҲǸرöѡ
Ȼˣȥ飬ܲܶˡ
û죬˧յϺġ鱨ϸдӺ顣
Ǹһ׷ɱһֱͬͬ˵ڻȥɨĹ¼Ǳߵ˵˵ӻͷˣ
˧֮ǰˣûôˣҪϽܣȴҲǲܵġ
˧ߵزǸç򡭡˧ҵԼǸһֱŬ˵ҪŮ޸ӣԸˣСϪ޸
ģϲɫ
Ȼģ̰һˣȢСϪ˧
ûס
˧͸һ¡
ˣ
˧Ƽٲе顣Լӵ˽⣬ӣ϶Ҫȥڶˡ
ӶŸɣֻˡ
£ѵ˶֪˧
̾Ͳˣ˧״ָһһй¶ȥ
ֻܺӦȻһû˯
ӻһֱ׽ˣȻҪ׵Ǻã
˳ӣбĶأңҲʮ꣬ӣҲûġ
һʱ䱯档
˧ͻȻãԼǲʲôˣӻת⣿
ߵ飬
ϣ±ٴУһڵϣ±ϣȻСǡǵġ
һÿǵѧҵǽȥԴ䣬£㱻ιȥ
һβ֪ס˶ٶߵģԡǡⲿС˵֮ǵˣҲ̲ס뿴ݡ
ϣ±һУͱһա
ȲؿȻͷ֡ѧҵԴ䣬һɥĲ񡱵顣
ԴѧҵǺ֮ǵģὫѧҵôϾѧҵõģ塣
˼ȥһģɴཫѧҵ˯ѧҵҪһԼĺӣ
ңһԼѧҵύˣáԼУǷǳյˡ
дεʱ򣬾еڲ٣Դ˵ȷʵһõĵ·
Ȼˣѧҵ˵еˡ
ҪԸŮʹˡ
ѧҵжŮˣ֮ǰӲŮ˻£ԺһӶ˻ĺһʬӻС檻кΪ岻ûźĸף˰ơ
ڣҪԸһˡ
ѧҵҪ˳ȥһŮӡţ˾ţЩռ˱ˣԴһֱ˶Ű˻
ѧҵ󡭡Ļˡ
ʱѧҵĸˡ
ѧҵĸףһֱǲϲԴģ֣Դ䡱ˣǳܶǱŷӴĥ
£ڣֺֺЦģдʱһֱŬ֮дû졣
ѧҵҪԼĸ׾ĸײĻ
̰ΪⱾĵһߣʱ򣬾ͱˣû뵽ϱ֮飬Ȼ˽⡭
ǰ١ִʱżӾ磬ǹ̳кܶزˡʱҪȡϢ̫ˣ
̰ȴ뵽˱𴦣ĸǸĸԶϱܲã
֪̰ˣĸ˻ǲģ˺صʱĸһֱһֱڹ۲죬Сʱʶ˲顣
ԭˡ̰
̰֮Ҳôһ䣬µŮӣȴвٸͬܡ
ţҲģǿҲ˳ۡ
ɷڼðþƺòˣɷڼңϡ
ҸŵеͻɷվǱߡ

ִϱìҲصúܣ˵ʱˡ
ʱŮˣǲŹģɲڼжȥ˵Ĺע
ȻˣҲվߣںܶϱǲصģ
ͬʱĶҲһЩ̾Ϊֹ
ô벻Ȼ顭
̬ǡ
ҶԺ֣ǿ̻ľ֣˸п
ΪӣȱһݶŮӵͬġ

Ȼˣʡģˣˡػðɡ
дĶԽԽˣ
дʲô߰ģ
¥ЩˣǺ죬ŪڵŮһԽԽ񻰣

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Ϻضȫŵĵط֮һˣˣˣ˼뻹ɵġ
ͷǹ⣬Ů˶ûʲôȨ˵ˡ
⣬÷չҲкܴĹϵھòĵطߵŮԣ̫Կˡ
֮ǰС˵ϲģڣȴ˺ܶ˵ķС
˷ԣȴҲһЩ֧֣ʱϺһһˡ
ʱŮӣܶѾѹŴʹˣǻҪء
νأһǴŮӵķڿʼģǵĸǿʼʱ򣬻һ鳤ĲסǷزһȦһȦֲ֮Ϊ
ŮҪǲأᱻΪģᱻ˿𣬲ˣеŮӣƶΪ
Ůǻǻ뾡취װԼ
ʮ󳡵һЩŮΪ˺ÿûأ洩һɴ£ԼŪüΪջ
ͬʱǻ⽫ӿ̣п㣬¶СȻֱ
ʱ·ټϹʲôģŮ˵Σһ㶼ģôһڣʱͲһˡ
¥Ůװ磬ܿͱЩ³ŮѧˣһЩװŮӣſء
һУ˸ľʿЩڱֽϣٹ¥ˣʼЩŮ
лҪ˵
1918죺ϺԱȷºʡ𣺡Ůһ֮·ʵΪͳԢĿߡŮֱ¶1ңŮ1࣬죬򴩷ۺɴģɴ֮ɴ⾡¶
1920꣬Ϻ棬ֹһ·ΪС̻¶ֻġʽײ࣬䡰ҡΪ֣ʱ䣬ɺͳװ̻ۡ¶ߣ׼³Ͱ졣մ˹棬ŮֻҪŵ¶顢¶첲Сȵķװͽٴ֮֡
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ʱи˶С˶Ȥ׿԰ٶһ~
ͼܿˡ


200 Ƹ
ֽϺ, ʱûչܡ
һѾϰ, æƸʦ
ѧУǺܻ, ʦҲס
ʱʦֻѧʣ˿ʦĲѧ, ȴעʦƷ£еʦһԹ
ϾһнƷ²õʦܻѧܵ˺
ʦе֮㽫Щʦúѵһ
ʦ, һ磬Լ½ɵѧУ
κͤĴѧռز, ѧУռǺܴ, һؼ۱ˣͶһЩһ棬ѧУ, Ǵġ
ѧУѾ˺ܶ෿ӣһЩǽˢе÷ǳĸɲݵʯң⣬ʲô, ҲѾȥˡ
ͻˣһѾˢʯҵķʦġ
ⷿȻˢʯ, ȴأ񣬽һЩոõĿӣ̨ϣӡ
ݡ얥ͷѿˣϡ
얥ͷѿϺ֮һֱѧУ飬ǽӴ֮ѾǰæŮӼѧУѧУˡ
ŮӼѧУѾʾҪУˡ
ڱֽϵ˹ģʦʱǽ磬ԼǰһЩӡ
ЩӣЩʦġ
ѧУֻ̹ĺѧſΣһЩǸʦľӣһЩǸѧʦľӣ֮⣬׼һʴ
ʴϣʵĶѧУ﷢ʲôʲô飬ôһ⣬ǣһѧѧУ裬Σ
һ⣬ǣѧУкο
ЩĿûб׼𰸵ģǰӦƸ˻شܹܴ֮пǵ
ʵϣӣݻз얥Լѿˣģ֮ǳ̸һΡ
ʦҪߣݿϵֽţ̲ס
Խ˵ˣ͸иҪ󡣡ʱʦкܴȨģ巣ѧڴʱ쾭ġ
û㳹׸ıĽ״Ҳı䲻ˡϣԼѧУʦùˡ
֮ǰݷ얥̸̸ľⷽ顣
СģӦõġ얥Ҳʵ얥ʱһֱʦѧӦõģ򲻳ٹһЩ֮󣬾;ȷʵˡ
ʦƷ¸еģҲ֪ЩŰΪ֣ѧУﲻСĽʦûע⵽Ȼѧܿ࣬ҪΪѧûɵ
ѿͬصͷѿܼҾãòڣСЩʦͿģʱͰʦһȨƵѧʱ˪
ѧУյѧȨô򵥣Ҳ˵ЩѧܿίҲ֨
˵֮󣬾ʦ½½ˡ
ʦҪ󲻵ͣʦнˮҲͲͣڴʱܶСѧʦһнˮֻ߰ԪʱнˮʮԪ˵ֻҪֺãÿµ׺ףн
֮ǰƽѧʦһõǶʮԪнˮѧʦнˮ͵ˣʱܵѧʦ˺٣ܵСѧʦȴܶ࣬ʮԪҲͲˡ
ӦƸģǴʲô֮ͻһѧľٸһʴڽ
ʮףһʱ侹ˣһЩģֻſڵţӳˣٽȥ
λǰӦƸѧУһ緹ڽ֪ˡÿӦƸˣô˵
ͨͨѶ㣬һ˲ףҪѡġ
ЩȫûҲЩ˿׵Ļ֮󣬾üͷ
ˣȻ
ЩųӦƸߣЩʧ䡣
ƸʱصдһŮӦƸһŮ˶ûС
ЩӦƸ˵ʱЩӦƸˣҲ
ͺܹע
ǿ˱ֽϵƸ֮ӦƸġ
סеԶ׾ֹͲưֻ糵
ͭԪ糵ָ֮·һСʱˣվڽš
ӴƸͺС˵澹ȻһŮӣٲе档
ȻˣߵˣͲǺˡ
ѧУµģȻЩˣ˲
һ˵澹ȻŮӣһŮǵľӣǺ⣿
̨ĪʦѧУһŮУŮڳ֡
ҵȵľӣܸܲŮ˿

Щ˿얥ᣬѾˣٿôŮˣȻˣȴû˦ߡ
ǼȻӦƸˣ˵ҪݹûаıǮ
Ȼߣ໥֮䣬ȴٲûᱧԹһ
Ҳͳ岻⡣
Ҫˣʲô
˼¥Ϊ׬ǮԷȥӵģʲô
ôţ˵Ǳ˵ˣ
ʲô˵ü
֪мǸ˭𣿡˵
˭Щ˺档
֮ǰѧУ¥ʽģ˵м˻˭
¥˾
Ǿϲϲ¥С˵û뵽Ȼл¥
ŵЩԭЩͷˣ֪֮󣬾Ͷ
ʱ򣬵һȥԡˣѾ½½þˣǽ֮󣬳ˣ棬
УԭеǮģ˲СѧֻСѧҵûǮˣͽһҩѧͽ
ԭѧͽ֮лѧҽģʦȻ˺ȥˡ
ʦĶӣϵãֱӰɨسˡ
嵱˼ѧͽֻѧҩģȥҽǲеģȥıְλһʱҲ
ΪǰƼֽƸʦĹ棬дֻҪҪƾͺԥˡ
⼸δѧһֱûѧϰӦƸ뵽֮ǰĹˣӦƸʦģ˵ԼԽѧ
Ѿ˰ɡ˳һѧӣһʴ
áЩ˵ӹӣһֻǦʣȥλ
ѧӣžòѣʴӣȴЩ֣ǰԼ뷨һһˡ
ӣͱһϢٲ˵ӵ顣
ǾϵĿʲô߰ģ
ʦҪѧô飿
ѧУͲŮŮ겻ͬϯŮŮһ飬ʲôӣ
¥ңһˣʵڹ֣
һһ



201 
, ӦƸˣ㶼ˡ
˵ʵ, ЩӦƸ, ͦʧġ
Щ˼붼ܹŰ壬磬һӦƸŮӶûС
, в㹻ʦ
һߡ࿼һϵġӡʱѾܶˣûп꣬ۿʱ䲻, ͷԸߵȸЩӦƸȥʳ, ͵ȿ˾ȥԷ
Щʦ׼ķ, ʢ
ÿһƬŷĺţһ弦ټزһһ㶼ˡ
ŷ, ֻýһ°ˣҲֵõģٷ棬˵ҲҪһëǮܳϡ
ô, ̻
ֻǣ, Χȴкܶ˲⣬ǲĵ㣬ĪǵľӣȻŮ˿ˡ
һŮˣƾʲôǵľӣ
ЩмѾܻˣԽ˵Խ֮ûΪҪ⹤
ЩӦƸģܶѧû꣬ЩѹûнܹʽһнʮԪнĹǶ᲻÷ġ
һ߱Թˣһ߻ѷ˳Եøɸɾ
ûγɴģֳڣ⻹Ǽ۸񶼲ˣͨ˼ûԵġ
忴ӣͦЦġ
ȳȫ꣬ǽߣˡ
ӦƸģһһʮһˣѡʮˡ
λѧУҪʦѾѡϵġһֵˣһ£˿뿪ҹף׼Ʒ͸λλߵʱԴߡ
ЩӦƸˣǺܿģϾʱĶ˺ֵǮһĸ
Щˢȥûʲôѧʲ˵˼뻹ܹŰ壬Ҳǡ
ѡ׼ƷֽõͲ㣬䲻ֵ̫ǮҲһ⡣
˿û濴Լ֣˸ߣҲɫѿؿü飬ĵɡ
ڳ忴Լ֣ϲɫʱ򣬾һѾ٣ųӵ˽ӣ̹ѧΪûҵ֣
ע⵽֮ǰһֱԹ֮һ
֮˵ʶϵˣѧԶңΪѡˣȴѡˣ
⵽ôѡģȫƾϲãͱˡ
ǰûô飬üͷ΢壺λѡʦֻѡʵġ
ʲôʵģ¥ɣд¾дЩ߰飬ƸҲԼˣŪǣ
ǵľӣ㾹ȻŮģ
Ů˾͸ڼӣŮһǰѧѧУýˣ

ЩһŭӲá
Ƹ˵Ƿŵúܿˣˢȥģһ۾ܿġ
ʱɵ˴ͬΪıѧУȻǰ첻õģǣ
ȵȡ
£ʣŭ֮£Щڴ
žǸµİɣóһžӸ˿˺ӣӡ
ȷʵ˵
˽ӣѧҲԣˣˣѧУ򲻸Ҫġʴﹲʮ⣬˵Ĵ𰸣ǾòѧУĺʲô⣬ô
ʦͷôҪˣ
㣡ˣһˣŪʲôŮѧУѸһȺŮӶҲ֪ҪʲôǶȻͬ۵ģ
˵Ҫߡ
˼֮ˣ濴ʲôģ
ˡ
֮ǰЩֽʱǲˣҲЩ˷ϻҵѧУôȻҵģλģ뾡뿪
Щɵˣһ˸ɾһѾѡϵģˡ
ǣЩ֮ǰȻ˲͵ĸ㡣

ڣЩģŶ
Щ˵ѧУĴָǩԼȻһһӡˢõдѵʱһЩעСӣ뿪
֮Ǽ˲ſʼ緹Եʱ򣬻̲סЩǿЦڿ˵ŮӲܿǵľӡǵѧʣȵ𣿡
ݵĹȲЩĳЩˣѧǵڳ˵ģҲȲ
ϾûϹѧȴڹϹѧģƳɼͦá
ˡ
⻰ͦ˵ģʱֵԣҪŬı
ݵ˵ͷ
ʱһŮ˵𣺡ʣƸʦ𣿡
̧ͷͿԼŮվڲԶʻģһƤƫڵġ
ǵģҪʦԥ˵ŮĹ֮󣬲֪ǶϺˣŮѧУСѧǻӦƸйءǿС˵ҵ
ŮĵƵ֮ϲϲģں档
ŮǩԼ½˼ˣЩ˶еģΪԭˣȴҲһŮӣŮӡִʱֵġ
࣬һ˵ŮˣҲһʷֵŮˡ
ŵڣСܵܺõĽòѧʶˣδǰӵమĽߣ˲磬Ǽ˸ϲұӡ
ʱŮӣұУˣûţǳˡ
Ȼڡɱ䡷д˵ǱĲʵϣʱǷǳټģŮ飬͸ˣ֮󣬾ͱҸˣҲ޼ҿɹ顣
δ٣һŮӰı繤д˺ܶ£ҵһйͬԵˣԷˡ
ǡҵйͬԵˣ֮ǰӻкӵģΪ˸飬ԭˡ
ǶһԭԭҲһ֪ôۺá
һǿ϶ģǾǹ£дĺá
ƽܶ࣬Ǽ˹࣬벻û飬Ҳû˵࣬»ûһΰұɷ顣
ɫ԰ףźǿδ˵¹ظе
˽Կࡣ
Ƹ죬֯Щʦѵѵ죬ַֽŮӵ飬ֵøˡ
˰ΰѧУ˳˵һЩʮŮȥ飬֪ʲô˼
˶ˣȻҲС
һЩŮ˲֪㣬һЩЩ˼¶첲뵽ȫ뵽˯˶ġ
˫ôڱֽòɿܶϱӳݵʱˣ³ˡ
лҪ˵
³Ѹ˵ģһӣ뵽׸첲뵽ȫ㡢壬뵽ֳ뵽ԡ뵽ӡ뵽˽ӡй˵ΩһܹԾ


202 ݽ
ִʱ, ȥһȾʱ, е˶Ƚ, ǿŵģʵϲˡ
ʱ˶ܹŰ塣
ѵŵ㱨, һţߵ͵ѧУʱЩƸʦûͿֽ
ȻͿЩԼִʱͺ˶ͦԼΪŮ˵, ȴڷԡ
ֽһƬܿͽ֮һ߲, Ҳʱ, Ƹʦǣ½½ˡ
εѵֻЩʦŮʦ, ȫɻݸ𡣶ݳҪƸŮʦ˼빤ҪŬһЩŮʦ
ŮʦףЩŮԼԸ⣬ǵļҲǲԸ, ɻݳ棬ȴǷǳ׵ġЩŮӵļΪ˸Ҹùϵ, ϶ԸŮŻµġ
οŮУʦĹƵˡ
ǩһűȻȥסһ¶ʮٳϡϵıЩʦд
ʱЩʦסѧУΪʮѵѵҪ˼뷽ġ
ΪܰãصشӻӢĹ˸رóԹ˼빤˻ڵѵҪ˻з얥ѿܵġʱ䲻࣬ѧУ
죬϶ҲҪ˵ʲô
ЩӦƸʦ֮ǴȥٺãȻʮң˾£һ
ѧУĹ㳡Ϸ˽
￴λҺܸˡԺǾͬˣһŬ
ѧУҳʽģѾԪҲܸҴ档֪һܺ棬ΪʲôҪѧУҿԸǣҾϣܸңһЩ˲š
һҵδһʶֵģмʶĺӣҵδܶһֹ
ҵ΢СԸ߾ȫΪԼʲô
ǽ̵ģǺӣδ
ڣǿǵĹһѾռǺܶأԺ󻹻ռ࣬ǲվǵͿҪ
ҪվֻһСˣֻ־ɳǣܶǵһƬ죡

˵˺ܶࡣ
ϣЩʦ԰ѧУҪҪЩʦĹε塣
˵ĻִҲʲôʱЩվǰˣһӯ¶
֮һ
ѧУӦƸֻΪиڵĹһ̣ͻȻʶԼĹʥġ
֮ǰף¥ΪʲôҪЩѶ飬ȴףȷʵԸıܶ˵ˡ
ϣ˶ܳԱϣ˶ܲϣеĺӶѧ
ϣ˶ܳԱϣ˶ܲϣеĺӶѧڳеʦԽԽ
ѧУйæߵĶ˺ܶ๤˵ĹעʱЩҲź
һʱ䣬ѧУﵽǡϣ
һսûûˢķӺ棬̰ԶŶߵЦ
ͦõġ
߰ɡ̰
ٲȥʡ
á̰ȥ
̰ͦõģĺ飬ֻάֵӢĹ
յӢ˾͸һţĸд˼ģ˵ĸ׵زϻȥ
̰ûǰ֪ԼĸΪԼϲ˵˺ü죬˵ˣڵĻ
˵ˣĸû£쵣Ūĺ
緢籨Ҫ£ֱӸҷ籨ٸĸ͵Եõӻȥ̰ȻӿԼĸ׵Ųˣż
ʱȴǸЩƸʦһԷ
óߵ뼤Щָ֮ǽУ档
У涨˲٣һǾǲʦѧܴˣڣĹҶڴǣˣһԼԼѧúѧϰ£Ըң֮ѧ˾Ͳˡ
ȷʵӦˣЩʦ׷ͬ
һ巣£ǲ޳ɵġ൱ˣҪ巣ſѧϰѧҪã
ѧУ࣬ʱ䲻ˣȥƽҽԺ
ƽҽԺǳ֣滹вˡǴ죬ð෢ڣܶ˻ðƫƫʱһЩصĸðҪ
ûǮ˲ֻӲţǮȴҽԺˡһЩرǮˣϧǮƸð
ãԼбҪԼϱӵдģΪóֿµĳϸϸϯȫĹǰд
Ȼˣڲż
ϡûá
ֱȥ˸̰İ칫ҡ
̰ڰ칫ˣ֪̰ȥӢĹˡ
Եһ£Ӧúܿͻˡź˶
һ̰Ȼˡ
Դӱ¶ݣ̰Ͳǰһº͵ЦݣǰһֱֵغºͣɫʵЩѿ
̰ôˣʵ
ҵõϢӢܴɽ˰͹̰ǵĹҲսˣǲսʿսӦõġǲ͹ȥҲпԭܽ˴ߣͲԾˡ
̰Լĸ׵ŵʱЩˣһȣ㲻ʲôˡ
üͷһ塣
һսʮй͹ȥӢ飬֪ģ֮ǰҵݸͨŵʱ
ʱ߻٣Ӣս֮˿Ӧû٣ȱͶȱͶǣ˵ǹҴһЩˣȥڻҡ
ֻǣѵܲˡ̰˧Ҳܲ¡
͹£˵ͷġ
ʲô̰
ҪǸĺôǺô
һսйսʤʱܶйǰ裬ϣΪսܹĵ¹ռɽȵأܻйǵҪ󱻳ӣЩطȫձġ
Ӣ͹鳹˵ףǲǵĹκκô
̰Ҳ뵽һ㣬ʱú⡣
ö羡ѹȥɽ֡ĸо


203 Ʒ
ֱӳƺӢΪ硱, ̰֮ԭúࣺܶѾȥɽ, ˲ٻȥ
Ǿͺá, 뵽͹飬üͷ
ֵ̰ʵӢҹ͹, Ҳһǻ¡
һ㶣ô˵
սıʾ棬ⳡսҲ⣬ӢߵӮ󡣡̰Щ͹Ѿˣ鲻ܸ, Ҫģ跨еõ档
̰˵ʱ, ʲô鶼û, ֻһ˫۾ؿ
ǵĹҪⳡսеõôͲûиЩ͹ǹҵĸ
һ
֪̰ôǶԵ, ֻﵽеܣƬ̣Ҫõ棬¾Ҫ
ԭʷ, Щ͹Ӣ, Ӣͨڣܶ඼֪Щй˵Ĵڡ
һս˻ףڻﻭ23սʤ˺͹죬Ψûй
ǵġ̰
̰ܰռһЩɽ͹ⳡսйصҪд¡
̰Ҳ͵û⡣
˵꣬óһЩֽŸѾһˡ
Ÿ̰ϣٽԼļ䣬ԴʱҲ㹻˽⡣
һ꣬ձ˵£й˵һսԴ˻ȡЩҸľ֧Ԯ
ͬʱӢʼɽƸ͹
֮ѡɽһǾɽ˸ߴǿ׳ܸɻΪɽʱѾձռˣò
ƭʶֵй˵Ҫǳ򹤣ƭǩԼװߡ
ЦֵԡӦΪȡһݹƽǴ
ʱܶ͹ӢǩģǴԼ
ʵϣֻһ꣬һսΪʱ˫Դľ̫ˣȻЩ͹ûؼңòǺܶͬ磬ǵƭǵǿؽ԰
Ӧõġ̰
˶ûʲô
ʱڣķǳҡ
ֽʱأвõϢǳ¸ͣ
մԽʱ򣬻еԽܣȴϰˡ
﷢˺ˮߣľڴ̣ȫأʱʱ̶̿˷
Ϻ˹¶ԺһЩ˵Ĺ¶ǵԻ֮ǰǸ죬·Ȼкͯʬ塣
˼ҵĺӲ֮󣬿𲡣׾ͻزۡ
ΪˣǲܰɥµģҲ첻𣬺ܶ˼ҾͻֱӰѺӵʬˡ
ˣǾ͸ˣͬʱΪƶʱɱ֮Ҳܶࡣ
һʼֻ͵һף˷֮ɱȫĲҰڱֽϿ
һУڵ֪Ӣͬʷһ㣬ɽ͹ʱܣڲܽܡ
ǣԼѹԼͬڻƷʵڲʲô顣
ڴдС˵ҲֻдС˵ˡ
Ϊ˶Ըձˣ˳ɱҴߵд£õķҲࡣ
վһ˵ݣдⲿС˵
һսڼ䣬кܶͬй͹˸й͹ѣ͹ŷޣȢŮΪޡһ˵дⲿС˵˽ܡ
һйȥŷ޵һй͹ĴΪͷȻдڵһսָ˵顣
ΪⲿС˵˳ŷ޳棬ֻдй͹˵ҪС˵һӢˣд̫͹Ŀ
ûⲿС˵Ҫ취ŷ޳档
͹飬ڹڴùڵȺ鼤⣬ûôֻӢ֪ͨй˵ĸҵϲ㣬ĨɱйĹ͡
˵ƽҽԺд
ûϿʼдС˵Ͼս˽⡣
дС˵һֱ죬ҲҪһʵϱġ
͸̰һؼҵʱʱ䲻ˣѾˡ
磡񿴵˹̫ˣ
ô˵ͤͤ񣬵˺ܶࡣ
磬ڲùˣã
֮ǰˣһһֱ֪ʱڵ˶Ҳ֪ʱֵͦģŮ˹лݽеڳԼ·¶ؿڡʱص˷ǳأŵˡر𿪷š
˵ǱѹֵؾˣͲò
֮ǰʵһֱԹصľ˽⣬ϾǸˣѹͲעЩ
һֱ˱ֽ֪ԭôأһֱΪӦûйصģϾСĽСһʼƼʱݣһֱƽء
ǵȻˡǰǰʼС׵ģһֱۣڲˡ
Ůһֻۣǲǰ˵ġ
ЩûʲôģҾûҪ̸ܶϾΪǲ˵˲Ų֪ǵʹࡣֿ磬ʵضҺ˵ǺõģֻҪһףûˣԳñȽϷŮ˵ķǳѺáƫƫ־ãصģشģǲ֪ܵˡ֮ǰһһع˶ûйأͱ˵˵Ǵ¸ȥˣ̾ȥС
1915 ꣬Ů־ͿϺһλŮѧ£ŮãصΣȲ㡣
Ϊʵûеģ峯ĩų֡
֪Ӻʱ𣬺ܶ˾ŮشǳªŮӾͿʼأƽΪصŮӣΪ¸
ǣֻЩũ壬ŮˣŻ᲻ء
һŮǿɲΪ˲˾Լʧأ
ɱ׽֮㣬׸֮ؼΡǱֽʱֵĻСŮӻãһЩشŮӽԼյ̫ǻŪëΣģ㲻ôصģҲѡ
ǰŷ޹ֵ׷ϸܶŮܺʵҲûʲô
֮ǰһֱֶһһϦܳɹģֵֽû̫࣬Լ֮󣬾ȥæѧУˣڣбҪһ
Ĳ˵˶ڣġأҪʮԪĹ涨ǰ֣Ǽõġ
ͻȻ֣ԼԽԽæˡ
Ҳǻ¡
ҪæˣҲܲЩ͹ˡ֪£ȴı䣬ڶûаȡʲôͦܵġ
ڴϣðһ뷨
ҪдһŮдһңŮΪŮϲϸӣǾ͸ӯӯһյ衣


204 Ů
Ů, վıдд÷̣дһѪ, , Ϭķ磬ʵġ
ͬʱΪд, ¿Զһ㣬־㹻ڣҲûдƪġ
¿ƪһзӣը, ΪԼû뵽Ȼ˹, һȫȻİ, Ϊĵط
İյĴŴ磬зݽŸƣ, ǽȻ෴ġ
Ůӣ㶼ĸߴˣǻ, ҲӰǵж֮, ǻָܺܿ
ӡӣһýСˣò绨
ΪˣطŮΪģŮڡ
ԽӣһŮմ½ӻصĶӣ˵ĳ֣һģһ
ŮƶȢһˡһ֮Ȣ˸ò绨ĸӸͰµĳ˸ˡ
ǰ⸻ĶӵĶ׶һС㲻ˤˤȣٲμӿƾûǰ;⸻᲻ðԼǧòСӼ޹ȥµĴӣս½ҽѷ޸ǶȵľС㡣
Ȼĳ࣬Ůʵе㲻ܿ
Ƥ˼ҵĶȣԵôֲڣˣ׳˶ִ֫󡭡ŮΪܡÿһ㣬ͲԶߣüϸ
ԭķԱҪܵһ˽»ӱԼôˡ
֮Ŀס˴Խķ
Ǳɴ˿ʼ
ڶ𴲺󣬾ȥѧУȻʼд¡
ڣôþ䣬һֱ뵽˺ȴĪؾһдǧ֣ŷϵıʡ
ʱѾʮһ㣬緹ˡ
ˣһǳٵģǮһֱһ٣ڳһ򲻿ˣѧУѵʦѧУ﹤Ĺˣʮһң㶼ܳ緹ˡ
Ȼˣ˫ԵĶǲһģЩ˳ԵԲһЩЩʦԵȴʵ
߳Լİ칫ҵʱʦѵѾˡΪῴЩʦڽ̸ۣû뵽ȥʱ򣬾еʦ濴飬ǿĲʲô鼮ǴʱСѧα
վڴ⣬Щϲ
濴顣
ǰû̹飬αùģϾܹҲû飬ǿαػؿˣɲͻᱳˣ
ʱһ߿飬һĥҪôѧѧϵݡ
忴һſαȥˣʦ仰ô֪ͣ仰˼֪Ҫô˵
ٱԼеģһЩʲôģˣ֮󣬴¾֪˼ˡ
ΪʦҪѧ͵ģɲֻԼ֪ƫƫ岻֪Ҫô͡
ѯоˡ
ʦһͣ̾ͿʼʼǣΧҲһǴѧһ㡣
Ƚ꣬ʦҼж˽¿ҾŻȥ˽Щк֪ܶʶҶÿһ
ҽЩ£Ǹøѧǽģ̾͵ʦл
ﵱʦģǼûǮģǶ¿ÿһڶȴûУʱ׷׸ʦл
лǾͼһ㶼ųԷûע⵽վڴ
ߣڽ̨ϱεķ얥ǿôˣ
һأôȥԷ
ҶŶѧһ㡣얥ǲ֪ǾһֱѧϾŵࡣ
ҶôŬ
ֹĹ˶ŬӰˡ얥
ߵ棬ͿһȺƾ·ĹˣȻظɻ
Ů̧ľͰǳԷǻǸϵĻٳԣ
Щ˵ţָ
ʱмŮ˴żľͰſڣˡ
ô͹ˣȡѧУʳõģЩ˵ķʳ͵ϣʦǣȥʳóԵġ
⼸ŮʻЩµһӱȽϴĳЦЦʳ·Զ˷ʱ䡣
õôţ˵ǾͶлˣܿЩ꣬ʡʱ飡
˵ţԹ룬ʢһ뷹Ȼһ⣬һײˣͳԵ÷ɿ졣
ЦһҲȥԷ
ԷģԺõʱĹˣѾа극ڸɻˣƸʦҲвѾѧϰ
Щһɾ
Ǹϣ
ԹĴһȦȻֲһգЩ˾˺ܶ
Ҫһ£ѧУȫ깤ˣϾҪķӣν
ȷӸǺãܿʼˣڴڼ䣬ٶƸһЩʦ
飬ͻȻܳһ͹ˣֿͷ
ʲôһ
㣡˵иӣѧУô
Ǹ߽һ˫ֺںѣһΪ紵˿ͣСؿǵ۾ϣ
ѺӴҿѧУҪӵġ
ѧУеʦûʲôģĥţһЩѧǶ͹أҲǼ¶
ʱѧɲִЩȥ׶԰ϤѧУĺӣǸʱ򣬿϶Ϊ֪ѧУĹض֪룬ÿϤѧУĺչһ֪ĺӣǾͺúܶˡ
Ҳиӡ
ҼҲкӡ
ܶ๤߳Ҫ¹
ǲ¹򡣼кӵģԴѧУŮѧУյġǺѧǵƤҿ϶Ҫߵġ
ӦõģȻ˵˲¹򣬵Щ˸֮£¹ͷ
ʣѧУզŮӣ
Ůϸܶ๤ҪŮŮѧǻ֯ë֮ա
Щ˶ʱϲѧУȻգ
ֵŮѧУѧ¶ǮסֻҵѧУ߻֮࣬ǶǲǮġ
ѧգͲøǮ
Ǵˣ
һҼҵŮ

Щһ˼ˡ
ʱǮ˼ңܽ࣬Ů¶Сȶǲ棬յǲԶԲˣ˭
ѧУҪеĶô˵֮Щ˾ͷ׷׸Ϣˡ
֮ʹģѾ˺ӣЩû׵ģҲеֶֶܵŮ
СѧҪеѧǲ̫࣬ǼŰѺ


205 װ
ִʱδϹѧ, Լ˽⵽ѧУġ
ô׶԰ʼ, ľǵõ˽׶԰, Сѧֱ˽ѧУСѧĳиУҲ, ڴѧڸеʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽˹ƴѧ
ʱýһЩѧУĲ˵˵СѧҪѧ, ҪԼҳ˵Ƿǳˡ
ĸƬԿ, ͶѧУѧ, һǴŵ壬ŷǳġ
ڣԵЩѧȴȻͬ
ʱѾ£Ҳ, ϰߣʱھϴ裬ҲõŵģЩǴĺ, һŶǺܾûϴģ, ɢһɹζ
ǵֲܴڣͷһżʭָںģЩ͵¶ԺĹ¶ûʲô
ÿӣ˼䣬Ȼע⵽Щȫηηġ
̾
Щȱģ²ǽš
еĺӶݣ·ҲƣԹ֮󣬷ЩӴûģȴҲһر𱿣ʮ˻˵
ر𱿵ģȻǲҪģʣµģ֮ĵһ£Ǵȥϴ裬ר˸ͷЩͷ
ǼסһʭеĺӶãеĺӶãһʼȫͷ
αǴĺӣһоʮǰٺãͼдŮ
Ůܼ򵥣ǷǸŮΪĵطְˣζǳŨ
˵˵ôֵ߳ȥ
µӣҪ˵ġ
㾹Ȼܳȥֱ֪ܡ

ֽϺܶŮ˵Ļ⡶Ů䵽˷ϡ
𷴿ҪӳţǺáΧŮȫѹ²˵ΧЩӣҲв
ڵһϢģ̧˻Σ޸Ƕȵţռ޹ȥͱ̫ѿŮոߵС˻죬ȫ
ˣʱֶ˵Ůһ㣬༸ġ
Լû£ܲסԼŮˣί
ӾҪ£

һʱз̫̫к֪Ĵˣô㡱˺Ժ
ϸдôġдʮŷŮдģдرʵҲᵽʣӰˣΪֺŮˣӣȫС
ǰ˺󣬾ͱüΣΪ̫׳Եʣ˽ȷϸ
˵Ǻˡ
ѧУĵһѧʼӦѧУʱġŮдˣдȽ֮˸̰
£д治̰õһеۡ
ȻºãҪΪŮӵѹȣ쾡µд˳
ԴӷԼϲˣ̰ʱ˼ŮӵĿҲı䣬ڿ£Ǹп
ǫ飬ڸ̰ǰɲ᣺ǣдܲôҪҪһڣһ£
̰Цһڣֵ£ʺ¥ǲҪҵı
ˡһֱдЩű߼ʵĹ£ʵǷġı
Ҳá̰֪иר˸ıСΪһƪһƪķǳңڶûпȫ
ĥҪȥ֮룬úÿ
ôţӢˡ
Ӣװȱֻϴףһ͵ϺǷˣǾȻŮӴڲʵ·Ͻ֣Ҫץ

ʣŷ䲼ʷ1920䲼һһģһҲʱһ㡪װ̻ۡ¶ߣ׼³Ͱ졣
Ů¶첲¶Сȣ¶˾ҪΡִ˿ֱвĹ涨ʱīǳˡ
һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãֻģЩ˵ġ
ΪʱѹȵԽԽһɷ
ֻǱֽ໥һ췴ʮ겻ɣҪϺü꣬ſиôһ
ãȻһӲҪ
ⳡսҲӦŬԼ
磬һŲ⣬ҪҪԣʻӢ
ʲô⣿Ӣʡ
װ⡣ʱûۣƵ·Ѿ˴ˡһЩŮҪһѧ˴ۣԭ·ֿĹӡ
˵˵װǰŮ˴ĳ۵ġ
ĳ۵ûۺÿûӢЩ۳ۡ
֮⣬Ҳԡ
ʱѾˣûеģԭʷϣⶫڵʱΪ飬Ȼһ߱һû𱬡
ã׼һЩۻַţЩóӦ׬٣ҪǣʵҲ֧ЩڷŮӡ
֧ЩŮӣǻ֧ЩŮӡЩŮɺܶࡣ
ӢȻʱᱻЩϹŰһ˺Ȼᱻ


206 ǡ
Ӣ֪, 뷨һ֪ġ
˵װ, Ӣ£˵˵
˵, ûʲôϸ̫õͼ򵥻ͼû, ֮͵е۵·ҾЩŮӣӦûǳϲ
·ȷʵӢ۾һֵܿ·, ûҪ˶١
Ӣô˵, Ҳʶ⡣
ʱǮ, ·ģɲȥ´ʱˡǮ£˼Ҷ򲼻ؼԼ
ȻˣҪΪʱûʲô, γɹģĳ¹ǲڡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô٣ҪҪһ
ϸͣѾ˷˷һˣ, Ϻ߾ѾбΪķһˡ
ʱġȫǽڵģر𰺹˵, ˻ޡ
ǵãһⶫѣΪʮ󣬷һгŻΪʱĴ֮һ
֮뵽һΪԼĸסĸĸСʱǼһʱϡķһ֮ûޣ⹫ֻܴŷһȥޣʱСĸףұ⹫ȥ˴Сһˡ޷һ֮áĸ׼ʶ磬ᶨ߳ȥľģͨиŬ˺ôѧ
ãµļ߰ʮȫĽ̤һӦǿģٲãӹģªһЩķһܹ
ͲˣѾоˡӢƷ׬Ǯģһ㣬Ӣзǳ̵֪
Ĳ˵˵һẒ́ںѽڣһ̨һٸԪóȥģ
о𣿡ʡ
ܣӢţⶫþ˻ỵ缸꣬ѾѧһЩԼˣҰЩоһѾüĿˡǴձȵŪЩоʦģҪоģǷһ֯ѿǻЩ򵥵ġ
㹻ķ֯ȫ£гǷǳģ
ǡӢ˵ͷл·ĳɱܽʱһ׬١ȥߴЩˣǿЩѷһŪã
ۣҾûһ
ʲôӢʡ
֡򵥽һ֣ȻͿӢ͸̰ˣԾضԼ
ôֶ֪ģӢʣ̰ıҲࡣ
εһֱڲϣĶдġŮϣʱġ
ڹʱû֣ӦСӢҿǵأر󣬿ɲڣ˼ԺͼĺõģˣŮʲô
̰˵ŮЩЦãȻֱӰдĸӵݸ˻Ӣ
Ӣ²ؿȻԽԽ᣺ⶼʲô
С˵̰
Ӣؿ㷢ⶫȥͲ±㣿
û£ı
£ȫǷģڱֽǸѾϰˡ
Ӣϸ룬ЩŮҲͦҵģֲڡ
ӢŮˣҪ˵ؿ϶ûеģ⡶Ůλ˼֮£еͬЩŮˡ
Ҳڣֻǲ뱻ѹȡ
УЩˣòһӢˣҪҪҰȥͶ壿ԼȥͶ岻ɣ
Ǿ鷳ˡĸӣ֮ǰһֱ֣æͶģڣûӢȥͶҲԡ
ӢŸӾˣֵµ˳˼ݣüط͹ȥ
յӵˣеһѾ
û뵽پȻǸһİŮӵˣǿ
ӢģϺߵҪ䲼飬ͨڲԱ֪ģ˶֪
ʱ򣬵һȷˡǡˡ
ǡĽβԴ䳹ȡѧҵ
ѧҵ˺ܶ飬ܶ˸ãϿѧҵһЩѾµѡ
ʱѧҵˣʹ࣬û
ڣ檣ѾоԣµˣǶװ֪
ϾԴѧҵɱǰѧҵĺã
ȻѧҵǷݰΪѧҵĻĥˣȻΪѧҵͷΪѧҵȥǵʳĸԴ䡣
ѧҵҵǣ˵ǰǰæʱֻ˵ˣصԺȥ
һУԴ֪ġ
ʱѾҪʲôˡұȻҪʲôΪ˵ģȻͰһˣ
û⣬ԴԺһŬΪһù١
ǡģڼѾܶ˵Ĺעˣˣĺ䶯
һʱ䣬ۡ
ģȻģҴģ
˵аŮӣ͸ز˼أ
ǡ֮ţ

ϺһȺ˾һۡ
³ĽֹŮӴװĹ涨Щʵǲͬģǡȴҡˡ
һ㶼ϣŮ˱Դ
ǲֹԺصвŮŮ
ʱŮӼ֣̣ܽ󶨻£
ŮӾ͸ӣٳ

һȺţ¼ᶨԭȵĴ㡣
һŮѧʱȴݽ
λŮͬġǡӦöˣ˭˵ŮӲУӦŬΪԼ˿˵š
ѧеŮѧŮ˲˲ģܶһֱãԼŮˣͱ˲
ʱݽΧһ뷨ȴˡ
ǡҲĲ˲


207 Ůǳ
ǡ, ȻҲ˿䡣
һЩʶ֮ʿ, ׷Ϊǡ˵ǡ, ζŨ񣬵ӣÿ, ȻԼ
ܶˣŮӶȲϡ
ǡһΪŮ˵С˵ھʾ֮ӣ

ϺһŮӰıֽŮǼӡһڣȻͨƪǶԡǡ֮, ȻˣҲᵽˡɱ䡷, Ůǿ
ѧУæ, ȥ¶Ժʱ򣬾Ϳ幤ĸġǡ
ҿţֻúÿû뵽ǳô, ɷΪҿìܡ
Щˣˣ飡
ϸ룬Ů, 治˲ʲôŮ, ɱøˡ

ʱŮӣ˶ǲģŮӣҲ
ʵϣΪŮ˵ģ󲿷ӡ
û취ŮǾҪΪԼ˵ҲûлᡪһЩı־༭ˣ಻ŮӵͶ塣
˵ܽŮԣǼˡ
ܶŮˣǸڵơǡһµġ
ڣ鲻ݽάŮӣΨΨŵŵԷΪġ
Ҳڸ¶ԺĺǶǡ
̺ǶĽڽ̨ϣϣ±鲢ïضţ棬¶ԺһȺԴһĺӣȫš
飬ӾǵģҲһЩ˼ 
¶ԺŮŮӣ׵ҲͰˣ곤һЩģʱʶΧкϼҼһŮкġ
ڹ¶ԺˣЩŮȴˣϾѹûҪк
˺ܶŮӶ£Сɱ䡷͡ǡ֮ǵı仯ԽԽˡ
꣬һʮŮӵԺ󲻼ˣ
ͦõģԺͲñ˹ܶˣ
⻰һ˵ŮصͷЩкһȴԹˡ
պƼһĻЩͬЩк
񳤵÷ǳƯĻǹ¶ԺһȺкӵŮ
Ů˵ͦáǿ϶ġ
Ǻġ
õԼð
ôţκԲԲʵˣȢһҵȢһأ
κԲԲС˲ò࣡
κͤҲˣ
磡񿴵˵شк
˵ǡȷʵӦúúö֮һֱΪΪࡣŮˣòŮȥʱ䣬һȨȻƿԺϻлŮ֮ĲСŮҲ׬ǮңʱŮ˱ҲлȨˡ
Щ˵Щ
רоŮȨģ˵ľֻԼĸܣãӦеġ
˵Ϻض˺Ůأиԭ򣬾﹤ࡣкڿʼԽԽŮ˹ԼҲͲܶ˳ˡ
¶Ժĺ˼ʹŮӣǼ
ƽ¶ԺﰲĻò˲Ҳ׬ǮģǼȻ׬ǮȻԲ˵ɫӣ
ڹ¶Ժʱ䲢
֮ȥҽԺȻӸ̰֪дġŮںü־ͬʱǳ
üұֽ־ˣ̸֮˺ͬʱǡ̰
Ů֣ʱıֽ־Ϊ⣬ӡúܴЩ־Ӧһ𿯵ǡ־ҲͰˣֽҪֽŵġ
Ըôڣ϶ΪӢ
лл硣
á̰Ц
Ůȷʱְ֮ʱȫѧУˡ
ҪеѧռģûڱֽϿǹ棬һ죬ȥĴܣ֪˴¡
߸ѧУ飬Щ֪ģ˵ѧУҪǶܸˣŮѧ£ЩԥˣƭǼĹ
Դ˲⣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻŵȻпˣûݴЩŮʦȥһˡ
һȥŮѧǲ̫ʵģݳ棬ЩԸˡ
һʱգ۾͹
ڶһ磬ڸ̰Ĵġ
ѾͬǰһˣǺæ˯һҲٺ֣һ㶼໥ֽһ¡
ȻˣҲΪ˸̰룬ΪܷڵĶˣǲ̫õġ
ϣ͸̰þõģȻ˸̰
һͷָ̰ˡ
ʱĴΪװʣΧģһʼ˯棬̰رϲЩ´͸ĳ˯ˡ
Ȼ˯ĺȥ
̰˵ǰһֱһ˯ϰ߸һ˯ʵϡϰϲ˽§ס
һûʲôϰߵġ
ˣеȡ
ѡƸ̰
š̰۾ȻȻس˯˳ſ
Ҳ֪ǲȵģɫе졣
һڣˡ
˵ţڴĹϵֱֵѾˡ
ʱĴ࣬ܶǴӵģԷЩСֱϣùһֱֻ̰ȻʹӸ̰ȥ˴˴
ͷİϷ´ɱϷһˮﶼ˵ˮȻԼһְһ˸̰
̰ӹˮһ·֮ͺһ¥Ȼȥ˳Աרϴķˢ
ˢȥȻԺ
֪̰ݵʱһֱǸŻ˶ģ̰׵֮ȴʼŸ̰ŵ˶ˣԹǹ
Ȼļ£̰Ҳһ
̰ãҲٱִЩլŵ˺ö ÿһеۣȴѾӦˡ
˶ǱȲġ
˰Сʱ̰ȥϴˣϴ裬ţȥ˷˱ֽ
걨ͷͷǡװ̻ۡ¶ߣ׼³Ͱ족ôһ涨Ľ˵
̰ǲϲ¶ģ죬Ҳѳ۴ģôһ涨Ǳܵزϲ
¸̰֪ˣδ࿴걨һߣ˴ڱ
ڱ棬пǡŮġ
Ҫʹñ֮ϺӦģ⻹йء
н¿ǰϺߵı־ʹñ㡣
ڱѾʹñˣǳ̰ͨѾһġŮ¿һ飬Щ˼롣
̰ţŹǷ¥ˡ
Ϊÿ϶ȥ¶ԺϿεԵʣ˯ͦģ͵ϲ˯Ͼ
硣һ˸ĹǷ
ȱˮ̰ݸһˮְϵıֽݸиĹ£㿴
˭дģһһ߽ӹֽ桰֣͵ԭʦдģ
ûżˣֻǲҪ˵ȥѡ֪д£ʱ£ʦдġɱ䡷֮һֱڵ飬û뵽Ȼıдˣ
һ˵һ߿
Խôһط÷ǳЦſţֲֻúЦˣá䡣
Ǹʲôطˣôó飿
꣬ܶ࣬Ѿܿ屳һЩˣſһͷе䣺֪֮࣬Ǻ˵ģҲ֪ᣬŮṆ̀һֱֻиʵĸڡ
ڣֱ˵ͷһˮĸо
ԭеڻһ㲻ˡ
Ȳؿ
ʱϴˣһºһԼǰĶֺؿ򸵻ڿʲô
Ṵ̊
ʱҲ̧ͷؿʦдʱ򣬲𣿡
áЦ
Ҳ˸ӿУһ߳ԣһ߿ġŮ
һֱ֪ΪʲôȻϵİرóԡ
Ůʱ򣬺ܶඩ˴ڱˣڿŮ
һһʮͷŮŴڱ̾û¥£ڱ;ûʲôͷˡ
ڴڱϵ£ǰѾ̫ˡŮӵɷʱʱôһƪܿġ
һ˵һ߻Աߵġ걨
̲ס
ʲôŮӴ˹ȥȻüͷȻĹ涨⡭
ϺҪһӣŮӵɷ
˶еҲ޿κΣŮ˼˳ùڱ뿴дúɿ£һ顣
һͿˡŮ
ͦ˼ģμŮߵ֡
ⲻǸڱֽ˵ģҲдС˵ˣ
ȥдС˵ˣĪȱǮˣӺǺ棬յŮȥ
Ȼһ
˶һ
ӸǹЦС˵дúãȻķ񣡡
ŮҲ䲻ţȴһֱأصܲܣܾ͸ʲôҲûʵûʲô𡣡
飬Щ޳ŮӷŽŷصˣÿˣֽҪд£
áŮֽ̾ʸԼɷֵҲдһƪ
Ů£ֻڴڱأµģҲֻԷޡ
𵩴ѧһѧŴڱңͺڴڱϿһƪ£ҪҪ
Ҳһƪ£㿴һ˵
õĿﲻͬ໥һգ濯ǣȴǡŮ
ĳŮѧ
ǰաǡ֮ѧУŮѧݽ
ѧУǽ̻ѧУһЩӢݽֹݽѧУǲֹ
ǣݽ⼸죬ѧУŮѧǣǳݽ
ѧǶסУģܳȥÿϣ˽Ƕı־͵ϣǾͿֽ
ЩŮѧˣʲô˼ƾʲôӴ´û˹ܣŮӾҪ˹ܣ
ǾһԽ˵Խʱ˵ǿһƪ˼Ϊ˵£
ЩŮӷ׷״չȥȻͿˡŮ
С˵
磬ľͺˣ
֣֮ǰüΣʱֻ˵ʵһǲ
¥λбĺܶˣΪ˵Ҳʧ
ǡǲӦ֯һУ

ЩŮѧһʼ߼ˣܴ˵˵ȴŵȻС
飬ǲôµġ
Ụ̊ȴݺݵشЩŮӲܷأ͸ðڼе˵
ϣĳЩ˼ϾɵĹŰڿ걨ϵϢ֮Ǻܸ˵ģ˳ô˻ᣬһɫĴլиʮӣѵԼĶϱ㿴㶼ôӵģĵˣҲ֪ҪأСģ㾹Ȼӵ·
Ƕϱѵ⣬ߵ˵
Ѿ£ϺȵúܣСŮ꣬ܰͷ󺹵ģóȥıȥĹЩˣ¶˸첲
ĴŮʮ꣬ڳ壬ؿֻۣöǶûúܽףϾŮš
Ϊ£Ȼôѵ
ϱ̧ͷ
ǹȴе⣺Ժٳ飬Ҿϴ㣡
Ƕϱĵӿһίȴ˵ʲôֻܰίԼĶʡ
ǹָ㽭ɽһ泩ؼֽȻͿˡŮıʱŤ
ƫƫǸЩŵˣѧЩŵĶСʱһݱֽҿһܲĹ£СŮÿ
ˣǵģ
ǶϱôʱǽСŮ¸Ȥ
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£ĪǸμŮйأ
пգҪöӸŮ
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208 
ۡŮʱ, ڸԼѧУʦϴԡѵ
Щʦ̸̸δ, Щ˵鼤, Ȼ˳ԼһЩ뷨ǡ
һѡ
ִٶ飬еӻֻ˽Ĺߵ, Ȼᱻʲôƭʱˣ͸ƭˣοƭǡ
˵ţݴʮŮˡ
ЩŮӣ඼Ǹݲ, ഺٵģ, ǵɫ̫ÿ
˭һ, ֪Ժ·ҪˣɫǺòġ
´磡ݵɫÿܶ࣬һ˫۾
ǸܴװĹ涨, Ů£ȴܽ
ڡŮΪȣԼ, Ȼͱ֪ܣ
ֻǣ֮, ʵҲе㱯
һУŮھġ
ݡŻЦЦ
ݺ˵˵Ů뵽ףǲ֪ģֻˣ´磬ҽǴϤһ»˳ȥĴԵģȥǵˡ
áֳŻŮӾһлλԸѧУæ
ЩŮӷ׷׻кüе㼤
Ѿ֪ˣǰ¥
ϺŮӣвϲ¥ģȻҲϲ¥ϧ¥ٸ˽ʣǰûôѵȻ鼤
һ˺ܿ죬ѧУŮӼѧУ
ŮӼѧУռģҲȽõģѾȫ깤ˣֻǿ֮࣬ûȫ롣
ѧ¥ᶼǸ߸ߵש߷˵ģڴʱ˿ȴǳʽЩŮӶϲ
Ǹע
ŻһҵĴС㣬ܳɵʱʣݣ˵¥ߵýǲǡ
ûаѻ˵ȫ˼ˡ
ԣµûϵ
棿е˷ܣҡҡ
ȻġݵҲ¥ˣ֪ͷˡ
¥ˣû˵ֲ֮ǰӹÿ࣬ӦҲûաȿȡͦģ˵ЩȴҲٲú͸һ
ݼ״е㾯Ҹ˵ʵɣһʼͦϲģҸŽܣ׿ڸңˡ
ݶô˵ˣǶģһʱʧ伫ˡ
ںŮͬʧ䡣
¥ˣ˭ϲϧѾˡ
ǶǴС㣬֪˼ˣȥ飬ֻܷſˡ
ݼ״һȻʹȥʦ칫ңţ˵ˡŮ
ЩŮѾŮˣҲϳżδ飬ݾ˰ǿۡ
£ЩŮӶһʹ졣
ſţȴǵλдŮӶȻʮϧģֽܼһͺˡ
ݣӡǲϲϲˣ
ȻǲԵġ
ݵ£ҶϲرˣϧѾˡҡĪ֣Ϊ˲ɩô˵ģ
ˣԾ
ǵģҶϵܺã˽⡣ݵ˵£ҶͶġ
ʧˣֵ¥ôᣬϲˣѾף˵ͲСӶüˡ
ͷû˻ǺܶģΪһСǲ̫עЩ۵ĶģϲǸС˵ǣϤϲˣˡ
ڳСü뷨һ
Ҳֻйʿʵ֣֣ˣҲǼõġ
ʿԼ֪飬˵һЩ
ۿˣһ֮󣬾һȥʳóԷ
ʳõķ˶˵ЩªЩСûޣǸ߸˵س˷Ȼȥ˸Ĵӡ
֮ǰȥЩ˵ҪŮ޵ʱЩֻһкӶ鶼ôģڻȥˣר˵ҪŮ֮ȴкܶ˼Ķˡ
ѧУŮһСѧҲˣҪѧѵģŮӼѧУȴѶܷģ
ҰЩС˵ȥ˻ѧһգ
ǴŵҲĺ¶
ϾԼҵĹŮҪѧգ׬ǮˣǱȼ޳ȥأ
ݰϢΧִֵ֮µˣȥЩѧУŮˡ
ʱȴѾ뿪ѧУȥƽҽԺ
Ӣɽ͹һЩϢѾˣͬʱҲ֪Ӣڼ͹
ɽǵĵֻ̣ŪϢסǱߵıֽý壬Ҳܲˡ̰ô͹ߣһȥأǵļҲ֪Ҫȥ
֪һ
ҰɽļܶûʲôĻģЩϢҲͺңдʱϲ÷ԣܶҪ´ɲ֪˼
ǿҲƴճܶϢ
ȿ꣬ͷӢдһЩ
ҵıдġڰ󡷺͡ȾѾ˷Ӣģˣ飬ǲܵġ
д͹дһս飬һʼǴдģȻȥģϸָ֮⡣
һʼӢдǲһģʱҪһ׵ķ뻹ôףˣֱӢд
ִʱ򣬿ܶʱӢдС˵ֿһЩӢдС˵ûġ
Լ˵ĽǶд
̰ʣֿһۣܿʶʲôˡ
ӹܶ飬Լûտһģȫˡ
Ȼˣûʲô֮󣬾ȻӢд£ֵþġ
죬ûȥ¿ǱߣæѧУ飬æдС˵żҪıƪ˵£˵Ǻæˡ
ʱϺŮӣԽԽ涨ʱʱģݽС
һӦԷǰץˣ飬ûٸɡ
ǣǰץû£ЩݽģЩеŮˣȴײץģ
ͷܶŮӣĸûͷңеץҲץˣڶȥʱ򣬲Ѳȥץ˼Ůѧ˼ҼﵱϣֵѲ
Ѳһʱ䱻ڵؽͷöġ
ڣӢһЩŮԣˡ
ʱŮҲҪģһ£Ůûϵġ䡣
Щ촩װ¶첲ģڲ¶첲
ѲҲܲͷϣЩȻԹҲȥ顣
ǣֻǹҵһֱôµġ
ϺţЩ䲼ˣһ
ǵɫ̫ÿҲá
ϣЩֵŮ˶һ㣬û뵽ЩŮ˷ˣһЩҲ֪ô£ȻЩŮ˵
ڡŮⱾ飬͸Ӧˡ
ǹԵģ
ߣЩר˵ģЩӣЩרûڱֽϸ˴̣ϵһЩֽЩֻֽǵ£ûã
Щϴˣϴظˣ
˭ǲ鵽𣿡ʡ
鲻ֻ֪֣Ǻѣڵ£֣Ͷġ˵ӦûйϵΡŮĸӣǻӢȥġ
һһ˷ŭһӡ
֣һһֱǺģ˰־˵Щ治飬ûٷ⣬Ȼ֣Щʱ£Ͷ粻㵽˼ȥˣȻеͷģҲû취
ڻӢ˾͸˵ˡ
ٰ˭Ҳ£
ƫƫ٣ܸǹȥ
֮ǰҪȥձ˾ˣڳܶЩŮ£Ǹкܴϵ
ǸдʲôǡңֵµģҲǰҪţ
֣ǼһѾƹˤˣץҲûãҪҪݷһ£˵Щ飬Ǹûϵģǣʲô
ݷÿ϶ûãһͲСһӢƢǸ
Ҫǲܣ¿϶ԽԽ
ͲС˵Ǿ͹һܣҵõϢӢһӢˡ
ģǿ֣Ӣߵúܽ𣿡˵
ֻϳ֣ϰֵķǾӢˣĸãֵҵõϢӢǼսͬΪɣҪǽ֡
˵Χţ졣
ֵڣǶԻӢʲôҲû
ܶԻӢʲôһʮֵ꣬˵ǾͲ»Ӣǵ鷳
Щ˶ʱĬ
ӢƻӢôǻǲܵӢ
ԸһЩСѵǸ¥ڰѧУ˵
¥ˣҲǲ̫ϲġ
Ȼ㰲֣֮ǰǡɱ䡷Ҳһϵĵ
ο¥£׾ܿһֱڹЩŮЩ뾭ѵġ
֮ǰ˵¥ǻС˵Ǽٵġ
ѧУлС룡
ҲԸǵСѧУ

˵ôʲô˵ѧУϹ涨֮ˣΣˣٽ⡣
˻ǳЩ˵˾
ֻЩãɢȥ̾˰Ϣݳȥˡ
ʱ
ͷʲôģԼģʱѾһЩѧ¥ˣɴȿʼˡ
ԽѧԽãܾʱܽȡ
һ죬ķøӵˣǵĺӴһһ
⺢̫СˣŮӼѧУǲյģСѧһŸŲŮ˵Ȼ˲ԸһѧڲԪѧѣźתߡ
̾˿һ
ѧУѾ׵ѧ
⺢ǲ˲вĺǲա
㾡ܷģǰѧУΪ£Ầǵĺӡ

ظÿźļҳ˵
ЩѧУˣ˵ǺأǾܷģ
úӶѧǺ£Ϊף
ǣ¥ˣ

ϧǣЩˣܶಢ֪ΪǺ¥ǴҲǲ֪ġ
Ǹﻧˣܶ඼˵˵¥֪¥Ƕʱĺܶࡣ
˺ܶѧ֮ĵһ£ЩѧУͷ
ŮҪꡣ
û취Щӵͷϣʭӡ
Ҫ󣬸ЩǮᣬ϶ᱻȥЩˣȴԸ⣬ֻʱʱʣֻͷҰɣ
ҡǳ϶


209 ȥ
Щźİ, Ǽƶûʲôʶ, ǵĺ, һҲη
ڿЩӵӣ֪һ
еĺӶ˹ͷоͶСѧ, ĸ˻ȥѧУʹЩĺӣֱѧУסˡ
ˣǲŮ, յһ·ڷֱȥŮԡϴ֮, ·
·ǮûӢֵµ, õʵɫŮ˵·һǵϥǵĿӡ
ͷй涨, ŮӲܴ̿㣬׼·ҲרŸȥ֮ǰһӢ·ʱǱ߻û涨
֮ѡһ, Ϊʡ£Ϊʲô䡭Ϻȵú, 䴩ʲôʡϣ
˵Ϻ䲼ôһǰ䡭ʵˡ
ռСĺӣŮ׵ʱ춼ֱӹӵģЩ洩ɿ㣬Щɿ㶼ٴһģӵҲ洦ɼ
ͬӣŮ˵ǲҲ䣬ǲΪأΪûж䣬ɻʱ˭
·Ƕ䣬кŮûһ·ֵġ
Ҳе㺹ա
·ӷǳֲڣžǷǳġ
ңΪȷҶ£·ͦΪñŦ۲ˣĿӶǲġУʱ˱ԹҪ˵Ա·ÿ
Щӣһ궼ܴһ·ģŮӣЩ˳ô󣬴û·
·һļˡ
·ÿ
ȫµأ
ϴ軻·һܺÿ
˵˸߲ҵģ䲻˵ǹͷɶÿģ
ȷʵǹͷ
Ҳûɶ£ͷͳˣǻǺֺǵģȵ磬ȥʳó˶ٷ֮Ǿ͸ˡ
Ҳʱ򣬽ˡ
ѧУŲ
иЦ̶̰ʱ䣬ѧУܰٲ˸֧֣Ҿǰæġ
ҿûʲô㣬Ǯȫӽȥ˰ɣЩпؿѧУȺͷ
áЦѧŪǮȫӽȥˣͲҪʲôˡڳԴ󻧣̰ƽҽԺɣѧ
ˣԺְҵѧУĺѧգʼɻ֮Ҳġ
ѾԺǮˣٶཨ㷿ӣеѧˡ
ѧУǰòҪŵСˡ
ô˵ʣǻл
ҲֱӰҪѧУ˵ˡ
üͷ
ӦģҸɡЩѧȫȥٵĹΣ
˵ҪѧУԲߣ飬ҲǸ⡣
ѧУҪˣ϶ǲеģЩӻؼңٲҪֵĻ̻̣ʹȥӢ
һܶ㿪ЩˣЩӳʶ֪ʲôӵġ
ӢǱߵĹ˵ͦõģΪ˽ܽɻЩһŬ
ôţ˾
СѧٸкӣʮŮӣЩӶؼȥˡ
ѧУѧУеİٸѧŮӼѧУеٶѧ
˵ѧкӣʵԶİٸˡȻѧУסǧѧģֲһˡ
ڣȥĴ˵һ˵ǶСѧģһºѧѧģȴȥ
¥ţЩǲôõģǻӢĹ˶֪ġ
Ͼ޵ʱһӢ´ɱӻ´赱ޣ治顣
˵ǵĺȥӢĹһˣͣضԼҺӣһҪúѧѧˣ͸´ɱӡ

ȥӢģ֪вһסʮ˵Ĵ̷ͨӿţҪסЩѧûʳԼȥ˺ܶʳѧУͲ֮ܽ¡
ǣ࣬һȺԴĺӣʹͬ·ʳƺƵȥ˻ӢĹ
һǹͷûĺӣ·˲ˣû˷ЩﻹŮģҲû˹鷳
ߵӢʱ䲻ˣ춼ˡӢĹĹˣȴڶ顭ҲŴȥЩ˵ǽʳźãȻӰ
ϣЩѧеĵģкµģҲ˷ܵģһ˺˯ţڶҲͲɱе󣬻ǻӢĹϳʱںŵǳˡ
ƷΪ֮ڣ˽ƽϣ
ҼңŬΪң
ҪСԼ޿ܣ

ӢĹˣǴͳһװģͬһģʽЩѧУǳǾһͳһںţ첻˵鼤
ЩѧһѪȵġ
ͬʱ˴ž죬ѧУȥ


210 
ѧУ, ߵĳ߹ġ
Ҫ⣬ܹɡ
, ûưԼ, ȻһȺ죬ѧУȥ
Źģ¥鷳Ļ, Žˡ
ưģ·ϽеģЩ߲ԵʣưٶҲ죬пո˵, Ҫȥģ½ѧУ
֪ѧУЩ, Ų֪ѧУʲô, ǸΧĵַ
Ȼ֪ҾǶأǳѧУÿɣ˶飬¥Ǹˣ
⳵, ѧУǳƳ磬ЩΣ¥һ˽ѧУŮѧ֪ʲô˼
˵, ¥ܴʲô˼ǳе㲻ˣŽͣµŮ, һûʲôͷ
ҡ¥󣬾ȻеŮ޶˹ͷ
ЩʮŮӱֺݣ˹ͷ͵ʱƼˣһܿ
˼¥ܻܲؽѧУΪôһȺŮӰɣ
ҪϲСֱӻǮСûŮӣʮǮһһѡ
Ҫû˼ô󷽵ػǮѧУЦһǸѧУ˵ҲҪ¥һдС˵ģдС˵ӹòŵģдС˵׬Ǯˣ׬Ǯװӳȥôǲŵġ
ϣôôˣ
˼أΪסǻư
ÿ쵽ưʶĶܱЩʳ˶࣬ʶˣ֪Ϣ
֮ǰ¥ѧУʦ˵ĻҲ֪һ㡣
Ǵĵﾴ¥ġ
ΪףֻҲ˻ţҿ¥յĺܣɿһ֮ԼͶѧУҲ֪Ǵʲô˼ģҺúܿҪˣðܺ
¥ѧУҪˣǻưˡ
ȻЩ⡣
ưĬĬؼӿٶȡ
δ⣬Щںľ쵹ǷֳӡˡֻǴģǴƷȵúܣʵڲ׷׹ںš
ܳһ֮ڷ⣺̫ˡ
е졭³һǣͣ³ӡ
ҾͲ³ˡ˵꣬ǳȻһͰӻưҲˣ֮ǳӾܡ
ʲôŭ
ӲźˣǻưգۼûӰˡ
ǵٵģҶʲôˣ
ǳԭأ˶ˣô벻ôһư򣬾ȻԼˡ
ľƼһĻҲе£ôˣ
ǳȻˣǿȥ׷ȥץôӵ۵ġ
̫ˣ׷ϡ׷ϣҲ׷
취ץ
Ϻôưô˰ҲûôšǾֵ
ϺĻưģҪץǻư϶ץס˺úõģҲûʧǮƣǸɶŹ
ȻˣҪԸǧ˰ٵģǰȥץһץҲǿԵġ
϶ԸⰡ
Ҳʶһ㣬ֻŭǰߣߵͷ󺹵ġ
һưԣһֱߵرܿ죬뿪ˡ
¥ù
ѧУѾŪòˣ˵ѧʱ򱻷⣬ʧ϶С
ôţ·оˡ
ѧУĵطλͦƫģ˵ʱѾŵˡ
ʱ䣬ѧУֵĺܣȻѧУȻġ
ſεĽҶţЩսõĽѧ¥Ŷûװôš
أƼеɵۣ˶ȥˣ
ľǲ⣺˰ɣǰӵȥⱨʲôģϰˣ
ˣͨ籨ţȻһҪͨ籨ŵץ
Ǿģôʲôľ첻
ͨ籨ţǺôûѧУģֲץ˵ģ˲ھͲ£ʡ¶
ǰЩҿѿ
Ū˶϶Ҫ⳥ģҪǲںǿҡоԱ˿שͷݸ˼ҲˣѧУ˵ҵС㻹һأ
ˣ˹ģ
ιΪ˿ϷģϧѹûʲôϷûһ
ҲˣЩѧУ棬иĴָָģһӡ
ںں˵Ŀٲúһ
ʱȴֵµѧڲιۻӢĹ
ӢĹѧǵһμôĹһˣ۾գҲգؿЩǴ˶ٵĹˡ
ЩˣһСͷרעؿţɻˡһҪúñ֣
ֻҪúѧϰԺĹ﹤ÿúüĹǮѧúãܵ£ȥǿԵģ
Щѧ۾
ЦЦڹţ˳ǡ
ʵϣҪЩѾܼˣ
ʱգۣ͵硣
ϣΪ˷㣬˰һЩ࣬ⰾ̲ͣ˸еĺһһôԵģ磬˰׷Ȼͳ̲⣬ָЩһĺնﻹ
ЩӣһԵø⡣
Ȼǳ꣬ʹǣȥ˻Ӣʳá
ӢĹкüʳãĹ˳ԵʵЩѧԵĲ࣬ѾѧһЩĹˣԵʵЩȥģЩ˳Էʳá
ÿһ⣬ֻںյͶһ보ˣ̲Զʢ
ǰԱѵѧһ۾ˣͣʿˮ
ǼģЩԷˣܶ඼ֻʮ߰꣡
ٹ꣬ǲҲܸЩһ
һʮŮ̲סǰϣ׷̲ԵڡԺҪͺˣ
Ļļ
ЩӵĿܴӳԱ⣬Ҳнˣ


211 
ЩӴӢĹ֮, ˴ǲιۻӢĹûӢ, ʼЩϿΡ
ӢĹ, ϲϿεģʱ򣬽ÿԽǡ
ԼЩѧҪȽϸ, ϣѧȻӢĹ˸֪ʶ˲ѧϰþ߻
ոµ鱾ЩѧмˡһҪúѧϰܻر¥
ЩǸм, ǳԵ׷˺֥ܶ顣
Щͷǰ, ͷﲻʭ, ˵ͷϡݻƵģ߰㡪ȻŴ巢֮ĸʵͲĺӣǰͷ̵, кӣϾûմͷ
얥ͷѿ˶б£Ƹ˺ܶʦټϻлӢŵĽ̵ЩӼĹ˰æûʲôˡ
û
һֱдǱдһս顣
Ȿ, Դķʽдģдһ·һ, ƪһ£־ͽСʧ
ġҡԶйιһǰĳЩμﱻдĵĹҵģû뵽ȴʧˡ
ˣҡеȫһһԡҡͷģǰͽӣáҡԾ԰ʼǡ
Ȼмģûֱ׵д
ڶƪдǡҡܶƶȻʼЩˣͬʱҲʶ˲ˡУҡе߸ϡ
ûпԼĹңҲûһζ󻯣дҵ˰ͽᡰҡҲдڡҡмʶĻ˺Ůӡ
ƪС͹ӢйƸ͹һƭ֣ҡûôдҡдˣҵİΪƣȥӢˣһЩɿĳ˾Щ͹ΰ

ôдҿе㲻ӢƷüͷ΢塣
ڹ꣬ӢĵС˵ǿĶ
ҪܳСԺдһС˵רд͹Ѫʷ
˵Ҳеʧ䡣ʱ̫ˣƫƫֹЩ
Ǹ⡣ӢȻ㣬иϢҪ㡣
ʲôϢʡ
ҵĹѾһˣӢ
Щϲҿ𣿡
ȻԣӢ
һԼܣӢԭǲñ˿ģԼˡ
ȥ˸оķһ
ԷһⶫûʲôоҲʲôֻǾûӢһеֲˡ
ˣҲǷһ֮ܽһ޴Ľ
֮ǰʹӱʮһԼҲһˣЩ˸Ϲÿһ̨һʱ˵ĳµ꣬ǾܿˡӢ
ÿֻһ̨ٶĺʱҪҲ̫ߡ
ӢķһȥдС˵ȥˣѧУ˷ˣ϶Ҫе㷴Ӧġ
¥дƪƪ֣ͽСȡдиϴүһ޿ĹѸǹѸһʳȴ˿˶ǹѸһȡ
ң˵ǹѸ֣ܺåǹѸֶŵģϷǹѸ
ǹѸ֮£ֻԾϴүָűϲޡϱӶ˵ǴЬģһӰԼˡ
ڻ
ڱֽϣѧУ⣬ҲǸԼˡ
ѧУ¡δ̫ġ
һѾԼΪƹʶı˷˵籨Ѿ˵ǿ϶½á
֮£ȻŮȨ˶ӡ
ϧǣʷϣǶ϶˺ü꣬ų׳ɹġ
ʱ򣬸̰Լ
ƽҽԺĳһЩ£ȥһЩŮɫ˥ûʲôܽӵľУһЩǮȥŸС
٣ûʲôáµе˿ɲ٣Ҳûʲôá
Ǳ·̰
һٲ٣ôһڣ϶ԽԽ󡭡
½Ӧˣֽ̰һˣȥϵһ½ңǰæ
̰Ըȥ
˶ԭǲܵģЩ˾Ȼ۸ϣѧУɷˡ
ȻˣҲ֪Щôʵ̽ңˣȻҪӦ
̰ȫźã뿪ƽҽԺǰӢĹͬʱѾʮ󳡣ʼҺʵŮˡ
ʱϺļԺټңŮ͸ˣһ࣬йʱϺŮﵽˡ
ЩŮˣţֽԵӣŮˣʵòá
ЩݾͲãֻܽӴûӵĻưĵײʿҲɫ˥֮һⶼӲ
ÿ죬ûļŮ
ҲΪЩŮһ㶼ŽоƽҲԼ嵱¶
̰Ǯȥ£ǴӦؿ켫ˣȥиˡ
ϾԽ࣬һԽȫ


212 
Щѧ˻ӢĹ֮, ֱӾסˡϾסͦԶʱе, ȥ, ˵ҪտЩѧ
סһ֮ʹȥˡ
ߵľסãȻѧУʦסǹסĵ, 㲻ûͨˮ磬Ҫǣûи̰
ϣЩѧȫٺ, Ҫ뿪̰ˡ
̰, ˣЩϲ
, 㡣̰Ц
Ÿ̰Լķ䣬ָ̰һˮ
ѧôˣֱ̰˴ϡסĵἫСһŴһӣҪд, ҪڴϲС
Ƕͦϲġ˵顣
ǿǶסһʱ䡣̰㣬ͱסˡ
ˣҪһȥסЦʡ
, ̰, иķ䡣
Ӣ˲ٵأôˣȻίʱסߵԼߣרŸԼ˷ӵģ̰˷䡣
Ƿ濴Ż˵ģȴװ޵ʵ
̰ķ˺ʵë̺һſĵľβһɳģһ鷿鷿һӦȫΪ̰סԵʣû顣
⣬ﻹͨˮװ˳ˮͰĲ͵ơ
ѧԺס߰ɡ̰
أʡ
̰ɫȻҲס
Ц
֮ǰǸԼѧУ˴һģסʦһ̰ˣҲͲЩһסˡ
شӸסƵԢĵˣڶ죬ִȥԼѧ
ؼˣ얥ؿȥķ
ûҾǻס֪ģҸе㽻顭
£얥ҪάֺúͻٵĹϵѧУܲܽҪأ
һġЦ
죬һֱڻӢĹûȥдġȡǷˡ
в˸ˮһЩĪеǣ˵ѧУǱĵģ˽ϸ׵ó˵˵˵ѧ飬Ϊˮ
ܶˣ۵˲١
ʱȡˡ
Щ֮ǰ̸۸ֻŵˣֻϻۡ
⼸ϺעĿ飬ǱֽϷʲôʲô£ǡȻһȺŮˣƻŵһ
ЩŮͻȻ֣·ӻֳܹʱͽֳһҡ
ǻ֯ߣǵŮӴ¶װˣôһڣˣϺļߣȫˣ׷ա
ֵͦģڶ죬Ϻеıֽģ˵£ǱȵأҲбֽ£仹ЦϺ
ǳԹͣȥҷ얥˵ʱڷ얥￴ġӢĹǶ˺ܶ౨ֽģÿ춼һݹ
ЩŮҲ̫ˡ֪˶ʱһЩŮЩ𾪵ڿǱˡ
Ҳ֪ЩŮ˶ʲôˡ얥ͬ𾪡
бֽ˵ЩŮˣǼŮ
ԭˡôһ𰸣ˣЩŮ˻ô֯Ҳ֪˭
òϣͦõģֻǵЩΣˣܻẦЩŮˡ
飬Ҳ岻֡얥Ĺ֮󣬼дƪ
صĳƪЧʱдҲûʲô˼Ƕƪܺܿ췢רдƪˡ
дĶƪѱ󡷣д˴غ˵ǻ֮࣬ǲܸģȻʷһת˵ϵأһѱˡǸСϼܣСͲˣʹ
£ִܶ˿ҲʲôʱȻԽ˼
Ĳ˵Ůϣ˶ټ
˵£кӸʲôУŮȴⲻǲеģ˵Էӣкȥû¶Ůȥȴǻ
Ů£͸ˣܶණ
ˡѱ󡷣дЩĶƪ
¶̣ٵһǧ֣Ҳǧ֣Ժزֶ࣬һдһƪûġ
Ȼˣֻڶʱôɣʱôд϶Ҳܲ˵ġ
ôţֶд˸١
дµʱȴˡ
úõ·ţͻȻ˴Ա߳ͷϵһͰˮ
ˮòУͷܵţ̾عϵˮˣѾˮͰܵûӰˡ
ͬ飬ü˶ˣֻЩ˱ˮЩ˱ʺ֮ࡣ
´˵뵹һģϧһʱ䲻ҡ
˵˶ͷһͰˮǱȱ˴һٸܵģϾ£ֱ档
һؼңͱˣƫʱﾹȻӽܶ
֮ǰ˵ǱʵҲװģĲˣŲˡ
ͻȻ뵽ѧУŮУǻҵСŵġ
ֽǻС˵£ŪˣǻСǻϻŮ
ϻǿǸˣĶŮҵϴ˵һݣҵ϶ձ˶ԣҵͻС㡭Ҳûô򵥡
ųһ亹ͬˣûбŲҲŵˡ
βǱˮ㣬ٸԣ´λ᲻ᱻ˴һǹӶ
ӢĽʶ
һЩͲкŮ飬ضš
ӵ㣬ʦ˵¿ΣʮӵʱЩϲϢ֮࣬ʮӺ󣬾ͿʼһڿˣһڿΣϵ¸㡣
Щӣƶ˼ҳģǰһֱҰȻҲס⼸δּʶ˹Ĺ˹µͿʼϣԼҲܹϺˡ
ǣ˾Ϳʼù飬ھùʱʣµȻҲֵַġ
¿εʱЩѧȥ˸ȵˮͶصλϣѧϰָдϵ֣һϡ
кӶŮӾ͸˵ˣ¿εʱûŮȥϲģòǿҪǺˮǳΪ˸ʱѧϰˮȡ
ЩŮӣ˼붼ˣЩѧϰֻԺܼ޺ãѧˡ
ݴԼĺѣôһȺŮӣԽдԽҲԽԽҵ˼۹
ҲѧУ֮󣬹ܵþͲˣֻʱʱظѧУʦѧ˼빤ǻϵ
ĥţҪдУĸǺܼ˵ģºܶ˳ϡ
գдƪдһ룬лҹĹˣ㡣
˭ʡ
Ǽү˵ġǹµĵ˵ÿȴûʲôء
ԼģԼѣû뵽ȻĹԱ⾪ȡ
ȹ龪ȣǺܿȥˡ
ģȻǼԸ˵ĹԱһһֱߵͦĹԱ
˿ͦ࣬ЦЦһڴݻѧУǷˣġ


213 
ʱ˶ںͬ, רŸ˵ݻҲϵ
ϧʱ, ݻûжСϤĻִͨ
, ǰԱǺܿġ
ͻ
һϲͻûȤˡ
Ա˵˼䣬ջͦ
Աһ, Ǿ̫ˣڻǰԼ䣬ûĪҪ١˵һ룬Ͳ˵ˡ
֪ӢȻʲôģֻ, ֱӴӦٵ飬ǲ岻ֵġ
Ҫ̫ˡԱЩ÷ҲͰ, ЩŮ, ϶к³
һ÷ǲ֪ģŮôһ£
ûϸʣԱߺ󣬾ͻȥֽ, һСϿ˱÷š
ΪӢỨǮȨε飬û뵽ȻˣСȷʵʡǮʡ
ڼŮ¡̾ͷ˿Ůӹеŵıֽ
̾һ
ѧУѾĺϢѧУʦ֮, ȥ˻Ӣ
Ӣ÷һ·ĵط
Ӣǰļģʮ̨һ, ÿ̨һǰŮ·Ա߻ͲСĲ÷ڲüϡ
ȥ֮󣬾ͷִ󲿷ŮװСֵŮۣԱ˳Ʒ
ӢۣģĳҲСȣ峯ʱŮȴִһ·ֳŮġ
ˣ㿴˵ľ·ɣȷʵͦÿЩŮһϲӢ
Ѿʼ·ˣЩȣڻ¶첲¶Сȵ·
¶Ҫǰ׼ӢǲܴװĹ涨Ҫûˣ涨һûϺŮһŷӴӵ·Ҳˡ·شźÿƫͷܶŮ˾ҪأҲá
涨ǲܳʵеģϾھұ仯֮СڷҪԭʷϣһֱʮ̨ˡ߷ʮԪĹ涨֮󣬲ûˡ
ֽ׶εĻڷصܻŵġԼ˼ϣ߲ΥӵŮӣһҪҲû취
Цһ£ң˵ҵѧУˣ»Ҫлл硣
лӢЦ
ҪģŮУЩ÷࣬Ҳͦѹ򡣡
ӢЦǣЩģҪлȥл̰
áתۡ
ӢϵǳУʦƼͳȻеŮȫΪˣĥٹ£ҵĵܿ
꣬Ȼܿá
ʱͺǶͦĶָļӹʳƷǲڣӷǳ٣ŮԸǼֵģ˳µĳ£ֻһˣͦ򵥡
Ҫòһ㶼ԼȥĸġȻһ㶼ǸС
ǣӢȻ˼ֶۣҺһȥҰݣ·Ǹݵģ档
Ӣ·ֱӾȥһˣϳʱ򣬻ݾʹۣصشŻӢѧУʦһȥ˻ӢԱʳóԷ
ʮ߰ͣʱһֱڹ⣬Ϊʳϰߵ⣬ĻܺãټǴӹ˺µġ۴ϣǺÿòС
ִʱʲôŮͼƬûȻڼݴĵ·;ȣ̬ȻĺܣˣӦͺܴˡ
ЩͲĹˣһ۾ֱˣȻһ࣬еЩʦǴ࿴һۣͲȥˣ̲סȥһۡ
ҲֻлӢģһЩʹģɫ糣
һʱ䣬ʳѻȸ
ݣ·ÿ
ǰ̫ÿˣ
·ĸ÷ģҲһ
ҲҪ㲻ܴȥҲҪһԸﴩ

ŮУʦǣһĽؿŻϵ·мͲСģҲһ
·ҸµĹģҸкѸݵ
ݣлл㣡ЩŮӷ׷׵л
ݵл·ҸҪģĵ껹ûǵ·ˣʱҲܴȥñѧȥ
û⣡ЩŮʦ׷׵
Ǿôһ˵ŮӵĻ˵㴩·رÿҿЩˣˣ
Щ⣬ֽǿѹ£Ǵϣһһÿ
ݹⳤ󣬲ôǫ飬ҲᣬŮ۵ظˡ
ͻȻݣ˵¥Ѿˣ֮ǰɣˡ
ţݲ⡣
ôһ˶Ȼûۣ
ôһ˵Ҳһ㡣ɩӻͦôô˶࿴ۡ
ȵȣɩӼȻϲˣǿŮ϶࿴Ҫ˧Ҳ࿴ֵÿ佱
ƲƲ죬İɣ
϶ģ¥£ֻ֪һϲһŮˣûָˡ
ŮǻʱѾԺˣ׼뿪Ϳ̰ˡ
١˷׷׸̰к
̰ǵͷֱȥ
̰𣿡ʡ
ûС̰
ǻȥ㣬ԣʡ
ԾС̰
ӢһǲʳóԵģҪҫ·ͰˣȻҲˣǼȻҲûޣԵĸһ
÷ɲ⡢ͳˣҲ㹻ˡ
︵̰˷ˣóһƹϣ͹ȣ̰θһֱ̫ãͦϲһСˡ
̰Ȼͦϲƹϣ÷ɲû꣬ǰΪеʣںߣΪζá˵ǳˣʵǼˮ͸ģȻóԡ
ӺʣĲԲͲҪˣɲòҪ̰ˣȻؽӹ̰Ŀӣͽһڳˡ
ԭܹעְ֪֮עŵ˸̰ϣȻƼһĻܾùֵֹġ
˷ʳﲻãųҲûʲôǰɣ
ôɵʱû룬ʵϣһֱ¶
극͸̰һصס˵ѧУ顣
ϲ̰
⻹Ҫл㣬æ룬ɴֱˣ̰ЩŮû˰ɣӻӢ֤ʵ֮һֱţôʣѯʣҲǱԼ뷨
֪ˣ̰ʡ
š˵ͷǲ̫ܽģϾɿص̫࣬ǳʲô飬˿ǹЩŮ˿ɾֻ·һˡ
Ҳṵָ̀
Ͼ̰ôҲΪ
˱ǣǶû¡̰
ллס̰һڡ
̰һ


214 
, ֱ˴ߡ
̰ڻӢʽװ޵ģõĴȻǵľ, ʽΧĴһ, ⴲ߶յġ
ôһ͵ȥ
Ÿ̰мŲŲȻе˯ˡ
ͻȻʶ, ͸̰һЩ뷨ʵǲ̫һġ
̰һʼΪ˽ˣڵʱλߣ̰˼в
Ĳ˵, ˵ΣǮͼŮȥ, ġ
Ͼ, ܻܿˡ
Ĳʵܶ˶УӢ´ˣĲ, ̰İ£ĸдٲøһЩ
Ҳȥָ̰Ϊվڸ̰ϣ, 㲻ô
ԼҲʲôʥˣ֪´Ǻ, Ҳڽ
ʱкܶҪϰߡ
ΨһģҲǲΥµ顣
ѧУѾˣûϴѧУĺӻȥ
ѧУķѽãʣŴ֮δװãЩȫŪˣٴźǻȥ
һȣ͵˰¡
µʱϺϢطϳ֮ǰ涨ûȥץЩװŮӡ
ͬʱҲԽԽȡ
ϺͷеĻư򶼿ʼಲ۵˿ʼӾŮǡ
Ӣ˵Ǹ涨ʧ֮ŮǣЩлŮӣʼŷӴӵ·
⣬˵һεĿ
ŮѧǽУһΣ߷ã¶СۣЩ£ר˶·˴ŻװҡС
һʱ䣬ϺĲ÷ǵ⣬رá
ҲʱѧУʦѧӻӢĹ뿪ˡ
һ뿪ģһµĽѧѾѧųɳĶ飬ʦǰߡ
Ƕ·һͦأģһǰѾһ
Щѧʱȫֺݣָ˹ͷһţ͸ˡ
ڣЩѧˡ
ǳԵĻʳ㲻رãܹÿٶжƷͣ廹⣬Ӫͦģټ쳤ÿ졭еĺӣˡ
ÿ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڽûյܣǻˡ
оͷȻΪ˹ͷͦעǵͷģص֥ʲôķڷǳԣڣеĺӶѾһͷˣ³ͷںڷġ
ǿţһһ
ǵر⣬ԼҲԼӸ⡣
Ҫǻȥ˵ʶˣ
һ¹ãһ
Ժǻô𣿡
УǮ᲻ᱻǳԹ⣿ϧ᲻ٳԡ

Щһһ˵ţԽԽʱһϵһĺӵ˵ˣ·ʱ̧ͷͦأע㣡
ЩӶ˵ˣͬʱЩĽؿ
·ͦеˣſ϶˵ÿҪһƤǾ˧ˣ
ϧƤ˶еģҪִˣܵõƤΪ
ˣõƤˣܵɲĺӡʵ粻顣
ôţ˵ˣŵø롣
ǻǿƲס߿
ĺӣܶ඼ûô뿪ӵģ˵ˣϺسǣҲûȥʱļҳǲдźȥ߳ʶ뷨ģΪʡ£ǾҪǣҲӡ
ڣЩӣϺسߣר·ߡ
ҪǼ棬Ҳ˳һ¡
·ϵˣȫע⵽Щѧȿģ얥˴ŵӼѧУô
Щѧʲôˣ
дУСѧû˵
ǵȻûˣ¥ѧУѧ˵ЩѧѶģ

Щ̸š
Ȼ֮ǰǲŵģϲ¥Ʒ¥Ǹˡ
ڿôһȺѧǰֽϵһЩۣǱ˼¥á
Щʵ̫ɶˣ
¥ұģ
Ҳ֪Ǯã
ȥ
Ҳ֪ǻҪҪʦ

һЩˣ֮ǰְҵѧУѧУžͲףԸ飬̬ȴˣҪѧУʦ
ȻˣܵעģֻѧиһߵŮʦ
δԶ·ɲΪ˸ԼѧУ棬ҲΪ˸Ӣĵ̴档
ӢĳµѾˣ¾㱸ֻǷ磬ѡĶ磬ѧУŮʦ
ӢֵµŮѧУŮʦȫۣӢִԼֵµŮѡһЩƯģǻ۴һºЩʦһߡ
ܶйĸ￪ţĳһĴϣ˴һë£չ¶Լģȫˡ
˾˷绯ȴúÿ
ʱݵ˴۸˵ĳԱȴë´ˣ
ǣΪ˺ÿҲΪַ֧أЩŮӶ飬Ҳ֡
ӼѧУѧ߹֮󣬿һˣͿ˺ŮʦŵŮӼѧУѧ
ǵıͻȻе
ЩѧԱߵģĪǾǸŮӼѧУŮʦôôÿ
ŮӹأΪˡÿЩˣҲŮӣǴֻѡ
ãȺãȻӦû˻ϲŤεĽţб˱εء
֮󣬵ʱĵӰǴĵƬһգȥĹ涼͵͵˺´ؼҲܿ˵ˡ
ԣԼѧУŮʦװ֮صûӢһЩ˸ţǣñ˳ײˡ
һ㣬ʱˣЩŮʦܻӭȴӹɵġ
ܶ˶ˡ
ɷõļߣһƬ֮󣬾һֱ׼ЩŮʦˡ
ӣŮǾ͸˵ˡ
٣˷˿֮һŮѧпգסֲԶصظϹˡ
һʼ뿴¥ģϾѾܾûˣ֮󡭡עȫڻݵˡ
ʲô·̫ÿ˰ɣĹ褾̲ס
ͷǰ̫ÿˡĪǸŮУʦ·ϧ֮ǰæűҵ飬ûȥμƸ
ǰոմѧҵ
ѧУʦϢǿ˵ģʱûҵ¸ĸͬ⣬ûȥеˡ
Ҳȥʦ褾ӲСʱסһŮʦ㡣
£ǸʦЦſ
·ģ褾ʡ
·ѳµǸŮʦ
ӢŴ棬ǺԸġ
褾õôһȷеϢʱˣ־͵ǿȥɣ
żɣŶһ
ô᲻żȥ򲻵ˣ褾
Ӧòڣһ·򲻵
ǰ¥飬ӡôݣ򲻵·϶˳ǧҪǲȥ򣬿϶򲻵褾
褾ôһ˵Ҳˣǿߣ
òϣ褾ľǷǳȷġ
褾ǸϵѳµʱѾкöˣ۵ġ
ΧŵۣۿžҪˣ
褾˲ҵæһһ
褾īɫģϲɫ̧ͷʱѾһ۶ûˣˣ򲻵
һʱ䣬ֻʣ´۵ĵԱЦеģλѾ۵ģȥ¼任ǵ·
û۵ģ˳ߴ磬ǵﶨ
Լķһֺֿá

ִˣϲֹ·ʱ˵ˡ
Ϊ٣һͦϲû·ģЩû۵ģһԼĳߴ磬Ҫ
褾ڸǮ֮ȴ·ȥ¼任·
·һһ˸ߵĴӣ褾Լ̾ͱˡ
īɫ俴еƤףǺÿˡ
Ҳ᲻ûϵ·ˡ
һ·ˣЩԭ˼滻·ڿ֮ôÿԼ·ͼҴҽ¼䡭
һһ۵Ůӣʹ¼ˡ
·еĵģʱûӣҴ֮󣬾Ȼͦÿ
ҪغܶģȹСۣڶ̶һʱͷϺ


215 
Ķ黹ûлصѧУ, ѾкܶŮӴۣϺͷ, һķ羰ߡ
ͬʱ, ѧУ֪Ҳ
֮ǰʦѧûĥſһ, һЩʦҲһЩѧ
̫ˣ˿ʱ䣬Է얥ǻȥ
Ǹûȥˡ얥Ѿʮ, ʱȥøϳ緹
˵, ʹµĺѧУȥ
ʱ, ǵĶԱߣѾźܶˡ
ǺӡϺسЩµĺӣڶԱߣĽؿŶǲٴһĺӡ
ξϺߵͨ, һ߿֣һߴѧУѾĥҪԼĺҲͽȥˡ
⣬һЩŮ, ЩʵǻӢģҪΪ, Ƕͦ
һߣһ߸ģԼѧУʱĺͻȻ
ôˣü
ȥ얥˵ȥ
얥Ѿȥˣʹѧԭȴ
ûһ얥ּææˣЩΣɷˣ¡
얥Բ֪Ҫô¡ȥ
Ǹһֱܹע
ʱ֮Ѿܶˣ̫ϡ棬ټϹŮӣ̫׽ᣬҲûп
ԭʷϣûĲ֣һ飬߸˹һĹûø
ڹɷˣҪȥȥ
ĺ棬һȺΧһһŮŮǹ࣬еģǸòôų۵ӣӦþǹɷ
ŭŹ࣬˵㶼ҳһˣһȥ
㡭ҲȥɫЩ԰ףҪԶˣȴֱס
һ£ʲô⣬㵹ãôһ·˵˵ЦЦġ
ſң⡣
ôˣʡ
ôˣһҪôˣɷҵҳһ£ұϺûҵ˽һ𡭡Ҫһ˵
ɷ򳤵ûͦӢȻһŭӣҲᣬʵϣΧ۵˶վǱߵġ
Ͼ˵඼˵һҳߣΪʵڲԡ
񣬲֪ڶŹָָ㲻˵ǸϤЩʦҲЩ¡֪Ѿˣ಻ô˵顪ѵ͵͵ģ
дˡ촽
ֽûɷˣ̾˿ֻͺࣺܶһֱܵ㣬һȥɣ
СɷȥɡƸʦǸͲСʦȰ
ΧҲȰ˽㣬ȥɡ
ʦ٣ȥɡ
ȷʵܾˡ

಻Ըȥ
һֱֻԼɷţһֻȴһŮʦᶨҲȥ
ǸŵŮʦͲҲеãȻûзſ࣬ǶУʦȥ
ںʱ򣬿ϣ֪ĵһɷǸϲұģ϶ù಻ԡ
ҳ߾ˣ˻ԸȥʵڲӦá
֪ɷұҲ׹ΪʲôԸȥˡ
ؿصĿ־塣
λ֮ǰѧУʦҪסУһ£ÿʦ֪ͨ˼˵ģ˰æ֮󣬻ȷϹǲǶ͵ˡʦţҲ˵ģװ׵ؽһ£ʦļ˶ˣʦļȫû
ûյţһֱˣɷ
ֵȷϺеıֽҶˣһûһҹʦϢ
ɷɫһ䣬ΧҲʶˡ
ǹʱ侲ࣺܶУѧУϰǰ͸˵ˣҪֿһʱ䣬ҲдŸ֪֪ģ϶ûң
ʮһ꣬Ѿˡ
ǰһֱԼɷ򲻹ﶼã֮ȴԼƭˡ
ɷǿʲôʲôȫҪܣ˽
סˣԼɷΪԼŻ治ȥμЩǰμӵľۻˡȻμӵľۻȥȫŮӣڼٲûˣɷ򲻸ˡ
һУɷ䱾
飬һգͲˣɷ˺ˡ
ɷĽȥӴû˵仰ͱɷϻɷý㡰ѧ
鲻ʤö٣ܿʶˣҪȻɷʹ
ˣɷϴ˵ԺһҲԭ֮Ҳȷʵһ
ܿ죬ɷֿʼ
ܡġͺãһٳܡѭԼˡ
˾֮ʼ¸˽ӴΪһӴͿһϵпµĺ
Ҳʱɷ򶼲ϴˣֱӸ˵еһжĴ
༸ƣֱ֮ǰʱصԼĸǵƬֿ̰һЩ飬ں˺ܶࡣ
¥飬¶ҪһУգԼõİ£Ӽ˳ʼʦɷ򣬾Ȼûץ
ʱ䣬ԺҸһʱ䡣
촩ڽϣǾԼֻصûʱ
Ȼɷˣ
࿴Լɷʱ򣬺ʱŵˣ̫˵Һã¥ˣ
Ī
λʦԸߣȻȥɡʲô飬ҵѧУ
ҵӣǲʲôɷؿ
ӣȴҲǶˣѾˣ֪Լʲô
Թɷ򣬴һʼǴƫġ
ⲻΪұΪˣǸ顣
ȻʲôʮձϺȴǰձ˺ܶ飬຺㲻öôΪսڼȥˡ
ʱĺ֮࣬ʲô£ıɵӾ磬ں˾֪˵ҪȻǵ֪ȣ϶ûЩ˴ġ
£αûУĶʲôģǶܿأǸôĺ飬רоʷģȻͨˣҲڲϵʱ򣬻ῴˡ
Ȼ󡭡Ҷұ£Ǻ£ӡϾұ绨Ÿ߰˶Ĺࡣ
ǵģԼ
һŭӣ࣬ѾãҪȥۻᣬҪȥҶͬˣ㾹ȻؼˣҪ顭
һ㶡ȻͷΪ˲ͬԵʣû¶ģҲû˵ֻд˵Ҫȷֿһʱ䡣
ô˵ƭˣ
Ҳʶˡ
ڰ·¹࣬Уǹˮ
ȻΧ۵İնԹָָģѧУЩʦҲԹᡣ
ȻʱŮҪţҪȨ¶Ҷָġ
λ㲻Ҫߵڰ˵ԼõҪ飬ˮΪʵ˲ݡ
˵ʲôװ׵ģӵʲôˣҡ
ŮְҵѧУ飬ѧУУǻС㣬һģϺ£ס˵һֱӣΪʲô֮ǰǱǽˡ
˵ֵ꣬λߡ
֮ǰûӢ˸ţЩ˵óˡǺ֣ܿȻʹ
ߡȥ˶ǰ档
ʱһ
ˮʱ˻ȥ˵Ļ˶ˡԭ˱ŮҪ飬˵໵ģ
˽㣬Բ֮ǰ֪ȰȥǸ
ûͦģ֮ǰкøУȰȥˡ
ûϵ߻װӣƭ˺ܶˡû뵽Ȼ滹бŮˣҪ¥˵ˣ֪
ǰǸ֮ǰһֱŹŮʦ˽㲻ȥԭģǸ˻
£ݾˡ
Ȼģǿ˹˽ϵˣ֪ģŮʦָŹĸ첲ǿﻹаأ
ഩ·ӱ˵ҪһЩСסˣԼҪġ
ӣСϿ˼˰̡
Ǳ˰̣Ҳ˵һģˣ̵ġ
ˣȻµģڹ˵ˣҪôףҪôɷ
׾ӵĻҪһҲԼ绨Ůкˡ
ɷʵڲǸ
㲻ȥӦõģһܻȥ
ֲղڷ

ЩŮʦ׷׵
ȻѾˣͲʱۿһ죬ж
Լĸĸ˵ĸǷ
ΪأͲԸ˵ˡ
ڣ˰οˡ
֮ǰ¥
һҧ¶˾ģҪ顣
ҹ£ֻǸ⣬δ롣ҲͲ֪Ӣߵܿͻ˼ңҵ˼סһʮӡ
ӿ͵ˣӴ𣿡
˵ǶǳѯʣǸɽûܰҲûʲôϢ
£ǿɽˬһЦһб׼һܵõ֡
ɽڣһɹ
»ҪæУϾϺȽϤɽֵ
һ߾ȫ
ɽһЦ
ԭձһֱš
ֻǵʱǸ¹ìܣӢǼһսΪɣǳ˲μһս̫࣬һʱ͹˲Ϻߡ
֪ʷϣձڵһսлĹҡ
ʱӢȻʤ̣ڵԴ챻ˣڵ˶ʧʵͦءأʧȻûӢ󣬵ӢǮһЩʣҲͬûˡ
Ҳֻձ
һսǰձ͵¹ǹͬնңʱձȥ򱻵¹ռݵɽ⣬϶ᱻ¹ˡ
ڵһսڼ䣬ŵ¹Ӣزɿռɽ
ˣǻ˺ܶӢĶǹҵľ÷չ
Ȼˣʱǻǲҳ׵¹ģȻռɽץĵ¹²ǳѺãҵֱ¹սܡ
Ϊʤ֮Ƕ෽úİͻᣬ׵õɽչظѸ١
ڣһսٷձ桭ŬĲΪռɽŬ
ǰλɽǴɽһλձۼԭɻҪһЩ
ңԭɹϺͬйģйݣ˵˸Ͳ֪ʵձˡ
иʢϣҾԽкܶѣһֱڿǰߡ֮ǰɽʱɽķ֯
Ȼ뿪ɽˣڰһ׮֮󡣶ɵĴ£ǸӢȥܶ͹
ŷ޵սȥԽԽ࣬ʱƣս˫ʼѰԮ
¹Թ黹ɽΪͼõй֧֣йһ
ʱйԼ̫Сܾˣѡͬʱ¹йҲû̫ӣܿͽ¸ˣٽšɽͱձռˡ
ȵӢձĶ෬˵֮£йڼ뵽սȥˣͬӢǲ͹
ʢϣг˴ġ
ԭӢҪģձ˺ձĹˣձ棬ǲԸ̫Լҵľ˺ͰȥӢģҲͰйϡ
ɹˡ
Щй͹Զִձѹ˺ܶ࣬ҲڿճϺһ̯ӵ顣
ϺʵǸĳУ߷չˣϧӢһֱ֮ΰѳ֣ҸûвֵĻᡣ
ЩûչϺ飬ÿ⣬ҲǷǳҪĶ
Ӣľ趩ձģӢ֣ඩ˵Ūܶ
뵽ӢЩ飬ʢϣɫеѿ

ݣʢϣࡣ
ʮʵձˡ
ʮǰձѾйˣʢϣĸ׸Ѿй
ʱĸĳص٣ձˣʢϣĸһŭ֮£ͨϮң׳µĺӺӰܡ
֮һҵǮƣһߴԼ˸ƵӤҵĺ滻ǸձӤ
ĸ׻һ£Ž޶ȥ
һֱǱչ˵ģġĸסδĲͬȱͻңŮ˸Ϊסһ£ΪѾʧ󡰲ˡ
ôһֱʮ꣬ʢϣߵϵ֪ԼԭձˣȻһֱΪʢϣˡ
ǸʢϣˣԭɵҲȫûв֣´Ҳûв鵽ϡ
ΣʢϣϺסҡǽ֪뿪˻ӢĹ֮ԭǴ㽫ʻӢģϧûܳɹ
ⱾͲǵļƻֻʱѣҲ޷
ǰ˱ǱӢģʵڲУųʹ
ʢϣô
ʱѾԼѧУʦѧصѧУ
һصѧУУ˷ˣһ߳ԣһ˸뷨
¥дЩƪһֱûгƪء
ѾдĶƪдˣʱдƪˡ
дʲô뷨
дˣ
԰ʷĺóддˣʱձйһЩŮУͦģииʢϣġҲд


216 
ʱһЩ, дͦصģ, дһƪ, úƣ
һ
ִܿᣬ׷ոһС˵ʱעһдС˵ʲô, һֱддģдúܿ졣
ȻҲйء
ãȻܶд㡣
ĥ
ںսڼ䣬ǳ˺຺ܶ, дС˵ȴдʮ, Ҫдڵġ
ȻǹµǡԺΪǵķС˵, ûдƪıȥдҪдƪͲôдˡ
, վ辶дձ
Ҵձ˵ĽǶддһձйġ
С˵, ¥ȥд̫ãΣաҵġǡѾ, ҵıд
¥дأΪɵС˵ˡȻˣԻ
óʣԼǵõձйһЩһһ¡
ִʱ򣬿һд飬ǲСձڻļдģȫߵ
ߣھ¹ձ˰ɱ֮Ϊ˱ձٳ֣վΪձ˹Ӵ˺ܶܡ
ձΪһֱʹޣҲΪӵϺдⱾ顭
Ҫдģǿսʱڵ飬һЩϣҲ˵֪ڼս֮ǰձѾɼҹǱˡ
ڵȵأѲձһӴǱ
ڣ˹ٷһЩձ֯ԸйǱˡҡҽʵȴȫǼ
йռϢͻƵĵͼΪĿսṩ鱨֧֡սʱձйоǺָ֮ƣܲӮ
ЩģڣһձΪǡ
ձ֡뵽˸ʢϣ
λںǺպģɹٴ£߻˺ܶ෸¼ڶƷıȡ
սʱΪ׼ս
֪ʱʢϣǲѾйˣʵᣬԼС˵ǣͽгʤˡ
ڹڡ
뵽Լһֱдй͹
̰ͻӢŪ˺ܶй͹ɽйصϣƫƫǲӢдС˵ܶ಻дɴʱúˣ
ɽڱձռţȫдʤɽּĹ¡
Ȼǹôˣܰѿսڼձ˸ɹһЩһдȥ
һֱóЩ
ԽԽԽддܿͶ
ǳʤձдۣСʱ򣬾ͱԼĸ͵ӵйݣʹһ㣬ͿʼΪձ۹ռ鱨
С˵ԳʤĽǶдģƪǳʤӶʱ¹ռݵɽȻ㷢Уĵ׾ãйռôһط̫˷ˣط͸Ĺҡ
Ȼ󣬳ʤͿʼĴ̽ɽĵΣ̽¹˵鱨
鲢дҪʷձйʱʱɽȥдЩѵġ
ԽԽд
ΪдˣĹҵ˿֮󣬾˽ձ˵ֶˣҲ˷
ϣҵ˸̰Լ뷨˸̰
дľЩҪںϽʵѡЩᡣ
̰ȴǲŵؿ
ôˣʸ̰
Ҹ£Ҳġ̰ܶˣڹš
Ȼ󣿡ʡ
ҾҪ̰
˵Ķ֮Լֵµ񶼲ϸҪѵ
ӣôãȻô෨
ЩȻдС˵
ôţ̰˵ЩҾÿԸԺãҪдС˵
Щ϶ҪдС˵ģĶҲձ˵Ѿˡдܾһ´ҡ
鱨һ飬ʵһ֪⣬̰ϵձ˿϶Ҳܱȡ
ˣȻܱ䣬ӦýЩϢȫ˶֪
Ƥڸһѧϰܸձƽɫ
̰˽⣬ô˵һ㶼⣬Ҳ㷴ԡ
Ȿģø֪Ͱø֪ˡ
ҡ˵ʵҲԸЩߡ
ϺߣҲм˵ģʣԸдѯʡ̰ϺߣҲġ
ãӦ
ٱоʱ򣬻ӢֵµˣӰӵۡ
⣬̫ˣ
ۣõĲҲ޷Ǿ֮࣬˶Ǯһۿ󡭡Ǻü
ӢȻѾǮˣ׬Ǯ⣬е˷ܡ
˷֮£Ҫ˵˵
̰Ӣߵˡ
ˣپͺؼȥˡӢߵ˵
Ӣ
Ӣֻһ˵һͨҫһ
磬׬ô࣬Ҵ۸棡һǮ£ҪǮ
Ӣ֮ǰǸǮôҪһŮӣǮôôԻһֱܴ󷽣Ϻ֮üǧˡ
ŮôͲܻǮˣУҿûһҵǮŽѧУˣݵҵŮְҵѧУһǧѧҪǮˣѧ·һ¡
ܼңӢȻô˵ȴֱóһһׯƱ˻ݣǮѧ·ͻɣûй˰·׬ǮǻġܵȫҪǮҲˡ
磬ҲϣѧУŮԼݵ
УҸдӣԼȥòӢ
á
ǣӢ綼ϱãҲΪˡ
ʱеϧ
ʱ򣬸ʢϣȴѾ£ʼʶϺߵˡ
º󣬸ʢϣʶһˣˣõ˺ܶ˵ϲ
ͬʱϺ۵ŮԽԽ࣬ҲѾд
һڵϣ±СͰѸӸ˸̰ϣ±ֱӿǡ
һ飬϶ԽԽã
ˣϣ±ʢϣ˵ңϺˣ¥ܼǾͺˣ
лҪ˵
ᵽġձڻļ飬еģȫߡ


217 
ʢϣǶ¥Ƕ, ûкøС
ң
ȾһĨĹ, ǺŪҵ, ϧǣ֪˭
ϺҪ跨Ūҵݣ
ô, ʢϣֿ˼䡣
ʢϣӴģɲ̲ˣʵϣӴĶһЩ꣬лкܶ, Ƿ۵ġ
ڸʢϣЩ, Եõ鱨
Ϊ, ڸʢϣҺ¥Ƴ֮Щ˷׷Ӧʼ佱ˡ
¥С˵дĲ, ĽǶҲأ˾׽˼룡
ҵ¿ƻĵÿһƪʡ
ϧûƷ
ǽ꣬ѾйƷ, 㹻ڷˣ֣֮ǰ˵ҪдһԴ, дˣ

ⳡۻķ߶µ治ÿһãǡǡǸҵͷһ
ѾȢޣƫƫûйͬԣǰƲסظԼһŮѧԽԽһֱԼдǡ뷨ȴˡ
֮վٸԼһᣬԼӶǡɱ䡷
ӺܷŭԼʵʵ˵ԼӣҪôı䣬Ҫô֮ȴǺԥѡ˸ı䣬Ŭ
ͦοġ
ŮѧȰԷȥ¥ѧУӦƸʦˡ
˺ܶ飬ѧʶȺܶӻҪڣʵ˷ѣΪЩס
˵ţʢϣʣλʶλܲܽλ
˭û֪¥ʶġ֣ҲۻϣʢϣĻ˲ǲ˴򽻵Ҫʶҵǿ԰æ
ǾͶлˡʢϣ
ֵ֣վǸĻᣬҪٰᣬٹϵʱ϶ȥ
ʢϣӦûӴӢ
ۻ֮󣬸ʢϣһ뿪
ߵ棬ʢϣʣӵ飬ˣ
ȥѧУҹûмˡ
Ǵΰ·֮ȥѧУҹ࣬ŮְҵѧУſڵˣǲȥ
Ҫ´áʢϣӲ֣ŮˣһʼͲӦȢ
鸴ѱ棬˵ͷ
ҪģǾҼ̳˵λãʢϣֵ
ıᶨֵ£Ҫɽİ
С˵ЩȻŷֿ
ʢϣϺʱסģȴѾˡһΪ˱ݱ¶ӵһ̯飬е㵣ġоǣкܶʵġ
֪ݣİѱȷᱳײĸ
ʢϣһС¥ΪԼŵ㣬صԼסͿѾڵˡ
ôˣʢϣʡ
ǵѾӽ˻ݣӢ͸̰ýӽ˵
ǾȥӽӢµˣ͸̰µˡʢϣ
ǣ˵
ʢϣʣûв鵽ҵϢ
ûС˵ǲ鵽֮ǰԡԡ֣ںͻĸ̰ϵǵʾ֣ҲͶݹżͨѾжˡ
顣ʢϣ㱨һ鱨
̾ͻ㱨鱨ɽҷһ¡
ʲôʢϣʡ
Ӣ¥ˣ
ȷʢϣЩȡ
ɽֻƲ⣡˵˲Ů˽ӽӢӢӶһֱҲ鵽ڻӹϺڼ䣬һסլѧУͶ˲Ǯ
˿šʢϣ¥ˣȻϲûжԸ뷨
ˣкܶ࣬һȥԸ⹦򣬻ЩԱ϶µ㹦
Щˡͦ⿴Щ˼ͬ໥ġ
ӢصעĶ
ӢϲˣҪҪҸмӽӢ
ʢϣĥմ
Ϻã²òСһЩõ󣬼Ӣһ˵
ʢϣôʱλڻӢĹ½ϣ±༭ҶڼӰӵӡˢϣ±
طҲ˵ϣ±༭ˣѾ˳磬˲飬ҪģҺ¥飬֮󣬻ͨҵ磬ܿȫء
Һ¥֣Ѿ֪ˡ
ϣ˺ܶˣв٣ǴӻӢĹģЩͲĹˣæµŸɻװ鼮
һڵϣ±ϣȻ£
ҶҪһڡ
Ҳ򣡡
С·˿ö𣿡
СңѾʶܶˣ

Щʮһһ˵ţ˵ʶ֣ܶ˺ܶ飬ԺҲҪȥдС˵
˷׷׹Ҳ˼
дС˵ˣǿǺģ˭дС˵أ
Щ˶Ǹװģ˵ʶЩ֣򵥵´ҲܿЩѣַǳæûȥϵ飬Ȼ֪װϣ±ҵ£ûп
ı༭֮࣬ȴЩ༭š
Ȿ飬Ҫձˡü뵽֮ǰ༭ҵ飬е㵣ġ
ΣΣձ˷ûġһ˵
С˵ҿˣͷд˲¡Ǹ˿ġ˵
ⲿС˵Ϊ񡷣棬һ־ǡ´鹹
Ȼдôһ仰ݣȴû˾鹹ġ
˺ܶɽǱ鱨кܶ鱨дĻ̶ȲߣùдɽģŪдС˵ʱҲһӷԵζټȷʵԼռ鱨дһЩ£͸ʵˡ
ȷʵЩձʵ̫ɶˣ˷׷׵ͷͬ
ڶ죬һڵϣ±ͱ͵˱ϰ
ϰѾоˣõ鷭˷Ŀ¼ֽ֮̾д¡֣ſȥ
Ȼȥ̾ˡ
֮ǰǲǡȻЩ˼Ű˿ϲ¾ӱȤһϲģƷȻҪȥ
֣һȥ·ϿϢȥˣȻԥط񡷿
ǾȻǸձˡ֣󿴵üͷһ塣
Ϊһ꣬µĿƪЩġ
ҺãȻһձˣдУû˿ϴףҲ˶
񡷵ǳʤԼΪʤǡʤߡ˼ˣɽ֮󣬾й˵ݻҵڶ죬һԼײһ¹Աʶλ¹Ա
ճʤ˵ŵģǾǸ¹Ա֮飬˵öԷģȥԷٽǸϵŲᱻ˷
ȻǰҪǵ¹Ա˽⡣
µĽܿ죬Ҹ֮ǰС˵ȡʤͬͷıһһǿ˵սթ
֣֮߱߿Ĳϸһ֮󣬾Ͳòعͷȥǰ棬ܿǵʲô
һ飬֣ëȻ
ϧҪͷʱ򣬹Ȼֹ
֣飬·ϡ
ĸоģֹ֣
ִʱ򣬹լֶС˵˵Ȩı̽С˵ҲúܣС˵Ǻٵġ
дôһС˵ʱ򣬲ο˸־䰸һЩִ̽С˵Ķ
ЩһŪ¾Եøߴˡ
ⳣʤʵգ
û뵽Ȼôֶοã
ձҹ˲Ᵽ

۷׷ס
ʱһţֶҷǳעĸʢϣҲϣ±
Χһȿģҵ£տüͷ
ǵ֣ùֵֹġ֣ǡʤг
ſȥ
С˵飬ʢϣԼ飬ģʢϣţȴȻòԣǵĳЩ̫Ϥˣ
Լͻ飡
ʢϣ֣һͣڰ·ϸƪȿֿ꣬һ顣
Ƚ֮飬ʢϣ̾ȥĹҰϺߵԱ
̸ڷ籨ǣ֯ڼ飡ʢϣҲ͵
ȻֻһͷѾоˡ
֯һڼ飡
УҡĪǲʲôҽ
лҪ˵
˵ⲿС˵ݣ̲಻


218 
һڵϣ±ǰ, һѧ
ִѧУһѧУѧǧ, ѧ˲, һѧΪ˶࣬ǿԴܱ߾÷չġ
ʱ, ѧУСѧҲ٣мӼʦѧСѧѾСˣƫԶط, һʦܰһСѧ
ƫƫѧУеرࡣ
ְҵѧУ, һǧ, ֳɶʮ༶ϿΣŮְҵѧУҲͬһǧˣСѧеҪһЩȴҲˡ
İѧģ, ƾ޴ǮȻҲˮһ˳ȥлӢ֧֣ܶණܵͼ۹Ҳ
˵ѧУõĿα, ȥǺܹģӢֵµĳԼӡˢ, ͱ˶ˣʳӢֵµĴӰǴʳҪ˺ܶࡣ
ȻˣҲŬԼ֧˵ѧѧУĿյֲʲôġ
ǹҺĿ쵼ˣڸڼ仹ԼֵأֵµЩӣȻҲô
⻹ƹһ
Ϻߵũ壬Ƿǳٵģһֺܲũߡ
Ϻõ᲻֣ǰݺһҲǿԵģܵܵã
ѧУѧҪͦߵģǼѧУЩѧȫѧҪ𴲣ҪϿΣһСʱԼϰСʱһСʱѧһСʱѧѧѧȥѧҪϻҪ˼Ρһûʲôеġ
ЩԹ޼ǼԹģԭҾĸܳ谮ģˣֱǻؼȥˡ
ѧУĶλȷЩҪĵײյġ
ѧѧУѾˣȻѧУĻʳҲһʳӵ߲ˣΪԵñ˻ˮǶ˵㡣
ѧУʽʼϿ֮󣬾ͳ̨һϵеĹ涨оͰżٰšѧУÿڷһμ٣ÿηżٷһ롣
ϣ±죬Ƿżٵӡ
ȻҪżˣѧУǹٷģʮһ࣬ѧУ͵Ůˣ̧ŷˡ
Ե׷ÿ˻ֵһָ㣬նɺһ̲˺ëëһ
߽ճѿõĲͳΪëëˡֵصʱһ㣬ҿܲôȣЩطĲͻἷһʱҪĲε
ѧУͰѵĲȳˡ
ѧУѧõ֮󣬼ˣһߣȻͶɳԷ
ܱˣͨũǲȥ˵ģͳԼҵֵĲˣصĺȻץ㣬һûй߲ץȻҲͲ㣬ǹеĳԵġ
Ҫؼȥԡ
ѧǳԷʱʦżˡ
ݾʹʮԼİ༶
ϵŮѾѷ˳ԵøɸɾģûϴȴϴһɾҶ
ݵѾΪڰµѧϰЩ˵ıرãܵõ
ʮȻһ˸һ
ʮŴͷŮӾϲˡ
֮ǰɲ֪ԭֺãü
Ȼũܶ˼Ҷν׶ҪüģҪǮкȢϱǷӡǼкӣҪԸף˵ЩŮˡ
ǼŬ´λĽݰʮȥ
Ľڻݿ̫ˣ
֮ǰʱ˵ԾǮӶһĽϾЩȻܱķǳǳŬ
ܾˣ˵ǸǵĽ̫࣬ڿɳչ
Ҳֻܸ
ôȻѧôˣûõĺӣһ־ġͦпġ
Ժ緹ַ˶ѧУͷżˡ
Уſмѧļҳģǳ٣ѧԼؼҵġ
ְҵѧУĳ°ţԼؼҵģҲ˵ԼؼҡǺʹһȥġ
߳ѧУʱ򣬳°ţЩᡣ
ѧУӣʷĵġ
ţȥǰΪ˿˼ĵأĸִżǮļޣֻܸүү̻һһס
үү̲ϲĸףҲϲһҾ͸ϲ׳԰סˡ
ƽڼԷǲҶʢģеòˣһţˣҲܼԡ
ԷʱʢˣֱӸһƣкòȥУÿ֡
һֱ뿪ǸңŵԼһ㣬ȥ򹤡
ΪѧУҪǴܶ˻ԥʱȥˡ
ãģȷľ
ôţ°ţԼ·߽ͦԼĴӡ
һ˸߽ӣ˺ܶΧۡ
ЩȥСǻˣ
ǵ·治
ǵͷˡ
Щӿţǳˣ

°ţͷ̧øˡ
ܿ죬ͻصԼС
㡭ţ°ţ𾪵ؿǰꡣ
ˡ°ţүүź̸ˣ
ֵ̽ͦõģҾͷˡ
°ţǣۿһȡ
°ţһֱˣүүõһ춼ʲôģû˻
죬˶ΧתѧУ顣
ѧУɺˣ̺ܶණԵҲá
ʦ˵ˣҪѧ֮꣬Ǿȥɻˡ
Ժ˹Ҿйˡ

һ磬°ţػص˵ţõãҲš
ĵģһԼҳϹӡ
°ţǰϹӣȻӿڴͳһѧУֺãʦһ
°ţõǣˮҪˣҲҪȥ飡
ҲҪȥ

°ţ״һƴڶӵͷϣͻиʲôã
Ѽˣܵ÷˰ɡ°ţѼݹȥֹԼˡ
ãǡһֱͦģȻ
ɾҲûжǸܸм
°ţʱϲЦտûһͶ˳гɺüļ˳°ţһġ
°ţۿֺˡ
ϣ°ţ°ţ˷˲ˡ
֮ǰ°ţÿҪҪȣƫƫΪСɲʲôȻǲϲ°ţģڳ°ţһҲͻ죬ԺùʣԳ°ţ̬ȣȻҲͱˡ
°ţòصлóŵ㣬õܡ
°ţˣţĴˣرͷˣ˵꣬öŮѧŵ㡣
°ţ״̵ʶʦ˵ģǿԸıԼˣġ
ҪıԼˣҪԼĺӣΪĳˣ
еĺӣõ˼˵һӭ
һЩԭĸôԸȥŮӣı˸ĸĿ
ݰһŮĸǲȥģλؼңĸԭֺݵһЩһЩ;öҲˡ
֪ԺȥһǮǾڲ᲻ȥĻ
һ飬һʮǮˣ޳ȥò˭Ըôడڼ๤꣡
ԺҪˡǵŮһ׬ô࣬Ҳüް
ѧУѧһ˵Էʱ򣬿ƪµˣȴԽԽˡ
ʱԶڱҪӵСʵ۸٣ϺߣһЩʶ֮ʿԣ⣬кܶӰ˵鷢
ЩˣϾ֮࣬Ҳˡ񡷡
֯ҵҲһ
Ӧ齨֯
ܰǰɺܶ飡

Щ˿񡷣۷׷ף˵ԸǣǱȻ绢
˷׷׵ͷϧͷȴֺΡû֪˭
ʱЩģκͤʦҴˣмߵĻӦûҲ򵥣ǿԣӦӴһ
Ƕġһ˵
أˣӦ֪ģջӢҪٰᡭ
ЩȻҪβμᣬ˱ʾԼյġ
Ƕڴ
ڶ졣
ѧУѧЩڼͼ˴һ𣬵ҲһЩڼҴ˰죬ͻѧУˡ
żٵʱѧУǲѧʳģǾͰȻ䷹
ȥѧУģѧУĿյϸǸųҲ´ɳȻѧڹ׬ǮȥͿѧУһЩѧǵľ·ڰŸǷӡ
²ӣĥŻѧУǵĹ
ǹңʲôȱ
ȻˣЩǲܸǵġһսǿΪ׬ǮǹһЩƷǱĺܶ๤ֱӵˡ
οһЩӰġͯͿݴŮʦˣУҪҪһȥ
áӦˣҪȥμӻӢٰᣬǸȥ
߰ɣݵ
гӻݵģݺŮʦ˺ϣڸʻλϣȻ⳵ӣǻ˼ҡһֱסڸ̰ͬ·
һ·ϣݶŮʦһ졣һǹ࣬һǸнŮʦ
δǰϺ²˵ѧʶҲǳڣһʼΪͬźӴģȴ˺ѡ
һŮӣǸŮӽãǴӱģԸܺãֱȽѣݾǰҲ߽ˡ
˵ϵ飺Ҷٰᣬкܶ˻ȥкܶóԵġ
˼䣬֪ݶȻŮȥμˡ
ȻǸŮһһ͡
ûвǵ̸ֻš񡷺ݡ
дͦģдеƫƫ㽫֮д
Ӻܿ͵ǵס
ٻԼǰķסһֱסڸ̰·Ҳڸ̰ֱ֮Ӿ¥ߡ
סլӵһߣҲԼ¥ߡ̰ķŲ浹Ǭ¥ݶ
ݣУסһ𣿡þȵʵ
ûУҾǰšݵԸ˵
ü˵ҲͲˡ
ϵᣬǻӢΪף۴еģȻˣٰôһᣬҪΪԼĲƷ
֪һĳƷۣȻûӢ׬˲٣ûӢ׬ģǸ߶˶ۺ֡͡
ǰߣӢֱӸϺĴ˼ϢģȻһĹ˿ͣںߡ˿ʱһ£ɲȥˣ
ͷ֣ǲеģᱻ˽¡صŮڲزС֮ҪҵƷģǶֺã
ڼ̵ʱ־пһֻʮʮ鶼Ҫ
Ȼ޹ء
ױƷʲôģãֶǲȥġ
¥֮󣬻һϸĳۡ
ƽ·ôȥμᣬҪģִһԼͷȻֱ
׼¥ͿӢҲˡ
·ŲӢƼ㻹Ǵװÿ´ǱߣֵµĲ÷
ˡװһ괩˼Ρ
׼ҲûʲôӢԼĵϱеˣˣ硭ôȥ⻹ǵϱ
Ǿһɣöܳ곤߲٣˵ٸߵ㡣
ѾһЩĻӢ
ݴ¥ʱ򣬾ͿӢں˵
ݣλѣӢĿڻɨ
ǰ磡ݸӢԼѣֵô
ǰӢݣǱ½һòϣҪҪ·
ҪҲ͵
Ҿȥߴ硣ӢֿһֱվԱߣرûдڸеĸС벻Ҫ·
Ҫԥ
Ӣ㻹СڶأŴãǲҪˡ

ͬؿ˸һۣЩԾؿһۻӢ
֮ǰ̰͸ûعʱһֱд˵ӢŪСӣݱ֪Ҳ֪ҥԡ
ȺӢĳ渵飬ȫءҸǾãӢǸø硣
û뵽ø˽ġ
ڳ壬·еˣǸ곤÷ɿ죬·һӾͶˣԶɽ·Ƕ̵ģȱ·
ԴӺ͸̰һܸ͸ˣٲҪһ¡
ӢǸϱӵģаɡ˸Ҳһߴ硣
Ӣͦ˵ģллʦ
лɡ
ƲƲû˵ָʦдĸӣҿɣ
áӦ
ֵʦС˵㿴Ȼһͷд̫ˣҲдС˵
ԡ
ʱ仹磬˾һȥ˸ķ䡣
ķͦҵģӰ˷˺ܶ飬˸ֱʡߡʳһ澵ӡ
зһЩֽȻݸ
ӹֵֽȻϲ鷳ǰ㵱Լ˵ģӺõϢѧ˵ģЩӣͦעġ
ֵҵǣԸʣԲýĻ
֪ʦҾҶ˵ְ
֮ǰ˵дС˵Ҫע裬û뵽ǵĻͦεģ˳һİסˡ
ԻӢʲô⡣
ǻӢǸ̰ǵĺƢǳż˵ģ桭ĳЩǿɱ˲գ۵ġ
ôҲã⻰Ҳûܹ鲻Ầ㡣
ǣ»ӢҪΪܵĻӢٲþ͵
ڿ˺ܶ飬ֽӴ˺֮ܶͲˡ
ͦõġ
Ҫ磬ȫҲͦˣ
ΪһˣøԼƽϣ
֪뷨濴˸д顣
СѧϰûٿϷʲôģ꿴Ƕ࣬дС˵ںȥ˵ڵ治
ӣ͵ڵС˵Ҫȫд޸һ²źø˿ٹһ꣬ӦþڱֽԼС˵ˡ
ãгΪдС˵¹ڱĺԺý츳ܼȥĻ
˼ˣͻȻʦҲϴѧˡ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ҳϲ飡ֱ׳ġСûϲ顣
ȻһҪȥѧܱȼ֮뷨Ŭˣʵϲ֮£ϲС˵дС˵
㲻ϲ飬Բѡ񣬱ͱȱҪ࣬㲻飬ʲôʡ
дС˵ԥһԵʦ̺ӹġͷѧҵҲѧˣʦͦ򵥡
һ˼ûģڹˮƽʵߡ㲻飬ҸʦʱܶǳˣѧģϤĽ̵ôһʦѧĿ϶ȥѧУѧöࡣ
ʦѧɣ
ˮƽѧԼȥҸʦأЦȻдС˵ͦʵкܶ಻㣬Щֶʶһֱڿ飬ҲҪԼҸʦ
˵ţӢ¥𣺡ǺûУ
ӢѾͷˣϵĸ𣬵ӵ޸ҹ㣬ȥɡ
˵ͷ
¥ʱ򣬻ݴѾˣӢʹŸһ˳㽫ȥʻλϣԼһںϣ˳⡣
⣬ǴпΪģ˵ۣȥУܴ׬һʣ⣬ʵǷһ̫١
ڷһѾˣһ̨÷һŮ̫١ӢŮЩй˵ļе㲻á
ѧУŮ
ҲǡҿֱȥǸӢҪԼá
Ĳ˵õЩŮѧһҪǶй
˾ô
ĳߵã﷭һ㡣
ӢϵǳֹסڻңӢĻ
⣬Ӣ͸Ĺϵǲ˵á
Ǹʢϣĸ߼֮һνӽݣġ
Ħȭƴһʱ򣬸ʢϣȴھᡣ
ӢἴʼݿѾ¶ҪҪȥ
лҪ˵
ʱڣѫӵϵǸٵȵȣȻʱϺ֯˻˶ʱĺܶ࣬ĲдΣȫܿˡ


219 ⽻
ʢϣ⼸, еʳѰ
оⱾ飬Ȼһ߾Լⷽǳڼ, һ־, Լˡ
Ҫڼ飬Ϊʲôûץ
ˣɽ֯, ҲûܵӰ졣
˵ûڼ顭ңôдôһ飿
ֻߣʵֻ֪ţдⱾ飬Ϊ߳
ʢϣ, ԼӦ跨־ԼӦСĽ
ʢϣɽʱ, ʶһй, ֣ĺѡǿ˵ĹϵϺ֣֮ߣ˵ĹϵԽԽá
֮ǰ֣Ӧ˸ʢϣ, Ҫʢϣȥʶǰ˸ʢϣ֣ἴʼЩ
֣, 治˼ǲȥμˡʢϣ
ôˣ֣ʵ
ʢϣŶ, ¶ɫҳ˲óԵĶ졭
֣״ֻǸʢϣϺԻ˶ӣ֣¿ɴС㻹ȥҽԺ
һġʢϣ
ֹ֣˼䣬뿪ȥμˡ
ӢԭûʲôģһҲȥμӡӢ˲飬ԻӢӡԽԽã˽ύӢ˼
ٰ֣صʱѾˡ
Ӣլλڴĵطݲ̫ˣӢǸһլģլԺӷǳͣٶҲ¡
լſʿţլ棬Ҳ岽һʮһڣкܶʿѲߡ
ʱϰڷ涼ûбϵģʿȴýǮԼİȫ
Ƿ·ڲͬ硣
̰»ûһϢ£˵ᣬ䷸ҷGҪסģʲô飬Ҫ룬飬ҵǺǻ
䷸ҷã⻰еġ
ʱľ䷸ڴʱˡǵĳҲǺõģͲһˡ
ȥͷ˵⻰ģǸһȣʮˡ
˵ͷеͺʣµͷҲǻ׵ģ۽ƣϻһ̣ڸһʮ˵
ʦһġǽкG˵
ҪģҲĪҪ̫˻˵š
һһӦǡ
á˴к˸˵ڽ̵ˣĻǳȷʶ뷨
á˵
ҽǽ¿ܱ࣬գȽһԼѯʶԷݡ
ʣһ¥
ǵġͬʱҲе㲻⡪˿ӣǶ
۫˵
֣׶ԷΪʲôôˣ
۫ĸ
հ·Ҫ¹ûɹ֮ѧУ
ʱţȻ˴һ
֪ĸףǸ⽻ңĩΪ⽻󳼵֡
ĸѾˣͬʱҲ̫á
Ⲣ֡
ĩǩ˺ܶԼЩԼһǸġ
˵ʵЩԼǩʵܹǩֵˣҲܹЩ⽻ң˽⣬ʱ̸е⽻٣ŬΪȡġ
ڷŭ֮࣬׽йЩ⽻Աϡ
۫˵ǩĳɥȨԼ֮󣬱˴ͷѪ
Ȼʱ˾ʵѾˡ
ǰʷʱ򣬾;˵ĺö񣬲ܰԼ뷨жϣʱ֮󣬸ˣʱ۫ҲĳЩһǸ
ңɲ⽻ġ
á
Ҳá۫ԥ˵
һ㶣ʱֵ۫ᣬѾɾͣǰ;ӦҲȱ֪ΪҪ뵽˵ķ޸ȥ
Ϊʲôô˵Ҵδ뵽˵ķ޸ȥ
ǰһĥ֪۫϶͹ˡ
ΪβҶϱؼң۫ü
۫뵽ԷְλԼԷĴˣҲֱʵʵ˵ˣҲùСؼȥǹС㲻Ըȥԭ򡭡֪ϲˣ
۫йࡰС㡱ͺܲˣĻǺԥ˵˵ǶһֱСˣ
СҲμˣǲţȥʡ
û˿飬۫״ҲеˣԻȥʣƭңҶģ
ҴӲƭˡ
һʼ۫ӡ󲻴ǺӡȴѾʧˡ
Ĳ˵˵ǼұǸ顭ļͥġ
۫ܿ;ʹźG뿪ˣӦȥҹˡ
ҲʱͻȻǺGƺҲǸ⽻ңкڲ̸С
վһͿκͤһ󻹸κԲԲ
ڼ̵ʱΪϺзΣμˣǴ۵ģĸҲһɫĳۡ
ĺܺã۱ɫ٣źǹǡ
ȥк֪ۣǸ̰˸˳ߴ֮˸ȥġ
̰ҿɵˣ㣬춼һء
ЩΡȷʵмûˣ֮ǰѧУĺȥӢʱ򣬸Ǻܳʱû档
Ҳܹʵ̫æˡ
ʵҲûĹܿ͸˱ģ˵ˣ°Ҫ꼶κԲԲҲҪһ꼶ˡ
ţЩҳ̵飬˾ðġ
ʱ䲢һʱ֮ȥԼˣҲȥһˡ
ѲʲôʲôŮˡ
ͺκͤѧκͤһѧУһǧѧԺܻӵ߰ǧˣڴʱ׳ǡ
κͤȻһľãǹҪ˲ţҲдΣӽܹûģ
ţ֣ˡ
Դк֣ͺţиҪʶ㣬ϧ岻ʣûܹ
˭ʵ֣ѡҲĸˣ


220 
֣˺ܾ, ֣ѣȻҲܺ档
֣󲢲֪뷨, ʱѽиʢϣ, Ƕˣѧġ
ʢϣ
ĥⱾ飬ʢϣ, ȻҲʱġ
Ȼܶ鼮֪֮࣬ʢϣˣ˴꿪ʼȴǲ֪ġ
û뵽Ѿʼˣû뵽, ˾ȻѾӽ֣
֪֣ʡ
ʢ˥ʢϣ衯ϣ
ǵġ֣, ͬʱҲе, ʢ˥ϣʲôġƺϲʢϣ
ʣס
֣ҲǱģȻ̬ˣôˣ
֣εģֵ֣ƭˣµٲ鵽, ձ֯и˽֡
֣󵱼һ漴ǲΪ񡷵С˵С˵
С˵ԭ͵ġΪʤΪ֪ʢϣ, ҲҪҪáʤ֡
Ͼ, ʢϣкܴĿܻ֣ôһԺͲץˡ
ϸһ룬־ûйϵ
ձɲֹʢϣһûһʢϣʢϣʢϣЩǳ¼ը·޻йˣǿըʹݣʧٵʿǿʧٵˣûʲô
ֻһˣ治̫飬ֻܼ飬罫֮дһ±ˡ
û뵽飡֣üֲøʢϣ֮ǰܻҪμᣬͻȻһ᲻ӦҲˡˣ
ִ˾ˣһǲ֮ĶģʱҪ˺ѣˣǲѧʵġ
Ͼ̫ȱ˲ˡ
ԼĹôӡм⣿
֣ͲС
֣ʹģʢϣȫ
ԽԽʢϣԼĸʢϣ֣֣ʢϣ飬Ժ͵֪˵ĻҲû˵ñϡ
֣мصͷȻߣȴҲעΣģȻҲ͵Ľյй¶ȥʢϣǱ߻鷳
֪͵֪ˡ
̰꣬ˡ
̰ûع֮ǰϺǳ˻ӭˣع֮󣬴Ҷ͸ˡ
մҽԺٳţˣڴҶӴϿٲкܶȥ̸
̰һֱЦݣźºͣʶʱûʲôͬ
˾ܺ˵ߵԽԽˡ
̰㡣
ĳ棬̰ӦĹģ֪ϲ
ֱӴŸ̰¥
ڰᣬ¥ǲȥģһֱţǰ˵ĻӢ¥ϴš
ע⵽ȥĿһҲ˹ȥ
߽¥ݾͱסˣС㣬ܹȥ
ЦЦֻص
ͬʱ϶һ¡ҵĹϵȻǳ
ݣǵģ겻ʮ˵ĳ緢˵Լĸֱַ˵ԸóܶǮ¶ԺѧУ
Ҫ˵жǿ϶ڡⲻǸʮ겻е㼤Ľѡ
һˣҶǰ㿴أԼˣΪʲô
Ҳܴ֣̽ٵ顣
úֻܿص˻ߡ
ʱڶ¥͸̰˵
̰֣һеɡû֣ܵһʡ
ʲôˣ̰ʡ
иʢϣǶˣɽǰϺϺ֮󣬾һֱҺҵ飬ʶң֣˴ӦҪμᣬ죬ȴͻȻԸˡ֣;̫Ծ
һȥġ̰ƾ˵Щ˵Ǹʢϣһ⣬ȥһҲ޷
úѵһˡ
Ӣ˷ǳ֮࣬ʱ䵽ˣŻӢ¥ʱ򣬾Ⱥ￴˺ܶףҲкܶİס
оŮӣǴ۵ģӦû֣һһ
ݣЩμ˻䣬Ҳ̫ЩˣƳȻ飬ȴҲ˶
Щνģɴٴ˸š
£۫ˣߣûиźG
۫ıеأߣǸġ
û뵽۫ȻǸЩȡ
ֵ֮۫ǰһֱڹ⣬ûкúý̵û뵽Ȼ
۫Ρ
ҪҲΪʱ֪ûгΪ飬ԣǰǺܰģһ㣬Ͳߴ·ˡ
ٲã㿴ĿҲá
Ǹúúý۫ɱӣƫƫһ£ȸˡ
۫Ҳܿ뿪ˡ
һGˡ
֮ǰܱǸҵʦˡG
GʷϣǸ⽻ңڴʱΪϢͨ⽻ҵǷǳģҲǶԹϤһȺˡ
һֱڵĵһս飬ʱͺͺG
Ҳʹ֪֮֮۫ǰһֱڹ⣬G۫ѧһֱڸ۫ѧ⽻֪ʶһֱڹڣ۫ĸĸչ˵ġ
۫ɥ֮󣬾һֱû飬ֻһӣΪ۫ĸĸǳ۰Ҫǲ
Gﻰ⣬ǰģûʲô鲻£̫ںˣŻ᲻ţֵˡ
ںGϴǲԵģȻû취ȥ
ͺGĹڱܱˡ
ѾЩʱûдˣûʲô뷨ܱЦʵ
ûʲô뷨̫æûд
߸ţмǧˣȫǴдģֵܱ
ɣ¸дһƪȥʵһֱдС˵̸̸Ҫԣ¸ȥдһдҲ޷
ѧУǱ࣬Ѿ㽻ݵȥˣд죬дˣд͹£Ѿд˲ˣʱòϡ
¸£ȫԿճдġ
ܱ뿪ˡ
һֱģûлӢǱ˶ࡣ
˼ǣλӢǱߣܶ˲ǳŻӢȥģǳȥģĨǵشҵϢ
ǸҲ֪ʵݡ˭ʣӢ˵ǡ
ûŻӢĻ
ôң֪ܲ˭
˶ûӢƭˣԴˣӢҲͦεġ
һ򲻸ӣ׷ʸֱͣȥ˱ҲҶʡ
ͬģ̰ǱߣҲҡ
̰һ򲻹Щ˭ǲ֪ġ
Ҷˡ
̰һ֮ӣϺڿҿҵصҽμʲôġû˾ôǱģձãĲȨƣϲҽ
һģǸܵܣ֮ǰ˵ڻĻ٣ҶǹעģȻͷڸ¶ԺĺӵʦԼдͯ
ȻλҲǲںȨƵġ
֮£ǻˣ粻ϲŭ޳˼Ϻߵ飬¶߻ġ
Ӣ֪˵뷨е㲻ˡ
÷ˣ˸ȥ͸͸ԼôμŮһڸִ
ΣͣصǸԲԲ𣬶Ҳá
Ǹʲôã֪ҵЬҪǮ𣿣öŮŭŮнܿϣǺˣǰհϺ
вԣΪμᣬЬӣ˲ǮҲ۵زС
ǰƤЬϲһҲˣظоĽ롭ǹģ
ܿȻ͸ƫƫ˲ϴһֱ޿ġ
ܿϿҪˣ
أһ̧ͷͻȻɫƵĻӢӲԶ˹һˢذˡ֪ӢݵģڱӢôһĻҪǻӢǿܻļҲù
Բ𡭡û˵š
ûϵܿҧ
˼죬עŻӢȻͿӢֱӴ߹ȥˡ
˴ˣӢЩˣɴͻ˸ط
״ܿһͻȻʶʲô̵ؿã빴˰ɣϧ˼ҸͲ㿴
ˡõҴ뿪ˡ
Ӣˡ˸ԼŮȥԺͷƸһϵ٣
ӢصϣֱȥԼܵˡ
֮ǰŮ֮ʲôƣһ㶼Ҳһ㶼ںģǹĥŶ׬һǮ
̰ҲֵøӢһлӢڣͲõı˲ϡ
ⳡᣬٰطǳ֣Ӣ̸˲⣬һЩۺͷһĵӡ
۱ѾϺˣⳡһ죬·˾͸ˡ
һЩ̻˵·˷绯ŮǶ£Ҳԡ
ӢˣĹ֪ȣһ̨ס
ѻؼң͸̰Ҳһص˻ҡ
ʱ䲻ˣȣ˻һϴ˸衣
ȻϴķǾͿ˸
ζʣ磬ʦһϴ裬оô
䣬̰͵ˣϳԶҪʳȥӡ
ϸȥμᣬһֱڳԵĸ
ⷿӡаĲ˵ϴ趼Ҫ¥ԡϴͺܲ㡣
õԡңɶҲˣȻᡣ
ϣ͸̰ˡ
̰ⷿӺҲҵġȥס
Ǹ̰ģ¶Ҳ֪ǣ
һŮӣһס㡣̰
ͬУҲ޳ɡ
ǸǻݣûôӴڲģҲͲôϽ죬ݾֱӰѴˡ
ǶŻô飬治ʡ
Ҫ档Ц
Ȼġ̰
Ȼڶ͵ʱ¡
磬Ҫߣݴſߵ
Ǹߣסǲ㡣̰
ݣԼ˶԰ɣ
֪ϾͲȡЦˡʦһס㶼죡
ݺ͸е㲻⣬ڼ̰飬ǸĲ˵ġ
̰죬еذѵܵøŪ˳ȥȻȥŸʢϣ


221 Ӽǡ
̰æŵʱ, Ҳæš
ؼҵѧˣѧУһ顣
з얥ݵ˰æ
ڰ칫, ȿ˸, д޸һЩ̫ͨ˳ľӣȻֿʼд񡷡
Ȿ, Ⱦһձ˵Ĳãˣܿд꣬Ϳдˣöۡ
񡷵ǳʤרһЩŮ, ȥӽĿ͵ȡ鱨, רŵѶ, Ѷץˡ
ͬʱһսУ߼޻ֶ֮ΣҲú
һЩ䰸Щд, ɴдڻˡ
дǧ֣һ͹ȥˣֽպã뿪ѧУؼҡ
ͦŵ, ̰ҲͺСģôȥҽԺҸ̰ˡ
һ, øûʲôͬʢϣȴˡ
ʢϣСѵ˷ǳͻȻ֡˶ˣ
֮ǰʢϣãԼ֯ڼ飬ˣͻȻʶģҪȻô˶
Ϊʲô֮ǰû˸пǶԷûע⵽ҲпЩʱصúܺá
ˣ֮ǰ飬ܶѾЩ˷ˣ
ʢϣĵһ죬ϣǹ˯ġ
ԭúͻȻǱǹɱģǰûܵѶЩ˵رɴ࣬ܲɱˡ
ʢϣ뵽ͻȻѹ
ԭţЩ˷֮󣬿Խ˻ᴫһЩϢˣͷ

ҹģʢϣ͵͵ǽˡ
ڶ죬Ϊû˰µĵܵãú´һĸ̰𴲣ͱ֪ʢϣˡ
Ϊֵùˣص˵ҩ࣬쬵Ų̫ĸ̰
ʢϣˣȥŵģʵûôģһ칦˾ˡ
ȥ˲õ𣿡̰ʡ
վڸ̰ǰ¶ʱҲټѾкü˼ˣҡ
̰֪Լֵµ˲رרҵˣܴƤӵܵǸʢϣҲ򵥡
ˣĪǼձ
дġ񡷣ܶ˿֮󶼵ˣձǱߣ˵ôһ鱨磬̰ԭʵûġ
ձ˾Ū֯ӦҲûдô
Ͼܶస۳ģʵġ
ʢϣˡ
ձ˾ȻѾϺ߰żˣ
̰ͻȻʶԣͬʱҲá̫ˡ
һдǾȻ͸ʵеײ֡
̰ȥҸʢϣдһţ˸ȥ
վѧУд񡷣дţͻȻյ˸̰ţ֮еΡ
ʢϣȻôˡԺҲ֪ܲץ
оǣǼд˸ʢϣϺ֮һЩģоͰߵúܽ顣
֪ڿսڼ䵱˺飬治֪ԭѾձߵúܽˡ
Ҳ֪֪֪ʢϣݡ
֮ʸGдһš
ʢϣôһ֮Ǽ飬ҲͲҪˣֱӽ֮˺G˵ѣһעһ
дţȥ֮󣬾û¡
ддͷۣдɵС˵ͿʼĥӦܱҪдС˵
ⲿС˵ʵ뷨
дС˵СӼǡ
ʱһЩĶӻ֮˵ǧķ⽨õײİգǳ
ܾԼһӣ͸ʳ
ĳЩϲʿ򿴲ײһЩԼ߹
ӼǡĹ£һӶ˱ĸߺ֮࣬һ񶾵ķӣ͵͵ĸĺӸһũĺӻˡ
ʮũҵĺӽ˼ңӶˣǳռȵСүͯ
ҵĸһƢ꣬ˣСүҲߵӶ˵ˡ
ũһҶʵټûʲôĺӣҲΨΨŵŵ
˼ҵүСͶ飬ȻѧʶԨũĺأȴֲʶһ
Ȼˣдģɲֹ˵
С˵иǸͷŮĺӣĸߡĸԼĺӣҲǸ˵СүҪ󼫸ߣÿ飬Ǵ汧ĺӣȴǳݣʲô
ΪʲôҪôĸԼ˵ˣҶãҲһ䣬Ĵ£ⲻڳں
δдһˣô˶Уÿ˵磬СʱľܵĽйϵ
˵ĸϲģƲסֺøĸֱ类ĸ簮ģϰ˸ĸΪʲô˶С
ͦӣûͦд
дӰӾ磬٣
˵֮дΪдʾд
칦дһֵġӼǡʱȻûץʢϣ
ǸʢϣǼ飬մ˳ȥ
´ȥ֮֮ǰʢϣߵý˶ߣв˶ڱֽϷ£ʢϣޡ
У
̸ʢϣ֮ӿʼùˡ
ϣֻ֪Ƭ֮۫ȥ˹ࡣ
ҲΪȫ˵ˡ
֪۫û˵ѣϻؼ֮󣬾ͽѵһ٣Ȼְϴ
ȸʢϣþ͸ˡ
۫ףһֱǲ׽ġ
СʱΪе֪ĸΪĸףŻȥ
Ⱥϲ۫ȴΪ֪Լʵݡ
ʵһðƻ֪ôһʵ֮ңû˿ˣֻҳ˶Զҡ
Ȼزϲ۫ƫƫʱֲΥ۫
ˣʢϣ¶飬ޱȿ־壬ԼСҲ¶ˡ
Ǳ֪ʵձˡ
뵽СŵһЩյۣһ־塣
ʼ˯žˡ
ͬʱزصĸʢϣҲһ˯ž
ˣʢϣȻһЩš
ʢϣİŻûɹġӼǡڴڱϵǳˡ
С˵ǳѪͬģҲǳˡ
ϵӽ֪Ӷ˻˺ӵĶߣٲõ뿴ס
ЩܴС˵￴ˣʱȻܴп¾ɹײ֮ĶͬʱҲᵽ˽
ǽ˶֣ˡ
ĸԺӵԴ̣Ҫġ
Щʵ֪˵ܶ˾û£ЩͻȻԣˡ
Ĳ˵ʱһЩǲ֪Ҫôӵġ
ȻˣһЩŮӣĽǶȷǳأ˵ŮӲܽܽȴ룬ЩӶŮӽģˣܼ񡭡һûĻŮӣĺӣôģ
С˵ϷݺĸǸûжģҲãֻ裬öҲȴһϲͨ˸˵𡰸ǲµĲϡ
һˣȷʵͦġ
۫͵ȢȢͣԣ
۫ȻźϣʵʮꡣĸǰѾȥĸ׻Ǻ۫һסġ
ǰҾʵһ㣬۫һʦ⽻٣ź̫̫ȻҲûʲôġ۫ô˵ֻעˡȢޡ֣ҪȢޣ࿴ȥ
۫μˣ־еɱ
ĸףĵĸûʲô
꣬Լ޶ץȥò׾˻ĸ׾Ȼ˽ӡ
ﵣ˺ܾãѾ˾֮ٱô˵ʲôôһԺȥһᱻȡЦ֮࣬һʱ벻ϵˡ
һֱΣĸ׵Ǻ⣬ֻȢ
ϣĸŮӣ֪ж٣
֮ǰ۫ãЩŮΪ·֮СڸǲӦõģķѵȥЩڡͻȻãŮӵĽȷʵӦһ¡
ҶôˣȢʲôޣ۫
ڵүʮˣȢ˵ھŷ̫̫۫ĸ׵ôͲԸȢޣԸȢҲˣԺҲģϱˣҲһ
۫ĸѾʮȴʮ㡣
ǲ˼˼Сġ۫
۫ԼĸԱߣȴѾ䡣
⡶Ӽǡһ֣Ѿˣ
֮ǰǡ񡷣ŸʢϣдģҲ࣬⡶Ӽǡôǳģ
ͻȻܲãţǲѾ֪ʲôˣ
۫ԽԽ£̲ס
ɲ֪ԼС˵ĺ
׼񡷵ĵڶοǡ
С˵д֣ϣ±û۵ʱ򡭡Ȼ̰ϣ±ǰӡˢǰˡ


222 ѧϰ
ò, Ȩ׼ĸоܺá
Ͷ֮󣬻Ҫܲܿ, , д֮˼־Ȼǰӡˢˡ
ԣһЩԭһҪյˣԼΪܻ𺦵ԼڵĽײ, ô˽ˡ
ʱЩͷβһΪˣֵþġ
ϣ±༭ڴϣóĶҧӰӵ㣬ڽһڵϣ±ӡˢװã͵˱ϰ
ڶ, ϣ±
ϺضѾ, ô, Ȼкܶȥϣ±¡
֮ǰ񡷵һοǵʱΪ࣬Ҳûȫչ, ڵڶοǣȴѾչˡ
ˣ˸߳׶Ρ
ϧǡڽҪͷͻȻûˡ
µС˵, е
¾ȻҪʱͻȻûˣһ֪ⳣʤ, Ҫʲôֶεõ鱨أ
ܼϵͳ˶ӳʳθʱ䣬Ȼ뵽ķ˲жߵʱ䣬̫ˣ
ͷİףȻҲɱˣ

Ȿд˼ҲдһЩС˵ŶΣ漰һЩѧ֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶЩִʱ򿴹µģҲһЩʱ֮󣬴鼮ֽϿġ
ʱͦ󵨵ģҴǷʲôƵԵʣʲôóԳغֲ鶼ȥԿʱ򣬻ڱֽϿһЩ˾̾顣
ҵѧʶԨ
֮ǰˣһľӦǸҽڿҲѧѧġ
һ´Σдб֪ʶС˵
Ҿ˵ǹҵһ񣡡

۷׷ףһ鿴ͣ
֮һ
ǳʤǸˣһ̲סʤһ̲סȥ
ձʵɶǵ֯ҲᣡǵĹңҲһ֯ͺˣ񡷣רʦҾһҪѧϰѧģԺҪѧ㶫ȻΪס뵱һ
֮ǰ˵飬ҪдС˵Ϊʱţôһ·Ҳû죬˼ͱˡ˹Ȼûԡ
뷨ͺúö顣
һģڳɼܺãٶһѧͿȥѧˣ
Ӵ϶ܿˣҪ˵
ʦʲôҪ˵ʡ
Ǽ飬дģȫǼٵģЩձˣȷʵǵĹҰ˺ܶݲ򵥣˵ᰲżӽ㣬ҪСġ
𾪵۾Ȼ󡭡ԾԾʦģһһƭˣ
á
ܿͰѸˣڶ֪ȥ֮󣬲񡷷˺ü飬һЩصоȻĬĬ۲ߵÿһˡ
Ը͵˵Ҽ飬̫̼̫Ȥˡ
û̫⸵ʵϡһ鷳
ѧУʦ֮һݹϵãƺϲ
һֱദǸŮӣעִģټլдС˵ôȥ棬ºеĿȹɳ֮࣬һ㲻Ȥûôǹһ
ѧУˣѧУﻹһȺŮʦظо˲ԡ
ѧУʦŮʦԶʦģЩŮʦҾܺãˣЩʦȻϣͲһˡ
һԷ˵£ЩŮӵĿ⣬ϡ
ڴʱŮӴֵģҲûʲô飬á
ʵҲ֣δ׵ظ˵ʲôɽ캬ߴӵ飬Ϊл͵Եģżˣһ˫۾ֱضҲģ֪õЩʲô˼
̰ЩȻһʼеΪѣʵͦϲģá
ʮ߰ӣ˿ͣ˵ǸСִϸУ
˵ϲˣѾи̰ˣϲŮˣҲ͵СûȤ
ֻ˼Сû˵ҲֱӾֻܾڶԷʱ˵ԼҪãڶԷʳʱ򣬵͸Щѧ
þȻΪƽֻҪлᣬҪһ
ɴѧУߣص˽¿༭ߡ
ѧУǱѾ춢ˣпȥͺãڽ¿༭û˴ţʱʱȥҸ̰˵ʵӹø
е¡
ǸʢϣСʼļ֮һڽӽ֮ǰѾˣɵطǳáӽݣҲеģҪ򵥺ܶࡣ
һЩԵãû뵽ţͽԸͷ
ͼӽӢɹҲˣȻҲӽˡ
ƾһЩ˼顣
ǻӢϲŮҲˣЩϧģΪʲôҲ֮±Ӣ֣
֮ǰһˣǿŷҵģǳţҲ˽¸
߲ͨ·ӣֻܼڻ¹
ֻǻݶԻҵ鲻˽ⲻ˵ҲʲôһЩζ˵ģڻϣҲ͵òõϢ
ƵҲ
ǱǳڵģһֱڻߴţܵõϢ
ûʲôչʱ򣬸ʢϣǱҲܾᡣ
ɽⱾ飬ҪҪϵ֧ˣ֮ʢϣһʡ
ʢϣϣ±û˵
ϣ±дģʵеģвģǵռɽûлô๦
Щȴ÷ǳϤ
ʢϣѾȷˣԼ֯Ȼڼ飡
Ҫη֮ǰȾһʢϣЦһ
֪³ɲˣԭ򡭡йء
˵йӢǲ͹͹ķϣӢй̬ǷǳѺõģǲæ
ںӢйͬˣҲΪһС˵ʹ󶯸ɸ꣬Ͼ˼Ҷ˵ˣ鹹ġ
ȻˣҪǣվߣҵġ
ɽǲĪҪ֧Ĩǣʢϣºܲ
ʢϣ黹Ҫд꣡˵ܴⱾҳڼټ⣬ҲֵѧϰƪС˵Ǵѧ˲ٵģ
ʢϣȻ޼ңջǾ䣬ȻӢĹ֡
ʢϣȻ鷳ϻǱȽ˳ģǱ߾Ͳһˡ
֮۫ǰһֱڶţûС˵֮ǰ֮󣬲ŽС˵
ѧ֮С˵۫дЩ飬硶Ӽǡӡ
۫ãԼĶӾ͸Ǹĸµ˽һģһѾ߻ˣ
۫ԽԽϸȻͷ֣ϣкܶ⡣
ϵٶ࣬ҲԼĶӡ۫ȻϲǾ̵˵ȥ
һУ۫ĸףЩ
λǰǱģܵ۫Լıôϸ
飬Ѿǵһη֮ǰ۫ÿζˡ
Ѿʮ꣬ʮ۫ҲһֱڹģڹܹҲ꣬ڹڵʱÿζúýÿζԼĸסˡ
˼ȥ⣬̵⽻ĸ׾̫࣬ͬԸ⡣
ҲպGΪӣϤĽ̵
Σ۫ˡ
ôôģҪҵ۫ĸ׿޵
ǲǲϲžͲϲȻͷҪ۫ʡ
ôô룿۫ĸɫһףȻϲϱ˵˶ϱٻʵû˱֪ϱˣҲΣЩ곣ò
ôã۰⣬ʵҲΪΪöԲס
ôдģ۫ʱЩĸСĶӲ˳ۣһζǳԺ֣ѧʱ䳤ˣЩ˱㶼ˣֻԼǴСŶĺɾ͡
۫ĸɣ۫ʱȴóԼ⽻ٵı£˵
۫ĸ׶ԶӵĻǺŵģô˵֮󣬻ĲˣֻԼĬĬۡ
ҲǶӶѣҲûʲô
۫ĸü򵥣ȴֻ֪۫Ƕ飬ۿԼĹҺ⣬ִˣ
ʵأʱܹί
֪ԼȻѾЩ֮꣬ǰʢϣδʲô飬һֱ˳˳ˮСү
̲סǲԼĸ֪ʲôŻ
һգۣ;ˡ
ڹ¶Ժ˺ܾõκԲԲСѣСѧһ꼶ѧ
κͤȥѧУѧع¶ԺȻڹ¶ԺԸκͤӹúܹɡ
Ҳù
ȫأʱʱؾвõϢռűֻˡ
Щ֮ǰȨƣһգֱۣȥԢ 
滹鷢չȥ죬ˮߵġ
ˮ죬ϺɸƽȻÿдӡ
գѧУеĵڶѧʽʼѧȥˣȥμӿѧʽ
֮ǰǴοѧŪúܼªΪѧУ֮飬ĪͿѧˡ
ȴͬοѧڻݵ˵Ĳ߻£ٰطǳʢ˲ˣоͰԱ֮ࡣ
һȥˣǺͻӢһȥġ
ѧУһûȥοҪȥúÿǲкܶͷ·ϵʱ򣬻Ӣʡ
ǵġͷǸܺõɱʭӵķͼˡ
ҽ춨ҪúÿĺѧУӢЦ
Ӣ˵һѧУȥιˡ
ѧУã۫ͺGˡ
۫ѧ⽻ǵĹңȱ⽻˲ţкܺõĻҲкܺõֹףҾܳΪһɫ⽻ҡ
ʱ⽻ʱ潻̸ֻܷģıʻͦҪҪץص㡣
һ㶣漴еĶ
ʱ֮Ȼûзѧϰʵеϱ
֮ǰ˵ҪҸʦ˵Ļһ㶼١
ԼҪѧϰҲҪʶ
ѧϰģֻҽһΪһ⽻ҡϲдģԺҵ϶дȻҲͲܳΪרҵ⽻ҡ
ȷʵѧһЩ⽻֪ʶһսϣԼĹңҪ˺ܶ࣬Ϊսʤȴûеõ˿档
⣬дǱ͹йص飬ҲҪ֧֡
ֻҪԸѧϰǺõģ۫ԥ˵
֪ǸģˣͻĽ̵
ңһ˲ţͶһδ
ʱЩ⽻ңΪ±񣬾жԼΣȥ̸УһЩ⽻ҵǿĺôȻ˵ԼĹҵˡϣԺܳеô⽻١
۫ʱ򣬻Ӣڼ֮󣬱˹ˡ
Ǹˡ
ӢѧУѧǺϲģϾЩˣܶΪĹˣ׬Ǯ
һĹͷɶǮ
ӢѧУй䣬ȻһģǳӢӡ
ʮ߰ӣƤ׾۽ǴЦžϲȻˣӢһ㶼ϲ
ΪӢ˸ۡ
ӢƤˣ


223 
ӢԸ̰ܷܵǳ, ֪̰ϲ֮󣬻רоⷽ, ˼ϷԼ
Ȼʶܲסġ
ֻ˸Ϸ͸ܵܡ
ǰûЩϷӵ֬, Ǵӵ񡭡
Ӣתߡ
٣ȵȣȴæ
ʶңӢʡ
ǴĻ٣˭ʶӵ, Ц次
˳ٸ٣϶Ҫġ
ȻˣҪĲٸ󣬶ǹܹ֮ϵĸ
Ӣü
ֵ, ǳģһֱĽ㡣Ĺ, ʺ˼ûʲô, ʹСһϷˡ
Ӣˣְʾʾˣߴյ˸ǲ٣ǲϲ˿Ľӽ, ˵ݻˣˣʹֱ
͵ǸʲôȥʲôӢ˵Ц, ֻԼ첲ϵĺëѾҲ͵
Ӣ, ߸ŵıھȥץӣӾȻŻӢ˹ȥ٣ϲģ
Ӣֻһζ̲סʹ˸磬̧ˡ
ݵĺ֮һϺ޸ҵĴС֮ǰͦϲѾˣĥҪĿ꣬οӢ
ĸһֱæͻӢ뿴Ӣʲôӵġ

е£ȻӶԻͶͱĪǻһֱ飬Ϊϲӣ
Ӣ磬ıҲϵˣȻͶӵĿ⡣
Ӣ
˼ˡ
תܣӢ̲סǼˣҪȥģѧУôʲô˶У
Ӣߵȥˡ
٣ûôģʣܿ϶ԼûѧУͻȻֻŻӢȥ⵽ɺϣǱԤı
ѾȥˡӢһϧ飬ȻҪһµģ
ǾͺãǻСΪϡ
Ӣ̸ʱʣҸղź񿴵۫ȥˣʶ۫
ᵽ۫ӢЩ²ġ
Ρ
۫˿ɲýӽֻΣר˵Ӣе档
ѧ⽻
Ӣ־ϲֺ£
ؿӢӢ۫ˣܶ˶£ûɣܸѧ⽻Ǻ£
ʡ
ˣͲ٣˵岻ãѾҪˡӢҪѧ⽻һúóﱸһݰʦ񣡡
Ǿ鷳ˡӢ̬ȣҪ۫õģӦҲ֪۫ϲãˣȥ׼ʦҲá
鷳ӢԼˣ
ӢѾȲҪȥ̰˵һ˵Ϣˣ
ǱҵĺܣҪҲΪʲôȱ
Ӣ˽һЩ֣׬˲֪ǮǳʶܸǱߴߣԺǻԴ
ҪùϵҪҸϵõˣϵõġⲻ۫
⽻ӢʵҲȥѧһѧȻԼƢʺϸ⽻˽һЩ˶ôȴܲ
ʮ㣬ѧʽʽʼ
ЩѾѧһʱġĴ£ڲٳվģˣѧУٳߵĸ̨ϣʼ
һȥľȥ֮󣬲ʶԼûȡ
ֻˡ
ĸӲʱҲãݣҲЩĻ˵ҲϵصˣЩѧú棬ٳϰģһûС
˵֮󣬻ס
˵꣬ͻ˱ȥ˵̨£κͤѧУ̨ӵ治ҲҪȥѧУŪһ
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얥˷׷̨ԱҲ̨˽
ѧУʽѧ󣬵һʶֵĹˣܴѧУҵ
ﻹͦпġ
пͬʱµϣ±ȥ˺ܶС
ڻҵŬ֮£ܶϣ±ͬʱܶ˶ȥϣ±עҡ
ĳͺϲҡ
ȾⱾ飬ʹ켫ˣ
顭ֱӰø
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ŵӷ顣
ȻͿͣˡ
һ鱨磬γ²ɣ
̾վ޲Ͼȥһ鱨źá
Ҫֵµ˺úÿ飬ѧһѧȻŪһ
ԽԽԼӦôţͻȻʶԡ
ܿҲܿˣŽ鱨ʱ򣬱ǲҲôˣ
鲻аܰ˸Ū֣
Ҳ룬̾˸Ӣ籨ȥˡ
ⱾģȻֹʵϣкܶˣҲⱾˡ
ɽһ֯ͿⱾ顣
д˺ܶʵɽ飬˵ŹɽζرС
˵ɽǳϤ˵ɽˣ
˵Ҳôãձʹ˼Ҳһ
ЩԽ˵ԽˣͻȻ˴ǵĻڵ⣬ǲɽˣձ֯ǲУ
˶Ĭ
ǵı飬ԽԽء
ǴɽˣһֱɽɽǳϤһУǿ϶һ¡ɽϣĴձġ
ֻǣ֮ǰûе£ձǵĵطɳ̽ӣͦģǿձ̽ӻὫ֮ߣҲûˡ
ڣͻȻʶû
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µǽгʤͻȻһͻȻ˵
Ҳ뵽һˣʢϣ
ǲԼͬ뵽˸ʢϣֻǡձгģ϶ձ̽ӣ
֮ǰҼ£Ǹְæģ
Ҳ̫ˣֵĶǸǳʤһ
˵ţͻȻ˴ˣҲ֯һԱ˵ıǳѿ
֣ɫôѿʲô£ʡ
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˲ΪʲôͻȻô˵˵Ȼ˵дżıֽ֣˵ʢϣǼ
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ʢϣȻǸ
һʱں֡
ôţżͱֽóݸ˿
֣дżȥ˵Ǳֽ濯ǵģǱʢϣƭ˸ʢϣޣʹʢϣ¡
ڳ˶߲ѡ
ǲǰøʢϣù־Ȼһײˣû뵽һգۣ֪ʢϣǸˣ
ҪĲ£ǡ
ձ񣬾Ȼ쵽мˣ
ˣǵΪձĪȫ֪
һҪСķһٳ飡

ЩԽԽģ֮ڣȴҲ־
ɽߵĿ֯ƪµʱɽߵһЩձˣͬƪ¡
֮УЩǿȾ֪ҵģȻд飬ʵǾϲ⡣
Ҳ˲ûпȾ
һйõձ죬鱨ŵϣ±֮󣬾ϲ֣ңǹҵˣд̫ˣʤǹҵӢۣ
鱨£
Ҿƪ£Ӧ÷ģͻعڣùڵİ֪жô
£˾ǲ⣿
Ӳû⣬ʵϣôģֹһ
һЩȾⱾ飬ҵձˣ񡷵ʱҲƲסϲⱾ顣
ô֮Уͬ˻ձˡ
ġȾͷձóձ˽⡣
дôһ顭
Ҳǹҵģ

ۣʢϣ֪ˡ
ʢϣǼţҶձѺõġ
ˡûпܣѳǹҵˣ
ѹͲ֪ձ˾Ȼᡣ
ڿѧ죬ѡ˸ӣԼİʦȥҡ
ƶܴͬʱѧʵˣԼԭҾһ㣬ҲܿԼĲѧ׬ܶܶǮ
Ĳ˵ҽʦʲôģǷǳߵġ
۫ԭҾһ㣬ʮʱΪ׬Ǯһ񸸵򵼣û뵽ǵһԵ󲻽Ǹѧ˺֪ܶʶƼѽһ̻ѧУ顣
ӽ̻ѧУҵλ񸸳ڹ˴ѧ
ô׸дԼǰСǮļͥȴѾǴˣϺôĵطҲиլӡ
ֻͻȻֳ۫겻ڼңҵļҷһ㡪ֵ۫ܣãЩ˶û飬۫ϢǰǶͨգȢҲͨգͻȻˡ
Щ˺ǵŮٲиָë˶Ǯ˳̡
۫ڹ̶ܽӵͬʱҲܽһԼֶеҡ
нˮܶ࣬ΪǮЩңûȫĻؼңڹдһкôڱ˰ܹ˼Ҳ
ҵլͦģ߳լӣռҲֻǴƵغܾɣƵ˲С·
Ȼˣûиܵһ㣬ֱ֮Ĵˡ
һ۫ˡ
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ƽ棬ǺܿƵģڼȴϲСһ
۫Ȼϲ͸ľƣ˰ʦ񣬾͵Ժÿѧϰ
һҪֻÿ
Ҳˡ۫
۫˵뿪ңڶһֱҡ
۫û
ʦϰ˯ҲͺGֵͣʦܿһ顣
ӦȻ󣬺G͸һ顣
˵飬ʵһʼǱõַͱסˡ
ʼ鶼д֡
ʦдĸ⽻йص飬ʦܿԿﻹһдĶʼǡGָһ顣
ӹ飬֣Ǿ塣
д飬ܹӡˢҪڲ۫ǺGǵֶܶ˵˱㡣
ݡ
۫Ǳ飬¼ľȻһδ̸Увٻ֮¡
˵дһɥȨԼǩǩԼ⽻ȴΪ±˹ճƲ±ʡ
ֱ˵ᵽǳҹߣÿ÷Ա̸д򶯶Է
лһЩ⽻ٵϲý֮ࡣ
˵⽻ȴҲܷ⽻
Ͼû⽻ûڹΪҷˣ
һСʱ飬۫Ź֮۫Ҳʲôֻʣ裬أСǿֽһڹݳ£˵ĹΪĺȫΪݲϴЩˣҪЩȫץ鰸£Ҫ
һ㶡
۫ѧϰʱġȾѾӡˢã׼ˡ
ǸʱĹңֻҪͼʱǲںҪԼҵ飬ҵ飬ǡⱾĺܺá
ֳ磬һЩڿᣬһáȾı༭˵ԼĹ۵㣺ȾйдģǵĶ߲һϲҾǲӦýôѻôһϡ
̾޳ɣҲôãӦԼҵС˵
ǿⱾ𣿡ʡ
Ե˶ûһҲҪȥһ顣
Ҫţ㿴֮󣬾Ͳҵľдˣնرʾ
Щվߵһͷ
ԵɣʱֵⱾ飬һҪϿʼҪȫȥҪеıֽϵǹ棡ţһ
ˣǸԵ˲ŵؿࡣ
û衣һ׮ĺ£һѵʱһҪס
ʲôѵʱǸԵһЩͷط飬һʡ
֡ý¶ֵĴڣ˶ҩ
Ȿ黹йأԵ˾
Ҫ˵ȵĶʲôҿ϶֡
ڲǰбֵֽĴڣͬʱģһЩԭ˾֢˱κǵĲϢ
ıһ˹㷺עֽ׷׸ʱļұֽ֣ǾǸϳ
ͬʱͨջǸʼ̸֡صģܾ˵ҩǿ̫ˣ
ȻⱾоֵĹ˾дģⱾдģ֣Ծʲô˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ǻӢĹ˾ģⱾ飬ҲǻӢĹ˾ġ
רдˣֵģ
ԵҲˣӦöӡˢһЩţⱾһ


224 
, ־Ѿչطǳˡ
ĸӢˣѧϰӢʵ, ٱĸĵѧϰּ򵥶, ټϴʱҲڴƹֵ˾ԽԽˣ֮, ЩȻṺ鼮ֽ
ʱͨͥѾ򱨿ϰˣҲΪֵֽĴ, ȫˣ㶼֪ôһֶ
ĳСϡ
һ, ξ, ñ磬Ѿ׼
պԣڣͻȻϲ⣡
ǵġεӵ
ϲ, ԷٶҲϸϸƷζ˳ùԱߵıֽ
ıֽдʲôʵ𣿡εʣǲʶֵ, Ҫֽ֪ϵݣҪΣû˵֣
ڿε, Ҳ֪ʲô£ֵ֪顣
һһָֻűֽϵ֣һһض
βûϹѧֻǸѧ֣Ķ˵ǱȽѵģżʶ֣ȻͺʡԹȥˡ
ֽȻֵϢ˵ĳ̵ŮɺȣȻ߼۹֣ԼŮκˡ
εúۿҲǮּ꣬ҵݡεĴŮݣǵɺȥġ
ûǮʱҲû֡εԺǵĺӵĺӣҩƷǳݣбĺӡ
ǰϧ̫ˣôͲܱһ㣿
ڴ̣ʲôսļ۸һε
˵˼䣬ξͼ¿
Ȼ󡭡
ֽ˵ֵǸصĶ˾һ飬дֵģǵĹңҲⱾˣͻȻ
εʣⱾʲô
εȾ
γԹ緹ʹӼ뿪ȥڿˡ
·һյǲ㹻ĿĿƣԼһñڿײͷȻͺһ˿󶴸ɻ
һ߸ɻһ졣
ϵļ๤ȻһֻĿ𼦻һ˳һ飬Ĺˣʲôս֮࣬ȥȥҲЩǣǾ⼸Ϊȵ
˵һֶ˵ҩ˺ܶµĶƵģ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ζǳŹ֡
ЩҥԣǾȻҲţעģôζ

˵ŵʱεҽϳŵʱ˱ֽ˵һдֵˣ֪𣿡
£ǴӱֽϿģʡ
ǵġεֽд£
дֵ飬һ˼ΣҪҪȥ˵ˣһҪдʲô
ΣҲʶ֣㵽ʱһҪҶһ
һѧʵˣһȥİɣ
Ȼ棬֮ǰȥ򣬵ڱ˹άţȴĴ㡣
ȻҪǮҲر󣬸οʱЩҪ£ôŶӦðĻ͸õġ
˹ˣǳࡣ
һʼǻǮģһЩҪ绨ǮͱⱾ飬˵һǳĿƻС˵
ͬʱеⱾˣ
Ⱦִ棬ֻһƬ䶯ʱⲿС˵ͬʱǿƻС˵
һ½δϸ룬δпܵġ
֮ܶһǳˣҪȲؿȥС˵
ҩ֮󣬡ȾⱾ飬Ҳɿ
׬ǮͣףʱһЩܽĻˣҲ
ǹҵС˵ȻӢģܻӭ
еĻˣɵĸо
û뵽飬Ȼ߳ţ
һ
Ѿ飬һЩֽĻȥˡ

ȻˣⱾ鲻ֻܻӭ˴ȥӢȻӢп
ӢսϵʿѾһЩˣ־
֮ǰ֪ôģڲ֪ԭ־Ȼй˷ġ
ʱһй͹ոյӢá
ӢͨȻЩãηη͹ǻǺѺõģӢʿҲЩ͹
ϾЩǵģǿȺ˵ӣٲеͬЩˡ
ԭʷϣʱƣһЩӢʿʼսϲĸй͹ϣ˿͹Ļʳ˫Żͻ͹ǵĴŻԽԽˣºҵͨЩ͹ʱ򣬻кܶϲǵģ
ڣ˫ϵܲʱӢ֪֣ˡȾ
սϵһһЩй͹սһӢڿǡ
Щ۾ͷ˷ǳͣţͻսںãӢ˷ǳϲǣǸ˵ܸһй˵ӢĶ˺ܶࡣ
죬˵ˣƣ֪֪Ⱦ𣿡
Щ͹֪
ӢҲ⣬˵ǵĹңһĹңСʱɲ޵μǣͺȥǵĹҿ˵ﲢûôãҲŷ㣬ȥˣϧսǴ꣡
Щ͹ੲݵ˵ͬʱĬĬؼˡȾⱾ顣
ǰӢŵЩ͹ܸߵн꣬ʵõֵĲûô࣬ʱǣҲнˮġ
Щ˰ǮȫؼȥȴҲڿԼͬڴϣսʱը֮󣬲ٴǮǽоƽʲôǮһӾͻ⡣
Ҳˣʶ˸Сϵľ
ЩǱͲѺˣΪ֡
ЩԶ͹Īظܵһο塣
ȾⱾڹܻӭʱѧ⽻
ԽѧԽܸ֮ܵ۸ӵĹϵи𣬱˵ǿ峯峯齨ˮʦй·ʵδûз˼
۫˽ģɾǶˣʵϣԶҲ˽ġ
ʮһ£ʮ¸ⳡйĳЩˣᶨĳһ·
ʮ¸ģֹЩ
һЩʱڵ鼮ļأʮ¸󣬴Ķ˿ʼкܶˣйӵġ
ǴŴǮϺסϺһ֣ǳҡ
ϧǣЩʧȥأûԴĹάֵʱ䲢еһЩ˾ƲˣһЩòȥֵµ
Ůˡɾ糾ˡ
ڶʮЩֵ£ǧɵʿϺķ³ʱܿŮˡ
ʱһЩŮԳǶҺ֮࣬׬˲Ǯ
Ӣ۫ӴǸִ֪ģûóȻȥֻ۫ŴϢͰ۫˵ĶһЩ˵˳
ڼĸ֮࡭ǲӢģϾ֪۫Щ
죬۫ѧϰϣ±༭д£ȻȥҽԺ˸̰͸̰һصС
˻ؼ֮ڸݰ֮ÿճķ鷿칫
ʱļҾ߶ǿ԰ᶯģø鷿ĺܼ򵥡
칫һϴ裬ȻŻص
̰ƽҽԺڻҪϻȥ칫ˣĹ˺ܶࡣ
н񱣬ܲҵĻϲϴ裬ûٱҸ˵̫û뵽һҪ̰
һϲϴˣǸһȣֱȲˡ
֮ǰʱֻҪڼпգͻÿϴ裬ˡϴһΣϴһΡ
Щ춼ܼ첻ϴȣر𽲾
ɾãЦ
Ȼá̰˵ʶʱҪһݵӣῴҺɾûд
̰ôţסղϴʱҿҪ
ֻ̰ȻӦ
ЦһֱӰѹˡ
ڽ̰ţ̫˵
ϲûµˣ֮໥£ӹúƽ
ϲƽģƽ˼ҵĸо
һ֮ǰް˻һֱһ𣬿ڣģʱ򻹻ȻͻȻʶԭģԭ֮䣬
̰Ҫ˵ͻȻ
ʲô£̰ʡ
ĥţǱҪд·
̰⣬ȻʹӴ˶ơ
֮ǰҵݸ̰ͨţ˵һЩڹʵƵʱΪı¶Լ֪һ棬һԼ˵úٵġ
Ȼˣʱӣ̰Ǹˡ
ھͲһˡ
۫ĸڶԶηǳ˽⣬ٽԼ֪ʷ֪ʶ˵ʱҲоݣͷͷǵ
̰ú棬𶯣ͬʱҲٲЩԺ塪ˣ˲ã
̰Ŀ⣬ϲˡ
ҲһͻȻʶһ·Ҳûڱϵġ
󡭡
̰֮ǰ־Լ˼ֱ˫飬ͻȻûˡ
ʱֵɴƶϣǲվҪ֮󣬰ٷϴˡ
ϲ˵
̰ȴòǺ棬Ŀ̲סĹؼλƮ
ڴ̸£̫ʡ
˵ҪҪһΣ
ڿء
ڶһ磬վɺ𴲣¥ȥˡ
̵˺ʣأƽ٣ɶǸһģֻһʱҪٶʱҪ̡
̫첻ˡ
̵˾ؿһۡ
լˣǸ̰ĸµЩĸѾ֪ٺôһˡ
һľãٵϱǶ֪ġ
Ͼÿ¶ҪϢģ١
ôţóǱϲ࡭
ȷأ
϶ǰ΢Ե㣬֮Ϣһϴ裬ֻһ٣һ㻹Ժܶ൰ʡ
ϣ;һֻĿ
ƤϵѾܶ࣬ɢŨζ¼ᣬи̵غϹĸ̰ȻͿʼԼ
ʱļһֻͣܶȵ࣬Եˡ
Ҫ֪¥ô͵ġǻû𣿸̰е̵̾سǼС
һ˵顣Ц
Ȼ˵Ļ̰Ц
ԼС緢ģǿžϲ
Ǹϲôһӣϧǣ
˳꣬ȥ۫̰ȥ˻ӢĹ
ӢѾؽֵ豸Ͷ֪ʶĹȫȥɽˣһЩԼĻҲȥɽĹĹˣȴ
⼸ֻ꣬ҪûҲ磬ʲô׬ǮŬ
̰ȥʱ򣬻ӢڿᣬһŵȵӢȻ˾һȥ˶¥̸顣
ӢסķӵĶ¥Ǹƽ̨˵õı˵˳㸩Ӣϲָо
ֱ̰˵ϸ˵顣
ӢˣЩǴ֪ģ
˵ġ̰
֪ģȻ۫ΪʦҪ࣡Ӣǰѧˣ
̰
Ӣֵ֪ô顭᲻۫
̰
۫۫û£ӢܿԼĻɣָ̾һ䣺鱨磬
Ӣ֮ǰһֱţ֪֮ô飬Ϊиǿ鱨磬Ȿ֮϶һˡ
ϣ˵һ鲼ȫȫ鱨磡
ֻߣһ鲼ȫĴ֯һԱ
̰һ䣺ȷʵ
Ҫܸ棬̵ͺˡӢ
̰뵽ϸҡ˵ĳ棬Īе졣
ͬʱҲеΪί
ңñ֪кܴôģϧñ֪
̰ôţصڻӢŪЩӢó±ţͰߣȥԡ
ÿ磬۫ѧϰôҳԷǰͻ뿪
ҵͦӵģһ˶һԷģԼ£ǲʹ졣
۫ҲԼһѵ飬֪۫
뿪ңȥƽҽԺ͸̰һԷ
ķ˺ܷʢ±ţζǺܺãԵĳǻӢĳġ
̰ţûƫãӢǲصظģˣţ϶Ǹ̰Ҫġ
ԵúܿģȻͷĸ̰̰ţƲϲţ⣬ԡ
˸߸˵س緹ճ꣬ͻȻˡ
һ͵磬ʦҷһ£
ʲôʡ
ҽߵǸãǼ


225 
Դӿˡ, ҪΪһ񣬽һǿ鱨֯, רЩѧϰ
Ϊעߵ, ʼϸ۲ߵÿһˣǲǼ
ѧѧǸ˵, ӢѧУﰲʦߵ˸һȫԼߣûʲô
ȻͿʼעߵˡ
Ϊʲôôһֱסһ𣬲עȥע˭
춢Żߵ, ȻͷЩϰߣݲ䡣
, , ûճ㣬ϢźǱĵġ
ȷҲʡ
ȷҿʼ֮󣬾ĵط, 죬ͣ½Ųˣǰ˵ҶĻҪҺͶĹϵ
һ˵˺öɵ㣬ֻһû˵, Ǿá빴
Ҫ, Ϊļ۾ϹҲ̫Сˣ
еɣ֮ǰʾá˵û룬һ˵ˡ
֮ǰùʱͷţ۹⣬ҪҪȰûͷǰû뵽ùľȻֹһ
ˡ
Ȼ⻹ǽ֡
ϣ̰ѻӢݶ˻ֱ˵£ȻӢǰؼŮСЩǸ
ݵ
ӢԼıӵ֮ǰ빴ţСϷҼˣûᡣ
ǹ̫ɶˣ
̰ϣ˰ץ
˶ӢʣǼ϶˵ģ˶˵ץĻˡ
Ҫֱô죿̰֮ǰҲѡ˶ãڡʢϣֱӾˣɲϣҲˡ
οŮ˹ӢˣȻ
̰ɫеѿ
һֱ˽ӽΪѾúܺãû뵽Լĵطôˡ
ҲáӢ̰ľǶԵġ
磬Բ𡣡ݵǸеƽܰû뵽þȻǼ
һƬģȻι˹
Ȼ֮࣬ĻΡ
ȻһСľͱ˿ӡҺûüʲôȻһ
û£Ժעͺá̰
磬ߵЩѣҪ㶼Ҳһɣֵ
ЩѣϺ£ݿ϶ûģԺע㣬˾ˡ̰
ݵ˵ͷ
ֵ̰κܾǳ
ԣ˵ͦš
ӢϹèӡ
ȻûӢĻݺܸмǸŸ̰һ
̰Ǹеģ˵Ҫץã̾ȥץˣֱӺ£ȥˡ
ӢûˣʣҪҪһƣ
ҪݺԥҲԾԾԣҪ
Ҳᡣ˿ƻ齫ǲġ
ϱӸûЩⱲӾ͸˵ˣûʱ䡣
Ӣܼ򵥣ҽ㡣
аɡӦӢܿһ˿ơ
ǲǴʱ䣬Ӣ˺ܼ򵥵Ķʮһ㣬ҲԴڷġڽܿˡ淨
淨ͦģٶЩƽôĲ˵Ҫ
ӢׯȻõòУӮӮ
̰æʱѾ˼ʮ󣬻ݸǷ˻Ӣǧѹǧ
ˣӮ˸ҪǮ˾ͿտѺעӢһʼ˱Ǯģ֮ͿʼտѺע˵ѹһԪģǷԪ˵ѹԪܹǷԪ˵ѹԪһѹǧˣǷ˰ǧһֱӾ˵Լѹǧˣ
ֻҪӮˣ֮ǰĶ˾һʹҲ̫ˣ
ݰοôˣҪˣҲҪҪǮ㣿
Ӣ
̰ˣûʲôǮҲСǮǮɡ˵ţֱӰѻӢǰһԪƵǰ
ݺ͸۰Ͱ͵ؿǶǮ滹أ
ӢֱӰˣˡŪߵǮ滹ıǮأ
ƫʱԸ̰ҪǮʲôЩǮ㡣
ҲȱǮ̰
ۼҹǮġ
Ӣݸۼҡ϶ǲǵģ
̰еĶʣȻˣûѻݺ͸Ǯȥ
ݻǮִŵģֺøѧУĺƽûǮڸԼĳģȻŻӢָʾȥ·ѺܹΪɿ˿İ˰ǮͦٵģʵҲ
ϣþͱץסѵһЩ
ڵ֪õǼ֮󣬾ûˡ
ӼǡԽԽ𱬣æдС˵
¥дС˵һʼġѧһƪʺĶС˵ڶʱͰ˺ܶߣС˵ھͲѧôˡ
ǡ˿硷ǡɱ䡷Ȼܶ࣬ȡѧصʱҪ࣬ΪˡʵЩС˵Щǲϲģ˵Щ޳Ůͷ¶ˡ
Ӽǡͬ
ⲿдլŵģ漰˺ܶС˵˶ϲ
Ҳ֪ӵݣʲôʱܱ˷֣
ǸɱСүҲ֪ܲ
Ϊĸ

۷׷ףһ𿴡Ӽǡʱ򣬻ӢҲ顣
ӢϲС˵ˣټæӼǡ˺ܳһʱˣ
һˡ
⡶Ӽǡܶ˿˶идҲ֮һ
ĸףĸеƵģɱֿЦ
ӢЦһ£ͽˣû뵽ʱͻȻ˴٣ٷ˽籨
Ӣû˵ӹ籨ͿȻһͺˡ
籨緢ģ˵ĸѾϺˣ뷨ӿͻؼҡ
ӢͻȻִ²ĸоϾĸףǺܻڵġ
ӢҲ룬̾˰Ϣȥ˸̰
̰õϢʱѶãһֱڱ˵þǲ˵ѾҪˡ
ԭֻǹģûд֣û뵽ͻȻõôһϢ
ɡ̰
̰һʼȥץõʱ򣬲ȷǼʵϣȥץˣҲΪ֤õݡ
ȥʱҲѡܣֻǳá̰£̾ȷǼ
̰һֱڰͻȻ߳ȥþ˾
һֱãϺߣµӦǻӢڸ̰ҽĻ٣ûôע
벻ǣץ֮ľȻǻ١
ˣǰĸ̰֮ǰڻ߼Ǹźº͵ĸҽȫһ
̰ı䣬һ˫۾һƬ˲Ҷ࿴
ĸ̰ôĵһɺ
صغصôĻ٣϶ֶΡ
ǸҽӦ֪ġ̰ǰԼϵһҺϲ˶ְ˿ƶǵĸоϲ˳ƤҪҪԣ
һ仰˵
̰ЦЦ˽泯һųϣס۾Ȼϻһ
Ѫһεε£ˮͰδδ𡱵
ñס۾Լϵ˿ڣƲסؿֻ
̰ƽؿڣȻŮӣƤܱҪǷ࣬࡭
˵Ĺͷĺܿɰܶණ
⣬ϲ𣿡

Ҫ֪ʲôҶ㣡ڱˣƽ˵Ļ
̰ϵĵ£㻹ʶ࣡
̰ýԼȥʣת뿪ˡ
̰ˣļܿʳ˺ܶϢ
ǽ֮ȫ£һ뿪ѶңȻһѶҵſͣ£һʣ١ô
ôʲôţԱߵһһƴϣپǺŪ˵ġ
õϣȷʵ˿ڣһ㶼ǷɿֲϵĵѪŲŪġ
ⷨãǿԼѧϰһ£
һӦǹĵġ
Ժʲô飬Ӧö٣
֮ǰٲ˵ǿԺͨǻһ

Щ۵ʱ򣬸̰ȴȥ˹¶Ժ
֮ǰ¶Ժ˲ǮǮ˹¶Ժĵأָ˷ȥù¶Ժһʹ̶룬Ҳĺˡ
̰ȥʱڰæչŮӤһչˣһ߻Ӣġ
ӢѾѧòˣҲܱ׼̰ǰƽѧε
̰ˣ񿴵̰˸кȽæûк㣬Ҫǿˣȥ칫ҵˮȣϻЩʳ
Ҳʡ̰Ա߿չ˺ӡ
̰һΧͬæչ˺ӵŮˣ񣺡̣㵱ͰϺʱúܼ࣬ʱôģ
ô룿һҪӻ
̣ܸҽ𣿡ֵ̰
ʲôԣ
˵ʱǰ϶ǲԸԼĶ߱˵ģѾһˡ
ʶˣǿƽ˵ǰһˡ
˵Լôϴ·׬Ǯģ˵ʱǳʲôʲôʱ򲡵ݵֻʣһѹͷƫƫֻܰԡ
̰һ⣬Ҫ֪һЩ飬Ҫ֪ͻȻ䵽زĵط˶ôġ
÷ǳãۡ
̰飬Ƶɢһգֻˡ
ʱ˶ί
ãǵӾͺùˣ͹ҵ֮ǻܳ⡣
̰ٲʱʱţȻˣҲˡ
̰һߺ죬һߺһչЩŮӤ
ŮӤһǻ촽ѿġ
Ӥܶ࣬кܶˣܻ
һЩصĺӣû취˱ĸģȻ֢״ġʱܶˣǲͣкܶຢӵģȫĺӣǵһǶӣܱȻܶ˼ҾͻֱӰˡ
ӱˣֱ񵽹¶ԺƵˡ
̰ĪЩϧĺӣһ㡭ѿĴϣ⺢ܲܳñã
̰ĥ
ͻȻ뵽Ǹҽĺ¶Ժкܶຢ岻ûв̰ҿǡ
̰Ӧˡ
֪ԼĸҪ̰鲢ãЩ֮ȴ̾ͻָˡ
ʵѾˡ
̰ڹ¶Ժʱ򣬻Ӣڵ
Ӣڸ̰Ϣ֮뵽ø̰ͨͨ˳Լд˵ԼҲϲ˵߸̰õʱ¶ڡ
ȥҸ̰ȻҲˣ
һҲ̰Ӣе㼱ˣ̾ȥ
̰һֱ˸ţӦû¡οȻô˵ȴҲٲеżȥҡ
áӢ߸˺üˣܱܲһϢ˶ӲӦҵطɢȥˡ᲻ȥϷˣ
˵̰ȥϷˣе㲻ˣ̰ദˣŷָ̰ϷȤ󣬼ˣȥϷΪʲôȻˡ
עģһ㣺ɢģ̰鷳
Ҳ鷳ǵҪϺˡӢ
ĸҪϺˣ־ϲҪҳˣ
ǰģϺӢ
磬ĸסӢ˵ܲһ䡣
ԼԼĸôңӢü
٣ĸסʲôʣӢô˵ѵĸʲôõ飿
ӢһۣˣֱӸԭɣ̰ĵ
ӢҲƭˣ˵ǸĸףǸܴͳŮˣԷΪ죬ЩϲŮˣŮˣǸĸס
ĸ׳úÿʱȢΪȴҪ༸Ķء
ֺ٣˼ĶҲ޼¡
װѼǮʳغãһЩȥͬȥҳ·ǵĸףڼУ˵ӡ
ʵʱҲֻűȽѣĸ׾Ͱճˡ
ǸҶ̰ӣһʼ̰ʱ򣬻СܵôõĽСһȫһҺ֪ʵãˣ£ӣôСձҵʱθȻͻˣõġӢ˵š
ʵ˾
Щ飬ȫ֪ġ
̰ȻԹĿͷͻȻ뵽̰ϲӵΪСʱûô
Ȼṵָ̂ȫһܲϲߴգﶼӢֵЩ鶼ңԶˣЩѾǵˣҲЩǵú
ڹ⣬Ϊ̰ϰ׬Ǯ̰İǣ˵ԼģȻͲã̰һĸ
ĸǸϲŵģֱ˵Ļ֪̰˵˶٣ȻˣҲ˵ˡ
Щڹӣʵڲôá
֮ˣȻֻ֪Լйϡ


226 ƴ
Ӣ, ֵʵЩҲûʲôǵӦģǸʱ, һһεشǡ
ǵʱ, ˿Ĵŵŷ޵ģ֮, Ϊƭ޷ģĿס
žΪǵĸ׾ǸѾҪˣǵĸǣǹӳ, ϣڹ⡣
ǵĸףҲǡ
ÿ, ڱԹ, 
ͣ˵Ǹ׵ĻǸ׵̫̫ǵĸףΪ˱Ů˱Ķ, Ż᲻ҪǣЩĺӡ
Ӣ뵽ʱ飬;Ϣ
ԸţԼĸ׳Ϧ, ֪˶Ļ
أһʼȻܳȥ죬ִ֪, Ϊ˿ڳԵĸȶѣÿλؼңǵĸ׶ǿߣؾͲԸڼˡ
̰һʼӢҲģֻȥ֮ĵطñ˵ͬĵõһЩʳһЩǮ
С飬ʱѾСһˣһֱԼǸӡڳǰ±۸ˣҲСԴƽϣúˣ׵ͷ
ŪԵĻؼңĸ׻ֿʼ˵ǻһڹ֮ɥ
ͣرԹǣöΪûãǸ׵ϲŻᱻӵ⡣
ʱɲ֪ǵĸ׵ʱʵ˺ܶ鷳ǵĸҲӲԼŮ˺˵Щôǵĸ׵Ļ̰綼ˡ
ҪҲ᲻Ҫڡ
ʱǼңײ㣬ҺЩĺã̰ϲӢžɣ̰ͦ˵ģع֮æúܣʲôġ
֮ǰ֪еͳ
̰˼أ϶˵ӢҸ˵Щ˽һǼ飬ԺҪ̰ǵﳳվ̰߾ˡ
֣صصͷ
̰ĸڵʱǾ״̬⡣
ǲϲΪ
ֲã̰ȴԱ
һֱøֵ̰ͦģ̸̰ʱ̰˵Ϊ֪ԼԱģڿ̰ĸףҲйϵ
Ӣ˵̰ĸ˵Щʵá
ʱĸ̰źԼҪˣǾˣһֱԼţŻ᲻š
Ӱˡ
ӰҲֹӹӴ٣ûʲôӢӢһֱܷˣԸ̬ȣܿӰ졣
ʱͬĸֵܷǳ࣬˶ǲںģ»ӢгϢѾȷس˼ļ̳ˣ£ȫûҪһûɵ겻˳ۡ
ͰҸ鷳
ӦҲʲô飬ûԸʲô
뵽뵽˻Ӣһֱǲмֵ顣
ӢʱܱԼĸԲŻɣ
ͻӢ꣬Ӣµ˾Ѿҵ̰ˡ
̰Ȼڹ¶Ժ
ͻӢһȥͿ̰ڸЩ˵ҽҽܺãҽԾȺܶˡҽʲô˶ܵģ뵱ҽҪȰá
¶Ժĺ
ʱ˼ҵĺӣСû棬룬ûΪ֮ܶĿ꣬ҲͺгϢǹ¶Ժĺӣ°ѧУĺӣ֣лῴֽ˽磬㹻Ŭֺã϶ܸıԼ
̰һֱʡ
Ҵ·ͽ̰
̰ǿˣˣҪˣҪҪ³ԣ
á̰ӦˣͻӢȻҲӦˡ
ûãˡ
ӢڳƲƲ죬ȻͳŸ̰˹ȥ磬Ǹôˣ
Ҳ̰ǻѾҪˣˡ
֪һ㣬ֻԼ羭ֵģۻӢͲˡ
ʣҲûʣڵ֪˸̰֮ھֻԸ̰һ㣬ٺһ㡣
ģҲǸ̰в֮ˣЩ飬ǰʵҲ
ϣ̰õѶ棬֪ԭǹҵˣֻСձ˼
ЩңʱձйļûжʮôⱣֲ󣬵ʱ򣬻Ǵɫȥ߹ٵģܲסѶ
ͬģ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ԼǸʢϣ£ʢϣʵɽɽӢ
˵һЩԼǰ飬Щôѵǵģᵽв٣һѵģʮ
˵һЩ񣬱˵˻ӢĹϵ֮ࡣ
̰Щ˾Ȼйϵⶼôģ
ڸ̰ߣÿЩҲú
ʱձ񣬻ʢϣôãȻֻ鵽ôһ޹ؽҪȷ鱨
ϧ֪ʢϣ̰̲סü
ҲÿϧûиʢϣƬҪץʢϣɲף
ԸʢϣͦģϾʢϣǸʷĴ
ȻڵĸʢϣɲǶʮǸܶ飬ıĸʢϣ
ڲʮ꣬Ȼڸ׵Ĵ£ͽӴ֯ûô
ǣһȫϤĵط
ձϺ֣Ѿвٶ׽Ӣġ
˵¶ݣ
һĸʢϣʵһֱµġ
Ǳûףܾ֧˺һ׮׮顭
֧ץҲˣǻ˺ܶ๦Ű嵽ߵãȻҲܿͱץˣ
飬Ҫ˽ӽݣɾûôˣ
һڲмϸȻòô챩¶ʢϣԼĸȻһԼ֯
ñйˣûǹҵŮ˵һЩϰߣǸͬļɫһмϸʢϣûô챻ץ
ʢϣæץϸʱ򣬡ȾڹѾ˳顣
ʱƼչزôƻС˵ûʲôдЩĿƻýû֣ı³һͦߣ׿ĿƻС˵Ȼ׷
ȻˣⱾܻҪǿ֣ʵմֵĹġ
Ȼ󡭡͸һʼŷĿѧҾⱾдֵȷģһһҽϸѧһͨĶߣҲôá
˵־ҷģ
̫ˣ
ЩȾÿ£Ҳ֪ϸôģһҪҼһ

ûŷޣһЩͨռûвġ
йٶķ㣬ҲܱȰֵصũĵŷޡǰǳбࡰûģǶԴ㲻ôУЩͨ˼ҲͲװ
ܶ˵˼
ͨģһЩѧʵˣȴʼоĶⱾᵽҽѧ֪ʶᱳ֮ࡣ
оʱٲ취Ūˡڰ󡷣Ȼһо
Ⱦ͡ڰдǸᣬǵŬĿꡣ
һЩоģ
ҾЩѧңЩμѧңӦÿ顣

ǣûãڰ󡷱Ҳųˡ
Щ飬̫˽⡣
죬ֻǰԼдص㣬ӽ¿ΪƽҽԺ
㸵̰
̰ΪǷǳģһʱõ͡
֮ǰΪæ϶ʲôˣģϢǹ߻ˡ
̰ƷϢҵĴϵʱе㷴Ӧ
оͦõġ
֮ǰ£һֱйоصģлúܴ̼
Ҳúܴ̼
֮ǰһֱø̰ͻȻָ̰ҲкСʱ򣬱Ȼһۡ
֮󣬸̰ӡ
Ҳûʲô飬Ϣһ¡
ʵ黹ͦģǲż̰룬󵽵׻ˡ
ȷʵϢһ¡
̰ϢʱϢʰɾˣŴȥϴ
ݹʱ򣬾Ϳϴ
ǲʲôԲ飿羹ȻϴЩ𾪣飬ôӶġ
˳ϴһ¡ذѴãֵ̰ģ
ǡݵġ
ȷʵģΪѧУ顣
ѧУѧŬֵٶȺҲˣܶѧ˺֣ǰ֡
ںǵѧϰȺʲôѧһ𣿡ʡ
üͷ΢塣
ֶѧУѧ˵ȷʵ׵飬ʵϣѧֺ£ͷˡ
ʵͦġ˭ʱ֣Ƿ֣
Сѧļ֣ͦϲֵģϾһӵķֺ˼֮񡰰֣ûġġͦϧġ
ҲòϣѧҪѣǶЩȫûлǰżֵ˵
ֵĳ֣Ϊϣ˶֣ϣֲϲ˲ŻĶ
ʱһЩѧߣΪ÷ѧѣһֱҪϳ֡
ǴʱһЩˣҲúǣӦѧ
Ȼˣġ
Щӻû취ѧϺܶǶʶֻ᷽ԣģѧĺѡֵ
ĥԺҪô죬ݵĻһ
뵽ƴ
ʵִǲѧƴʵûɶ£ϾͨʢУһ㲻õĶֻ֣¸ֵAPP׼
ʱ򣬸ضϰ÷ģ
һЩСѧʦʱֱ÷Խ̣
ϺĶˣѧʺܸߵģҲкܶ಻˵˵ʱء
Щúǵѧϰˡ
ϰ˷Եǣڲѧ֣ѧһµԣҲˣʦĶ׼ǵĶֻô
ƹƴĲ˵ٿôҵĶ׼һ㡣
úӸõ֡ѧ
ҡǵãʱڣѾоƴˣһƴ
˼
ݵʲô
úǵѧϰ򵥵ķ
𣿡ʡ
²סãҪʲôû˽һⷽ
ô˵ݺʧ䣬ʱˡ
ʲô飿ʡ
С㣬˽ӵˣֵ
ӢȻԼĸ׺ܲǵĸףõϢ֮ڻվţǵĸ׵ˡ
ʱĻ𳵷ǳ׼ʱϵֲ㣬ҪȥվˣҪȺܾá
Ȼˣһû˻ԼɵȣְڻվŵģʱҪϺüܵȵˡ
ڣǵȵ˻Ӣ̰ĸףʢƽӣĻˡ
˵˰˽ӵ֮󣬻˸绰
ôˣһ㶡
ڷļŮǸϵõˣҲûõȥ
ǹϵҪãҪعʱ򣬻Ҳڹ⡣
ȥ̰˵һ
ĸ֮󣬻ᱻȥӢլӣҪȥʸ̰̰ԸԸȥ
Ϣҵʱ򣬸̰Ѿˡ
̰˻ݵģʣˣ
ûСϢ˵ĸѾϺˡ
̰üͷ΢塣
ԼĸףϵʵڲôãҪ֮ǰҲһֱϺԸȥ
ǵĸס
һȥֵ̰ һ˹ȥˣؼҰɡ
Ҹһȥ
϶ǻǲˡ̰֪ԼĶѾϵȫ¶ˣе㲻ȥԼĸס
ԸܺãƢҲãͨȻ޳飬ʱҲûпڳԡ
ĸ׾Ͳһˡ
̰Ҫȥˣ϶ίǲίġ
Ÿ̰ģϸһ룬ʶԼҪȥˣָøӣûмֻ֣ڼ㡣
á̰Ц֮󣬾ȻͲôˡ
̰ͻһȥ˻Ӣլӡ
ǵʱ򣬷Ѿһˡ
̰Żݽȥ̾һ豭ϣĺ车·οһƬˮա
̰üͷ΢壬֪ҪԼĸײͣ
ȻţԼĸ׵ҪģôĻˣҪҵ
̰ޱ顣
ֵôһȺծģӺò׺ùһ㣬ǾȻֳôôģôȥˡ
ֻǰ̰ˣܻ᲻ܡ
һֱҪңÿλؼңԵĶЩһܾ
ܵһû⡣
ֲļңֻһӡ
ڼ
Ҳ֪ϼʲôӦǲٵģϾ֮ǰǡȿȣ
̰ˡ
лҪ˵
ʱʱ³Ѹ˵ֲйȳȥֻԼĻ


227 ҳ
Ұ, ҰСû֡
Ҳͦ˵, ô֡
, һ߿ޣһ
˵ˣ̲ס
ҪԸģǾͲǷˣƾʲô˵Щ, ǷҲǸʡĵģһﲻúڼţȻȥ飬ֱ˷ף
Щѿеĸ׵ôŮģ
Ҳȥ, ȥ̰ǲвȻϲŮϲˣ֪, Ҿ͸ðͰ, һˮȥ
ֻ̰û
Ѿ˸λˣ˸˲裬š
, ҲˣóסԼôô࡭
̰ҲԼͦùģŮˣ͸ü޸ͨͨ, Ȼ󰲰ֵַعһӣ۰ӵĸ, ƫƫ޵˻֡
ȻˣֻҪԸ۾úÿ磬ܹõģԸ⡣
ţӢˡ
Ӣһţɫ
󽭣ˣ󽭣Ҫúùܹܵܣʲô°ȻԸסԺɾûˣһӢ͵Σ㶼Ҫ飡
ֻҪǮûϣӢɵ˵
ôô˵ŭˡ
Ҳһֱô˵ģҺ̰飬ҲõûϡӢ
˵ʲôһ㶡
˵Һ̰һӲ鲻ӣҲû˸ϡӢҲϲˡǲû˵
ץһ豭ŻӢӹȥ
Ӣ㿪ˣôʲôϲûʲô
鿴ŻӢǺӣЩιȥ
̰ȵؿӢ֪Ӣ϶Լû뵽ӢȻ˵Ļ
ӢԼܵܵĿ⣬¶Цڣôֵܷܰܵ
ϧǣĻͣΪӹĴ̼ˣǻӢ͸̰ˣͱ˸
Ƕ⣬ֻԼȲ衣
Ҫ֣š
ʵ˵ĲǷ飬Ӣ˰˶ȥˣƫƫǷ顣
ôҲǵǵĸûзңĸ״磬Сµʱ򣬶ͦõġ
Ӣòˣ˰
̰ͣȴˡ
㲻³ԣӢ
е̰
ˣѡ³Է𣿻ӢôţͻȻ뵽ǵĸڣǱúóԷ
ֱø̰뿪ˡ
ûӢ͸̰û취
ֻзӢһԣϵķȴǳʢ
ǰӣӺù֮󣬶Կڸ֮ͷǳӡȻˣӢҲġ
Էʱ򣬷黹˵ţ󽭣һֲֻʹҲҸ˹ӡ
Ӣ¿ӣҳԱˣ˯ȥˡ˵ţֱӾ¥
ģԻݵݣ㿴磬Ķʲô¶
ֻͷԷ
һ߶һ·ҪúðѰһ£ûкʵĹ
ͷԷ
粻أǸȢǮϱģƫһֲֻˡ
ݻͷԷ
Ǹ˵ģȻ粻š
ûúóԷˣ˵ʲôأ
ݶӡܺãҲ֪Լжôĸô˵
˵ôʲôǲҲƭˣˡ
ڷ鿴ʲôûУǸĶӣҪʸ֦ġ
֪ʲô¥ǸˣݵˣףҲҪģ
һˣôû٣Ů
˳˰죬ҲûȻòУ᷶飬ֱӳȥˡ
Ӣߴҳʱ͸̰Ҳڳ
縵̰룬ȡ
Ʋ͵ļ࣬һЩ嵭СˣȻˣ˵ķЩ˰ļҲˡ
⼦ǰģⲻó˰ɣ̰Լ⣬üͷ΢塣
ͦóԵģûʲôӰ졣Ե⣬˳ԼԼһ㵰ʣζûϵ
ôţͷְ˿ŲϲļƤӵֱӳԼ⡣
̰ԵøˣԼθҲˡ
Ǹôˣʡ
̰̫ദȱҰǵ˵ˣˣȥ
Ÿ̰Цһá
̰˵飬͵֪ˡ
Թд£̰顣
Ŵţ̰ͻȻг˵ʢϣΣӦҲǵһԱ
Щȡ
֪ʮǸ飬һֱΪڵӦûûгΪ顣
þȻô˵
һֱҶ飬£ô̰ʡ
Ȼÿ춼ȥҶ飬Ǻ죬Ҳϲ̰˸ɡ
̰áϲˣʲôö˸δɡ
˵ţˡ
ݹҲû飬רŹ̰˵һģ磬ܲϲ˵ȥ鷳
֪ˡ̰֮󣬾Ͱѻˡ
֮һŮӣŮȥߣŷ飺ҪȰһ㣬Ϳ£Ҫʱ򣬾ǿưؼҡ
ǣ٣ŮӦһ
̰ӻ֣뿪ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵլӡ
֮ǰ˷ĻӢִӷˡ
լģլҲģһߣ˰ѻݺͷĶԻ
Ӣվ¥ݿڣĮؿŷ顣
ˡ黰δ䣬ͱӢˣ˵
Ӣֵҹһ¡Һ̰ϲ˵飬ǲ֪ģ˵֪
Ӣ⻰ǰģ˼ˣȷʵû֪̰ϲ˵飬ϲˣȻû֪ˡ
ںǾ䣬ˣû˵ñ֪Ļ
Ȼأʣֻ˵ʲôǲǸģôͲ
ӢҪñ֪ҺܶҪϴ鷳ʱ϶ǣ˵۲ΪǸϳȥʱΪ˱չ˲Լ˵һȥ
ҲȥҲ͵˵جһⱲӣҲȥ⡣
Ͱغãǧñ֪ϲˡӢֵԼĸ׳ȥ˵ȥ鷳ֻǰ취
֮ǰҪȥһ֣Ӣô˵ʱԼͷ
Ӣ⻰ûġ
û֪ӵëĸ˾ûˣӰ쵽ʲôҪñ֪ӵë
Ժӣ¾͵òɷϲˣҲһֱĶӣ
ι֮ûаԼеľÿԼ޸̰ŮӴϺΪЩŮ֪̰֮˵
һҪӸĹģ
ڶһ磬վȥ۫ѧϰ
֪۫ܶ࣬ȻҪˣȻܶϵӵһǿĹϵ
ڰЩGѧ
ʦЩôGʣ۫ڣѾܾϲˣ۫ӦԼĶӲŶԡ
۫ԭҲ뽫Լӵģʵϣڲ֪ұ֮ǰѾԼѽԼĶˡ̵Gģӵģ϶ԼĶӡ
ǣԴ֪ԼĶӼұѶӴؼַ֮ĺܶ뷨֮۫ͷ㡣
ĶӶԼĹûйУЩҪǸڳʲô
۫ҲǵԼӵģҼȻˣЩˡҲи֮룬Ҫʲô飬ϣܰ
۫ܶ
ͲСˣвǻھ͵Լû֮ԼĶӹòá
۫ͦӵģЩҪ˵ģʦм˵
ʲô£۫ʡ
ʦץһ˵Ҳ֯һԱȻϢһ׼ȷ
ô˵ֻһ۫û뵽֮۫󣬱鵱
۫˶⽻٣ֱǸ˾Լ⣬ͷˣĻ֪̾ԭ
Ķӣ˵Ǽ
۫ȥ˵һ˵һῴúգһŰݷá
áӦͬʱҲһ
۫ӣԾ֪ģһҲͲ̫ˡ
ѧһ磬뿪ˣ۫뿪ȴȥԼҺԺ
̵ѧʱһֱǲԼĶӸŵģϾʲôֻ鷳
磬Խ̵ԼĶӣԼĶӽ顣
죬۫ûոԼӶ໰һȥ˰ߵ˽Ȼǡ
㲻Ҫǡģ˵Լļࡣ
ǸĲʹǮõòٲ˵ۣ
ɫҲеѿ㲻ܸǣǸһ𳤴ģ
ˣĸڱ۫ڼȫ˲ϵ棬ܺ͸ʢϣͨš
ѾˣǱߡֿ۫ˣһÿʮԪǿȥһɡ
۫ӦʮԪѾǳˣ˻һֱģ۫ɴ˰Ǹ˳ȥ
ţֽ۫һԼӶģ˸ĶˣööԷţΪ˱˰סǸСԺӸ
۫ôΪЩձ˳׶ϵ壬һЩյ£һȻܸЩձ˶ϵظɸɾġ
Ĵ㣬ûи
ߵĸߣԼԱ߻һԲͨĶ׳һֱԼԽԽ¡
۫ǲѾ֪ˣ
ҵ飬
մ۫뿪ûȥҸ̰ȥݷ˼ѧʶԨˡ
Ȼ󣬴Щ͵֪峯ĩʱ򣬾Ѿ˸עԴϺѧˡ
ȻˣЩ˵עƴйѧӢģڡappleһšġעñע֡
⣬ʱѾעˡ
֪ЩֶһԼִʱ򿴹ϣҲ֪ˡ
ʱڣ˵עݱΤƴƹֻעãҲ㡣
Ǿͳˡעдй˵ĵ֮йĳЩѧ߾Ȼ֪˼дʲô
ںֳܶЦ統ʱߵһԼдʱƴд֣˷Ȿʱ򣬾Ȼ֪˭ֱˡ
ӱôһڣˡ˹ʱһѧдһ飬ӵһ仰йѧֽģʱΪ˹ǹһˣֱͬˡ
ʣעǲ̫ʵġ
ԣϣԿƹ㺺ƴƴҪƹ㲢ף㲥ûеʱˣ⻹һдƪ£֮ܽȫ
ƴô˵ҪȽһѧУ
ͬʱһ⣬Ǿƴʵѧúһ㡣
ûϵͳϹѧüҽ̵̽ģȻѧƴûộؾһЩѧӢ﷨֮࣬ƴ͸Ϥˡ
Ȼˣƴǻƴģؽƴȫдĸĸ϶ȫעȴеѡ
ʵҲһóһķ
Ĺ˱ͷ˾֮ܽ
ôţùһֽͿʼ֮ǰĽĹԱдš
Ϊ˲ѧóѣԱöԷƹ㣬֮ԱʱдŸ͹
ڣ˵һЩԼƴ뷨дһЩƴúֱעȻż˳ȥ
æһæͰѸ̰ĸ׸ˡ
̰ĸףȴһֱ
ΪӢľ棬ȥѧУ£Ҫ
ϣ˰ȥ̰ס
ϺʱǸźŮӶһЩڵģϣ̰ŵŮӶҲߡ
ôŮӶ˸̰ס
ӢŵŮӶˣŮⱲӣҪľǶӣɲܸˣ
Ҳ֣Ǹ֣ʵͦúģ̰ŵˣ̶һ죬Ͱˡ
Ȼˣ˾취ѹϵ¸ãǶŸɡû취ͷ÷̡̫
ҸǶŸɣʹǸҶŸɣֵ
ˣ
ʱĶ˳
лҪ˵
2008꣬˷ʱ򣬰ѡ顢ʯΤƴԭΪChiang Kai-shekַˡꡱ
֮ǰ˰ӷ˹


228 
һǲڼҵ, ڼҡ
Ҫʼˣͳʱ, ޸һ, Ȼҵּܳ
æ꣬Ķ߳ȥ, Ϳһ΢֣ٲƺܶ긾˴ŮӶ˽
һرĹӣͷȫ¶ߺƵԴ
һʽ긾ŮӦҲǡ̰ĸס
ǰŮӵü, ̰
û뵽ͻȻԷ⾪, ܿ侲
̰ȥչ˷ǸŮ, 鵱ǻġ
Ϻǳİɽ˽ϺŮӶҲͷǳΣŮӶס
ǵ, ס
ǸɵİɣŴӲססôСӣ
ǰЩȻܹ࣬ԴӻعӾԽԽˡ
Ĳ˵, ɽסķӣǷǳġ
Ϻضͬ, ķӶС
ⷿӲСˡӻ̰ǲԼĸ׼ģȻˣܲܲλˡ
̧ͷͿһĸߴӴ
˸ͦߣһǳɫ񲼳ۣЩȵԵʣӾ¶ݿžĸ첲ϻһֱ
ﲻСˣסӣԺӾͱⷿӴ󣡡ôŨؿĹĵʣСӣǣ
ӣǺֳϲģһμͺϲӦԼӵѡȻܻύѣһҲġ
ʱӢߵĹ´򽻵ɽ˽⣬Ҳ׷˵ʲôЦЦ̰ĸף
黳Լˣ
еӦǸЩϷһԼڵظƵˣǰСӣ
ǵģĸЦ
֮ǰɫģȴɫ̾Ҫ
˿ΧסˣֻҸӣл˵
±֪Լӵëصǿ˿ӡ
ЦЦǶȥ
ĸҪ̸ʲôʡ
Ҫ̸Ҷӵ飡ҵĶӣ̰ǲһ
ӻӢ֪˺ܶ෶Ϊ治֪ԭѾ֪͸̰ˡ
֪ҲãֱӦˣǵġ
úõһˣΪǮһһôģԵ𣿡
⻰治͸̰һ𣬿ɲΪǮҪǵǮҲɢơ
ڻᣬԺҪȢϱӵİɣ̰ˣֵ
ҲȢӡ
ֺŪ˵Ļǲŵģˣ˽ĺܣǾǳᣬ̵Ǯĵؿû棬˽⣬ȫԸְԣ˸˵飬ֻ֪Щ˻Ϸӡ
ĸˡеô˵ϾԼû顣
ģǷ˵Ȼô̰ίˡ
ʲô᣿˵̰һ𣬲ΪǮЦһɣҸһԪ뿪̰
Һ̰һ𣬻治ΪǮСһԪĸ㲻̫ˣ
ôû뵽Ȼϱ˦֧Ʊڡ
Ҫ˦˦ӦׯƱ
һ㻹٣Ҳ̫̰ˣ
һ治࣬ȻǴ󸻴ģһд飬Ҳ׬һ򡣡Ұ־ҪһʲôһҲܸǧĴ
и̰ĸȫأڹˣ¿ҲֻڱϺ׬ÿɲԽԽˣ
ϧˡ
ĥţԼҪܵǮУϾˣҪҡ
ˣд飬׬ôࣿ
ĸ֪Уĸ֪̰𣿡
鵱Ȼǲ֪ģǸʲôǮ
̰ҽԺһ׬һûʲô⣬б룬һôŶ׬ü 졪Ը̰룬ʵǲ˽ġ
ü򣿡鱻סˡ
ǾӣΪ̫ף˧ǲҸ̫Ǯģһһ¸һǧڡ
·ʳҪԼǮǮͶĥҪȢϱá
һ˵ʵ٣û뵽ԼϵĶӣȻ׬ôࡣ
Բĸ뿪̰ôҪҸɣ
飺
Žĸ̰
ȻˣҼҲ뿪̰̱ġ
̰֪ˣͼҴҸ˻һǱ˵ʲô
Ȼûǰ̰Ҳܲ¸š
˵Ҳ뿪Լ̰ŵģϾˣһֱôǮЦؿһֿۣԼĸףôˡ
黹ţʱʶؾʣһ£׬ü򣿡
̰ҽԺΪ֣׬ͦģ⣬ӢҲÿ¸Ǯüеġ
ҲֵµˣĶٶǮȥҲƲż׬ϲ١
ĸͻȻôʣӦ˵ʲô̰ܡ
ͻȻеãȻأһ׬٣һֱõٵĲǮĥһ¼ǧһҲˣϾҵˣһ¾ͼ顣
Ӷ׬ô࣬ɷǲһ¼ʮ
ҪҪǮ̰
ɶ֪߸ˣһֱɷˣϾȥ˵ܼŻʵۡڣɷҪӸǮ
һͻȻ׬ôǮôҸŮ˽飿ûкӣǮҪô죿
ͻȻãԸ̰ĸ׵̬ȣе̫ˡ
ͷôң˺Σ̰ΣҲȢӡ
Ҳǡ˸̰Ŀ⡣
ô໥ţպõòС
Ƿŭˣ̰Ǹǣ׬ôǮһǮҲңǲǰǮˣ
͸̰֮̾ʧˣ̰ǸĸƢ̫á
û¡
һ˷顣
ʵҲͦɱģʲô¶ûУҲʲôߵ˶ܲãڣӲݵ£Ҳʲô
̰ܿͰ˻ȥ
Ȱߣֵ̰㲻ܿҪȥˣǻһֱϺһ𡣡
̰ǰԼĸ׵ĸоһֱܸӣȻϲ̲ס
Ͼĸס
ңĸȻʱϲҲЩʱݳͯҥ׼ʳ
ΪüǲĲġ
ڣĸ׶࿴Լ۵ˡ
ʵûĸףҲӰʲô
㷶鲻ߣ̰ҪߣҲû취ġ̰Ѿ¶ˡ
áӦһһڸ̰Ҫʲô顭Ըҡ
̰˵ͷ죬û˵Լͷ飬ֻһ׬˺ü򡣡
Ц
̰Ҫѷͻɽûɡ
Ӹ̰ȥ֮󣬷ͿʼװԶȻǻӢ֪װֿ־ʳʵû취ֻΪɣţ߶ల˼ˡ
ĵûӰ쵽ʲôӻչ󣬡񡷾һϣ±Ͽˡ
ϣ±̾ͱһա
ʤ̫ˣȻķ
Щձ̫ɶˣ
Ҳ֪ǲˣ

ͨ۷׷ס
һЩˣȴ̾ѣҾȻдһˡڲͬ
ⳣʤëȻ
飬Ҳ֪ôģ̫ˣ

ȻˣҲ˿飬Ϊǲġ
ҡ
´ǰڵġ֮󣬾ͽϰ壬ӡšⱾϣ±ϰ
´Ϻĵͷߣ˭ҲĻһ磬Ͱˡ
ըһӳһ߳һ߿
ⱾһǷǳֵѧϰġ
´飬֮ǰһֱÿѧ֪ʶסЩ鶼ѿͰˣģ֪飬Ҳڴƴģɲÿã
Щš֮ҲǣҲûɳʲô飡
ԴϺ߿ʼһЩİ׻飬Ҳͻῴˡ
ϾЩö
飬Ǵпٶ
´Ūһļ֯һ֯
ͬ뷨ģн
´ѳ꣬ϵҲͿˣʱ򣬽ˣ㣡
ʲôҪң´µؿŽǰûи˵󡱡
һЩ֣ٸһǮɣ
ʲô´ʡ
֮ǰһֱ֪ԼʲôеãŻÿɵز£ѾȷĿˡ
Ҫ齨һǿ鱨磡
֯һҪձ˵֯
˵Լ뷨
´ÿɷһֱ
ûףأ´ǮҶ㣬úøɡ
˵Ӧһ
ͬһʱ䣬ܶ˸ҸһоⱾ飬ϺĸʢϣҲ⡣
µһкܶݣǰ˺ܶ飬Щ飬ʢϣԽԽϤ
кܶ飬ʵûиɹ
Ƕļϸûҵʢϣʡ
ûСʢϣµһֱڲϸ飬ŪĻ̵̻ģϧʲôûвʢϣҲΡ
ʢϣʱȴǿԼ¡
һֱ鲻ϸ᲻ϸʵߵˣ
ʢϣԺôһͷԽԽģܿ죬͸Լǲܵġ
Ϣ𣿡ʢϣʡ
ûУӦǱĸ׹ˣϵ
ʱͲҪϵˡʢϣͻȻ뵽ʲôڻӢĹмˣ
һˡ˵
ӢĹȥƶյģȲ֪ЩҪȥйȻû취˰ȥֻİ취
ҺãΪЩԱѼ˴ϺԵʣ㰲˻ȥ
ϧࡣ
ʢϣ˵ͷüͷ
˻̫ˡ
ʢϣڿ񡷣ձҲڿģձˣҵˣҲˡ
Ӣ˾ͺϲⱾ飺Ȿ飬һҪ㷭Ļعڣ
ǳ
Щ¹浹ù
Ҫǳ棬һкܶȥ򡣡

Ӣ˺ϲⱾ飬ҲֹڴˣЩˣڿⱾ֮Ѿըˡ
һ¹ڿ֮󣬾̲ס޳ܵձˣ
Щձ̫ɶˣ
ԭǴɽййǵģձͻȻǶ֣
ձͻȻǶҲˣȻıƣ
¹˼ֱձˡ
ʵûôıƵվҲǿ飬֪ԭǹҵôģ
Ȿȶȹ콵ʱյ˱ĵ籨
Ǹƹ˱ˣȥ
صĳѻᱨҲˣȥ˱Ǯ
˿˵гˣôΪƴ
дźܺд˺ܶƴ֪ʶҽƴĶƴдȻˣעģaoรe
ӵ籨֮Щԥ
֮󣬾һֱϺԶҲȥݣҪȥ֮϶ûеģ뿪ϺϺߵһ̯˲ϡ
¶Ժ¿ѧУȻô£Ǻܹעؼʱ̻㽨ģܲðЩȫ¡
одأǡӼǡǡ񡷣ûд꣬ǡӼǡϸддģ鲻̫̣ʱҲдꡣ
һԥһֱûҪô죬ûãյһ籨籨֮ǰ˷ģڵ籨Ǹ˵Լ֮ǰ̫żˣǲ֣˵Ҫǲ㣬Ϻ
˶ƴĺӡ
ҲǣʱңкܶҪȹģҲŬѰַҶԽޱӡ
籨ԼҪǲظ˵Ҫˡһ籨öԷɼ˹Լѧϰ˵Լ֪ƴƣҪо
֡
ѧԭڽ֣ͷǺʢģǰ;һƬ
ȴ˸Ц
֮ǰûڰ칫˵ԼĶӲһٿ¥¥Ȼӣ
칫˶ͬҲܵùȻͰЦ
ЩԾѣһҪƽԴÿŮѧһù
ŵ㣬ֵĹԱ½½ˡ
Ǻܶ˵ϣű־ң˶ˡϣ±Ҳֻѧʱʲôûá
£ûϣ±ʡ
ѧû˵֪ͬ£кܶڰЦ
Ǹӵģ飬ȻؾͲԸЩͬ˵ˡ
ѧӣҲûȤͲԼ۵ĵȻǡˡ
߾£˺ܶ꣬Һ¥Ǻгģ֮ǰϺǱߵŮҪŵʱ򣬱ߵŮͬ˿
Ǹڹ̣һβãһҲֻñѧԸŮѧѡ
ѾһܴĽˣ
֮ǰŮӿûлѧģ
ţͿǵ˾ˡ
׾Ǹͨţ֮ǰƹ˱ˡ
֮ǰ涼ѧ࣬ʲôҪһӮˡ
ʱϲģһ֪϶ˡ
ٲþʲΪʲôôˡ
׹һЦиϢһ˵
ô˵ţѧ
ѧ֮ǰһֱǷģڲ˿Ųǰô룬Żе顭
˵ѧ˸õġõݣ̫
ǵģһˣȻɳ
ĪЩϧܿ־ãѧܡҲ֪ôģôõĶӶҪ


229 ƴ
״Ŀ, ѧǸܵ˵ģܵ, ٲüͷ
òô, ϶Ц
ôһ룬ѧе뵽, ͸ˡ
Ϻص֮ѧͮ󳳹һܣڳܵԭ򣬱Ǯ
֮Ϊͮ, ˸Ůˡ
Ůɣֻʮ, Ļò, ֺˣΨһȱ㣬ǰûʲô顣
ѧʱ, Լû취Щû鲻ܽŮ˴һĲϲһʤһգӣʶ֮ͮ, Ҳû
ͻȻ־áŮû, Ҳǻˡ
û飬رݶˣ˵ʲôɶΪԣóݵĿ⿴
ǰһʱ緢ĸо
ͬʱҲ̵֣ɶ飬Ǻ˼飬軭֣Ķˣ
ѧôÿոɴһ𣬶Ըؼȥˡ
ȻûʲôǮÿ¼ٿнˮ㹻ٰýˣ
ɣҲĸӣ֮󣬾ûˣһԺӰ֮ɸǽأһһź
ѧ֮ǰͮûйŮˣʶ֮󣬷֪Ů˾ȻôãٲóУһʼǵüˣ㲻ͮͮüӸҪǮʱǻģһˣͰǮȫˣӡ
ͮôǮǲȱǮġ
ǰɻ֮ѧе⣬Լ
Ȼϣͮ
ϵĻңѧ䡣
ͮҪǮҲִͮ󣬶棬һϣһǾԺÿ¸ͮһʮԪͮҪɡ
һɾ·ˣ
ѧΪЩһû˯ٲ¹ڲ̲ס˯ϣԺ˯˹ȥ
׼ѧͬˡ
ˣʱȴæмˣ¸档
ЩѧʹģЩЩӣϰʱ򣬾ֻֽȺȲ裬ֻߣ콲һŮ˵ӵѧҵ֮ࡣ
ҼСӣϺúö飬ҾȥձԵͷ
ȥձɲãͬѧҶϲģ
УɽǱһֱҲ֪ģСȾ͡顭Ǳȥձˣ
Ҳֻ֪ȥŷĴƱˣ˵Ǳܴ֮󡭡

Щһ̾һ˵˵йѧԿϵĺ٣ԼǮȥֺܹ
ȥձǱˣ
ЩۣҲڶ
Լֵµ˲ɻ죬ЩģҲû̫Щˡ
͵ˣ̫ˣӴߵˣⱱˣͷĻ
һ̤ʵ£
Щ飬Ҫġ
ԼŬһ㣬һԼĺһƬ
ҲҺһ㣬ٺһ㣬ܹҸ
׽̤ʵµ˽˹һ˲£ҪȥϺ죬˭Ըȥ
û˵ʲôЩƴˣȴ׷׵Ը⣡ȥϺã
ǡ׿һۣǾһȥɣ
ʵԼȥ࣬ùȥ
òȥĻȥȻ͸˽˵ѧƴ顣
ԣЩ˷ܣ˷һΪƴһ棬Ϊһȥܼ¥
ǿ¥Ƕǿ¥ģ¥֪ѧĶôġ
˺ܸ˵ʱǼ֮ǰԥΪԭû˵Ը⡱ˣˡ
׶ϸ˵һȥʲôģ¶ҪǾȻˡ
ڣҲûˡ
ǺȷʵûˣΪ׵ڶ죬ѡеˣͬʱҲ˵籨
û뵽׶Ȼô죬Цһ£óʼǱʼԼ֪ƴһһд¡
ִʱʹõԵʱƴֵġ
˵ƴֱʴдС˵ģֳٻ٣һߴһ߻Ҫôʾ÷֮ࡣ
١һСʱǧҲˣˣֵٶҲûбҪҪ졣
ϰƴĸЩƴǼǵõģֻЩĸñӲñ֮飬ˡ
ЩЩȥơ
ֵ䣬һд֣ٸЩע
¶ǳģȥҲûѳֵֻ꣬˼֣ʱ򣬲װŵˡ
ѧƴģһʶһˡǸʷϼֵġ
дܶ£ҲȻ˵㲨ۣôֺùˣͦٵġ
Է˶Էҽ֮΢΢㶣ȻЦŰ뵽
ʱȣҲ飬ã˵Ժÿ磬ļнƴ
ԭҪڱ𴦽ƴģϸһ룬־˷ʱ䡪ڱ𴦽ѧƴٲҪܣڼͲһˣʡ·صʱ䣬ôڽ̹Щƴ֮̿ʼд
Ҫֻ̫ܷ࣬ȥҽԺŸ̰ˡ
˶ûܿڸһõ꣬
ڶһ磬֮ճ緹Ȼȥ۫Ǳѧ⽻
ȥʱ۫ûȸźGѧϰѧһ۫ˣ۫ѯһЩ̫Ķ۫졣
⽻ĶҪ࿴ʵģʵֻܶ۫˵ˡ
۫ɤӲãŸ´ɱӣʱһȹߵİײ裬磬͸Ϊջ衣
ѧһ磬۫ײȥݾջʱǣʱѾаڵˡ
ϳؼңԵ㶫ѧˡ
ͨǺܱ׼ģϱϷˣͲôֵǰڲѧϰˣǵصıˣ˵÷ǳãֵܷú
ҲˣĽѧɡ
ԼѧڡwעڡͣرУ뵽ԼѧӢʱ顭
̵ѧǺĵģЩĵط͸һ̽֡
⣬ѧܸжҲܾ塣
֮ǰͬʱҲЩĵģദϾԴѧƢܴ
ʵϷǳദƽ׽ˡ
սѧһ˾͵ģȫһ
ǾôģЦʡ
ǾӦòദ˵˵֮ǰڱ̹ʦ˵㲻˵
ԭڱġ
ΪѧףȶСѧ
ͷ˶鶼ѧͨСѧʮ߰ѧټƫƫѧܵȥСѧһܲСѧͮԼѧУܲ
ĺѧУȻһͻڶġ
ǣԭͳѧУѧ֮һټϻиĸܵҲѧУ飬ܱĿ⿴
ԭѧУǳų⣬ɴͲκˣϿҲֻԼ濴飬ѧѧ֪ʶϾСѧ̵ģԭʵͻˡ
ʱԭǵҪϱԤưġ
ԭȫû¶ڡԭûѣʶ˶˽ǲ˵ɼܺãÿοԶǵһһֱѧ顭
һˣдС˵ƺҲġ
Щ˵֪һ㶼ỳɣֻǿһ䣬˵ѧˡ
ǸˣܿͰЩ˵ˡ
ѧˣʱ˵𣬻Ƕעһ£һ䡣
Ȼ͵֪ѧȻͮŮˡ
ѧͮһֱ˵氮û뵽氮Ȼôûˡ
ͦû˼ġ
ȤǸ˵Ҳ˵ˣת˵˱ģ˽˲ٱ
ĸУѧһֱȥĸУݽϧ̫Զ˵
Ҫпȥһȥ
ÿ̵ѧƴֺŬټǹ˵úãգǾͰƴѧȫˣһ¡
ôѧȫ֮ǲпƴ֮ǰƴҪöˣ
ҲôõģʱѾ˵ƴҪǺܺãҲˣ
ƴġ
ģ˭ģЩ˲⡣
ƴǺܶһģҲ͸¶ǵݡ
˸ˣûйĽֻͣԼĥĪƴݲԣ
ʱֵƴƹʱ򣬲дҵֱ֣ԹҵƹСƴģʵڲȡ˵Ͷɹ
˵ҪƹƴӦܸıڸԲͬҲƤѶó
Ȼ⣬ô˵ˣǵ׻ǴӦȻٲþ;ãʵǸ˽ˡ
˴뿪͸п֮ǰȻܾͻСЩˣϺļ֪ۣǲá
һҲҲôáд鲻ȥ˵˵ѧУ飬˾塣
Щֻÿѧϰͳϣúù˹Ϻ
ǹϺʱٲ˵˺ܶйصϢоͰѧУ顣
صȥѧУҿݽȥιһЩӣǵ鶼ܸӡ
ҪϣһЩˡ
뵽ܿͿЦ
ϣô˽ģм
һһߣȸ׷һ籨˵ҪȥˣȻϣ˻𳵡
Ȼۣǿһƴȥ
Ϻܼźܲ˵飬ȴһֱܼϾ֮࣬óƴĬĬС
ûǰƴ͸¶ȥΪⶫãæһƽױЦƴǲñܵģҲʹ󷽷ؿţˣѧѧһǿЦá
˻ر֮ɶˡ
ʢϣȴһ㶼ɣܵԹڵѡ
ձڣϣֵܾõ֡
⣬ǻѵ˸ʢϣǸʢϣɽʱй¶˳ȥ
ʢϣ
ȻáⱾϤ濴˸ԼƵڣⱾ飬鹹ģ
ɽǹ
ڵʱҪ飬ʵǲͼ̽Ϣ֮ࡣ
ʢϣô˵Ҳǲ̫ŵģձڣЩ˾Ͳš
˾øʢϣòӦҪܵѵ⣬Ҳ˾øʢϣúܺãӦ취
Ȼˣôģһ¾ãʢϣӦģǾõֵ
ҪôãӢõˣʢϣ̲ס
ӢΪ֮ԭ򣬶ԻӢܿݣ֪˽£϶ȥŪֵġ
ӢûôӢ˿϶Ҳôˡ
ʲôûõ
ϺӢĵֵ̣֪ĴˣûŪ֣Ϻż£ĿŪõ֣
ʢϣ룬ոڷ籨˵Լ뷨ãĹҿԺӢйʩѹй֡йǵͬ˹ӦΪսף
ʢϣ뷨Ǻܲġ
ôˣŵһЩ棬й϶ͬ⣡ȻˣȻͬ⣬Ҳһͬ⡣
ֻǣձ棬ȴǲôġ
ϾҪôˣֿ϶ֻձ֪Ӣ֮ͬ˹ֵ֪
Ҫ̡
ʢϣ飬ûбͨǱֻǴߴٸʢϣŪ֡
Դˣʢϣֻ
ʢϣʱ򣬻Ӣȴ뿪Ϻ
һʴҪ
֪Ҫ֮ռ˺ܶܶʳ޻ȥһˡ
Щָ֮󣬿϶ȱʣǳ˹ļңӦǲȱǮġʱȻҪЩȥݺݵ׬һʡ
оЩˣ֮Щ϶Ҫ԰ӵйȻȡѣ
ӢԽԽǸ⣬޲̳źãȻ̳ˡ


230 ж
Ӣʱ, Ѿʮˡ
Ϻ˼꣬½ܶ, Щ۵Ů, 硣
֣ʱ˵Ĵĺǿ
, ʱ۵ӡǺ֣ģʵϡ۳ֲż¶ѣϾѾֺܶ಻һĿʽˡ
Ĳ, ģ, Ů˺Ͳ÷, Ҳܶ໨
ˣһЩϲ÷۵ʱ򣬾ȻһĲüϵġ
òϣۺܺÿ, е˷ѲϡȻˣʱǮˣҲںô㲼ϡ
ʱŮܴ·, ÿĸ٣۾ԽԽܻӭ, зװϺ߼ҾõŮӣֵݵģۡ
ʱҴۣͬҲûкô
Ĳ˵ˣͿѧУŮʦ˿ӡ
գȥ۫
ҪʲôģȻ磬ҵʱ򣬻Ѿ˵ˣÿιȥGѾˡ
ʱ򣬾ͿGڷһ顣
ͷʾ⣬Ȼóʼѧ
ѧŵ࣬۫
ֱ۫ӽ鷿ͣ˶˵鷿Եġ
ڹס˺ܶ꣬ʳϰ߲ûбͬʵϣǰȣϲڵСˣÿٶҪ˳Ҷ߲ˣҲ⡣
ʱ߲˲࣬۫ϲܹеģһС࣬һԼȭͷСӣһëëˣһ̲ˣһӸ飬Լһը
һ߳ԣһߺ˵˵ȥ˶
ǵģߡ
۫ҵúܣɳʶѱʱܻᷢҡȥʲô
֮۫ԻعΪ̫ˡ
һսҲǲμ˵ģҸеĲսһ˺ܶˡ
Ҳⳡսұͷǳ⡣
38죬ŮǺšսɷ򻹸ǡϽͷ飬ݻΪʿ䣬ɳʾǲòλ
֮󣬶ʱάȨˡ
۫ⳡ֮عģع֮½½յ˺ܶԶϢ
ԽԽܷơҲ
̫ˣҪǰ£ʱǹɱ˺ܶߣʱ֣ѪȾˡ۫˵£ꡣ
ʦҲȫ
Ǳͦҵģ˵ʵǵĹҲûкõȥ⡣
˼ǹȴǸΪģ̰˵ĸɽеԪ
۫⻰Ц⵹ҲǡұΪҳģɵ׻˽׻ǲȻͻˡ
ʦˣҲԼȥѧ顣
۫ѧʶû˵ģȻûйƴѧıҵ֤飬ãȫһѧڡŷ޺͵¹סܶ꣬ʶܶණƵһ⣬к֪ܶʶԽ̸ˡ
ü
ڳ˸ѧ⽻ͻѧ
Ǹ⡣۫Ҳɽգûе롭
۫˵һ룬ͻȻסӣ亹ֱð
۫Ͳ󣬲ʮִ꣬ҪЩݣǳⱼ壬Ѿʮ겻˵״Ҳá
ʦôˣͺG׷ѯʡ
û£θеۡ۫˻ֵθǳԶˣθͻȻ
۫üͷ塣
۫岻ãʱͻȻθ۲ʲô˾ȵ飬ǾЩԡ
۫ɫ֪ΪΣе㷢ڣˣҲ
̰ҽʱƽҽԺţ֢״ĲˣΪд񡷻ר˽жʣ۫ı֣ôж
жϵģӴ֮жȻˣһûҲ˽˪˶
˪֮ԶΪ溬顣
ֶɫζڹŴһֺܺõĶƷд񡷵ʱ򣬾רд
ȷ۫״ܲáʦȥҽԺ
۫θϢһͺˣòȥҽԺ
۫жԴϢܺõģʦȥҽԺɣ
治áֵ֣۫ҪҸҽҿɡ
ʱܶˣǲȥҽԺģҪȥҲûʲôá۫ɫԽԽڣֱӰԼĻ˵˳ʦжˣ
ж۫Ŷӣ𾪡
жGҲһĲš
ʦȺȵˮѶĶ³۫һˮж˽мȣЧķǴ¡
Ųƭˣ۫Ҳ飬ӹˮͺȣ֮󣬶໰ֿ˿Լĺ
۫Լճȥõȫ˳ȻԼĶˮ˵ڶΡ
Ǿ˵ģ֮ǰû˵жʱֻԼǲСĳԻ˶ӣ˵ж֮ҲĻɡ
ЩҲûҪ¶Ū
۫أһˤҺͺGһֱߣס
۫סֻ֮ͷĿѣǰڣ̾Ҫιȥ
ȥҽԺͺGһ𣬼۫ߡ
үôˣһ뿪ҵ˾ע⵽ǣ׷˹ѯԭ
ʦˣҪȥҽԺһ˵һ߷۫š
۫ѧϰаģĻưһֱſڵź͵ʦ֣ʦȥ
GżúܣҲʣ۫˳ϣʱֶԳȥҽԺ
ߣػصƽҽԺġ㶼֪
治֪ƽҽԺҽԺǾȥƽҽԺ㡣
ӿٶȣǸڳ
ʮӣǾƽҽԺ
ƽҽԺſڵĻÿճĻưԼǺϤģ֪Ȼм£ҲţֱӾһ˽ȥˡ
ſڣG۫³ȴ̾ҽȻְ˽ŵذ۫Ū˲ᵽһŲϡ
ӣӦþжҽ֪Ѿ֮󣬾͸άCעҺ۫ע䡣
ҽˮƽܵͣҽֶޣעάCעҺһֱ㷺Ӧõֶˡ
˺ʲôģһҲǸ˳Եάأľûˡ
Ȼˣ֡
۫ʼעעҺ֮һʱ򣬵õϢĸ̰ˡ
̰Ű״ӣһʣôˣ
ҵʦжˡ
̰ѧƣҽѧ֪ʶƽʱ˽һЩģͨ˿ֻ۫ôжģ
Ҳ֪
Gʱѹһߴ˺ۿ˵һץס˸̰ӣһҪȾҵʦ
̰æԼӣеΣҲҽ
Gû׸̰ĻʲôСҽʦ
λƽҽԺԺ̰óƣʦǲô˽⡣
G֮ǰϣʵԶԶ̰ģ֮ǰ̫żˣŻûע⣬⿴Ű״ˣô˵̾ϳ˸̰εԭǻ٣Ǹ̫żеʧ񡣡
żӦõġ̰Ȼ̾ͷԸˣ˰һҽ
ôԸ֮ûһҽˡ
ҽǺܽģⶫԽԽġ
ҽ۫ͺGһЩ⣬ȻӦǳ˪ǰ
۫Ȼ˪ж
Ȼв²⣬Ǻ𾪣Ͼ۫ЩӳԶڼԵģǰͣ˸׼ġ
Ҫô죿Gʡ
ҿҩ˰ţ˾ͺŶҽ
ҽ֪Ҫô˪жʵҽҲ֪Ŷҩеġ
ҩҲͶжá
۫ҪѲǾûˣҪѹԵҩ̱ԪŶá
ǸҽлȻ̾ȥץҩ尾
ʱˮһˡҽԼҩ뿪ˣ뿪ͺGֿ˿۫
۫ĺƽȣӦû¡
ôţͿ۫۾
ʦˣЩϲ۫ѹͺá
ҽԺ۫һˣôˣ
ʦӦǳ˪
۫ԣΪжԵúѿɫѿˣжҽվֻڼг͡컹úõģͻȻж϶Ϊ⡣
۫һܲܡ
ܣû˵ʲôʱ۫GȥҼҿûбж˸һϰ͵ҽԺ
GӦˣܿ˳ȥʱֿ֮۫£㡣Ҫѣ϶벻жȥֻΪԼθˣȻȥһ
Ҫô ˵˯ȥˣ
۫뵽һ¡
ʦҲ˽֪
飬Ǹö˽һ ۫漴һҪæ
ʦ㾡˵
۫ұ
ʱܶ˳²Ҿ죬۫ûԼȥ飬Ҿ죬ͦ˾ȵġ
֪¶»Ҫܰá
۫ˣҺܶ˶ܵõôҪ۫л۫¶ˣ֮һ
Щ˶۫ˣ۫ԼǲòģֻҾ졣
̾ҽԺĵ绰˾ûãͿžĽ˹ˡ
ȥˣʡ
ǰЦ֮ǰǿϾְҵģˡ֮Ҫ齨һ鱨硣
ˣְҲͲˡ첢ѲչԼһ⡣
˵Ѳܶ˶ǽҵ£ǻÿˡ
ʵϲ˵ģԺʲô飬ң
ǾͶлˣ
л
򵥺䣬ȥ۫ȥˣ飬һЩҵ
۫Ϣֵ֮ܽþеѧˣЩ˵ŮֺУƵء
ʱ䣬۫Щ˺֣ԼֶֶŮ鲻˵ԭÿ¸ǵǮҲˡ
۫ãӦЩҪϵļҲƣŻ֡
۫˵˺ܶ࣬˵÷ǳϸǰֶӽѻƬԼֵܳһܵҲ˵ˡ
¸ԼֶйأϾǸֶӣ
۫еĶֵǸ̵Ķµģ۫ĻЩ꣬ѻƬˣЩײϣ
Ū뿪ˣ۫ȴЩŲסˣһֱȵG֪ûжһֵչһ
˵꣬Ժ˯˹ȥ
۫˯ȥʱ򣬽ѾȥҲ鰸ȥˡ
⻹ǽһβ鰸ͦ˷ܵģ¶Ҫˮʯ
ȴǻǮһҽԺĻչ۫Ȼ˰Σ۫ĲдӼǡ
ӼǡⲿС˵Ѿд߳ˣС˵˵ĺӵݣڱ¶ˣ
ϲдڣд÷ǳ죬дһǧ֣͵硣
˸GˣԼȴȥ̰Եġ
ѧƴִ֮ƽҽԺˣ緹ҲԵģ̰ص׼ϲԵķˡ
һţ⣬Щ꣺ʵʳҲûٳԣû뵽ûټ⡭ϱӺմʱҲǸͣͦĽЩ˵ĵģϧԼȻһֱûжټ⣬첲Ȼϸġ
Ȼˣ˵ҲڱԹҲľ鼡ˡ
̰ѾӲˣ
ֵ̰ôˣ
һʼװȻĲˡ̰ε
ĸ״ǲģװˣȻװɿڣȻΪԶ˺ֲ֪ôģͻȻˡ
ôˣڵȥ˰
̰ҲܱȥӴϢڼҺúˡ
Ȼˣڱɿڡ
͸̰һ߳Էһ죬Թ֮ȥ˿ֻ۫㸵̰ˡ۫˵ϢѾ˳ȥܶѶǱͦģѾҪˡ
磬֪۫ˣǹȥˡ
ȥʱ۫ںֹ࣬סضȵú
Ҳ֪ûָж֢Щģţˡ
·࣬Ͷ۫¶ˣѾץˡ
Ȼ۫¶ӦԼֶӣʱʣ˭
ͬؿ۫һۣ
˵ʲô۫⻰ʱˣ¶Ķӣôܣ


231 ʵ桶Ӽǡ
Щ, ۫ط֣ĶӸĲһ
ǰع, Լǰǹ, ѧҵ˵ǺܳɫҲǺ, һʱദȴԼӵĺܶ뷨⡣
һȻ۫ԼĶӺܲģȴ
Ӳ̸֮, ûмְѺӴߺúý̵кܴĹϵ
ðѺӴߵģʵһֱ֪, ĸײ̵ӡ
, ҲѾûˣ۫Լŵʱ򣬶̵ԼĶһ㣬ٸ·, 㲻ܱ֤һ˳죬ҲҪúһ㡣
ǣѶӹ̵ȥ˼, ǸֽԼĶֿ, ͺGչһ
֮ǰжǰȥѧ飬Ϻһñߺŵӡ
ڣ¶ӣ
ⲻܣ۫š
Ȼձ˵Ĺƻ󣬾ȻǵĹҳ粻Уþ񵱳һձ˹ûʲô⵽ӣ
ܲ
Ҳġȥ֮ȥֶӣѻƬ񫷢ڷҲûطŪ˪Ķӡǰȥ˪
Ǹͨ죬¸۫һֶ۫µĶ
Ͼֶ۫ӣȷʵе˵ģȥʱѻƬ񫷢ڼ۫
˾죬ǽ´Ķӡ
缸꣬һֱϺ죬ϺضϺˣޱ˽ģɣֶ۫
ǸһûУӲᡭе¶
Ȼ֮ͷ֣ûμɡ
ңҵ˶ż۫µʱ̬̫ԡ
Ҳ룬ͷҵĴţȥ·һ飬鵽һ£Ǿǰ˪ˣ˻ķҵ˪
Ҷӣܺҡ۫һֱ׽Ҳ֪ϲ˭ĸףΪȥģ
ɾҲҪɱ
ɱӣʲôô
ҾͲ֪ˣֻˣҪŪ׵ô£Ҫȼ졣ͬ۫ˡ
ңѹûϿ۫ĵ
۫Ǿ鷳ˣһҪһס
۫Ѿ֪ˣ֪ǽ´Ķӡ
ȻǸС⽻ңȨҲûʲôǮϺĽңǲģˣҲƭ
뵽ЩԼüۼ֮ɢż͸¶ĶԼĲ۫ãжڳġ
ǲԸš
ǻġ
˵ţͻȻ˴ĵس۫ĸף󣬻ˡ
۫жͺGߺҲǺżģƫǲ֪۫ȥ
۫ĸ׵ϢȥĴѯʡ
ϰҽģȥҽԺһʱ䵹ûҵƽҽԺȥȻ󣬺Gͻȥˣ˵۫顣
۫ĸ̾ʰҪȥ۫˶۫ĸСӳȥһСӻһȥء
۫ĸأˣȻ˾ͳȥˣֱߣŸų
ĸƽҽԺ֮̾۫Ĳϴû°ɣ
۫Լĸף˻Ƶû¡
ĸɱģȻ¶ĸ޵ϴ󣬼˰˵¶ǺȻץˣһץˣһҪѺȳ
ĸż˵֮󣬲ŷվһߵĽֵѺץߵģ죬ôܻẦأǲץˣ
ʵƢͦãһٱ˻ɣе㲻ˣҲû̫̫ƽϣֻ۫ˣģһúò
ˣĸȴڲ߶ԩģȥˮúGȥ򷹣˸֧˳ȥ
ˣĸø˳ȥȻͶԶӵϴ󣬺ôܺ㣬ǲ뺦¶޻
µȾ顣۫
ĸֵѧȶԺã˵ǵģŪ㡭
ⲻܣ۫Ҳ͵GƷŵùģԼĶӻҪţҲŵģοȫûɺǾңҪǣ˵Ѿûˡ
ҲǸһĶȻ㡭мǡĸ
ǶСҺȵĲּʱ£űһ۫θãҲãԶʱڸ˵ֳʳֻһ룬Žұһ
ĸô˵ȫΪץǰôµģڶһͣʹ˻ɣȻֵǻ᲻ǡ᲻϶
뻳ԼĶӣҲпܡ
ӶֶӲãԹܴÿѻƬ񫷢ǻڼ֣۫
Ӧòᡣ۫ȻҲйĻɣܿ;òܡ
֮£ձ˵Ĺƻƭ¶пܡ
᲻ᡭӲ֪˪ˣȻˣ
۫Ȼһֱ˵ԼĶӲܸԼ¶ʵѾе㻳ˡ
֪۫뷨ҵ飬Ҳûֻ֣۫ú
۫װ飬ٲЩҲΪװ飬ҽǺܿԼת١
۫ҪһԼĶӡ
⵱ȻûģһźG۫۫ĸףһȥѲ
Ѳһ齫һߴ齫һ̣߳Ūġ
ˣģ
鷳ˡ۫ݹȥһװׯƱŷ⡣
ŷ齫һӣҴǹȥ
˵꣬˾ǰߣǰѺ˷ĵط
ǰ棬˻û٣û¶ô¶ҵĸףݺң
Ļüͷ΢塣
Ȼȥҵ飬˽ģ֪¶ģӦ
ǱձϴˣȻ鶼ó
ӡ󱾾Ͳã£Ѿûжٻˣ۫ˣȴǲԸŵģĻе㶯ݡ
һתһ䣬ͼ
ѾץˣȻûи̣ǺǱġηɲã
Ѳø˵Ͱһŵһɧζ
ӣ۫Щۣ۫ͫһЩţû£
۫ɫ̬ȣ⻰ǺܲԾģһ㣬۫ĸףʶˣô˵ģȻû£
ҲʶԼ˵Ĳˣû̫⣬۫ţִȥĸоˡ
̬۫ȴ䣬ǮӦþ֪ݡ
ʢϣݶй¶ݱ֪
۫ʱûжʲôãӦΪ۫ûаٷְȷԵʡ
ԽԽôһ£ҪȻ۫ΪʲôӼǡ
۫ʱĺุܶһǲģַǳ裬ŻĻɣôܼ֮尾վΪǿ
Χ˵̬ȣ֪۫ûаݸ߱ˣˣֻҪ۫ˣǲǾͰȫˣ
Ȼؼ̳ң
¶ˡ
˪ֶʢϣܶж֮󣬲֪ԼжˣϡͿˣ˵˼֢۫þ
۫󣬱˷жġãӦҲû˻ỳɵϡ
ֻû뵽Ȼܿͱץˡ
ʱûģ۫µļܴ۫ɣ۫ˣ̿϶Ūȥ
ôţ˻۫
˪ô۫ȴûһͻȻε۫Ƶġ
۫˵֪¶ˣȻ󽫼ƾͼƼװжΪܰץ
ض۫
̬ȡ֪Ϊʲô¶ˡ
ʢϣһˣȻʦ¶㻹𣿡ʡ
ǿţûС
ƱˣݣǶѾ֪ˡ͸ʢϣϵ˶ˣǺ飬ʣͲ֪ʲôʱʼģε飬ǲǸʢϣָʹģ
˺ܶ࣬ȴˣǹȻ֪ˣ
оԣ˵ģ˵ĺһ¡ǵȻ֪ˣ֮ǰûȷڵȷˡ
⻰˵ģɣҲ뿴ܲ˵ʲô
û뵽˵ʲôˣ۫ˣʵĲǺˣһܰɣҲ֪
ǰЩ꣬ѹһֱܴ
ԭһֱүǼˣԽУȻΪԼĸ׵۫׽ģҲе㾴Լĸ׵ġ
ţȳˣҪΪԼһˣΪס
˭룬һ㣬Ȼ֪Լ۫Ķӡ
̻̲գÿ춼£ëˡ
ھԼݱ¶ˣͦ˵ģһɡڲαװˡ
۫Ļȴʲô˼ʲôСҲ֪
Ķӣ
۫̾ʣӲԼѾ˺ڵĻ˻ȥ
һ⽻٣̸֪мɣʱ򣬱Ҫ侲
۫侲ĸȴ侲ˣ˵ʲô
Ѿеһж˺ˣҲͲˣҲȥԼֻ̣۫÷ңҪңҾ͸
֪Ҷ۫˳Ļʡ
ĸţ˵ʲô
G£ʦ֮ǰ˵ܺôˣ
Ҳһ㡭뵽ԼдġӼǡһֱãԼдⲿС˵ܹѪû뵽ʵȻѪ
ɲ֪ģʱֻ뱣סԼҵȻ֪ǰҸĺӻ֮ĺӾҵĸĸˣ
⻰Ϊ˻ߵģձˣǸ¶ûиĸ۫Ķӡôܺ۫Ķӣ
ҪСǮЩĺӻ򵥣˵ˣձҲ˭ȥӤ
۫Ķӣʱˡ
⻰һ۫ͿƲסػ˻Ρ
۫Ȼ֮ǰеͿʵϣǳ
⻰ƽ֮£Ѿ֪ôһˡ
ӻʱ򣬺һ˰ˣʱ˻Ķӡ
ϲġӼǡȴû뵽ԼȻҲ顣
ֲӶԡӼǡôų⣬ΪŲԸ
۫۫Ҳͬ
µ˵ģӦǼٻˡ
֮ǰ룬µǺӦձ˻ġ
⽻٣֮˽⣬ԼڹʱҲռһЩϢΪһֱҵġдÿˡ
ձ˵ô
˼Ҿô
ĶӣȻʮǰͱˣ
ҪǻӢǱ߾˸ʢϣ˵һֱڹҪ֪ӸʢϣߵúܽʱԸʢϣӡͦõġ
ʱһҪѶһϸ⽻١
۫һ£ҪôˣҪǵĹңһǼ⽻١
ǷңȻӻµģ
۫ǿ
ԽԽòԡ
һ㶼ҲӣЩطǼȻͬġ
ˣĲĶӡ
۫Ѿ϶£һʱʲôһתߡ
˶ųȥ߳һ֮ãȻĸؿʣϴǲΣô˵Ķӣ
㲻Σô˵ġ۫
ĸֱӾ˹ȥGæסȻͿ۫Ҳˡס۫
ҵġμˣеҡ
Һǰ˸ʢϣøʢϣߵţȻ֪ᷢʲô顭
һҵʱ򣬱Ĳףȵѧƴˡ
̾˵ƴ
ѧúܺãܿ͸˵һһƴ
ƴ治׾ϲ֣дһ仰ǽƴд
˵
һʱ۷Ź⣬Ǵƴ̫ӦãҪ˶ӢģȴֺѡƴʵǺöǿú֣ƴ
ԽԽǸ⡣
Ҫ֪˵ڰƴóˡ


232 
æúܡ
֮ǰƹ, ѾܲˣҪȫռ, ˵ҲҪٹʮ, ƴȻ鷳
ңûеȨߵ֧֣¶ǰ첻ɵġ
ȻǡǡΪ, ־
һʱ䣬׿žһЩ֮ǰѧȴǴǷϵش˸Ƿ
Ӻڼ£˵Ǹ鷳, Ǹ˵۸ԼԴѧЩ⣬ȴҲܶʱ, ǰÿ, ôǻῴֽģʲôˡ
ѧԼǸûĺӣЩĹ
ȴǴȥݷ˺ܶˣƴ
һʱ, ˣܶ඼֪ƴҲƴ
רŸ׷˵籨˵ƴԼ, ²ŵġ
еģ˸, ϡ棬ƴĶȻҪܶһооġ
»治һġ
ƴóģʡ
ҲûŸƴˣƴֵµȥϺҲ¥ѧġƴӦһЩһоģǽ֮˳о
ԭˣڵˣ˲ã˲׽͵˷׷׵˵¥Ը񣬲ͽҲ
ڴɶ¶ҪһһЩڴ˵ģҲЩ˲ϲ
ƽʱ£֪Ǹܵ͵ˣ͵ȥֻĬĬ£ҲûҪ
Щ˼һΪƹƴŬ
Ϻָƴ³ɲˣƹƴҲùиͳһĶĺ£
飬
۫屾ûдã˴̼֮̾͵ˣֻصƽҽԺסš
۫ǰЩӶĽ̵ǳģ϶Ҫտһ㣬ǾͿʼÿԹͣͺ͸̰һȥƽҽԺȻƽҽԺһ
һʱдʱ۫۫ѧϰʣµʱ䣬ʹڸ̰дС˵
ƽҽԺ۫Ĳȥ
۫ǰЩ򽻵˯ϰߣЩסҽԺÿ˹˯ǰϢ˹ʱ򻹲˵㣬Ѿڳˡ
ǰһֻһ࣬һ躣һӻһӳغš
GҲڳͣ۫Եľͷʢˣ໹ӣС˵ʽҲһ̲˺͸顣
G̲˵һ߿һߺ࣬ͣ£Ȼк
Ҳ˸кȻͽԼֽʷԱߵϡ
۫סǸ̰רʰģŴG۫˯⻹Gá
GϺˣǸ۫Ϻģ۫ɴסڲˣע⵽ڷĶ飬һϹȥַ˺üҳ
д˵㡶Ӽǡûд֣GͳˣԱߵλϼķ롣
۫ԵúʵûʲôθڣΪԼ룬Ǽְеʳﶼˡ
۫󲻾ã͵µĻͰȫˡ
۫ͺGķʳҽԺṩģԹ֮ҪҽԺĳȥ
֮۫ͿʼΡ
ھãҲͲʲôĶֻһЩԼš
ͨյùĶ䣬¯̿ǲϵģʱжģǱߵİڶȥ֮ȥݣʱᷢһңѾȫǱߵܶӣҲΪնǳǿ׳һֲʱ䲢ʳǲԣͻȥԡ۫˵ʱЩʻ㻹˵ġ
ú棬ЩԼģڱϼʡ
಻ѹǸöѧԵġ
ѧԣֻҪԼ֮ˣ˳ˣѧúܿ죬ȻǺܲģգ۫½½һ磬ǻͶ۫ͺGķˡ
۫Ȼͼ嵭СˣGľʵڶˣһ跹һ⣬кնʱ߲ˡ
ȻˣԵĸáȥ˸̰ǱߵϣµĲȡ
ôˣ̰ʡ
ʦżˣһֱŬѾõòˡȻ۫Ķӡ¶ܴ֮۫£۫Ҫǿˡ
Ǿͺá̰ˣҸ緢籨Ҫˡ
ô죿̰һҪѶ磬СΪϡ
һġ̰
͸̰ŻӢʱ򣬻ӢѾˡ
ǹҺͶĹϵһֱã峯ǻ˫ûٴ̣ԼҲǩġ
ĻӢ˵ձʵûʲô𣬲ձһأձ񣬾ͳˡ
ȻˣԶҲǲϲģݲϲӰ׬Ǯ
Ķͦҵģͨ˹һСľͻᱻˣӢݲ򵥣ִ˺ܶˣܵĴͽȻͬˡ
ڵȨһЩϵ
ηĻӢԼϹϺƤëĥûѶ˿ȥܲطĶ죡
ң˵սʱᷢӢҪսһսƵģ㽫Լվ
ôţԭЩ죬ȻٰѶ߼۵ĻӢֱϵ˵ĻڶʤǷȻѴȫˡ
ǸעʤȨҲʤˣ˵и
ӢôţǩԼʱҲͺˬ졣
ӢҪúýύȨԺʱڻӢǰӢǸˣѾԻӢмˣ
ȻռϷ磬ֲ϶ǱȲЩģӢȻЩ彻ѡǡ
ӢǸˣ˵ͬǵ˼ģһҪύѣ
ôţָӢ˸Ҫʳ޻
Ӣϲ⣬Ӧ˳һԼϺܱչĲ˿˿˿Ư˿񣬻㱣ůްھװǺܲġ
ʶȱ֮󣬸ɴӢ˸װĶ
Ӣõ֮󣬾ͣ뿪˶·ϵʱ򣬻ֵµĹȫеߣǺܶ顣
Ժߵ⣬Ҳٳ棬ȫ
ҪܣһҪĵ˶ϡ
취ǶЩиͷʵõĶǵǮե

Ӣ˵˵ţᵽ˵ģֻܻ̳ӵĶ壺ЩӣЩҪӣǿ԰ŪϺɶǷеǮ͸ˣ
ͦбµģٶȺܿ죬ҲӢˡ
֮ǰӢûӢ˵仰ͻȻӢô˵˵㾪ţɵʣǻҪˣͲֶʥ¶
ӢԣЩؿ˵׿͵ףǸˣɲɴҽ飡
һ
Ӣһۣĥ˻Ǿ̫٣Ȼᡭ
СʹԸߣӻܴ󣬾ȻֳϷʡ
ӢϲмʶԼĹˣĥˣĥһҪúһ
Դһ֪
Ҫ֪˵ᱻ°͡ԭʷϣǸɱ˲գ۵Ķħˣ
ڣħ˾ڵģԺȥˣĥҪôܶ㿪ˡ
ĺܣûþһ͸ӢὨ飬Ӣļ˹صǡ
ⲻȥɣӢȻٸ˵ǶԼ
ԽԽˣе㲻
ӢѶˣȷʵǸ⡣
ʮһգ˸ȻˣΪնʮ£ֱΪʮ¸
ʱ򣬻ӢѾ뿪ˣϺߣңԶĶһ֪ġ
죬ҵ
ȥ֮󣬽ҹ۫һΣ۫ûҪô
۫ʱ͸ĸ֡¹족
ȻԼ׶ӱˣҪǹ֪۫࣬Ҳôˡ
Ҳиģ˵Ǹˡ
ȻҪ¶Լ
˵۫ˣһֱĸα۫ĸףˣ̫̫Ȼˣʵûʲô飬̾ͻؼҳիȥˣ˵Ҫ
Ժ޲Լȥ۫ΣԴģ뿪Ѳ侲֮ѾԼˡ
۫׼ţ̾Ͷ̡
ǸʢϣĸµһӣǶǱ˺ܴϣģ˲ôϵǣ֮ǰҲ͸ϺߵļҾ˼ҵүһ
һˣܵס̷ûʲộͰԼ֪ȫ˵ˡ
õһЩϢ֮󣬲ץסһձȻץ˸ʢϣ
ϧǣøʢϣˡ
٣½չʡ
⵹ǣҹʵ㣬Сĵ㡣Ǹʢϣ׷õ㣬ʲô
ͬģµлѣһע⡣̰һţǲõĵģкܶ˸ţԺҪԳţһҪϼˡ
Ǻϧġ
˵ʢϣ׷õ㣬滰
ϺĵͷߣһѲһֽңҪҸǿɱȱ˼򵥶ˣ
ʢϣЩӣøɥȮࡣ
ǲȥʳסõĵط˲ٶԭЩ豸Է籨Ϻϵûˡ
ʢϣܶ񣬵ûôǱǡǡΪϷ䡣
ʢϣװİ磬͵͵ֵµһˣҵϢ׼ȷ𣿻Ӣ뿪Ϻˣ
ǵģ뿪Ϻˣ֮ǰϺʱʱתƵģڣѾһû˼ˡ
һˣΪʲôڲ˵
֮ǰȷЩΣû˵ʵΪȷбԭ򡭡ûŪ֣صϢûв鵽ֻʢϣ㱨ôϢʢϣ᲻
ʢϣҲùЩüͷ˼˺ܾãǡһѴģ
Ӣڣֱ˶ˣôȥᱩ¶£ٰ̽ոһƱġ
ʢϣܿ˾
̽ϢӢǵĹΧһģγһԲǸԲм䱻ܿأӦþ
ʢϣҪŪȻȥ
ʢϣôĥʱ򣬻ӢĹм䣬ԭֵĵطſյʸ̰ѹȥɽ


233 Ӧ
漰Ĺ, ᵽɽȥ̰
ܿŪӢĴˡ
ӢӼ˷һ, ·׬Ǯʱ, Ѿоһˡ
֮ǰһ֣˺ܶĻ, һЩԼˡ
ЩмˣʱңǷǳġ
ϺȻܰȫ, Ӣˡ
Ĳ˵˵Щ, ˸ȥ
Ȼ, ⼸õʱˡŷڴ̣ӢȹԸֳصĿƣҲͷˡ
Ӣϣֻһ֮ļ, һֱϺȥҲûϵģϻ֡
ЩӣӢѾֵ豸, иĹȫȥɽˣ, ֽ̰һЩмȥɽ
¶ĸģúأû𳵶õĴѹͲ֪
ԺǲǲϺˣʡ
̰Цǵġ
һʼϺΪ˿Ϻţһ﷽磬һ棬Ϊ
ǻϵõֵܲܵɽȥо
ˡҪֵ̫࣬ҪǼϺǿ϶ס֡
֪̰뷨ʱʵⶫҲһܱסұסˣҵҲ֮ܽо
ùصĳɷҲ˵Ѿˣֻһʱоķʽѡ
Ҫ֪ԭʷϣùֹ֮˺Щ꣬õ
Ҳ֪̰ͻȻùصȡһЩ
ʵһʼֱӵǱùص׹ġ
̰Ծؿ
òܱˣּ˵óôǮκͤѧУ˲žϵ
̰̫ˡ粢һƵˣκͤôǮѧУʵж෽ġ
һ棬Ϊ֪κͤϵκͤ߼һ棬ΪϺҪһԼ
һԸ⻨Ǯˣ˵ĵһӡܹ鲻
ʱһţҪǶ粻ţҪҲͰֳ׹ֵ
̰ر𲻽⣬ΪʲôҪĶ֪֮󣬾;Ӧ鷳Żָǡ
ڲ֪ԭʱȻֳ׹ġ
ֵԣֻȥͺãֻܻݼ°աֻƴġ
ʢϣ֣͸̸ֵ̰ʱӢˣҲڵ֡
֮ǰӢûг֣һս̫סǣǾãǹҵˣ϶ֻܰ˶Ķо
Ȼˡ
ǹҵĿѧȻҲһ֣һֱ
ҲˣǵĹңԽԽ
ŷ޾ܶߣϰնϸĿ־壬ġΪ½ĸ˺Լ壬ܲˣڵ֪˿ɱϸҩ֮ȻеҪõġ
ȾⱾĳ֣ǽ㡣
ȾⱾͦµģرǿ
˿ɥʬӰʲôģ־嵣ԼҲ飬ʱ˿ˡȾҲͬ־嵣ĻĴȾ
ǣǮ˱ŷӹ֣ڻ֣Ҳͽֵļ۸񳴵ԽԽߣͬʱЩҪֵˣ˵ս˵սʿȴò֡
һУӢʿŭ
˵ֻȹս˵սʿأ
ǰѪƾʲôЩ棿
Ҫ֣

ӢսʿܶΪͰսģǵܺӡ
Ӣһ߷棬˵ֶϻΪûй㹻ֱ֣ʾһңԶĶ㹻֡
Ĺ棬ǰסЩʿȻӢ˾ϵйߵˣҪЩŪ֡
Ӣй⽻ٵġ
һȷǳԻͣӢ֮ǰղ۹Ȼձȥ͵
˽֪ӢһֱԸ⽻֮̾ϵ
ǱʾйȻѾһߣǾ͸ʾ˵Ķ͸ù
Ҫߵ˷ǳŭġЩ˴ô͹ҲˣȻҪ֣
սֲǷǹҵģƾʲôǳֳǮ
ȻӢҲûôɵڴһ֮̾͸һ档
ǽ˵ֻҪйṩ֣ԸйһЩרҵ˲ţһЩʽ
ߵˣ̾Ķˡ
˿ɶǾ˵ûбҪĶˣ
οֲǵģѱ˵ֽȥܻԼǶõ飿
˫̸֮̾;ҪӢûӢֵ
ǵϵӢȴ֪ӢϺһ֧ԱӢ⽻ɵĶ飬µĻ𳵡
ʱ۫ѾԺˡ
֪˺ܶϢȻҲ֪۫ӣѾûˡ
֪Ϣʱܴ۫һΡ
ҵˣһֱǽüصģͻȻû˺ӡ۫Ųס
۫һγסˣֻ䣬ձ˵ĺ⼸ڲס
ˣ۫ص֮󣬻ԼļֶӸǶԼֵܣҲٴɫǽǹ˼
ֵ۫ȻǲģǸձһԼ̬ȣ۫ǹȥլӣ۫ĳλعʱģģ
̬۫ȱֵ֮̾ͲˣһŲӹԹ
ʵȥǵ˵飬۫ĸÿի𣬱ʲôܣѹͲ˵
̫̫ӲãЩ꣬Ż۫ӣǸŮԾҪ˵Ҳ㲻ôˡ
٣һֱΡ
ֳһУıӦ
̫̫Ѿ⣬µҪˡ
ҵ飬֪ģҲ֪۫ΪʲôҪôĲ¼ˣüгϢģôṵ֮̂䡣
ֶ۫ģͺG͸ˣǺG
GȻͲ󣬵Ѿ۫ѧϰ˺ü꣬ʱСһΪʦΪ˵۫͸һˣţʼ׸ӡ
۫ڽ̵֮࣬һֱ鿴ֽ˽
˽˽ţĳһգ۫ͻȻձ˶ɽ졭һǵ֣


234 
ձ˶ɽ, Ⲣܣʵ, ڡȾⱾŭձ, ǵĿ飬Ϊ˱ɽյд˼ƪձ˵֮Ϻеʶ, 㶼֪ձɽˡ
۫϶Ҳ֪ġ
ͻȻô˵ʣʦ뷨ˣ
Ҳ˵뷨۫ЦսҪˣӢӦӮʱǵĹңҲܳΪսʤ, ȻԽɽֻء
۫˵ûģʵ, ɽǱ, Ѿкܶڱˡ
ձսʼս֮Ե¹ǵжԹΪɶԵ¹սȻ˵¹ɽֳصġ
ΪǵĹҲս, ձΪͬ˹֮󣬱һֱҪ˵ձ˱ɽǡ
һֱù
ķ, ձô³
ڣս, йҲûҪɽڶûںԼǩ֡
֪һеģ֪ձֻʦǵĹҳսʤҲһҪɽ
ͲòѰԮˣӢս֮ҪϢǻ跨ǵĹıȡ棬ǣձǶ֡ǿ棬Ӣǣ۫ʧǹҵһЩ棬ǲôЩɻǵĹӶƸ
۫սҪԼǿĿǷǳȷģԿʶȻúܺãҪȴѡ
ǿǲǵĹҿģҲǵ
ΣûڣǺG˵ˣʦ˵ǿޣǵĹȴһ⣬Ҫǵ
ȥˣǾˡ۫Ҫȥŷޡ
ʦ塭Gü۫۫ܲãȥŷޣǻûطѾûˣ
һߡ۫鼫Ϊᶨ
ӣͻȻⲻ
Ĳ˵ܼ۫뵽̸ȥٿúμӺͻйţڳһɢɳ
ʷαϣȼд˰ͻᣬйŲǩֵ飬صϣȴ֪ʱľһ̶ϣΪ˳Ӧ⣬Ҳ֪ʱΪȨĻң˷ֳ˺üɡ
ʱЩҪǩֵģǩȻʹ죬Ȼ⣬ȴʧҵ桪ʱҪǩ֣Ƕٻֵܷһģǩ־ʲôûˣŭǿ
ңʱձ棬в˵йҪǲǩ֣Ҫɱɽա
һǩ֡
˾ǩ̫衣ټϵʱںܶ˹ע£ڶܷŭòӦǩ֣ҲͲԸǩ֡Ͼһǩ£ǾͿܱû취ڹ㡣
ЩװӱܣЩߣڸϵ֮һˡǩ֡ľ
ȻˣǸˣҲãǩ֮ǿЩ棬粻ǩʹ졣ȻԵʱľβ˽⣬Ҳֻһ֮ԡ
֮۫ͷľһպùһգҲ
ˣ˼ңڸֵһЩǮ֮󣬽˷˳ȥ
Ȼְ۫ѷˣȻǮס˵ķʼԼʲ
ǹעһԼеĲƲǰ⡣
ͺGûȰ
GҪȥģǰи̰۫еҽͱڡ
ҵĺܣˣǲܵġ
⣬дǲӢС˵۫ʦд飬Ȼ鲻֡Ӧеõġ
۫ңǷǳϲģʱӹ飬Ϳ
üдģΪд
ʦ㿴˺֪ˡ
۫󷭣һΪʲôҪⱾˣǷǳõģȵŷޣһὫ棡Ӣ֪ͨй͹Ϊͦõġ
ŷҲеֵģʦԺǺֵ
á۫лл١ȵȣȥݷû١
ڲϺܿҪˣʱʦȥ
УҾͶȼգ۫˵ͷֵˣһһҪ㡣
ʲôʡ
һⱾ鷭ɷġ۫дõӢڹ棬ֻܲӢİ棡
һ˵ԼС˵ĺûȤԸñԣԼĹдһ顣
Ȼôӹ飬Ŭ롣
۫зʱӢϺһӢĴţѾϺˡ
һ·۳Ͷ٣ǵϺ֮󣬾һƵ갲
ͬʱӢҲϺ
ϺѾױ䣬Ӣһ̿Сͭ¯ڻ˻𳵡
ϵζţһڳᣬԼߵ˳̣ǵĿȻܲܣΪ»𳵵ʱǳڴġ
һ־ûϲˡ
ӢȺڳվԱߵųһ
Ƶ̿ģ̿ͷε£ȥֻ֮ûůġ
ǿȥҵס̸ӢԸߵˣʱ򣬴˻̿ˣϺ̼Ժúù
ӢߵӦˣӢֵȥƽҽԺ
׬˺ܶǮ͵ȥĵܵܡֵܵµرỨǮ㣬ܵܵ˽Ͳˣ
ڻӢĲ£˽ǮԽԽĸ̰
ӢƽҽԺʱ򣬶˸飬Ϻıֽ
ͨնҵһ㶼⣬ҵˣҲ⣬ǹעģֻԼĶӡ
ЩˣЩˣȴԴ˺ܹע
һֱô˽ӴҲյ˺üŰȥ¡
ȫؾˡ
ۣ۲ʲô飬۫ĵѧġ
ǸεϣͶѧ㶫
һգҴ뿪ȻֱȥƽҽԺһ븵̰ķ䣬ͼ˻Ӣ
Ӣͦ˵ģк˵ѧҴ˼˻һ㣬Ըѧ
ͣ˵ЩΣȻӢǼΪãȻĶˣЩӦһҵģһһŮˣмӦǵŮˡ
ɡӢָһСӵͻȻ뵽ʲôȻָһתָǸ긾Ů
ǰӦú֣ˣƤɳ۴軹ãȻ


235 Ӣ
˻Ӣ, ֪һӶˣǻӢӶ, ĳĹܼԼӡ
Ӣ뿪ʱ, Ǳߵĸδѷǳţɳʱ˿, һЩǰѹեյĹ壬֮Է
ǰһӵ˷̵Ĺ壬ǱƷġù֮һǹ屻ץ֮˾Ϳʼˡ
ûԼ, ƲȫߣӹúǼ, ԭֺŮ, ϵƤˡ
̶壬ȫܹǶ˵ģӦñ۫Ҫ, úøѧһѧӢ
ǾͶлˡ۫ҪȥŷˣԼѧһĶҪô
Ӣֵ⵱ŵļȻѾ͸, ⵱Ϲģ̰ŰɣǶ, ˣǲ̫óԡŶǸζǲġӢ֮һʼҪһģԲͨ
Ȼ˷룬ǷܲһֱЩˣټ·ϲ㡭ΪֹʲôûܵģҲȥˡ
лˡ̰ûоܾϲ⣬Ҫ˻⣬ôҲͦ
оǶҲѧѧ
Ӣ̰ӦˣԼߵĶ﷭뽫ľˡ
Ƕ﷭ǶޣԺΪ͸̰ȻǶ޾ͳ͸̰ϹʷǵŮҪô졣
޴ĸӣһŶʮӺĸʮһ굽ʮ͵ŮкúӢŮӸǳ÷ǳƯ򸾵ĺӡ˵ԼĸĸҪΪ̰е㲻Լĸĸֿ
Ƿǵĵĸ˻Ӣ
Ӣǣ⼸ģԺҪΪҹʦ̵µĹˡ
ǷܿͰѻӢĻ֪Ǽˡ
Ǽϲɫûһ˿ʼͣصлøָӢ
Щаȫ֪˵ʲôʣµİҲҪ´ɲŪ˼öǣΪʲôôм
Ǽû뵽Ȼ΢΢˶٣Ȼһ𾴵ʿ
˵Ӣʵ̫ˣ
ӢǣǳԴûѹեܶ£ûжǵŮ֪֮֡ǰΪ˻סŮ˶ٹ
Ӣ֮ǰǵŮòͷͿࡣ
ӢǺѺãӢߵҲɣǵŮڰԼϴɾˡ
Ϻ֮ȴֲɱЩģ»ӢǵŮ͸ˡ
ǰһֱ̹壬˵һЩҵģ˵ǹҵŮҺܻӭһЩǹҵŮ˵Ϊ١
Ӣûô
Ӣǵĺȥʦ
ǿʦǸмˡ
֮ǰĶ׼ͦǿģ٣ˣһ˵һӶҪˣǵŮҪʦǲܵġ
˸˵˺ܶ࣬ǵĶﲻãһֱü򵥵˵֫ԡ
˵ʲôӢʷ롣
Ƿ̾ͽЩ˵ĸм͸лת˻Ӣ
ӢëӲȤûЩŮˣû뵽㣬Ȼôм
ӢǶһ䣺Ժ۸Ǽӡڶʱ򣬼˺ܶˣѡˣȫΪǶԷڱǵĺӡ
ӢµӦˣȻһĸӡ
Ǻӣ˵ͣǵʵСˣģǸŮӣһʼΪôöʮˣʮꡭ
ôһȺӣǸÿŵ㣬ˡܵʦ
ôҪǵʦģʡ
ӢҪһЩĵ˰⡣ҵ˵ԺӦûжӵǵĹҡ
Щǹ֮󣬲ܴƧĵط϶ѡס
ϺӦǵѡסء
ӢãԼбҪһЩĵˣԼ⡣
뵽ӢͻȻ뵽ˣˣǽ̱ѧģҲ˽̽ģ⼸ѧģҲܰҸɻ
ӢܿͰźЩ˵Ȼʸ̰̰ôˣ
Ӣ뿪Ϻǰ֮ǰ鲡ţڶȥþˡ
Ĳһֱûȫһֱڼš̰ĸֲܹ࣬Сˣٲе㲡ʹϺ֮󣬴˴̼ˮһֱţ½½˼ˣͬʱֲиҪȰа
̰ÿڣȥÿιȥ϶ੲݵ߶Ȣӡ
ҹЩӾҪɽˣʱϡӢҪɽһˣȹʱϺ㸵̰
ˡ̰̲סʣ磬ԼĽʲô㣿
֪Ӣûϲ˵ë֪ΪλӢһֱŮ˱Ы
ҽҪ׬Ǯ׸ӢĿúܡ
̰ʧЦʵǶɩ
ӢŮʲôõģ׬Ǯ
˵꣬վҸջкܶȥˣ
Ӣ˵ˡ
̰ԭֻһʣӢ̬ȣе㵣ˡ
Ӣ̬ȣǲ֣ϾϱӵġүүһûûкӣеǮȫ˳ġ
ӢѾˣ͸۫Źȥ۫ʾϣܿݷûӢ
ɻӢմӶҲһ۫ǵڶ磬۫ȥӢˡ
ӢĹģǵڹſͣ£һ³;ůһЩ̫治
ʱúܿ죬ǰ£ѧӣһգۣѾʮ£ӭʥˣҲˡ
⼸ûʲô磬ҵҲ䣬˻ӢĹԺ󣬻ܿÿ˵϶Цݡ
ĹˣǻӢ˴ӸֵĵطģʱǶƼݵģڵǶˣΪǳͣˡ
֮ǰԼѧУѧסеĹ˶ʶʱһģЦŸкУã
ǺáǵͷӢİ칫ȥ
۫Щˣͦпģ֪ٿ˺ܶˣû뵽ıĸáЩ˵״ͦġ
GȻ˵Ǽ̣ҿǸˡ
۫ͺGԻӢӡ󶼺ܺã˻Ӣ̬֮ȻҲܺá
ӢȻӦ꣬бµˣǾصģ˫Ҳ̸˵˺ܶ顣
Ӣȥһ˶ִӡҡ֪˺ܶ飬˵ͷͷǵжصļ⣬۫Ŀ࿴
˵˵ţ۫˵Լȥŷ޵顣
£ӢǷǳֵ֧ģ۫ȥ֮ǰӢЩҲһԱ˵һֵþĻˡŷޣʶһЩӢͽӴ˵˵ġ
Ӣ۫ǰŷ޵Ķ˼ˣ㵽ʱ취ԼŪô
˫ԽԽˣʱһ½ˣ٣мˣǵݹأǲţѾˡ
ͬʱʢϣҲ˻ӢĹ


236 Ż
Ӣ˵Լ, ʣ˭
ǹµ٣ǱΧмҲʶ, ֻǴġµ˵˼, ӢϺȨߣϺĹԱ
Щˣ˵Ӣ, ûôӴʿͻعõ۫Ҳ֪ġ
۫ͻӢ̸δʱ͵пҾȥ𴦵ȵȣǿԵ̸һҲͦ鷳, Ǵ̸˵ġ
ãǾͷһˡӢ, ֿǸµģд
, ١ǹµӦˣˣʹӵĲ뿪ˡ
뿪󲻾ãӢĴ, ˻Ӣǰ
ӢЩˣ⡱һ£ˡ
ͬʱ۫ǹµĴһ鷿, ǹµĻܿһЩʳȻҲٲ˲ˮ
ĳʳиˮ۽һೣ, ±צ֮СԣӶˡ
Щɫζȫ˶û˼ԣʦӢΪʲô
۫ʣʲôģ
ӦΪġ
ֳѾܾˣӢһֱڲӦѾеˡ
ȻˣⲢ֡
ͷͨ㣬ϢͨҩĶҪʱģ˵ǻڴ̡
ػһʱ֮ʱɲ͹ȥܾˣ
û۫Ķ϶죬Ҳ֪ûбȫķǹҵıһ˶ߡ
Ӧа취ġȻô˵ȴûס
ǾЩȨƣҲҪӢӣǿǲһġ
ȫҿģĻһ
ǿĶԻǿճҿ϶Ҫù
ͻȻ뵽ּȻܱ󣬼Ȼܶ˶õ֣ڼĺ̸ܲΪ룿
ǧĵһսһꡣ
Ѿ17ˣ꣬һսͻԵ¹Ͷţ̸Ҫʼˡ
ڵйʲôȱʱǿȣžԽǰǹҺһЩ޹ҵ
ԽǾԽӦΪԼΪԼȡ
ʱǲվֱͦԼıܸһֱŬŬվֱҲҪ취ǿǹıȡ档
һս֮ǿΪ˻ָйƷͶƷǺݺݵظһȭġ
ȻˣҪȡ棬ҪģҪ취ڽʮס֡
ôţ˼
۫ͦģ»Ӣס֡
ǳȥߣ۫顣ʲôˣʱܣȥߡ
áͷӦˣGҲû
ڻӢĹʲôطȥģ۫ǻӢĹֻͣҪȥȥĵطҲû˻
ǱӢԸչǵĹ£ǣúòιһӢĹ
⹤ʱѾ˺ܶ࣬ĲƷҲˣ˵ŦۣЩ
ǿһģڿһ㲻ϡ棬۫ȴܸˣ⹤治Ҫܶ༸ĹγҹĹҵˣ
ǵĹҵҪʢҪмԼùúȴ˵ЩԱ̫ˡ
۫߱ģ˵˺ܶ໰ߵһطʱ۫ͻȻǱߵˣŲ̫Ծ
۫ǵ˵ģ˵֮󻹵ֱǶʮԶ˺Ǹˡ
۫ĻһǱ߿һۣȻе㲻ԡ
ΪûӢһЩʶֵĹˣҵݽӢйʱͲ꣬Ӣˡ
ĹҪĹˣϸģЩʣЩҪġҲûУֻҪ˹ܹС
Ϊһ·ĹˣͶ
Ǹָ۫Եˣȴеˡ
ˣƤ̫̫ϸˡ
Щ˾˺ܶ඼ˣǱϾƶģƽĹҲɣܹеڣҲϼ룬˿ţһ㶼Ǿ˷˪ġ
ôţֿһۡ
˴ʶ˲ԣҪ࿪ʱԥָ˵˸ץ
ΧĹͻȻôе㷴Ӧģ֪Ҫ˭ʱеһ˾Ȼתܡʶľ׷ȥץסˡ
ǼϸǸ˹Ĺ¼״һ
Ѷһ˵ô¡
ǹµ̾հˡ
Ӣֵбµ˲٣ǰΪˡ񡷵ĹϵһЩⷽ˲ţ⻰һ̾˰ϸȥѶˡ
ⱻץס˲йʹĹ֮ǹµȴһ£ǾǱ뵽ӢĹˣǲֹǰһ
̾ȥץˣͬʱӢڸӢּۻۡ
ӢĲϰֽȥġ
׬ǮĶ᲻øȥ
ֲô˵ֻܸЩ˶ʱ䣬ͬʱҲеż
ּۻ飬ӵһʱӲһǺãҪҪɴؼȥ
Իؼңָ̰Σ
Ӣһߵģһ߼ӦԼǰˡ
ʱǱߣ˳ϣѾʮ˼ǣʮˣȻһȺġ
ЩЩǹģȴҲЩձ˻߱ձйˡ
һֱûӢĹܵúϣӦòᱻ͸û뵽ǱⲻˣץЩ֮Щձļǽջġ
ǽ졭Ҫ
Ļɣûܴ˵ʳʲôֻԼµջģֹ
վֱ壬Ӣλá
ԭֵĵط˶һЩæ
ǰ豸ˣͶѾˣֻһЩ̶ģðᶯʲôĻš
ȻˣǲǸշ䣬һЩմɽ֣һЩӢĹõϵıȽԭϡ
Щ϶ǳģձˣûнеձ˶ץס˵ѾǱ뵽ǿȥˡ
۫ݷûӢģôһѾˡ
˽ЩȻǹµȥ׼ˣ۫ϲá
󣬿۫ûע⵽ߣͻȻҼŵùˣмǵطˣ޻ձ
֪ӢǳģӢʱûӦӢķ
ͦĵģЩ֮ͻȻ˸⣬Ǹܲ⡣
١ǹµһŻԼĳôС
ҵġֽһ䣺ΪصһУѾչˡ˵ֻⷨܽ⵱µȼü֮ǿõġ
ǹµ̾Ͷˣǣ
ֵһҪܡ
ǹµĵ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ʱ򣬸ʢϣƾԼ߳ı£Ǳ뵽Ӣȥ


237 ޶֤
ӢȻѾֵ豸ȫ, ֵĵطܿص, ʢϣΪ˽, ˲ٹ򣬹ǰڵĲȵ㣬ͻ˼¡
ǹ, Сؽȥ
Ѿһȥͱ˷ֵ׼κ¡
ֵطֻҪٳֵһʵˣͲ, Ե
ûнٳֵʵˡϴŶʱըӢֵµ, һ
Ͷ, ϶ʱըǱըܽһƬըġ
ʢϣԼ·ȴû뵽ȥǸܵĵط֮󣬾ȻһƬ
ʢϣһʱ䶼, һˣҲеɵۡ
ʱûߵķеƹ͸ֻ֣ΪǻӢֵµ˽ȫڵʵ, û뵽棬ﵱûơ
⵽ô£
ߣʢϣ, СǰŲԼǲǻûĺλá
ֻߡֵĵطʵڵ£
ʢϣĴʱ򣬻ӢĹ¸̸ĻӢ˲衣
Ӣ˲ʱָ΢΢˶ǻӢ͸Լõİš
Ӣ治ɫؽӹ裬򿪲豭һ۱ǡ
дĸ֡տⷿ
Ӣɫ˸
ǹºܿ뿪ˣֻǸϲˡ
ʱӢĴ٩٩̸ҵĹҺĹͬ˹Ӧúú
ƵĻѾ˵˲ˣ˵ӢйһֱѺúġ
ƨѺú˭֪ӢЩһֱڿйӢи̲ѣϵûбֳֻΪͬˣңֻǡ
ʲô⣿ӢӢֱʡ
Ӣѣձȴռǵأҵͬūš
Ӣһʱ
ӢֵҲ֪ҸձйìܣرЩˣ
Ӣ˵ձˣͷ·˻ϻӣͣ˵˲岻ϻ
Ӣˣ
ձ˽ൺǣһ͸ǡӢ
Ӣ᲻ðָȥģ˵⻰Ϊֵ֪µ˾Ҫˡ
Ӣȴ֪뷨С̸üͷ塣
ӢҪҪɿɲף
Ҳ⣬ǿˡȾй֮󣬻ǹҵ˷ġ񡷡ȻҲ֪ĳЩǼٵģǾձʵ̫ɶˡ
ϾһǼٵģҲһЩģ˵֮ǰձΪȾпʱ򣬿һЩɽдԼġ
λʱѾˣΪλ׼˷ʢͣλҪҪһȥԵ㣿Ӣʱʡ
Ӣ˳˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ
һȥ
Ѿ׺ˣӢǰ˸ԼĹ繩磬˳ΧˣĹŹġ
˸λ׼˸ɫйʳͣλԳӢ
ӢԼҵʳҵʳζˣҲ֪˲ġŷ޾סʱһЩǱǵʳģǵʳǳ࣬ڡ
֣һ˴򽻵ЩǵʳдʳҲ֮ҳԡ
ˣصȥڵ͹˼ͻЩˣȴҲʧ
ȻˣǹµĶ㣬ͲЩʳ֪ζسԷˡ
ӢôţͿԶԼٰ㱣ĵطһ
ֵµ˶ˣ
Ӣ̲סǸ¹Ŀ࿴
һֱȻûʲôӣֻߣ£û뵽ˡ
ʵķҲˣȻôִȥ
ֻڱⷿĵطһ˶ûеģӢֲܹܷԡ
Ӣܶͷʵֻһ
Ȼ̾ͿӢˣŭǲǶ֣
˵꣬ʶʲôȻ̾ȥ𣺡𣡿ȥ𣡡һ˵һ߻Ǳȥܵȫ޷ȡ
Ӣӿ̫ż̫ˣӢ˼״е㵣ģͬʱµҲЩ⣺ϵۣ⵽ôˣ
ôͻȻ֣
°ɣ

ʱΪֹʩ⣬ʹľϣҲرأ17ͣһ˺üĴ𣬲׶ظչˡ
ӢŻĵطȥˣŵˣȴĬĬغˡ
ʲôطһӢʡ
ǸͬԱǰӢĹģͲµӦڻӢмλģʱɫѿֵĵط
ʲôӢ˶һ
ϵۣһҪϨ𣡡
˭ģ
˾ȻֱɥĲ񣡡

Щ۷׷ףҲ˻˻ӢûпǻӢԵݡ
ܿ죬ַܡ
ܹģ֮ǰûκ֪Ӣǰ֡
ŵ˶ţǻܿЩϨ
ǲܵġ
ڵõӢʾ֮ǹµľͽõͽǿⷿΧȻһѻѿⷿȼˡ
úܣ϶ˡ
ǿǷĶˡΪԸ˽ǴĶ࣬ʧҲرۡ
ǻȷʵˣΪʢϣҪˡ
Ǳ뵽һƬķ֮󣬾СĲ̽һ̽ͷһ˶ûУֻ
ҵһЩƿЩƿװģӦ֣
ԣӢ֣ͲģʵֻǸӣ
ʢϣֱƭ˵ĸо̲ס˼䣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱͻȻ˴ţֿ˵ơ
ʢϣ£ҵطȻͿЩ˰һЩҲ֪ǻԻ˵˽
ʢϣòԣʱȥѰ·ֻܼǱȻ󡭡ⷿ棬ͱȼˡ
ʢϣ
ⷿΧһȦȼܿ죬˴ľĵķӱҲȼˡ
ʢϣԼϴŵĶʱը£Ҫҵطߣ֮ǰѾЩǱġ
֮ǰ˶ûֻǻԶѣܿˣǺ͸ʢϣһȻʱҪȥѾˡ
ӢֵĵطͦģڣǶѾһ޴ĻѣںҹҫۣҲϣûӢůġ
ͨǲ֪ģһеˮȻ𣬶ӢϷݳ˱ʹĸо
ͬʱǹµڸµ˵ЩǻŲð죬ԲŷŻˣⱲӶ˵ȥ˵ȥûˣ
ǼŰץļͽְⷿŷŻͷ
ǹµ˵ǻǵļˣԺȥɽɻǸõطȥһ
Щ㣬һϲ̵ġҪֻ֪õĹˣȥɽײˣ
ǹµģȴ˰Щȥɽ
ɽ½ȫյֵĹһţǾ¶˵Ҳûض˵ȥ
Ȼˣ˵ȷʵǸѣԵĴĶүһˣ


238 
ʱ, Ѿˡ
֮ǰصظµĽ۫ϲãʵֻΪһµ˵, ǹµȥ, Ƕķˣܷ۫ϲá
۫˼ӣҲʳ, 鷳˼ҵġ
ǿܸͣúúд
۫Ҳǿͣпô˵ģ
Ҳǡǳ˶ѣ治ʲôЦ۫ϲáǰԲ˰
˵, ͻȻһڱڵɳƵĺˣŻˣ
۫һȥ, ȻͿ˲ԶĻ⡣
ôˣ۫, ͻȻʶԡǵط֮ǰǹ´Ǳܿĵط
֮ǰι˻Ӣ©ûȥȻдǵĹʲôû˵۫ҲѾµǱ߲һˡ
û˼ԷȥǱ߿
Ǳûʲôÿ, յģʹ֡Ϊ˷ŻˣǷǳģ֮ܽ۫, ֻܸȥ
۫ܿӢĴڵĵط
۫ʱӢ, ʶǱߺܶˣĴŵȻҲʶģ
ӢԣǴк
۫˵ĻǴſģΪڻҧַЩԵʣÿ仰˵÷ǳʶȥ
ִ֪ЩѧݣѧˣҪרѧԼ̨˵øõģ۫˵ܹѵһ
ֻǣ۫ԽǸЩģɫԽѿ
֪ΪʲôӢ˵ʱ͸¶ŻĵطǻӢֵĳ
۫Ҳ˲üЩ˵ˣЩȻ˵ʱ򣬻ʲô𣿿ȥˣ
ֵĵطģӦþЩˣ
˻ţֻطûˣ˵ûˣ
۫⻰һҪȥˣȻʱͻȻӻֳһȻ졣
Ǳը
һͬʱæطס۫ը̫ͻȻ۫ˤˣ
ֻ۫ǲˤýĻӢȷȷʵʵˤˡ
ըһɾ޴ĳһЩשȥֺܽĻӢһصȼľͷˡ
ӢæӵɿԼľͷȼܣһһﰵֵµĹǷ˰ɣȻը
Ҳкô˾ãоԱըʬ޴ˣ
Ӣôţ˵㣬ͣҲڻܶࡣ
٣û°ɣʵ
û¡ӢԼܵ˴ڵĵطӢһɱǧģҪ֪˭ըһúղŲûˣ
ӢˣֲһԼ֮ˡ
Ӣˣ֮ǰһǻӢԵݵģڣѾȷˡ
ӢղĺΣգ·ŻˡҪǰ֪ըӢΣô
һвǻӢģҲûӢɲ֡
пܣ־ôһˣ
ŵɫѿˡ
ȻˣȴΧϵĻ𡪡ⱬըȻûըˣΪĽԵʣܶ϶Żˣ
Ϊ𣬺ܶ϶ˮһܰѻˡ
Ǵģʪ͸·ʵ̫ܡ
ôһըʲôûˡӢŻĲԫϱ૵ʧ䡣
ʲôطӢһʡȻв²⣬Ҫȷһ¡
ֵĵطоֵ˾ס桭ôһ豸չˣ˶ըˡӢŲٻӡ˿ɥ
ЩǣӢĻһҲͬʧ䡣
ʣֵ϶ڱбݣ԰ɣ
ûСӢˣҾ˵ʵɣֲоģǱоģҺȻ֣ҸۣõȥɱǶ԰֡ԣģȫ֪
Χ˶̫š
Ӣʱ򣬸ɴֵĲ֪ôģҪƭǣ׺䣡
ִ˲ѷĵ£ʱ˻ǺŵģӢ˵Щ˴롣
ʵϣӢ˵Ҳȷʵ滰֪ôģоܴܵģ
Ҫ˲뿪ϺҲһֱͻɽˡӢֵ
Χ˸ĻˡĵطȷʵԼĵо˷ġ
Ӣƭ˵ʱ򣬻С
лӢֵµĹЭûһҾܽǵС𣬿ˡ
ŵһɹɿζ
ֻеģʶס˿ڱǣͬʱɫҲ̫ÿǸڷŻ֮ǰˣ
еܣЩһֱûгˣѾ͸Żˡ
˱ˣ˻𳡲鿴ʿȻûһϳüʬ塣
Ϊ֮ǰıըЩʬǲôģ˵Ķ
ĵģҪû桱ġЩʿȫЩʬ嵱²˵۫GҲ侲غܡ
۫Ӵһֱɵڣ֮ܶ꣬ǰȻض㣬ٰϧڽʵǺ侲ˡ
ûе֮ࣿ˻š۫
ûеҡӢ˵꣬ͿЩʿһЩʬ
Щʬˣһ߻ر
Ӣֵµʿ٣˶ڱ¡
Ӣ˵ȷѾ͸֮̾͵ǸҺֵˣ
ԭоֵˣֲΧ˻ᱣĴҲġ
ǣûбˣûбըôĻôϢˡ
˶ޱϧؿˡ˺ϧӢţֵüѺܶࡣ
Ӣĳ£˵ȻһĻңϳˣ
ǸʢϣǶһֱҵĸʢϣ
ǵرΣ˻ɻңҲϳ˵˻ûлɻˣ
˵ʲôʲô
Ӣָ¹Ϊ֮󣬾ͷɺܶ࣬ͬʱҲеֵ֡µĹ£ǴŪЩ˵ģ
⹤ûа֮ĵطҲûʲôյĶˡ
ӢֵµĹ£Ҳšǰˣʶ˵ôܽȥģòֹ˰ɣ
еŵĹ¶ŵˣ
ȴǾⳡеԽܡ
Ȼܶеˡ
Ҳ۫侲ɣ㾯ûʲôãô飬϶Ҫ


239 һ
¶ȷʵС, ˻֣ˡ
Ȼ, ҪĲЩ, һѻ𣬾ȻֵĹջˣ
ϢѾĹ֪, Щһģɫѿ
ʵΪӢܡ
ҪǶ㣬ǲǾܰѻˣ
Ӧöˮġ
֮ǰΪ»ˮûýĵط, 治Ӧá

ӢĹˣûصũ񡪡Խֺĵط, Խеô˻, 沢ء
Թũûأ³Ͳ̫ãӢЩһݹ, ˵ǾȫҵģǶԻӢȻж£вĨ
ӢƼһ, ͦӵģʵЩ˸Լ׬Ǯ, Щˣȴʵ⡣
ӢͻȻʶΪʲôϲˡ
ĸмͦϲġ
Ӣ̾ͺ˹£ùȥЩˣ˸ȻĹˣһ˷һѹѡ
ľ֮󣬻ӢȻûˣдҵĸҵĹûŻԺ󹤳ģҲõģ
ʱˣپȻǣ̫ˣЩ˸мˡ
ӢȻϿźʹģʵһоûУϾʵʧ
ǽĴţ۫ˣ۲ѣƬѲ
ԽԽǼţֵĵط
Ĳ˵һõĳӣӦþʢҺġ
ѾóʼǱͱʣ軭ˡЩǵĹȥǹҵĿѧҿоֵ
ӢַˣװģģԼֵµͬȥ軭ЩͼΡ
ҪȫãӢݣԼסȥ
ǸŻĹæȥ
֮ǰô£Ӣʡ
٣ġ̾Ͱȥȫ˵ˡ
Ӣԭ⣡ĹӾǶ࣡˵ûı¡
˵ͦģҪҲֲЩ
Ӣ˵ʣЩȫŪȥˣ
ûУֻǽЩľļƽȥˣǼձһšµĵļҪ֣ҲûʲôʵģֲܷߣֱӰŪˣЩձ뵽ձ֮ûԼ
֮ͦǰץС¶סģЩҲҪȥ
ٵ˼ǣ
¾ˣͰǼȥ¶ȫ߸ձˣӢ
µĵӦˡ
ٲ˵˻顭
ӢЩձ϶ǳģûȫץסʣµܽǷȥˣҲùġ
ȷʵпܵģǹµͷ
ӢãͰˣ˸ԼˮҪϴ·
Ҫˮն˽ˣ˵٣
ʲôˣӢʡ
ǿġ˵
ĻӢӡģֵͦбµһˣı£ǻˣģܼס
ڿԼ϶¶ӢѿĽ˽
Ȼĵ٣ϳʬǸûôջģǸʢϣ
Ӣ
ӢÿȥŪʢϣȻЩΡ
ʢϣϺǱ˺ܾãͷ߶û취û뵽ھȻôˡ
ͦЦġ
ӢšëԼֻһ·ȥ
Ѳƽɶ£ģ쵹ĺܿ죬Ӣȥʱ򣬽Ѿڲ鿴ֳˡ
ͬʱӢֵµˣҲǼץձˣ˵ǻǰץˣַ֮æžȻ𣬾ͰЩˡ
ϣӢĹܶһҹδߡ
Ȼˣ˲ڴС
Ѳ֮Ȱ۫ȥϢϾ۫岻á
ֺܹ۫ģȰʱ򣬵᲻ͬ⣬û뵽ˡ۫Ȼһ㲻ԣҾͻؼȥˡûˣȷʵͦܣ¶Ѿˣʵѳɣǲˡ
ʦʱ䲻ˣʱؼңϢһ£
۫ߴҶæţ鷳ǡ
鷳пͷֱӾס̰Ц˵
߷ô飬֪ܲææ͹ˡ
̰ô˵ˣ۫ҲûܾϾϵĻؼȷʵڣΣա
̰۫Ӧ̾˸۫סȥ˳ʳ
֮ǰûģһȾˡ۫̾͵
̰ЦӦˣĳ˻ˣز˶˳ġ
һ˶̰˰۫ͺGȥ˿ͷȻֺһȥķ䡣
ӢŵһӢºͻȻڻӢûü֪ͨΪӢֵµ˲ʶŵˣҲûҪǣֱ߷˻֣żææ
ûʲô顣
ȻˣкܶҪ
̰ϢԼȴ뿪ˡ
֪Լǲ岻ֵģҲ룬ֻһ
һֱڸԼ硣
ִʱ࿴Ĺֹǲģһ濴һûȤ
ʱ֮ǿʼЩˣһЩʷ飬Ҳῴ
һͷǰԼ̫ˡ
Ĳ˵˵ʷִʱ򣬿һЩ׻ĵʷ֮࣬ʵЩǴġ
ټ鳼ҳЩ˵۾Ͳһԡ
ңԽǿʷ飬Խǻ֣ᷢҪһҲףİ컵飬ʱʱؾͻʷ
ʱİ컵µҲв٣ΪŶԡ
һʱ飬̰ͻˣɡ
ûˣʡ
̰˵ͷЦûˡǼץסձǻʵģӢ˼ţŻձˡ
ۿŻӢҪɿڣֵĹͻȻը٣Ҳ˵ӢϣǱֵģӢһҧʲôûУҲû취
Ӣ˺ǻڴ̣ˣ̡
ʱǲйôҲͬձô
ЩˣҲֻʧˣձǱߣҪš
죬Ҷͻձ˵ġϮȻΪ˰ȫɽȥ̰Ժɽ֣ǻ˽
֮ǰΪҸӢŸɣǽֳ۸Ӣʱ򣬼۸ʵߡ
Ժ˽͵͵ǾͿ԰Ѽ۸񶨵úܸˡ
̰ˣһڣҲˣȻʣ̰սҪ˶þͻʱͻ䡭ʱóҲΪңȡһЩ档
ӢЩҳܰоʱֿɾͲֵǮˣڴ֮ǰúһ֡
Ǿó̰֮ǰˡܲܰóȡһЩʱƵĿ
ȻˣôҲûΪΪΰ˼룬Ҫ
һˣҪһӵģ¶ʱ϶סʱ䳤ˣȴܻᱻ˿
ϣԺʷҪ
Ÿ̰ЦȻֱӰ˵ˡ
̰Ѿˣͦ۵ģҪ
С˴ãһ㲻á̫ˡ
岻еϡ
죬ûйעӢǱߵ飬һֱæ۫顣
۫Լķӣһߵļ۸
ŴЩʱ򣬲ŷͷ򷿣ʵڲһ׵飬кܶ򣬻Ҫһʲٵ˰
ˣʱϺߵˣ˷Ӷǲģ
Ǳ궯ܶ˰ߣһЩǰˣ󲻵òܶ˶ڱ򷿣Ϻضӣһ̾ͻᱻȨƵߣȻЩȨ󣬾ͼˡͷʵͣǣҶŷ⡣
ֲʱڣ֪ܶϺֻⷿסЩⲻ÷ֻͤӼ䡣
֮ǰôɣȻȫ˸̰Լıӣڻַʮ۫ͺGִ
ʱȥŷޣкü·ߣٶģȥ·ţû˻ôɣҲֻѡʱ˴ˡ
۫ĶڻӢ˲֮󣬱úƺƵģĺܶࡣ
һ÷ĵ飬֮ǰӢ̸УҪӻӢõֵӢ۫ͬһȥ
ߣҲǴ˲˵ģҴϱ˺ܶౣˣ۫Ҳ͸ȫˡ
۫ߺ󲻾ãϺ߾ͷһ¡ӢϮˣ
ӢϮµ˻͸¶˵ձ˸ɵġټ֮ǰѾģձ֣˻ӢֵĹ顭
Ϻһʱձˡ
Ӣǽ˻ᣬԵԼΪɣԼĸףææ뿪Ϻ
뿪ǰӢȰ̰һ뿪̰ܾˡ
ϺߣûҪ˿š
Ӣѷˣø̰ɲ٣߸˵ؿʼ׼
ее㲻Ծ̰ûʲôҪæģ
̰ҸԼһЩ֡ʲô鶼ԼȥʵϣͿʼˡ
ֻ°ףҪʱҲ࣬Űꡣ
еĽˡ
ʵҲֽϵĻڹ¶ԺѧУ¿ʵţҪдС˵в
ڣӼǡѾдˣڡ񡷣ҲѾβˡ
Ӽǡ£ʵдһ˥ʷ
º棬ĺڸλΪ֯Ⱦ˴ƵĴ˼ңȴΪ˵Ĳϴǹңӳ⣬Ʋ
λˣǰ̣ÿˣ˸Ե³
£ҪΪ˽дģ¾ֽĲͬӰ죬ȫд˳
ʽѧöˣһֱ˽ˣ˫ı֣ǽȻͬġ
⣬ҲдһЩ縸ĸŮɸ顣
֮Щ˿ʼ˼ԼԺӵĽҲ˾ǿ֣ǾȻûн顭
Ӽǡǰдˣȿ꣬ȴҪЩʱ򣬡ȴһ
Ȿ飬д֮󣬸̰̾ϣ±һڣȻֱӽ֮ǳ
ⱾĽ֣ձռɽ
ʢϣԼҵ˻㱨ʱ˵ֻһʼѡ
һڵϣ±ı֮ǰĸã
֮ǰܶ˶ǽ˱˵ģڽֳˣٲҪһݡ
ֻһʼѡ˼˵һ
ҲãֻһʼЩձˣڲϺţ
Ҫģ˵ֹɽ
ձҰĲ
۷׷ףձ˵ˣЩձʵûռйҲˣҲձ˲
ձҲ֪ġ
ǹ˲
ձһֱŬϵʢϣ
Ӣˣձ˷Ż˻ӢĹձҲôõġ
ձϺߵˣһʼõϢʱǻģøʢϣʵ̫ˣ
ʱƣһֱϵϸʢϣеżˡ
˵ӢˣʼǲǱɱǰŷޡ
ձæŸӢ̸УæҸʢϣһʱ䵹ûչעˡ
ܶ飬һγʱ˷ŭڶεδҾûоˣձھе
ǡȾǡ񡷣ǵˡ
Щ֧ʶʲôôϵѹͲҷ
ձһֱҲʢϣ˻ɸʢϣڵõ֮ǱˣҲ˻ɸʢϣѾˣ
ǵĶڼ飬Ǹʢϣй¶˳£ڸʢϣҲʧˡ
һǶڼɵģ
Щ˸ĵڼ
ʱʱѾ18ˣҲӭԼһա
ϴһƵϾĶǵķҲͲˣɴڼ
ԼһԵ㶫Ҳͦõġ
ȻˣΪһ㣬һЩѵģ˵κͤʢԷ얥Ҳˡ
ϱӣ飬ȻںǱ˳޵ģʱǱڸģ˵ĸĸҲԸԭ
ͽȻͬˡ
֮۫԰ݷ˹ĸĸег
֪ʵݣĸĸԼŮ۲ѣ㲻޳ɹ飬Ϊù̫ˣҲû
ͬʱΪǹУ඼飬ֱӻָ˵۫ļױĲƲȫ
ԭʷϣΪ龻ֻزȥңӹҪжңڡһӾͳһš
֮ǰᱻͷԣȥҸи֮Ĺ֮ȴԼˡ
Ǯйѻǻģֿд飬۹ߵĺܣһ˿϶ϡ
Ҳͦõġ
ϣǷֳпһŮһ
ķ˶ܷʢһЩϡʽûӢ͸͸̰ǶԶЩˡ
˿⣬÷˸ȻˣûУֱ̰ӹз
Ϊģͦϲ
ǴģѲŪ֮ǰʵҲͳԹһΣǵڶΡ
һ߳ԣһ죬ٲϧһ֡
ʢԸǵ֮ǰ֪÷ҵһЩѣ컨ˣû뵽ûˡЩӶڼԡ
ЩѣǱˣκͤ
ʢԣ֪˵ˣ
㿴㣬ҲСˣ쵽죬Ҳ顭κͤ˵
ʢԱʢڹ֮ѻƬⶫǼˣȻеɵģԸˣĲˡ
Ҳû飬Ҳû飡ʢԱκͤ˵ã̲ס
æҵŲģһκͤҲ͵
ʢԣʵҲæҵ¿ڶܵģ
̲ȾƵģŮӵϲˣֻҪͷѵŮӵκֵͤķǳãȻˣͲ󣬽鲻ż
ʢԲòһ㣬еơ
Ҹ˵˻Ҫģ˻ͶˡκͤǺ˵ƣЩˣϲ˵
ʢԺ˵Ҳû飬뵽κͤӵ飬׻ûڡ
ڸ̰һ㶼Щֱ͵͵յ˵ʵѾˡ
̾͸Ҳеơ
飬ǲ֪ġ
̰Լ鲻֪ȴڶ죬Ȼ͸һţһ˱ֽ
Ǹ˾ǻӢ
ֽĵ˵ͻӢһȡ
̰Ϊʲô˵


240 
Ϣ, ϺһбС
ʱкܶСͿһЩСϢ׬Ǯ, ұֽ֮һ
ǻһЩ׽ӰİԿԼұֽ, ҲȥɷһЩˣдһЩעĿϢڱֽϣһ, ľϺһӸΪĳ֪ŮҪҪ顣
ǹӸʵûʲôͷŮҲ㲻ö⣬˶֪ϢŮΪԼ֪ȸԼ棬Źñֽǵ, ϰˡ
ڣֽ˵Ӣ˶, ЩϰҲˡ
û취, ⱨֽ˵ġľôһһ
ʲôӢΪһǧ¶ԺʲôӢΪС˵ȫ, ʲôӢΪѧУѧԼĹסšһ׮׮һֽϿ˺ܶ顣
һϾɵģһͭԪһĲ, һȺ˾һһߺȲһ, ţһͯˣֽˣҪĴڱбˣ
˶ʱ
ȲģϺĵײʿ֮ÿϾ˺Ȳ⣬Ϊݵˣһڴеƹˣÿ춼ֽ
ֽǺܶȲΨһǲ
õֽڱϵġӼǡ
£Ǵһһֱ׷ģһҾͶ
ҲǴɣÿǵ֡
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Ǯ˼ңҲù
ûǮҲͦõģ¡

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ʱʱϱֽʱʱ˿䡭һ㶼ϱϡˡ
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ֽ˵з֮飡ʢԹЦ
˵˶ҲˣΪʲôҪͻӢһ𣿶ΰ
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ʢʱȴЦţҲ̫ˣֻϲдС˵ѣôܸҡ
ʢԸһʱ仹Ǻܳģ֪ͻӢȻϵҲֹڴˣǲӢһȵġ
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ⱨ˵͸̰飬Ҳûš
ʶʱеСԽԽˣˣôǶӣ
˼Ҿǹϵöѡ֮ǰһѽύһʮˣ˼װдأôһͻ٣ĺˡ
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ֻʢԼˣСүһ㲻Ϻߵƫֺϲ֮󣬾ͿʼŶԷ
֣ûбʢԸͨˣǣʢȻ棬ִ֪硣
˵ѻƬⶫʢǲģǺ˵Ķ˰ŪǵĹң뺦ǡ
ô˵ţ˳СүȥϺһȼϺߣѻƬ̳鵽ҵͦģ޼ҿɹ飬㶼סھȼżһЩҩĻᣬȥƭЩѻƬҩӳԡʱҩ̣ܶ඼ֹʹ衣
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ĵظ߱ˣ˵ӢϲˣŻǲ
֮ǰǵˣǿʼͬˡ
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ǵĻҲûţϾӢϺʱѾеˡ
С˵ʵʵأ
գȥ𵩴ѧһ۫ƼĽѯ⣬ѧУ˵Լ顣
һ˵Щ˵¥û¡ǿЦдóôõƷ𣿡
һ˵¥㣬Щʡ
Ƿֵ»֪Ǽأǰɣ
Ƿġǰɡʵ·



241 
ѧ, ¥ͻӢûĹϵ
Ƿ˴õһ϶Ĵ֮, ǰˣ˰, Ҷôã
ǰ˻еɻ󣺡Ҫû飬ΪʲôĴԣΪʲôǲ壿
ЩΣϢֻǰСҵ, Щӱû˼ǵһˣǿ壬۷׷ס
̨üʶǷ˵Ǻеġ̨ʲô֣Ҳѧѧ
ҲѧѧЦҽ
ָ¥һǷ˹һЦЦ־òԾ, εؿ
һ䣺ұ¥
ˣ
ˣ
Цʵʾϵܽڵİ칫
κָһطл, Ǹȥ
ԭصķ˵û뵽Ȼ¥¥Ƣ, ôҲ
ǰǰͷЩ
ȻСϵϢȻڱ۱ˡ̫߳ˣ
Һ¥
˵뷨ǵָ, Ҫҵܽڵİ칫ҡ
֮ǰ۫УѾܽˣԷڹѧͲ, Ǹܿˣһ, ȡЦķ£ͦİ
ܽڣͱȡЦˡЦ
ܽڵûҪһ£
֮ǰ˵Ļ˵һ顣
ܽڵ⻰ģ¶ȷʵͲ塭ȥɣȹкˣȻû˵ˡ
ЦЦûشǲܽġ
û壬ҲΪ֪Ļ˵˭̰һֱڲ¡
Ƕãǡ
оǣͷôţҪ˶ãû˼ǵˡ
ܽڣҪ輸
ʱ飬ǷǳģĸȽ鼮ϴټĹżЩֻһݣӵ߶ñ˿±˳ȥ
ܽڵӹԭ飬óǳϧ϶ǰƤģݸ㿴֮вĵطҡ
Ҫһֱ鷳ˡЦ飺Ҿҿܺܶ඼
֮󣬾ͷɸɾģֻĳЩطעһЩҳ롣
ܽڵ˱ʼǣıʼǵҳ룬Ҫǲ԰ҵıʼǴȥһ𿴡
ǾͶлˡ
ܽڸ𣬾ȥ˹¶ԺǱߡ
Ѿˣ¶Ժߵĺ׼ꡣ
¶Ժһֱ̫㣬ʱĺӣǿԵʹģѺܶ˹¶Ժʹһĺȥȥʱ򣬾Ϳʮкƺõһɹ
ߵףĻɱһͻĨƣɹ⣬Щ˼һ缦⣬Ѽ
ЩƷҪԵ
¶Ժĺӳ׼⣬ڷЬӡ
ù¶Ժĺڴһȫ·ǲ̫ܵģһЩ鲼˽úЬףȡù¶ԺĺӣڴһȫЬ
ͿʹһЩĺЬףСģԱ󽬺͵ԡ
Ȼˣ͵ԵĺӣܿͻᱻԺֲ㣬õųԽ𣿡
Ҿ̲סһôɵģĺӣǱˣܼʲô
һ̰ɣкóԵأڳԱˣ¾ûӳԺóԵˣ
⺢˵ĺóԵģⷹ
磬͸㶹󷹣õʱٷŽȥܶ˰ȣⷹˡ
úķûȤģŲʳ̬ų룬¶ԺĺӶϲּķûСŮҲŴͣ˸ιһ롣
¶ԺȥһѧУ
ѧУѾٽżˡ
ȥѧУѧŸˣˣѧУĹҲѾʼˡ
ѧУˡ
ѧУ￴Լѧʱ򣬸̰ǱߣѾץɢŵбࡣ
ӲдģǱдģһǧׯƱҽ֮ҾʹӦˡڵزС
Ȼ࣬ȴǱ˹ģÿ²ʮԪнˮ
Ϻ󣬳ԷҲǮÿõ֣¸µʱ򣬻ϾѾʣʲôˡ
Ϊһǧ̾Ķˡ
ôǮȫԻϼأ̣
ܻӢӢ뿪Ϻ˰
ңϼȥˣӢҪҵҲס
Ȼˣ࣬Ѿ֪Լˡ
̫ˣ
ٲڣлô˼һΪĸб£
ڲɪɪͬʱ֪޲޲ûشãٻһŭ֮°Ӻȥ
˵ǸƵĴƢõúܣšҪж¡
յǮأ̰ʡ
æؽŵׯƱ˳
̰ʾߵȥׯƱֵӳȥ
ʲôɱ˶ħûжʵʲô֪СﶯֵϲãŪԭ֮󣬰ӳȥҲˡ
ֻǡĻ˱ϢΪʲô
ΪʲôһֱϢҲǲʵġ뵽̰ͻȻֵȵȣ
Ǹڸ̰˵ˡӳȥ֮󣬷ɺܶһɫɷףøˣ¸̰ڣҪŪ
̰
㾡ܷԸ˵Ȼ֪̰ʲôʱ̰⣬ѡ
̰ȥ֮󣬶д¥¡һĹ£ǵбϡ
һ㶣漴ʶĹҪǶˣҿ϶ͲעͻӢˡ
ֻǡСؿ̰Ҫдʲô
дүκүమɱʲôġţ˰ѹ´ٸɫһ£д˾Ϳǡ̰
ܳɵĸ׺κͤĸ֣˵Ĺϵ̫ãҪ䣬֮ǰ֪µʱ˵మɱ̰ͼסˡ
ÿдд֡
һʱ˵̫࣬Ĺ»Ҫȥ롣
һܶ
ȻˣҪǡѡ񡷺͡ӼǡдˣͦеģȻӦøҵ
̰ϣͰԼ
Ц⣡£ǲдϺ˺ˣ¡ǿдͷЩˣҪдùţһǼٵġҷб֮ǰǹͻӢŵıֽʼһЩ߰ţ϶Ǻ˵˵ʱͻͻӢҲǺ˵˵ˡ
˳һ
𣿡̰ʡ
ʲôѵģĳ˶ĳ֮ãĳ˺ĳޣĳ˺ĳĹ룬һ
ǹµҪúһ롭ԺЩˣдЩӢۡ
뼸д١̰
û⣡ҲӦˡ
ֹ£ȥдȤ󣬵ֻдٵĻǺġ
ܿд߰˸ٳдһЩȤƬϸڡ
дһ٣̰Ϳһ٣Ȼ󱻾Ŀɿڴ
̫ˡ
ôôܱ̰̲ࣿסʡ
㲻ʲôһĶȥˣǰС˵дԽʱ֮󣬰ʱе˶µСܣаʱŮˣȫȢؼҵŵġ
ǲĻ࣡
̰̫ǫˡ
࣬Ҫô£
ͬµ岻ѵģбࡣ
֪дٵǻᣬֻе㻳ɡӢĹ£òİɣ
Ͼˣ̫ˣ
Ҫб˲ţܳڱ
Ȼˣʱ϶ǲдֵġ
ģһɶǴﰡҪôǳȥˣ˺
ֲܲǡ
»٣ϰ壬»١
˵ϰ壬Ӧ˵ǰϰ塣
ӻǰϰļ˵бѾǻٵˣٵġ
ڵϰ壬ʵǻ١
ôţбͷд


242 ˧
бƴ, ҹϹд, ûͼˡ
ͬһ, дƪһĸӣһƪԼһ߽̰, Ȼȥ˷
Ȼ󣬱ֽͻȻͳһŵİԡԭĳԱĳΪϲԷ
û뵽飡һЩǼʲôŵģĿɿڴ
˭ʲôģҲһЩϰѹͲʶˡ
ֱ˵˵ⱨֽԽԽˣһЩʶ֮ʿ
ϺеʶһʼͻӢİԣǰŰɵ, ȴһ㲻ˡ
ֱĶ߰ıֽ˵ȫǼٻ
Ҳ, Ӣֲֻ, ˺ܶǮκͤѧУأѲκͤҲһȣ
ֽ̫ˣ֮ǰ˵ͻӢһҲ, ھȻ˵İ̴˧ʢűֽЦ
˵ʲô̴˧ϺʢһȥȻСѧ˴浽ҹոĳ˧ʵ
û⡭̴˧ⲻô˰
ӳ˧漫ˡ
ʢкԷ, ⱨֽи˼Ĺ¡
˧Ӧһȥֽ, Ȼһͱסˡ
ǸȥˣȻϲ
ϣȻ飿
ʵͦĳ˧ˡ
ô⸱飿ò˰ɣʢһ³˧ļ򣺡ⶼǼٵģ
ٵģ˧⣬̲סʣǼٵġôд֣Ͳ±̴˧鷳𣿡
ǵͦģ֮ǰӢأҲ»Ӣǵ鷳ʢԵȻˣǸôҪΪ̴˧Ӧò̫
Ϊʲô˧⡣
ϢӦİ̴˧ҪǰⱨֽĸģĹƻʢԵĹԱܲϲܶ¶˵˵ʱҲͺܲ
˧ͬУͷԶԣҲôã
˧дĺвţбҪĸԼĸԼĸ׿Ȼȥˡ
˧ߵˣ
ʢԿɲ֪Լߵ˧ڶ죬ų˧ȥӰȥˡ
˴ӹŪ˵ĵӰ豸ʢǷǳϲЩģȥˣ˰Լ
ҵǸӵĵӰ豸ˣһ죬˷ܵزС
ǳ˧
ʶⶫ֮󣬳˧ĪϲҪĵӰҪĵӰҪݵӰҪüˣ֪
˧֮ǰһֱͦãģϲ飬Ҳϲ̣սֻúûš
£;Լӹͦû˼ġ
ʢһˣͻȻǳȤʢˣһԼҵ
ʢԵĽ¿ض󰡣ȫô֪֣
ãԼôҪʢԸһ㣬ֻסʲô˼
˧ĥҪǮļӰݣҪд֣ȻŪȫȥţȫ˶ʶ
һֱøɶû˼ĳ˧ԽԽԽԽ˷ܡ
ʢҲǸ⣺ⲻⶫܶ˶ûԸ⻨ǮļÿĹ·Ÿ˿ƱӦ׬٣
Ҳôá˧Ӣܻ׬Ǯ˿Ӣ˵е㲻ģڡҲ׬Ǯķӣ
ʢԵʲô£Ҫú롭Ҫȥɡ
ʵڱֽϿĹ£ǳ̴˧Ǹҿݳ̴˧˧²ġ
ʢÿӵų˧ˣ³̴˧Ū㣿
˧£϶᲻Ū
˧ʢĵӰʱ򣬱ֽֿһİԡ
ǺСĵģȥЩǹˣε˹ԱһǺ飬һǸպ̰١
Ȼˣǵ
һϺ˸ˡ
Щ̫ˣ
ʱ򣬾ͨգҲȻˣЩ£Ǳİɣ
϶Ǳģǰ¥߸ߴһˣôܸһ𣡡
ԭǱİһˡ
ˣЩˣĶ׼𣿡

Ѿˣָźܶ࣬ټб֮ıֱֽ˺ܶ߰Ĺ£أѾûʲôͻӢˡ
̰ɺܶ࣬Ȼٲɻһ
˵ĻôΪʲô
̰˼⣬ȴ֪ĻôʵֻΪйߡ
ʢϣ֪٣ȻЩ˾ˣ£ôá
ǾãʢϣѾˡ
ڶֵ˭϶ǻӢ
ϻ㱨£ϣ뷨ӶԸӢȻ˲ûͬⲻ˵ǻݺݵѵһ١
ӢϮˣ˾ġ
˺ܶսѣǣһֱصģʲôû
Щ˱زУҪĶԻӢ֣ӢѾ뿪Ϻˡ
֮£ɴͽӢɢȥйߡ
ǲȱǮ
ŷѻƬǵϣ˴ʲƸ
Ȼˣֻɢ£̫˻Ӣˡ
ӢܿأϺȻĵܻܵЩСٹ£϶Ϊ˳Ӣ飡
ӢܿԼĵܻܵҪҪǶ֣
ǺСģҪֺѡ
ߵˡ

ձһʱ͸̰ܻӢϺĿ
ϻ𣬿ůĲ˵طҲůģʵ̫ˣ̰Ǻϲġ
Ȼˣϲ
֮󣬸̰Ͳ̫֣ˡ
ʱ̰̫ȣֻһ·߸ɴ಻
㲻ܸɵɶĸ̰Ҳ
͸̰ϺĿ̸˵صʱɽ˧յ˳̴˧ĵ籨˵Ӹ¥һȣ
˧Ǽٵģ¥һȵӣӣ
Ȼˣⲻǡճ̵ҪȡЦɣ˭ĵӣ
˧籨˵ϲ㵽԰Σ
̴˧ʲô˼˵ķ
ôţˣ˧˧ּĶˣ
̴˧ϲЦտùҿӿТ˳ˣȥϺ֮Ķ鰡ֽʲôУĽ治ӣ
Ӣ¥飬ӼĻıֽϿģǱֽ缸ͼˣæúܣſꡣ
̴˧𿪰Ϳһݲıֽ
ĪлӢĹ£̴˧ؿ
Ȼ󡭡ⶼʲô


243 һ
һת, Ǵҹ
¶ԺǱѾҪ粽ˣҲûйȥ
һ, Ϳʼ׼ֳʳ
ͨ˼, һǰüͿʼ׼ʳˣ֮ǰûգҲ͵˽ſʼڡ
ĳʳ, 㻹ⶼٲ˵ġ
˵Ǯһֻũļһ磬ץţɱ
̫̫, ʹáɱɣ̰͵ĳﲻ˵
㲻ùңҾûԼŪŪЦ, ֻعͷȥץ
Ǽļ, һֻɢĴ󹫼һ֪Ѿ˺ܾˣʮءһֱŻͽ⿪ϵĲڲ, ȶԼĳϴมֱУǳץ
˲ٹץסȻͷ⼦Ҫܶࡣ
ֲûС޸֮ô˵
Ȼˣһֻ־ܰ⼦ļץεġץ, ְѼùôĴָסȻѵҡ
æ, Ĩ⼦ĲӣѼѪ׼Ѫ
֮ϰ˷ˡðɣʱһҲû˷ѡ
ɱ˼֮ҪˮһֻȻëڴ֮ǰѼЩƯëȫҪˡҪȥӣ
ë¶ˣԱݿɺͺϴʵ߲ˡ
̰ʱ򣬾ͿæȻģĳվԱߣе㲻֪롣
̰״ǳﲻæȥϢɡ
ǳ˵ͷܿͻȥˡ
ˣ̰ʣʲô
̰ʵڲ³ˣǵȥڰɣǵҪըӡ
ȱˮʱӰͲ㣬ڲȱˮˣͲԷˣ׼ٵģһЩݩ˷Žȥ
ǰôΪʡ⣬ôɣΪ˺óԡ
Ƿֹ˲ٳʳڴ˸ӣݡ
ҡҷˣڻᣬǾԺһɹ̫һ߿иݩ
񻹽˺ܶǰ顣
ϣֵسҹ
һͦڵģ鲻ȻˣõľǸ̰
̰ǰһֱǲιģһ֮ͻȻùر˼Ҳ졣
Ǽûʲôݣһһ˾һԳԺȺ죬ſʼκͤ߶
ȥǰκүϺҪκԲԲҲˣκͤʱ̬ǿӲκͤҲţղɢ
κͤǻȥˡκŹ˵κ̫̫ˣκͤԸĸҲĸĸŮȥˣû뵽ǣȻͻˡ
ܺ棬κͤЦһ£Ҳ֪ǵôġһȥģȥˣְϡǲ֪һȥͷּҵʮ߰Ĵǵļˡ

ұΧŵ˰죡κͤ̾
⻹ͦлеġ
һֱǺúùͨϧǹִκֵͤˣ˵Щˡ
κͤľ뿪ˣκԲԲˡҪȥݷˣκԲԲǲ̫ʵģɴæչˡ
Ϻ̶ܶǹŵģӵƹвٶȥˡ
кܶϺġ
ԵӰĳ˧֮һ
Ȼԭ໥˳۵ĳ̴˧ͻ˧ͻȻ˹ͬԡĳСӣȻϺؼң
ǻ˧ԹϱҲҪŵģǸһûȻһʼܲڹܲ˶ӣҲֻűˣοԼ˵ܱЩ欵Ϸĺá
˧ô˵ɫɷףΨֻ˧ˡ
ӹȫ£ֻ˳Է
ӢȥϺ
˧Ӣô˵ݺݵص˻Ӣһۡ
˧ǰʲôûеʱ򺷲ηȨˣȴʼʼý
û飬ǲ뿪Լĵ̵ġ
˧ȻԸ̰ؼҹЩԹǸ̰˺ܶණ
ͷҲʲô඼ʱҲͺܳܶ껹һµʱͿʼæ꣬ȻҪһֱ£ǹꡣ
Ȼˣ˶
³ģʹӱˣϺ
ƴ飬δȫƹ㣬Ѿúܶ˿ʼѧˣӱϺؿʼƹ㡣
ڣǱѾкܶ˽ƴˣҪһֱţʹ֣Ϻ
ҪϺƹƴҲҪһȥʦڡ
ʱڴѧĽڣǹѧҵģЩˣѧеˣȴûġ
óƴ׾ζӦøһ㽱ġ
𳵣һ·糾͵صϺ
Ϻ֮ǰϵԼϺߵĺѵģĺҲ˵ˣܿ죬ͱưԼĺѼС
ףþò׵Ѽ׺ǾϲȻּȥμһĻ᣺Ļģܶ˶ȥ
¡
ǳ̳˺ܶѧǲףҲָܹ㡣
ٰĻᡭ׵Ҫȥ
ȥģ
κͤʦ⼸ʱֹһֽ⣬Ǻܾصġ
ҪĻ᲻˵ױд˸͹ΣҪȥġ
ϲӣƽﶼţξٰĻᣬܶͶȥ̰ʣҪҪҲȥӣ
һˣҾôӹֵֹġʱ˵ճţȴʣһ㳡ϴǲġ
ȻˣҪǲ̫ϰߣҲȥһ
׻Ǵų۾ȥˡ
Ļֳ˺ܶഩųӵˣҲκͤ
Ǵӵģκͤˡȥ˸к
ЦеӦˣ´һ
ʲôԣ̲סʡ
ûУҾеĽ˻ͣ;ôٶҲ䡣
ʹӣһ
ͷǰһţůͺܶ࣬©硣
Ǽɻͦʵӣ·Ӧͦů
˵ʱԶȴ˵¥ϲȡ裬Ҷӣ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôôˡǻˣ
Ҫˣܶôãô
ƫԶطʼˡ˸˾ǲһ


244 ½
ݲΪ֪ʱ, ˲ࡣ
ʱ˶¥϶ǸģȻȥ
ѧϺ, ݱ֪֮, ȴһЩ˿
ݹأμĻˣܶ඼Ҫõָ, ýӽ֮ǰһֱڸļѧ˵
۰Ͱ͵ؿҪ˵ûлһҲ, Ȼһͱǰ
ǲ˵Ự͹ˣ
ȻЩ, ҲЩ˺ܳ¥汾, ǰ¶ԺǰѧУģ˲ʵ£Ƕǳ塣
⣬һЩ˱λͺ, ܵõĽֻǸڵǶԴҲͺƽ, ֱӰ͵
ģ׵ĺһҲġ
һ𵩴ѧĽ, ᰮ飬Ĳǰռǽģ¥ȻҵģҲǳˡ
ϲ¥飬ΪºãֻԢãϲ¥飬ҪΪ¥һֶĿһµĸо
ӹǵĻѾǧ꣬ڣĻɣĳЩȫ̷񶨡
һȴ
ϣĻкܶɣȴҲоϣȡ侫ȥɵģϧһֱҲʵķ
ֱ¥ҵ˺ճ
ǵС˵һҵһոµĳ·
ĻҲҪʱģĻӦֻǾӢײġ
ҲԽԭеһЩƣ飬Ȼһµģ˽ܵĻ
һ¥ҵдİ׻С˵֮ѾڿҪЩӵּ򵥻ˡ
κһ֣Ҫռͱ򵥡
ȥ⣬ĺӣһ飬ܿʻ㣬ܶĶνĽҪ֪Сʱѧ꣬Ȼ鷿Ĵͷ飬Щӵ֡ѧ꣬㽫֮дܿ
ңҪһܿ˲ףϣһмһЩϣ֪ʶǱϲ¢ϵġ
һŲ׽ĻᣬͿԲ׵㿴ߵǸƳǸ¥
ԭӣЩȡ׺ѧͬ¶꣬ѧǺϤģ֪ѧĶ֮󣬱ģӦøʱѧࡣ
ȻˣȴԼˡ
ѧü֮֮ģ忴ţȴȫͬ
ǵʮǰѧ緢ڵѧήҲĺʱѧڵѧû崺ʡ
Ȼˣⶫ֮ҲͶкøУŻôá
˵ʣڳϣҲ˦ѧһصģӻѧߡ
̲סһθ̾ѧôôãȻһôɫĶӣ
ϺΪڿȥģûɹһ˳
һϺܶ˹кһЦӦˣٲ˽һס
һ׵λߣЩһ˵ˣȻһʶһ
һͲףǱˣ߻Χ˲ˡ
һĵһ֮󣬾˵λ¥ϺѧУ
ô¥ˣʡ
˸ɣͬ¡
˵ĸףͻȻ뵽һ¡
˵׺ѧĹϵܲã
ѧӲͣҲǸӣǲϲġ
˶һֱܲԼɫȴûĻ첻ʱ¥Ӧúܲɣ
ô˵ü˵¥֮ܲ⡭¥Ϻã
ᰡ˵ˣϺܻӭ
¥ͻٹϵǳ£ȫϺ֪ġ˵
ôˣ׸ˣ¥ܺͻӢãб£ѵ⻹ã
֪¥ͻӢҡӢΪ֧¥ӡ飬ְơ˵˲Ļ
мһϲˣһҲˣʱٲͼӴһ
ԽԽ
Щǵһ֪ǰ˵ˣ
д
һֱϵģˣоǡдС˵˵Ϊץ׬ǮЩط⣬Ǻ飬д޼
ԭ飿ŭ
֣ά´Ա·ߵĶԻæλ㲻Ҫǵĺ˵˵Ƕ
ʲôֽ϶дˣЩ˷
ֽϻдĶԳ̴˧֣ѵҲģ֣άЦ
ЩһʱһԲ׵˵ķθ֮ԣЩ飬ܲǿѨ硣
һȷʵˣ¥񲻹ڣôѲɻǿԼġ
˵¥дЩ绨ѩµĶûҵǮЩƶѣҪ˵һûеġ
ѧͣҲ֪飬һ˼׬Ǯ

ЩһһĲѹڲס
֣άЦԼû£֪ۺˣҲǿЦ
˵ʲôʲôۺģһ˵ֿףǰɣ
Ŷױ鵭ģ¥¿ڿʹñ㣬ûй
Щ˶ʱ
ֵ˵ѧ͡ϺҪ֮һαʦڡ
Щ˲ŵ۾
ʦǿȫõĴѧ֮һ뿼ϣ
ͣȱʦܶѧҪСȻҪʦĽˣ
ôܣ
Щ˲ţ֣άȴ̲סЦ֮ǰ׸Щ˵ڰ֮࣬ԲҲЩģòǸű˵ĺ಻ġ
û뵽󣬲׾Ȼôһϲ
֣άµЦЩ˵˻ѿˣߵΣҲΧ˵עĿ
Ѿ˵ˣ֣ά¾͹кôҲˣ֣ά£Щȥʱʶģ֣ά»ƽҽԺʦ˿˵Ǻˡ
֣άһҽôμĻˣ
ġ֣άµ½ڣþò
ʲô½ڣ


245 
ͷˮ, ׼״Ц¥ɣǲס
ǲЩϲִʱ, ǲ֪˵, ʱΪƴнӴ֮׵, Ͷ
Բ˺ܶ˽⡣
׳ڴ壬ǸʵµģҲ̤ʵ, ĳЩиĺöˡ
ͨãǵһμ桭ĳڶˡ׶Ц
ˡЦ
Ͳ̸, Щ֮ǰ, ״ȴӲޣָ¥İܶ࣬Ҫúź
¶, ֮ǰڱֵֽ÷зģû˵̹
֣άԣҪ𣬵ȿˣǰҺܶ, Һܸм˵ź򡭡ǿʲôбˣǶǺ˵˵
˵˵˷̵Ц
ȷʵǺ˵˵Ƣ˵Ҳϲ, ϲġ
˵滰Ҳ֪˲š
Щ飬ԽǴ󷽷˵ԽǼٵġ
Ȼôһ˵֣άµЦҲЦˣ˵Ц
֣άЦˣ͵ǰ㾹Ȼ˵ԺͷȥˣСԺ𣡡̰ƽҽԺԺ֣άǹԺġ
Ժҷ𣿡ʡ̰Ҫֻ֪и˵ģ
ǵᣬԺƢã˭𡣡֣άµ
ǲͳˣЦЦʵ̰ŲƢãֻǰȽϻװѡ
ֵ̫̹Ȼˡ
֮ǰûʱ򣬻˶ͻӢŰɣμô˵
ǶţʲôбĶԶǼٵģ
ҪͻӢʲôϵĳ˵Ļô˵ûٿЦԿӢûϵԿͻҵĹϵĺܺá
ȻˣǼŻӢûϵҲĳйء
úӢţʱܾãһ𣬱Ȼһĵġ
ٴҶǿĺܣǻƷµģˣʲôϵ
б̫ɶˣұҥԣ֣άµ
κͤ˹⻰͵ȷʵˣⱨֽ̫ᳶˣŪҵľġҲǮѧУͦģڱֽϿҺҲ˱ųһѡ
κͤⵣģȻĵģô˵ȫΪ˰塣
мؿκͤһۣΧȴЦ˵κȻٻҪʮ꣬˵
˶ЦҲ֮ǰˣΡ
ƫʱ򣬲׻м˻û˵ϺҪ֮һ㵣αʦڡ
Щ𾪡
ӶûϹѧȻڣ
ѧߣǲʤΡ
ҸֹһͬģʦĽ֮УûϹѧģֻǵڶѣкβɣ׵
˵ڵĴѧڣܹѧҲЩʵûѧ
Σ˼Ȼûжѧѧʶһ㶼ЩĲ
һᡭ
ȻᣬѾ곤˶ˡ׵ϺƹƴҪİ
һ㶣Ĳ˵ƴóġ
ƴģð˵Ĺ
ڲΪ鷳Ż᲻˵ģҲû£ֻǸ˵ƴ
עºܶ˶ڲ˵һ׷ǳʵעҶܸȤ˾һ𣬶ƴ
ⳡĻᣬĪسˡƴ
ʾԼѧУй¶ԺѧϿʼѧƴ
ԣͻȻѧУѧֶģ
УЩ츳ߣֺܿ졣
ѧУǳ˼ŵģ̶̰꣬Ǿ˺ܶ֡
ЩѧܿأѾĥҪ͵ƽѧȥˡ
ˣЩѧѧϰƴѧˣȥڱˡ׵
ƴ֣мģҲһЩ⣬Ҫһ㣬ǻƴ١
ãӦˡŲѧƴЩ˵кܴôġ
Ļĵڶ죬ͽ״ԼѧУֽЩΪɫѧȫ˲ǰò׽ƴ
ЩѧһʮаŮӣ߽ңٲһ㶣Ůһҡ
ҵѧУһŮУϺбŮУûܶЩԽڱƴŮӡ
׾Ůһѧϰʣ⻰ҲЩֲ̫󣬱ӦˡֻȻӦˣڽϿʱٲöעһЩŮԼĿϻʲô顣
׺ܿʶԼˡ
Щѧһ缢ƿʵѧϰţѹͲߵŮһۣЩŮֻͷӡ
׶ʱĽѧ
ڲ׽̹Щѧ֮Ẓ́Щѧķǽƴѧøá
ĳضЩ˵˷θ֮ԡѧƴ֮ȽԼѧУͬѧѧƴԺ󣬻лȥѧУ̱ѧУѧѧƴԸĿγ̡ѧƴ˵һıǵ˵Ļᣬϣץס
Щѧϰʱ򣬱һЩ
ӣͦοġ
Ǹ̰Щơ
ǴĻ֪֮ܿĻ˵Ļ
ȻûţĻ˵˵ġ̰ĸú´һȥæƴˣֱ飬Żؼҡ
ܿա̰ɴʰȥѧУ
죬æϵϺߵˣ׫һƴֵ䣬ǽѧƴĹȫ
ȥÿΣ˳㻹ѧһѧƴ
ѧϰµĶ̰һֱǺܸȤġ
ֻǡ̰߽ңͻȻֽΧ˺öˣӽҴ￴ͿڽεĽԭѧ⣬ȻˣЩѧУʦһЩӱŮҵĺġ
ˣӦ漷ˣŻ᲻òεġ
վڸ̰ߵһ˿˸̰һۣĬĬƿһλø̰Σȴһ仰˵
̫ˣʱҪǻ˵ͻ˵ʲôƫƫѧƴҪľǷ
ˣ˷ǳ࣬ҲԾذ
ȻˣǻҪҲΪʶ̰Ѹ̰ѧƴͨˡ
̰
νһ룬һͿ˸̰
ЦŴ򿪽ţԸ̰̰滹λãɡ
滹λã̰˽ȥȻͿָָ̨ʦӡ
Ȼˣ̨ϵλûǿŵģӸõһѡϾǸʦġ
̰һаСʱ¿ΣһµҰɡ
á̰Ӧˣ˼ڽ̨ϣ룬ɴͰӰᵽ˽̨Աߣڽ̨Ա
ܽҡôźеѧ
״̲סЦ
λáһǱʦرעĲģ


246 
Ȼ˸̰, ȻظڳϿΡ
ƴ˵ıȲ׻Ҫ׼̵ѧ, ˵ƴȴ˵׼, ʲôŹֵĶֻһһظʾ
һڿɤӶе, æһھջֵڿξϵ¿Ρ
˵¿֮󣬽ѧ˵
̵ƴһ˵, ̽Ұɣ
һ
ûϿΣĿܸҲ𣿡

˵ѧϰϵ, Ҳ˺渵̰ݣУнǸ˭
ӦУѰ, ʶУ̫ˡ
Һ

̰ٲμӾۻᣬݱ¶ӼһĲ˶Ӵ, ܶ˶ʶ
ʶģεŮʦʶ˺渵̰ݣǻ٣
һʼĿ, ֪֮۲һ»ӢСײϻӢһ, ֻܼĿŸ̰ͻȻáҲܲ
ҽƢܺãһٿ϶Ȼٺദˣ
ÿؼңĸ߽飬Ūڿɫˣ̲סҪȥһ룬˸Լ䲻䡣
ڡⲻͦԼô
ȫڸ̰ϣߵҲһ˿Ʋסصһ
˽нʱǾͺ˭ˣû뵽Ȼǻ٣
һأ͸̰Ѿ뿪ˡ
̰ôˣˣЦ
пգ͹̰ɫ
Ȼ̰ô˵ǲŵģЦЦҪæܶ࣬㡭ǳȥԶˣ
̰Ӧá
ǣӵĽȥʱ͸̰ѾûӰˣ
Ϻ߿һҷǳĶװȫǶϲķ񣬾ƣǶģ˼дȻˣЩд˵ֻдˡ
Ҳһͷǳ𱬡
ϺߵǮڳԸʶºܶ˺Ȳ߿ȣȹ֣ҶҲһ
Ȼ˲ö˶ôóԣҶȥԸȥԷϾž͸ߵ
ҲãΪϺصǮ˶ȥԷˡǶˡ
ǰһЩӵϺĶ廹ԽԽˡ
ЩϴŴǮƣңϺ֮󣬲ø߳гۺܶļ۸Ϻ˾ۼķסǸ߼ķסȻͿʼ˻ӽ
ӳģЩ˴ˣȴҲкܶûа˴ϣǣһЩҶԷ
ⷹǻӢֵµ˴ӶŪ˼ʦģս׬Ǯһ㲻׬Ķࡣ
꿪Щʱ򣬵͸̰ûȥԹȻпգÿȥ
ȻǼӢ͵ĶӶˣΪʳޣ˻ĲֲԵʣǳԹĶʵࡣ
ſڣͿĸߴĶӴżֻݵĶŮȥ
Щ˿һۣ߰ͷȥȻֱ¥һ߸ϵӡ
ǣԼĹҿЩǿ
͸̰Щǽȥ֮̾ʮ߰ĵԱŲ˵Ȼǰһ¥¿λá
̰λˣҲ㣬ǲֻӴˣԵĶ¥һ۸¥ٹһЩ˲һǵ¥ϳԹĺˣ
⡣֪Ǹ̰ģЦһȻŲ˵ʼˡ
㶳ⶳѬ㡢ӽĢ⡭һ˲٣ֽÿ˵ķһЩˡǵ̫࣬Ҫٶ࣬ͳԲˡ
ǣǵԱЦӦˡ
ôʶңʣ͸̰һԱܽгǵ֣ͦġ
֮ǰڶٵĹɻģܲʶ㣿˵ȥ꣬ǴѧУѧǹס˺ܾõġ
ԭ߹оΣʡ
߿϶ȹҪãҪѧö͸ˡǵԱЦûмʵ˼һ뿪ˡ
ûã͸̰ķ˾ͱ
ζŨأ壬ޣ̰ȴ̫ϲ
Լ̻ڵϲģҲ˲١
˳Ա㣬ٲĶڵ
̰ƿŻҵ鱨磬Զ˽⣺Ǳ߷֮󣬺ܶӵ˶Ϻȥ˺ܶƸв˶ϵǮ
Щ壬кܶزסǮġ
ǡ̰ͬصͷ
Щ壬ǹǰµĹһġ
֮ҲбгϢģˣȴѾϰ˹֪ȡ
ˣЩ˻ӣҼάԼ棬ǡǹҵǰ忿ŵ䵱ֻΪЩҲѶá
һõһϢ̰
ʣʲôϢ
Щŵĸߣձֵ֧ġ̰
ԭ˵ձ˻ڵġ
ʱڣձûжй֣ʵһԭǾڸ̡
ʱձ沢ռϷ磬һǳɫձһ÷Ըĸ߽Ǯϵ֧֡
ɹˣİ£ľ
Ҳʧˡɳʵͳ£ľͦܵģձ˶򲻹µȨ̨˼̾Ѫ
֪ձǱǳ˲СĿģŷ޸ȫٴо¶
͸̰Ķʱ򣬸ʢϣ£Ҳ˵¡
ֻŶǱߣǡ
ɽ϶ѾˣҪΪ𣡡
֧ˣ

ʢϣڿսڼ˺ܶ飬¡պʱͻᣬʵûжձ濴ййϻĸʢϣҲû̫⡣
֮£Ǹض
ʱձļ񣬻ڶڶˣǵĿȫڶ
ҰĲҪӶҧһûжйſ֣ҲֻעൺȵأûȥϺ
˵Ӣʩѹˡ
ʢϣ£һֱûܵõԹڵԮ
ЩԽ˵ԽһȥһӢƴʱǸǿ飬ǷڵǷСŮˣ尢壬ҿһȺ߹أ
֪ˣǡһָǸСŮһǶȻһۣ̾ǽˣĶûʰҵһֱץǣǿɲܱץ
ǵСŮǲڻɻؿЩǽ뿪ֳȥˣһžͿһȺɳĹߵСԷˡ
ɳǶͦõİ֪סǼҵΪʲôһ˾Ҫܡ
Ҳû̫ᣬеĳǾͺܺˣ
СŮû룬ĸĸصң֪֮ȴ̾ͱһȻϾͰ¸֪ѲǱߡ
Щ˰˳ﷸѲﷸҪץģǻǿ㽫֮ٳȽϺã


247 »μǡ
˽ѧѧƴ, ҪЭ޶ֵ䣬Ϊע
ʱֵ, עá, ˡķʽڣǴԭеĻ, ЩƴעѧԸѧġ
һǳƴḶ́Ҫֲ׼ѶϾʱҶϰ˵ԣһЩѧ, Ҳ˵ò׼
Ƿǳġ
ִʱ˽ʱ
йѧ˵, ʱǻƽʱ, ʱȨٱҲܳԣѧԱ¹滮š
˵һ, ʱǿԴģɢʫ֮ģҲʱֲֵġ
ʱ, ֻҪ㹻ĲŻܳΪйѧĿ֮һ
˵, ˵оƴԼ޶ֵ䡭
ִһȺ˾һ޶ֵ䣬ǸЦѧУҲ˽·ƴʱ黹
ǡ޶ֵڼ䣬ԼѧʣеȻֶܶʶ
ͣдÿ쿴ֵ䱳ֵ䣬ġͽͯȻע
Ȼƴǿ϶ҪעĶ
ͽͯⱾ飬ǺʺΪעġЩ¶ܺⲻ˵ֻѡ
ݹɣҺãܿ˰֡
ִСѧһ꼶ѧѧƴҲѧһ£ƴѧСҲʮ겻˵ʱ仹ֻѧƴ
£һ˳ʦˣֵĹڹмѧƴ
ֶ֮ǳ˸ͽͯע⣬±ϷõѡȻһһעЩ£Ƿǳʺʶֲ˿ġ
æµУʱ÷ɿ죬һգۣ͵˲ݳݺɵĴ죬ϵһˣܿлˡ
Ϻ̤ŷݵżʣܶԼȥ棬ϧһֱûգ̰еģܸѧƴʱҲࡣ
̰ܶ齻ȥһЩҪΪ˵ҽԺ飬ֱ˵ֵµ鷳
Ĵ飬ͦġ
һֱкģӢĴÿ궼ôұٳֱ٣˵ǹҵĴֻˡ
飬̰Ĵǰû
ĴǴ󴬣ǺüҴɵĴӣЩǲĴӶֵġ
Ⱥһ𣬾ǽһӿѺˡ
̰ĥţЩı֧֣ȻˣҲԴС
̰æϵԼʶˣԼĴӸ̳
ʱ۫һˣ;֮ŷޡ
ϵʹģµʱǼԲʵ߲˺⣬ÿ춼ԸƷ·
۫Ϻʱ򣬳ԷҪɫ߲ˣϲСˣڴϣЩǼŵġ
ϰˣԷһ㶼ҲжѿʱԼڷϴ֮ǰӢľḻˮ֣Ǵ˺̶ܶƶϴģʱʱģͷһ㶹ѿҳԡ
һ·Ҫߺü£Щ۫ÿһ죬ڷ޸дǲд͹飬ⱾӢİͷİ棬޸ԽԽơ
ڣⲿ֣۫ˣΪ»μǡ
ڿĿĵأ۫ŷ޵ĺG
Gڶܾãδŷޣ⼸µĴڵİһʼʱÿ춼£Ӳ˶ʮ
ǰͦϲƷģ÷ǳ·ϲԼʦȰĳˣGÿΣڳˡ
ڵˣʦڵˣG
۫˵ͷЩӡ
Աôִֵӽ̶ִͷϣִͷϼһװ壬Ǿ˳żװ壬ͷϡ
˺ƻڻεţڵϲʵоȴֳϵغáGһ۫棬ȥ׶ء
սڽţй̫СǻǴġ۫ͺGûܵʲôд۫⡣
Ѳǵһܵ
۫ܲã׶صʱϥʹһԣŬȥݷһһӢˡ
Է̬Ȳͽ߾ȫȥάιϵԷ̬ȲãҲȥݷöԷ㲻ҵҲӢϲʿ˽⣬Щ˵뷨
۫ڱʼǱϽԼ˽⵽Ӣһһ¡ЩǷǳϡ
ȻҲû跨桶»μǡ
£ȥģͨӢĹϵһӢˣöԷȥҳġ
Ȿ»μǡдķǳȤͷдймдǺУдȴս滹һһ˵С¡
ССóдģЩС£Щ˿ҲһЩ˻һЦ
ҵսУڵСｫԼ˵ʿҳϵȮˣǵ̫̫Сӻ£ԼСӵը
дĶƽˣȴ˲ƽ顣
Ȼˣлкܶй͹йصĹ£ĳӢй͹ͷԣսΣգй͹ܲؾ
ƵĹ£ܣд˺ܶࡣ
ÿ£дü׶ɿ飬һ顭
ӢƼ˽֮õ磬˿֮̾ͱжˡ
ս̫пˣϰÿ쿴űֽϵûϣľ
һֱ跨գҪֽ֮࣬һЩӢ
ֻǣģЩս޲ʤӢʵͦٵģǰⱾ顭
λ»̫˾ˣһһֱǰߣдĹ
£սϵδģһսǰһ仰˵Զҡ
ϣҵĶӣսҲˡ
ⳡսΪʲôͲ

һ¾ã»μǡһ顣
ǲûм߰»Ǽţôһ˵ģǰйֻصŷޣȻһֱսϡ
һǳеˣ
Ȿ飬ǻϳ档
ðտһⱾ飬ǺбҪġ
սˣӢۣ

˶Ȿۺܸߣܿö˳ˣܿͿʼ׼档
۫ûʶأ»μǡͳˡ
ڵ̨˹棬һⱾ飬˵һдսģ˷θļʵС˵
ʱӢǰ̣Ůˡӡں󷽹
ǵòãȻǹԼˣսޱȹע
ƫƫʱϢֺֻֽͨһЩûаȫеĿں֮࡭ЩȻҪ˽սҲʵĻᡣ
ôһ顭ܶ˶ȥˡ
һʼдľȻйǾƭˣйͦ˼ģǱȥ
һǾͷŲˡ
ԭⳡսУȻй͹æ
컨һϵʱⱾ鿴ˣҲһϡ
ԭǵʿǰġ
һͷĹĹˣʿͷ֮ùͷˮùͷ壬Ҿмˣһúù

۷׷ף໥ƼⱾʱ
ҲʱӢ棬Ҳע⵽Ȿ顣
һʼе㵣ĵģⱾдǲð֪飬֮ǾʶǶˡ
й͹һ⣬Ȿݣûġ
й͹⣬ҲǴ⡣
ȷʵܰЩ͹Ūŷ޵ģô˵ǵĹңʵͲزסǵĹҵˣкܶѾ֪Щй͹ĴˣѾûбҪ
ο»С˵˵Щй͹ԸæġͨôΪҲͦõģ
һЩ˵»ձ֮࡭ӢҲû¡
ϲôһҲ㲻ʲôʵҲܲϲձˡ
Ҫձ˲֣˵ѾŪֵˣ
ãӢߺáȾⱾȶȽǸɴʾ˵̨ȥⱾ顣
ܿ죬ֽϾͳˡ»μǡһЩѡ¡
ֽѡⱾľǵģֽˣȻҲ;·ǳáⱾøˣ
ͨڽʳⱾ飬ƱʱѰһЩϵο壬壬ҲʼⱾ顣
֪жǮķС㣬ڿⱾ֮ȻȥǮ
֮ǰȾǱ飬Ѿй͹Ĵ˺ܶˣⱾ»μǡй͹ܵĴ͸ˡ
רȥЩй͹лллǶҵİ
лǵĵ
ϵۻᱣǡ

ЩȻôйˣǵĸмȴҲĵġ
ҲʣЩй͹ͷˮ⵽ô£ЩôͻȻôãԵ˺ܶ಻˵Ȼˣ
ҲвйŷѧѧģЩ͹಻ֲ֪ô£Щѧȴ֪ġ
ǿ»μǡ֮ٲеԹ»ƭˡĲ˵Щ͹϶ͲԸġ
Ҳʶˣǹңġ
һһֱͼ˵ӢǰйձҪൺˣݷ۫ʱ򣬾˵ˡ»μǡ
»μǡⱾȻӢıΪȴӢİնǹҲøУǼӵذǡЩ
˸۫ʶˣ۫ƷģҪİʱⱾ飬ҴӹڴģҲ˽֮Ӣġ
Ծ
ҪڹлȨҪ˰ǣҪñ˽ǡ۫
ƣ˾̫۫ˣȻķд
۫㲻ÿңⷨӲģҲдġ
˭дģʡ
۫ҡ
ԭĴ˵¶羴ܼһͺˣ
Ҳһܻȥһ棬Ҿ޺ˡ۫
ʦG۫Ļһ۫úõģ˵ʲô
ˣ˵ˡⱾǳ֮ǧҪ߱ˡ۫Ȼ¾㴫˳ȥҲһţûǲҪȥ
Ǹݷ۫ˣ۫ߵĺG׷Ӧǡ
۫ʱȴóԼй飬Ȼʼ롣
ģġ˿硷͡ɱ䡷
ܶ˵鱻ǵĹҳ棬Ӱǹҵ˵˼롭ˣǹҵ飬ǲҲڹ棬Ӱ쵽ˣ
飬дĹ¹ͬܿģϾҵǵŮԣŬΪԼȡȨ档
۫ôţطѻӢ׳ˡӢЩ˹ѧĺһ㣬Ӣȴѧķǳãȫǿ԰ģ֮ǻ໥Уԣȡ̡
۫ţҪ˶ãܳˡ
ֻǡ˰ǲܸˡ
ŷ۹ҪǮĵطֶ࣬˷ӴǮԼǰ˽˼֮ͻòˣڻ»μǡİ˰ԺǻҪİ˰
۫ڴİ˰⣬ͱ֪Ǯˡ
»μǡİ»趨һˣڣ۹ܺõ˿Ȿ飬ⱾİȨȥ档
ͬʱǱߣҲгϵ۫ҵĴˣϣܳⱾ顣
۫ΪЩ˾Ҫ˲ߵİ˰ȴ˺ܶҪҪЩ߾ȫ
Դˣеĳ綼⡣
»Զȥй֣϶ǸǮģȻں˰ΪʲôҪǴ϶Ϊ
˭Ҫأ˺Ժ󲻹⻹ǴǴ̣ܵõô
ȻˣͦģǺ
Щ̺»飬ӢѾĥŵԺ󣬿Ը»䷢һ£һЩˡ
ϲɾˡ


248 ҩ
ڡ»μǡдġҡ, ǸͨˣԼСƫ, ᱧԹ;, ᲻źۼȥһŮҲڵʱȾܡ
˵ⲿС˵ĺ棬дҼڵҷɹ, תܣըǰһſڵϣоʯҵͷϣҾҵĶҪǻ, ˮۿӿȾʪµ, źһˣû, һˣ
ʱֽϱӢۣǺηģ»ȴͬǸͨ, ǡǡΪϲ
ѧҽһʼǸˣսĲ֮, ſʼսһҽ
Ȼ, ȴҲΣյʱŶСʿܣȻ־ڻ𣬵Ҳðǹֵ˰˿ڡ
»ˣһʱ˺ܶ˿˿ʼѰҰ»
ŷ޵飬һ֪æƴƹ㣬˵ǹĵƹ㡣
һңԶͳһĺܲ㡣
ЩʹģȥѧģҲѾѧˣǲףϣЩӿ˵ùģϣҵԿͳһ
ʱ׷ףȥһݣԼ游ĸ
飬гЧġ
¼ҵ峤ѧ¼˶ǳм¼ҵԽԽá
ˣҲֻݴһ죬صϺ
ϺߣкܶҪȥ
صϺ󲻾ãһ׮顪Ϻ̻Ļ᳤˺ܶѧУ
ΪŷǱ߹˲йԵʣǹҵҵչ˰칤ΪԱ;һ̻ᡣ
ҵ˵λһֱܵͣΪѰӻϰڸǮ˵ٵТֱ˵·ѧ֮ࡣ
Ϻ̻Ὠ֮ܵ˲٣θѧУľ֮һͬʱѧУҵѧԺȥǵĹ̹
ȻܾҲ˵ˣЩѧȥЩѧԼ档
ȻҲЩ˵ǮЩ˵ֿʯϣѧУ
ѧʽȥлûбҪѧ֪жȴбҪ
ѧӦ֪ͼģӦһȺǡ
ᣬٲ˵ľǳԷ꣬Щ˾ȥԶˡ
ʱ˲öλӣ룬˵Ƕǳˡ
Ȼǰ
Ϻ½½ʶ˲ˣˣûôصദЩһԷȾƣʶ˺˵Ĳͬ
ЩˣʱĵĶǹҴ»˼ѧЩˣʱĵĶǸ
ᣬҲͦȤģϾЩزġ
ңӲ˾͵һˡ
̬ȣӮЩ˵ĺøС
ʱ˶׸ģЩҲưҲ⣬ԣŬЩȨƵˣŽһ̻ᡭȻôӣ䲻˵ӡ
ǸѧУǮʵҲΪ˽ûٻ١ȻٺķǼٵģٺͻǹϵõ£ȴڻȥѧУ֪֮
ΪһǣȴΪģҪദܶࡣ
̬Щ˶ܸˣҲЩ׽¥С˵һֱϲĺҲ
Ҳһ˿ģġ˿硷ҷ˺ü飬¶ģȥһЩ
С˵ѧ˺ܶණ

Щ˶Ƿǳó˵ģ佱ʱرֿ
λ佱ˡ
ǿ佱С˵кܶ඼ǷʡģϲǡӼǡ֮ҹҼǳСӣŷǱˣһ˵ڲʮ߰꣬ѾմȾѻƬˣԺ󻹲֪ʲôӡʲôӹһ
ڡӼǡд˲ٽӵ飬ˣҪˡ
ԼӳѻƬ鵱˵Χ˻һֲֵӣٲеء
ʱѻƬ̵˷ǳ࣬ΪҵǺ̹Ȼˡ
Ϊ޶ֵ䣬һЩæһЩÿ춼ᶨʱһѻƬ̸ѻƬϵĺûӡȵĺãһá
ѻƬʲôö϶ҪġԸ⣬ԽҵѧУѧУǷʽģûֶ԰̡˰⣬ʱ͸óԵࡣ
ѧУǰĲģЩ˿ʵеˣ᲻öӳԿ࣬һʼеɣǹȴһҧǾͶлˡ
лЩ˸˲ǮԸǵġ
ǵڶ죬һžͬǧһ͵ǰ
ֱӾͰλүŵѧУľӢ
ѧУĺӣһǲ³Կģ³ԿЩͱͻؼȥˣӢѧ˵³ԿˣҪԿ࣡
ЩǺˮ˷ʱģϾˮҪϲأ
ãССͳѻƬ͵༶ӦȻе㳤
ȥʱ򣬸ѧ˵˵ĸǰǧΪúѧϰ־ǧ飬ϣܿһ㣬Ȼˣ˹鿴ˣǲҪ̫ࡣ
ѧҪĻѧϰ˳ɼ½ǿ϶Ҫ뿪Ӣġ
˵˲ٻȻָ˰ÿѧһעġͽͯһעġ¿ѡү˰༶
Ӣѧõոµ鱾֮һүͦѺõģҲֹڴˡ
ķĽ̵£׼һ£Ǿ֪ʶıˡ
˼ǮΣǮˣһֱǲǿģȥͽ࿴飡
֮ǰǸӢѧȥѧƴڶѾɵһЩСѧƴȥˣЩǳŬ鿼ѧԺǿԵʦġ
ǿʦǵ˲֪˶٣
ӢѧԼǰΪĿģȻûСү
ڷСүѧϰԺ
˾˵Сʦ飬ôõȻѧ߰ġ֪ʲôӣ
ôŬͽҲȥҵ£ƾԼı£ͬܵµģ
Ӣѧѵúܣһ˼飬Ŷ˰죬ͿСү񫷢ˣڽֵֿġ
Ӣѧһ£СүҺ棺Ϣ
ҲϢǷҳȥҪȥҪѻƬҵǸһǸѻƬȻҵҰǮҪȥСүģݡ
ӢѧͷˣλͬѧתͻصԼλϣȻѧϰ
һĿбӵؿϵ飬ѹû˹ǸֵֿСү
Сүܲˣ嵽һͬѧǰԷһ˺
Ȼͱˡ
ѧͻȻһȭϣͳ̰Լ嶼Ū˵Сүҵͷתġ
֮ǸѧżˣԲסҲǹģҾеż
Сү㲻ǹģ
ΪʲôЩӦöͽ˵ˣѧУ֮԰Լɵ飬ȫԼͬѧɣ
أЩ˾֪ѧϰѧϰû˰ɻˣȻ
Сү˻ں޵ˮ֪Ͳˣһ
˵ѧȥʦʦȻֻ䣬ˣһ
ΪԼ˴ѧκػصȻͻȻʶһ¡Сү²Ҫ
ˡǾͼѧϰˡ
ӢѧԶߵĿһĶ飬ǵķ˱ˣҲûмȥԷһȥʢһʢ÷֮󣬻һһһǡ
СүôˣǲöǴһֱȥ
ЩѧȻһֱȥʵϣԹ緹ǾһȥѧУĹɻˡ
ͦӾӢѧģõʦ̵ǣǰŵĿγҲ˶࣬ˣȻҪɻ
ڸ˱ͬѧСүãȻ
֮ǰ˵˶СүЩΣǶչСүһ㡣
ǲѧΪʲôҪСү⣬ȻϡʵǣЩͬѧͶС
ʦǶ飬ǳԷĸǮҪǲУôǮǣ˵
ҵǮˣСүҲ͵
֪ллΪ̻ǮԵʣУǼ¥һѧأ˳СүһЦ
Сүе㲻ζ
λСү飬ǹעģҲû̫ģϾ̫æˡ
˺ü죬һȻ͵֪Сүɲ̫ӦѧУҪǶ䲻
ǾסŰɣ˶Ǯܱ֤СүһѧãȻλ˰СүˣôţҪСүѻƬ̽ġ
֮һձһȣ͸̰˯òͨ粻ͻ˷䣬˯
ⴲеСˡڴϣ̲ס
ʱĴ඼һģС˯㹻ˣáȫ԰Ѵһ㡣
Сˣ̰Σи˵ë˵̫СˡӦòǴСˣ̫ἷˡ
С߻Χ͸Сˡ֮ǰǸʹˣôڶУ̰죬Ǹװ˿Ǹһ°ɣ԰ſ󣬲䡣
̰䶼Ǵ
̰ת˻⣺׬˲Ǯ
Щ׬ģʡ
ǡ̰ǴЩ׬ġ
ȵؿŸ̰̰ЩѺҵĴҾ˶ǵѡ
ҲȲӡȻˣżЩʹһѺû˵ʲôˡ
ԭЩɢɢģ㸵̰ҪԸһʱҲҲЩԼһĴӣⲻøᣬһ
̰Ҳ͵ʲõضˡ
Ǹˣ¿ɱЩ˹϶ˡ
̰˵ȥЩǸһ¡ԣͶҴԺóװɡ
մʱʱûʱ̫࣬δδѾʱˣȴٲûῼǽԼĺ·
ңעᾭһǴ˽ȫԼˣϣϺġ
ˣҪı˵ӣȥʲôġ
ֵѾвٴˣ㶼ô˵ˣôٶңҲǿԵġ̰
ԣһڡ
ֹ˼죬ȥԼѧУʱ򣬸սУţͼСү
СүʱŹžǱˣ۵ϻв˺ۣ˵񫷢Լץġ
ʱַˣŹǷУſڰ󱣰ȥ̾ͳȰ㣬ҰɣһؼȥҪ̣ҸǮ
˵е״εģӰʲô˵
Ȼô޶ԣǰѾǵһμˡ
ס֣ҪСүͻȻ˴
תͷͿһ۵ŮУ⻢ؿԼ
ʶԷüͷ΢壬ŮߵѧУ
УСүĸף˵ҪСүſڵıѧУΧǽģſҲţȥүĸˣȥ֪ͨأ˼ײôһĻ
ˡһ
˵һۣԼӺۿĸΰܿˣϾͽȥҩأ˾ܰˣ
ҩŮӵĻȴһ
ϣʲôҩ
ִƼô̵ҩûеģ˵ѻƬҩˡ
ԣҩŮ˵ǽҩر飬˾ͲѻƬˣҶӸһȥҪؼȥ̡
ܻȥ˵ĽҩǱѻƬȣ


249 
ʱѻƬ, ѻƬ˷ǳ࣬һЩպյ, ܶҲ벻ѻƬġ
, Ȼ벻ѻƬЩȴҲ֪ѻƬĺģҲ̡
Ҫ̺ѣмԼʱʹ, мԼʱʧ̬
ѻƬ۸ϺǮ˵ͷģһǮѻƬӦһ죬ͷ˵׷ζ, ϲĳЩؼģһĻҲ󡭡, Ҿ͸䲻ˡ
ġ
, ˿ʼĳЩ̬۽ҩ
νĽҩЩƭ˵ģȴҲһЩʵŪһЩѻƬƷ񫷢á
Ⱦһ֡
ѻƬкΪٷ֮ʮ, ϸͣ˴ѻƬȻΪʹҩʹŷս, Ȼкܶսʿʹã̰ƽҽԺ, Ҳ䱸ҩġ
ǵãʶ̰ʱ򣬸̰һӲϣΪ̰ȡ
ʱڣкܶΪ˽ѻƬʹȣȻˣЩ˵³ãͷԽԽ
ͬʱҲʱ˽Ȱװɡҩıȡ
ıˣʵ˵Ľҩģ
ͷģֽ϶ˣóһűֽʣʲô
˿Լıܿ࣬۵زˣҲеʶģ֪̬ܵȵҲС
ӹֽȻͿֽϽǽҩд˵ֻҪҩǲѻƬһʱ䣬ȻȻѻƬˡ
ѻƬģⶫѻƬͲѻƬˡСүټһʱ䣬ܰѻƬˣʱǲߵġ˵ĽҩϾȥ
ƾʲôˣƾʲôô۸Ҷӣ˼ˡ
ûȥԸ˰Сүصȥȥλ˴߶ԷҩǼٵģҪ̣ѧʢԡ
ں಻ţͼҪȥһͷһǽҩ
ôţ̾ͳš
ȥģ֮󣬾Ȼ󽫱ֽϵĵַ˾
ӺܿĿĵء
ʱĵַôϸ˵ط֮󣬻ΪҪһҵҪҵĵ̣ˡ
յͿһſųӣŶӵһ鼤ϵĳƱҩ
ӳÿһŴ˲··긾˽קżöԪŶӣһŶӣһ߻ߵˣҩõİɣҶӳ˽ҩǲǾͲˣҼʵڹˡ
˽ҩһõģֽ϶˵ˣһ˵ԴӿʼѻƬһһȳ˽ҩһõġ
Ŀƿˡ
˫ۺˣҲϣˣȻˣҲһЩǱ֧ʹҩˡ
üͷȥ
һȥͿһ̨̨վŻƣЩóһкеҩʱʱҩһԪһУֻԪ
ŶӵҲֵԼ֮̾ͽԪóҪĺУ
ҪУ
ҪУ

ԪһľһӣȻͻҩƷżôһԪľԺ󷢳ԣǼٵģǾͻǿԪҳһļ⣬ȷԪ١
Щҩ·кܴĿǼٵģҲҪϵƭ̨ǰס˼Ǯ׼ǰ͵ˡ
˭ǡ
ֽ϶˵ˣôǼٵģ
ھҩ֮ȷʵѻƬˡ

ҽ¥ڱֽϿǹƪ£λȻֽӦ֪ҵġ
طͨˣ֪ôͦģϺضڲ֪ģû
ϾϺ˵˵ĶдĹ¡ͨ˵ЩĹ£¥Ĺ¸дС
Щҩ˶һ㶣ǵһȴݹ٣ʧԶӭȥƹĹ
ûȥǸƣֻЩҩ˵ҶҽҲЩ˽⣬֪ѻƬҩǽ䲻ģг֮󲻵ѻƬҩǶҩĶѻƬҪأλ򣡡
Щҩ˶һ㶣˵ôأ˵İɣǰûнҩ˵Ѿ˰
˵ҩ࣬ͻ꣬ǲԼ򲻸򣿡˵
˵ĻʵѾҴҩʲôˣλһȡ
֪ʱȵҩȷҵȣص֪ͨ˸̰ø̰ҼҽһЩҩ
Щҩȣ϶
ѻƬȣѻƬԺϷֲ˴ֲʱɱܵͣۼۡССһݾҪһ൱İٿǮǱ
һͱԼţ߻ڣЩҩ˶ڡ
ЩҩǮ˵СǮȻ˷ѡ
һЩǲǮ壬˵ҩܱѻƬ⣬Ȼɡ
ѻƬôˣʱ䲻ҲûʲôҪ˲õĶԼġǿ޶
Ȱ˵£Щ˶ˣ˼Ŷ鲻˸ǽ͡
Ҳʱҵƹˡ
ƹǸʮ꣬ͦŸСĶӵˣһͳҾóһׯƱĲʧԶӭʵڱǸҵźȲ衣
񡣡ûա
ƹĿҲС⣬̧֡
ѾʹˣĹѾʲôС⣿
ٸǧ
ҲȱǮ
ƹɫһһģٶһǧҲǰġ
ûֻǿſڴ̰ˡ
̰ʲôóһӸ̰
ǸֽӣмֽŵķĩĩνĽҩ
̰֮򿪣һóһ֮ȼ˹̨ϵͭĺӽȥ
ֽֽķĩȼΪҽƮһ
ڸ̰֮ȼʱ򣬾Ÿ̰Ʒ̣Ҳǲõģ
ôţŵһɵĿζͦŵġ
͸̰㿪ˣȴû㿪ƹʱǵҺúõؿ⣬ҲˣյҵƷɲǾΪ
ûشֻʸ̰ⶫʲô
пȣӦòߡֵ̰ȼһͭĺ
ƹļ״ŭɶ̰ȴһҲûУֻÿеĿζŨһ㣬ͬʱáĪЩˡ
ҲʱǸеĻƣͻȻɵЦ
лҪ˵
֮ǰ¼˵ǷնƷиȥɷãŵζ֮˾Ͳˡ
΢ģžǺƵĸо񫡣


250 ɱ
ִʱ, һƵɷá
ǸƵɷãһ߲ɷ÷նƷľľ, ڲɷ;, ǼͻȻǺһƲסԼı鿪ʼɵЦ
ʱ֣ȻǸܵ˵ŵ˶Ʒζ, ˵ӰŻ˵ȥ˯һͺˡ
ֲ֣ˣöƷΣʵ̫󡪡ֻŵһζôʧ̬ܿԼ, ʵڿ£
µǣ, Ȼ
Ȼ, ʱƷңԶƵ֮Ҳͽ֮ӵԺˣڡ
ֳġ
¥, Ҳܲ⣬ôߣǻƿճյЦҪ׬ܶܶǮ, ȻȢƯϱ
ȣѻƬ̰ǴѻƬ, ʮѻƬһǱûʲôͬ
̰ϻŰ״ӣһҽ磬˵Ļŷģ˵ʵЩϰǰˡǸƣԲԾ
ﻹſڵϰնˣΪĽҩͲǽҩ˵ȻһֱѻƬĶ
һЩϣҩˣ̾ըˣ̫ˣôôˣ
Թҩˣ᲻£ǰҵǮң
̫ûˣȻƭˣ

һһŭˡ
Ȼ˶ŭģŶӵ˵ȿͦ˼İԣ
ֲǮҶԶƷźܴĺĵˣ׻ʱǺģӶʱ
˳̨ܡ
סҲ͵ǲҸ߹ԵģӵԡЩ̨ܵˣҲ̫ŭҪй϶ҲǮȡ
͸̰߶Ǵ˵ģЩϻǹǳ棬̾ͽЩİȫסˡ
飬Ѿ֪ͨѲˣҪ˶Ѳ˾ˣʲôίԸ˵ڴȳȥҪڵ
֮ǰȥҸ̰⣬˱ˣߵ飬㽻Ѳ
̰ԣһۣ̾һ
飬ѲһԸܡ
Ĳ˵˵ѲϵǳĽ´Լ̣ѻƬ⣬ʲôˡ
ôҲû
´Ȼϲɾȼҩƭգҵ϶ǽ´ֵµģýѲһ飬ҲǺ¡
͸̰ܿͿס˳棬ѼڵİջɢǸȵҩƹɫɷףͷð
ûȥƹģԸ̰ȵЧǿ֮ǰ˳ŵζӰ첢δ󣬵Ρͦ󺰼ġ
ʱֿܵĸо͸˲࣬ʧظоǳ
ȻȥɣúϢһ¡̰Եĵ
ЦЦá
飡һǹĻͬʱоһۣĺҪѿһ

ɱˣ
ܣ

ղŻȻİնʱ˲ͬʱǹ˶Ĥۡ
Ҳ룬ʶػס̰ñӵķ򣺡
̰ķӦܿ죬̨㣬ͬʱһۣӵߺХǶҵǽϡ
ЩӵҲ֪ǳģǳŸ̰ģԷܲ˵ؿǹȴ˵ﻹŵͨպͻƵģ˲ҽ
ܲôˣʱֻܻס̰
˶㵽˹̨棬һƨڵء
ʵĹ̨סӵǵıҲѾóǹӵķǹǣʱȫˡ
ʶһ㣬һЩȻ͸оȵҺԼļϱϻ䡣
ǹˣǹ
ǰĿսƬڣϳˡ
һѻ۵ıͷѾʪ͸ˣʹƺǴӹͷģֻǺһ£ۣܸоѪӿ˳ȥ
д»μǡʱд»ǹڣʱصдԼϱಡʱĸо̰˵дĺʵڣֱĸо֮ǰֲһˡ
ϱʱʵûźֽѵĸо
ˣͲٳܸʹˣĸĸҲ쵣Ϊҹߣøǿһ㣬ͦõĲ
ǲһġ
̵ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳޱȷһ㡪
̰˼˽ⲻҲ̰Ǹ۵ˣ۵ĸ̰ô
ȻԼ飬ԲŮˣûֻ֮ﾭʲô
⣬ѧУ¶Ժ硭Щֻʲôӣ

µʱѾܲɷ֣ʱѾִˡ
ôˣ̰ܿʶɫˣ뵽֮ǰ飬ɫɷףǹˣ
ǵģҿԼĺſ˸̰ϣ˿ڵʹǿܵģĵģԼܻû
Ѿˣĺܱڣ·ѾȫѪ͸滹ǹס
ǹˣǹ
ֶ̰ųȥ˿ڵģ֪˿һҪ촦ԥ˺·˴
ֿƲסزֱ˿ڵһһѱסû£û£
ǹϣҪȻգûΣա
̫ˣ
̰һ£̾ͷſȻӻóҩ͵˿ϣȸֹѪȻȥˣȥȡӵ
Ҿ˵һû¡ЦЦ̲ס˻һҩеۣԼǰںڰװ׵һƬӶе㲻ˡ
֮ǰһΣͷһĸоĸо
Ȼҵд˲˺޵С˵ݣʵûʲôû˸ޣҪŪ
˴ɱ
ͻȻ뵽λѧУ䶾Сүĸ֮ǰ˵һЩ˵顣Ϻ̻ǰһλ᳤ȥ˰ܣ˺ܶӲһô֮󣬾еһ겻ˣҲû᳤ܼ̻
⣬и˻ϼҸӰϲ£ϲ°쵽һ룬ͻȻһȺٷˣȫɱ˸ɾ
˴⣬ûˣҲûˡ
飬ܶΣڱֽҲʱעΣѾˣȻ¡
۾
˯ϴȥ̰ˡ
û£Ϣһ¡۾Ÿ̰ЦЦ
һ̣ޱʶʱֲԸңôҪܱҪȣûô򵥡
ҪʱҪúûȥܺúûȥʷϵĸ̰ҲţʷϵκͤҲᱻɱ
ǹץע⵽Ѿûôˡ
͸̰ڹ̨棬ΧǵıڻţҲѾΣա
٣û°ɣԸȥץ̨֮̾棬ѯ͸̰
Ȼ󡭡Ϳڵϣŵ͸̰˵ı̬ЩԾ
ǻӣûʲôˡ
⻹ǸµʱĻ

֮ǰͺ֣׻ҵүΪʲôôأڵˡ
֮ǰ˵ϲٲϲ٣ǻ˶ΪǿЦڿ˵滰ǧȷ滰
ɡ


251 ѰҰ»
ǹӦ¥ϡ, ʱΣ, ע⵽˿ǹ˵λá
, Ѿȥ׷ˡгǿȥҽԺ
ܿͱ͵ƽҽԺҡ
֮ǰ̰е, ֱԼָԼȡӵΡ˱˸
ҽԺõ֮һ˵Ȼ侲ȴ׶֡
ԼƲԼ
ҽ, 鷳ˡ̰ŶؾһȻְס
ķҽʮ, ΪΪ˱Ƚ򲻻Ӫ, 󣬵˶ļ
ЩÿҽԺţʱ鼫ḻ, Ϊ̫̫æ˶ĴˣȻ裬Ҳȷҽĺ, ҽǷĵġ
ʱǹûǹôеǱ, ⣬ѵģֻеκģԼо
Ǽܾ˸̰עȵĽ飬ҪֱӶ
ʹһȲ񫣬Ҳʹֺ˵Ķ
̰û취ҲֻܸιֹʹҩȻٺһסҶ
Ըо̰ԼЩЦЦأҲµġû֣֮˲أҲܻΪȾɥ֡
ãԼͦСġ
֪㲻¡̰һ㡣
ʱǷҽѾʼˡ
ȡӵٶȱҪ죬ҲҪۣȻˣ۵ʵȡӵ˿ڷϡ
һĸоʵôܣֹʹҩûá
һֱԼҪȥˣʵǡ
ܲø̰ġ
ȡӵ֮ͱ͵˸̰Ϣ
˲ȸ̰֮ǰǴеҪغܶ࣬ʧѪҲ࣬һʱֻſš
ôſһ֮󣬸̰ʹϢɱձˣǼҵҲǴձģϧǸɱ̫ܵ죬ûץȥ׷ʱѾݶܵˡ
üͷ𣺡ǣ
ζ㶯֣ӦΪһҶߵĺܽԵʡ̰
ʱɱżʣɱһ㶼ЩҪģȴǵŮ֡
˵Ҫһ֣һѡֱŪǸ´󽫣ȴŮ鷳
һ棬ʱԼ׳ɵĹ涨Ͼ˶ˣҪǿ˶Ա˵˶ֵԼҲҪùһ棬ΪǸˣֵµ˵ͱһɢɳˣĶˡŭľɳʲôû֪
ΪЩձ˲ûжԸ̰ǹȴҪɱ
ңȴֲڸҳ˺ձ˵Ǹܺõѡ
̰Լķ˵ˡ
ĵã
̰˰ģһ㱨𡣡
̰С󣬶ǳǣʲô飬鶼Ȩס
ǰ£ʵǲԸԼ£ҲԸ¡
ллҲ취Լ͸̰
ֵ̰˺ˣȥɽɡ
Ҳȥɽ
Ҫ̰ʣʼĥҪŪֻ
ʱԺ󡭡Щ˵
Ҫˣõ˵Ͽɵģûա
ȥŷޡ
̰˰ܣ̰֮һЩͷ
ֻʱ̫Сʱֲ˼ʲôҲˡ
ڣʱѾˡ
Ҫ˶ãһսͻ£ͻͻٿ
ϣǳͻϣԼĹҿԲþܾǩ֣˳
д񡷣ĨձӢȹձӡ
д»μǡЩ͹ҲԼĹңս֮󣬲ڱ
ԭĴ㣬û۫Ҳ취ӢⱾ飬Ѵ⣬Ҫȥһŷޡ
ʶ۫˵һ֮ϲһţ粻ȥŷˡ
Щ飬ȫԽȥһֱϺҲͦõģٰȫ
ʵ֤̫ˡ
Ȼȫǰٷְٰȫ̰ҪȰԸԼϺ߾ӪҲ顣
ûһȫĵطЦ
Ҫȥŷޣϣڰͻٿ֮ǰʲôսûʱ̰˵ЩҪͺܶණҲûᡣ
̰Щɡ
ʱʣ˵ˣôˣʱǹǳģӦΧ˵ġ
иƱؿڣգȷܻܲҩ˱ǹˡ̰Ҳ֮⣬ܵʱΪˤ֮ԭˣҸǮѾˡ
˼䣬̰ȫ˵ˣ󿴵ɫÿŵϢҲ˵ˡȥɽ飬ԺȰڡֻЩ˴ж˿飡
˵ʱŷޣ»μǡⱾȴԽԽˡ
ǹ廹ƽ񣬼֪Ȿ飬Ҳв١
»㲻ӢۣҾӢ۸ɰ
֪»ĸӷۡ
Ҳ֪»

Ȿõһ˳дģдķǳдУеˣð»ʵڵġ
󣬾˷һжѰҰ»
ӢľˣʼԷԼѰҪҵ»ֽҲһֱ£԰»ǳ⣬ǳġ
۫
»ˣǲڵģ۫ûֹһС
ЩԽҲ»Խǻ԰»棬ԽǶ԰»棬ԽⱾ顣
۫ͦϣѰҰ»£ȫһȥġ
źۼƶ£д˼ƪй͹йص·ڱֽϡ
Ӣıֽǲ⿯й˵µģй͹ǳעĿǵ׻ǽ֮ˡ
Դˣ۫Ǻܸ˵ġ
ĵطдС˵
ʱ򣬡Ȿ飬Ӣй˴ŷޡ
ȾⱾдغܺãдǰȻܶΪⱾձ˸ߡӡ󣬵Ҫ˵ôձˣǿ϶ûеġ
ǵĹңҲûȥԱĹҡ
»μǡⱾձ˽Ӵձ˵ۺܲã⵹Ӱ˲ˣǶձҲһĹӡ
ڣˡⱾ顭
Ⱦͬд÷ǳʵܶ˿֮󣬾͸»μǡһˣ
٣緽濴Ȿ֮󣬾;ģϵ۰ձ˾ȻЩ飿̫ɶˣ
ⱾдȾдģȻڡȾⱾȶȽˣⱾӦҲĲ
һǳȤС˵ҾÿԳ档

վҪ桶񡷣⣬һͬŷ޵ġǡҲ翴ˡ
Դ˼룬Ĺ¶ر˼
ԭйӵģûбػƽҲر󡣡
Щ͹ķϣӦöѺһ㡣
ĹԱǹҲС

練¶ҪҵļС˵۫ߣļС˵Ҳ˵֮ͨ£˳
ϧǣΪʱȣֲ۫רŵֹߣǵķ벢
⼸飬˰æУһ飬ȥ档۫ѷ˺GúGӢıʲ˰æ޸һ¸ӡ

ȣսѲǰôȼңҪǣѾ̫ˡ
ս¾Ҫˡ
ս͸ÿʼ̸ָˣҪ˽һӢ


252 Ӱ
˴ɱ, Ϻ˹㷺עϺıֽ, ȫ, ͬʱαװɽҩ飬ҲȫϺ֪
Щ̫ɶ, Ȼú˵Ķαװɽҩ
¥ǸˣҲ֪᲻¡
Щ治ǶѻƬĶǹ
ϣ¥Ҫ¡

Ȼˣ˷ŭȴҲ˲¡
һҾۼ˺ܶϺ˵ӵϷԺİ, һ߷Ϻõһ߱ԹԹ, ѻƬ, ƫ¥£˼һѶˣû򡣡
ǿãҪ, 
ٺộ¥ңĹϵǳ

Щ˵, ǵİͻȻ߿ˣں˵ʲô
Щ竹ӸתͷȥͿվڰſ, ؿǣ󣬻żһЩϡŹֵĹߵˡ
ʢԣЩһϳ˹еһЩΣǿЦġǶ֪ʢԺ¥ϵܺãʢǰ˵¥Ļǲ̫ʵġ
ǲ֪Цҿ𣿡ʢЦһ
ߵҲС֮ĶȾ֮Ц
ʢߵ˾ǳĵӰĳ˧
ʢ˻˰ʱ䣬֮ĵӰһϵ׼ȫãΪĺõӰصȥѧУѧϰһÿϷԺĦϷ
죬һ߿ϷһҪȥ飬˵ŻͻȻڰٲ÷ŭƢ̫õĳ˧һ߿˰š
Щ竱ʢԺͳ˧ô˵е㲻ģϺض˳˳ң竣˵˼Ҳ
ʢ٣˵ӣдҼƽϡ
ǳ˴̣̫˵ĺ
¥С˵ϲģղΪ˵أ

ЩЦһʢϴҪʢ˸˵ֵǮ
ʢԼֲ֡ǣЩ˵ʶʱ񣬶ӣҲüƽˡ
˧е㷴ӦЩôôû
ʢԴϷԺ뿪ʱ򣬳˧̲סʣʢԣЩôôϴˣһҲûУ
Щʲôҵ̵ʱ򣬱Ĵĵ鶼ɹʢԵô£ҪΪ١
ǰ˵ģõϢ֮̾ȥˣ̰ûˣȻ󡭡ϺسǾͷ˭֪ˣ߶ҪѴ̿͸ҳŪ
˵١¥Ҳͦùģ̿Ҫɱ٣˵ǹ˧
ʢͬصͷո̰˵̿ͱҪɱģС˵Ҳܵùˡ
ʢԺͳ˧˺ܿƽҽԺ
ǰ층̰˼쵹ûܵôϣ˺ܿͱڵĵطȥ
ʱڳԸ̰׼ʳμѪ
ζ飬ѪгС飬뼦˿ֲѪӪ
ʢҪ㡣ߵˣǳ̴˧ĶӳΡ̰ʢԽ֮ǰͰʢԻ˵˵ˡ
Ϻ飬˲֪ȴ֪ģ̴˧籨չԼӡ
ΣЩȡ
λ˧ںͦġ
ȢΪޣ֪ӰǴؼҵŷɻ졭ǸǳڵˣôڵһˣѻƬȻҲմġ
ȻͱԼˣԼֻ֮һӵĳ̴˧Ҳʼ
̴˧󣬳һءķ羰ߡ
ǰŸոҪȥԸңתͷȥһȥԸס
Ͷĳתַڣո˶˺ԼڶͻԼ
ЩΪԼҲˣƫƫǣñ˸һùһԡҶӶûˣƾɶôˣ
ôڣ˺ܶˣԼҲ군ˣкܶʺŪԪˣҲˡ
Ҫ跨˳˧ҪֻǣǺüҪ飬ֽ׶Ρ˧Ӧûңص˧ô͸ʢһˣ
ϺģʢӦû֪ݣͦõġֵ̰
˵ͷ
ʵ֪ʷͬ޿ɾҩʵʶĹͦõġ
ôţͿʢԺһ΢֣ͦʵһ˽
ʷӵܾȻͦȵġ
ȵǣλ˧ڽʱǽֿ䣬˵ǺϲС˵
ɫغʢԻг˧Ȼͷִʱĳ˧ܵûմȾЩ߰Ķ˧и롪뵱Ӱǡ
ȻˣӰʶûУڶûĵӰ
Ӱȷʵ˶ʶ㣡ҾõӰⶫԺԽԽͨ˽ܡʢԻг˧˵ӰĹǰ
˧ĳ
ֵҪĵӰǸ⡭ҪҪд籾ǣ
ǲϲд籾ģϾ̫ࡣ
ڣʱⲻôд˾ֻôôһ㶼ųд籾
ʱĵӰֻ̣ܶĸʮӣдͦ򵥵ġ
¥Ըд籾̫ˣ˧ǼʢԵе㵣ģ᲻Ӱ
ӰҲдҿñд
дľ籾ǸѻƬйصġʱܶˣûʶѻƬĺĸصĶ̵ӰӰҪȥȴҲֻдѻƬ
мⷴһƬ
Ǿ鷳ˣʢԵӰû籾ǲд
ûʲôдģų̂дŵӰʱԱˣ
̫̫뷨ˣʢԾϲôû뵽ôɣ
һֱϷ͵ӰȣõӰûײϷÿҪҲ鷳Ա
ʢԵôһע⣬˵زУдһ籾
ҲܿһӰҪϲҪȤɣǿһ⵰ĳͻȻһ·뾹˱ǹĳүǮȥͣ˹ֽԵʶѻƬΣȷԼ룬صԼ
һ£Ҫ˵ȤҲû̫Ȥ
ʱĵӰƪ̣ܶܶڽȥ
һ򵥵Ĺ£ԷŽȥܶЦ䣬Ҫһٿ⣬ϲʿ϶ϰպģЩϰտ϶Ҳ࿴
ôţЦ˵ǳԷʲôзų˻٣˾Ȼ˵ôԵġ
ֱǲóˮͰѳˮͰϴ˰ݷã˸
ȻˣѻƬйصҲ٣ȥ͵ˣѻƬ֣ܸʲôҪȳڵġֱһֵʱ˵Ķ˵·ߵؤһүϧѻƬˣƭҵ˵ؤ귢ʱ򣬼ĹѻƬ񫡣ҲˣүһؼҾͿʼѻƬèſϣ
˵һЩѾʢ۷Źˣ̾ñʼ¼˵
̰
̰ҪϢ㻹뿪ɡ
̰ؽú̽һʢԸˡ
ʵû£ֲʲô
˵д̰
Ц
ʧѪ٣˵û£̰ʢԸ֮׻Ժ˯˹ȥ
˯ˣ̰ŴӲȥ
ܿһץ𣿡
̰¶ϲɫ٣Ѿץˡ
ʢϣЩ֮ǰܲغãΪûдĵȥץһˡ
ڱֽϿͨ˴Сظ߰񣬻ڻվ˼顭
һʱ䣬ϺķΪ֮һ壬ץһЩڱĵط¶㵽ϺˣץһЩС͵֮ڽǼڸʢϣ֮һֱϺձץסˡ
ЩֱӾͱ͵˸̰
ȥ̰
̰뿪˯һܿȴ˹Ȼһδ
ʱ֮ûҪչԼһ棬ϱһֱլڼдС˵ͲóЩһ棬Ϊ֪δûʲô塣
˵ģ˵ңڷޣֻӵ統Ԣ
ҵĽ֣Ѿǲˡ
ٵ˰󣬻һǴڵģвˣֱӾʧʷˡ
ʱľϵʮÿϵֹһмʮϰٸִ֪ģм
ʱãܸıһЩ˵Ѿܲˣΰ飬Լˡ
ڣ뷨Щˡ
̶ʮأηηβǸʲôġ
ѧУ͹¶ԺкܺõĻ֪δȫԴڿʼΪԼΪ̰úù滮һδ
˾Ͳܹ̫ݣҪһԼС
лҪ˵
˵ȡᣬΪԼԴһдü򡭡
ʵ֤߹Լˡ
ȷʵˣΪдΣ漰漰Һ͹֣֮ǲдģս̸֡
֮ǰǰд΢漰һͱţҪҲһֱû뿪Ϻͼȥ䡣
*****
˵ʵҲֶˣڿǰʵȫƷһΣʱҷԤֽСִʾȹȫܿˬģ֪ȫܿдλд̣ĿֱӾܱг̸İġ
ͰԽᵽҵûʱˣԭҪսĸ̰еҽһʼĸʵģ˧ĸҽˡòҪͶԷչһΡࡱĸ飬ķչĲһȻ˿ȿȡ˧侲죬˳é®ԼǳɽԼҪ̹һ¾Լˡ󣬸˧ȥԼСˡ
Ӧþ⼸ˣĻв٣ýĶύһ¡һдŵдǳŽΣȥСдһȫ磬е֪¥һ֮飬ҪдС˵ҲмƪûдTT
ЩȫŷдҪҲΪ˱֮ܿ࣬˳дȥرײףҷȡһдû~


253 ˵
һ, ϻᡣ
, , һµľ֡
£ĳͶձľǸݱһѪɿȨˡ
, Ͼͱݱ
£ĳЩ˵ų£Ԫ˧ְ뿪Ϻ
£ĳɱһĴ, ϱһձս
, άڹ㷺ע, Ԫ˧µάϣ

˵ʱ򣬿˺ܶűи̰Ӹռ鱨
Խ, Խء
һս鱨ֻǼ򵥵ļ仰, ڱ󡭡֪˶ٰա
ͷľлֻ뵱ʵ, °ղģȴҲдһǮġ
֮࣬ıд˼ƪѻƬģҲдսģزġ̰ߵЩʿѾܸṩܶزˡ
Щб׳֮󣬲֪ԼؼҶزȥġ
½½Ѿ˺ܶƪôϬʲô˵ܵ˵ϲ췢ƪ˿
ûչЩ
һֱΪԼ׼
۫ǰѾһЩӢɣֻһЩø̰ߵ˰һЩ
һУ̰Ȼ֪ġ
ϸϹҩ֮󣬸ֱ̰ʡ
ǵġûЩӣӦûһˡ
Һһȥ̰ԥ˵ܲµҪȥʲôҲҪһȥ
۫ǰ˵籨֪ŷ޵սѾʣʱҪڹΪǵĹҷ㲻Щȥŷѧϰһ˵Ҳǲġ
̰Цáһ˵ţһ߻§סߵĸ̰һ˫е㲻֡
̰ĬĬذˡˣǱ˼ˣ
˻ûãӢϺ
ϺʱϣһֱƽҽԺ
ҽԺϢ̰ǿص鱨һ߿һ߸̰δ
֪ʷټԹ壬Ҳ˵ͷͷǵĵطҲֱӾ˵Լ֪
˵˵ţӢˡ
̰һɽӢһ͵֪˴ɱ̰С֮͵ĵزУƫƫʱֱ߲ڲϺ
֮󡭡ȻҪԼĵܻܵߵġ
ɽǻҵĵ̡ܵϺܻΣգȥɽ϶Ͳˣ
磬Ҫȥŷޡ̰
ȥǱʲôǱڴ̣ȥǱ̫ΣˣӢ
Ҳȥսȥ̰
Ӣüͷ΢壺ɽǱ֯ҪȥŷޡҲΪ£
ڼǰձʹ̾ɽĵ¹ˣǲûȫֵ¹ɽȨ
¹ǵõ˺ܶȨģа˰ɿȵȣձȻ¹ܣʱǲȷŷսϵ¹䣬ҲͲЩȨȫ֡
ڲǰԭڵ¹Ȩȫձϡ
ҲΪɽǱߵһЩʿǳһֱڿ顣
ɡ̰
²ͽȥûʲôôӢüҪձˣķ϶³ȥӢҪӢ϶ò֣ҪձԸ⸶ʲôձ
ΪЩˣ¶ù
ǲͽȥҲǺġ
磬ûкôԶҲкôġ
ʲôôӢƲ졣
ʷסǡЦ
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磬мʮ꣬ȷһֱʹ죿
ʲô˼Ӣüͷе㲻ˣ
磬緢չر죬֣ܶеһжڸ»ǵĹڽļʮпܻӭ󶯵ҪȫԼĿҪųԶ
Щ¶ҿ϶㲻ø˵ЩӢüȫûĻϣúдС˵ˣЩʲô
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оǣŶ֪飿һ˵Ҵ£ⲻǿЦô
̫ܵˡϾȻռĻ鱨ЩܸСӿģ
ӢѹûԼ뷨˼״ٲЩΣȴ֡
죬Ӣ⣬Ŀȥ飿ˡ϶ҲǼһǡ
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ǴоֻȡһЩģ¶ҪӢͬ⡭룬ֽ̰ʸҡ
̰ĽΪʲôҪֽʣǽֽʸȻͿֽʣд
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254 
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֡ǰҵһģһ
ӢȻûʲô飬ʶе, ۹, ҪҲô
ҡǸǳ壬ǳע, ˣҵּȻǼǵõġ
µ˺ܵܶǰҵż֮ܳٸģҲһֱǵɷ֡
Ȼдҵ֣
ң
Ӣе㷴Ӧ
ҽĶ͸, ԹƻйƵķȫˡ
ڵ, ĳӦû, ˵ˣ˵ĳΣǸˡ
ڹϵġ˵ǰģ˵ġҸ˶, Ƕİ˵ˣ
ڻӢҾǸʿˣЩӪӪȨƵ, û
һֱãӦǸΪƸΪĴ, ֵһдġ񡷸֯Ǹ֯˵鲼ȫ硭
ңô
Ӣ̾ͿԼܵܡ
̰üͷ΢΢ţԼĿ֮չȻ磬ݻҪ㱣ܣǸ׺ʹҲ˵
£֪ԽԽãǵĸף϶Ҫŵġ
Ǵڸֵ̰εģȻûǻűȽϺá
ʵϣӢĴ㣬ҲҪŵġ
ױ䣬ȷʵĺأ󣬼ʮأ
̰˺ܶ࣬Ӣȴеж
ܶȻȶǴ绹ҪΣôҪ飬ܾȻֻ磡
ȵȣؼģ£ǡ
Ӣѿڶң
̰˵ͷǵġ
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Ӣ̰ûƭңܵĪΪ˸𣬲űĻѻ
ӢСϲй۲ˣּ˸ʽˣϺܻῴˣˣҲǹ۲ġ
ܴܽǳۺܸߣҲϲϱ
ҡ
ôȲϵģ
磬ûбҪƭ㡣̰Ȼ֮ǰ˵Ľ͸˻Ӣ
Ӣ˺һ£Ȼֵ⻹ǲԡд¶и֯ģʲô
Ȿҿдģһṩ˺ܶϡ̰
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Ӣ˻֣Ҫǡ
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ӢôԼĵܵ˳ȥ
棬ȷһӢ˺ܶࡣ
ң¶Ҳǲܵġ
뷨ܶ࣬رʾȻҵȻҲ
û뵽ϱȻô
ӢһʱԺǼ
ͻȻ뵽һ¡
ܸܵһǡϱ֮ǰһЩ˲õҲû£ҡܵܺ
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Ӣһû˯̰ܳ˸ҵżҵС˵ֿ
ġڰд˺ˡһܵһϲ˰ɣ
óǸĵġܵܵ۹⵱治
ǡǳԿˡ
Ӣշתһϣڶһ磬ȥˡ
̰ҪӴ˻ӢͻӢ̸һ
ǳս֮󣬱Ȼӭķ䡣
ǹҸͲǷܲ뵽ⳡȥѾˣ϶ֲʲô
ڣ͸֮ǰǩĶʮһ˵ֻһԼ
ǲԴС

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ЦЦҪ
ӢεûţҪʲôˣҪʲôܸ˵
磬Ҫ֡
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ֵⶫӢȹоǲô˻ᣬȡ棬Ժ˵һĲֵ
ЩӢǲԭĴ㣬ǾԼֻܶһ֣ҲǺõġ
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ⶫ˼ҵģռŲţ
Ӣ룬ܿ˾Ǳߴ˺֣ܶγȫϣȥŷ޸üǮ
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ˣŷ޵սʲôʱӢʡ
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Ͼȥֵߣ׬Ǯɾӣбֳļ۸ܻͣҲĶˣ׬ĸ࣡
ôţӢֿŪܲŪҪԺ׬Ǯ֣
ܻܵǺģһֱץεģҲʵ⡣
ˣǮǸܵǮӢûʲô᲻õġ
ҪҶԲܵܡǻôıҲǰģ
ܿ͸Ӣе飬ȻͿʼ׼
˺֮ԼѧУʱͶˣѡ˶ʮʵĺӣЩӻǵļҳ֮ͬ󣬾ͽΪѧߡ
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ЩŮѧļҳ˼ܿģû£ֻںЩŮѧ̸һΣԼû˼
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׼ȫãҲϵ˴֮ڴϢ
ǳҵսˡ
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йԹʱһֱƣܶ˶ƾε飬ΪԼĹȡһЩ档
Ҳȫ׼﷫𺽡
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Ϻʱ򣬳ϰܶ࣬ݶһֱǼŵġ
Щ꣬ҲϰĶӣϧһֱûϢҪר˳ϰ塣
ϰԥؽԼӽƹȻȫҵǰŷ޵Ĵ
ͬȥģκͤŮԼ
γѧˣȻԼĸ׻á
һֱãӦö棬ˣĻᵱȻԼĸ׺á
κͤκͤҪȥģŷ޺˽⣬Ҫȥ֮á
Ȼˣһȥŷ޵ٲ˵ľǸ̰ˡ
İ£ˡ
󴬻뿪ϺĸۿڣʧǵǰһĴ󺣣Ȼһɺ
ϱӲಡ齣Ⱳӵ֮ǰ꣬ҲһֱϺڣ﷫𺽡
лҪ˵
ľ͵ɣķύһŷ޵ôô~Ȼĸеķⶼе~
